CN102498457A - 输入装置和输入装置的控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
输入装置包括:触摸传感器(11),被配置为检测触摸输入;压电元件(12),安装在触摸传感器上(11);以及控制单元(15),被配置为基于压力元件(12)的输出信号检测触摸传感器(11)的触摸面(11a)上的压力负荷,并且当检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时驱动压力元件(12)从而向按压触摸面(11a)的按压对象提供触感。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2009年8月27日提交的日本专利申请2009-197132的优先权和权益,该日本申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有触摸传感器的输入装置和对输入装置的控制方法。
背景技术
近些年来,具有例如触摸屏、触摸开关等触摸传感器来接收用户的输入操作的例如操作单元、开关等输入装置已经广泛用于例如移动电话的移动终端、例如计算器和售票机的信息设备、例如微波炉、电视机的家用电器、以及照明设备、工业设备(FA设备)等。
已知存在各种类型的这种触摸传感器,例如电阻膜类型、电容类型和光学类型等。然而,这些类型的触摸传感器接收手指或触针笔的触摸输入,并且不同于下按式按钮开关,触摸传感器自身并不发生物理位移,即使在对触摸传感器进行触摸的情况下也是如此。
由于触摸传感器自身在被触摸时不发生物理位移,所以尽管触摸输入被接收,但是操作者不能获得输入的反馈。因此,操作者有可能多次触摸同一点而导致错误地输入,这可能给操作者带来压力。
对于防止这种错误输入的方法,已知存在在接收到触摸输入时用视觉或听觉来确认输入操作,例如通过产生声音或通过改变显示状态,例如在显示单元中用图形表示的例如输入按钮等的输入对象的颜色。
然而,在嘈杂的环境中这种听觉反馈可能难以确认,并且当设备用于静音模式时这种听觉反馈可能是不适用的。此外,在使用这种视觉反馈的过程中,当操作者通过手指输入时,如果在显示单元上显示的输入对象很小,操作者可能不能确定显示状态的改变,因为输入对象的视线被手指挡住了。
还提出了一种反馈方法,其不依赖于听觉或视觉,而是在触摸传感器接收到输入时通过使触摸传感器振动而在操作者的指尖处产生触感(例如,参见专利文献1和2)。相关的技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:公开号为2003-288158的日本专利
专利文献2:公开号为2008-130055的日本专利
发明内容
技术问题
然而,在上面文献1和2中公开的技术仅在触摸传感器接收到输入时使触摸传感器振动。在使用包括例如在触摸传感器上用图形表示的、具有接收输入的低阈值的机械下按按钮开关(下按式按钮开关)的按钮开关的输入装置时,当手指等轻触(碰触)触摸传感器时提供触感。可能通过响应操作者下按触摸传感器之前的不经意的动作(碰触)而触发错误的操作,并且使操作者对该不经意的动作(碰触)产生奇怪的感觉。这里,触摸传感器接收触摸输入的阈值是触摸传感器作出响应的阈值。例如,对于电阻膜类型的触摸传感器,该阈值是上导电薄膜接触下导电薄膜时的压力阈值,对于电容类型的触摸传感器,该阈值是通过接触检测到电信号的阈值。
为了去除这些缺点,申请人已经开发了一种输入装置,该输入装置检测触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷,并且当所检测的压力负荷达到提供触感的预定阈值时使触摸传感器的触摸面振动,从而向例如手指的按压对象提供触感。
根据该输入装置,当操作者下按触摸面并且压力负荷达到预定阈值时提供触感。因此,可允许操作者感知接收到输入而可靠地防止由上述不经意的碰触触发的错误操作并且不会有奇怪的感觉。
此外,除了例如触摸传感器和控制单元的基本部件之外,输入装置还需要检测触摸传感器上的压力负荷的负荷传感器和使触摸传感器振动的致动器。这导致部件的数量和成本增大,并且装置需要增大的空间以保留这些部件。因此,在输入装置的成本和减小尺寸方面,上述输入装置的实现还有改进空间。
考虑到这些问题,本发明的目的是提供被适当地配置为降低成本和减小尺寸的输入装置和输入装置的控制方法。
技术方案
为了实现上面的目的,根据本发明的第一方面的输入装置包括:
触摸传感器,被配置为检测触摸输入;
压电元件,安装在触摸传感器上;
控制单元,被配置为基于压电元件的输出检测触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷,并且当压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时驱动压电元件,从而向按压触摸面的对象提供触感。
根据本发明的第二方面是根据第一方面的输入装置,其中,压电元件的一端安装在触摸传感器上,其另一端悬空。
而且,为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的第三方面是对输入装置的控制方法,其中,输入装置包括:触摸传感器,被配置为检测触摸输入;压电元件,其一端安装在触摸传感器上,其另一端悬空,所述控制方法包括:基于压电元件的输出信号检测触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷,并且当检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时驱动压电元件,从而向按压触摸面的对象提供触感。
技术效果
根据本发明的输入装置利用压电元件的正压电效应和反压电效应,将压电元件用作检测触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷的负荷传感器和使触摸面振动的致动器,从而使一个部件具有多种功能。因而,可减少部件的数量和成本,并节约用于部件的空间来减小装置的尺寸。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的第一实施方式的输入装置的示意性配置的功能框图;
图2是图1所示的触摸传感器、压电元件和显示单元的示例性壳体结构的主要部分的截面视图和平面视图;以及
图3是图1所示的输入装置的示意性操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
将参照附图描述本发明的实施方式。
图1是根据本发明的第一实施方式的输入装置的示意性配置的功能框图。该输入装置具有触摸传感器11、压电元件12、显示单元13和用于控制每个单元的操作的控制单元14。
在控制单元14的控制下,触摸传感器11检测例如手指等的按压对象对触摸传感器11的触摸面的触摸输入,并且向控制单元14提供触摸位置的位置信息。触摸传感器11可以是例如电阻膜类型、电容类型、光学类型等的已知类型,并被设置在显示单元13上。
压电元件12安装在触摸传感器11上。在控制单元14的控制下,压电元件12以负荷检测模式被激活以通过利用正压电效应检测触摸传感器11的触摸面上的压力负荷,或者以触感提供模式被激活以通过利用反压电效应使触摸传感器11的触摸面振动。在负荷检测模式中,压电元件12向控制单元14提供与触摸传感器11的触摸面上的压力负荷相对应的输出信号。在触感提供模式中,压电元件12基于控制单元14提供的驱动信号使触摸传感器11的触摸面振动,从而向按压触摸面的按压对象提供与驱动信号相对应的预定触感。
在控制单元14的控制下,显示单元13显示例如下按按钮开关(下按式按钮开关)的输入按钮等输入对象,并且可由例如液晶显示屏、有机EL显示屏等构成。对显示在显示单元13上的输入对象的触摸输入可由控制单元14基于从触摸传感器11输出的位置信息检测到。
控制单元14可以是例如CPU等,并且基于来自触摸传感器11的位置信息、用于显示单元13的显示信息、以及与从处于负荷检测模式的压电元件12获得压力负荷相对应的输出信号等控制每个单元的操作。
图2示出了图1所示的触摸传感器11、压电元件12和显示单元13的示例性壳体结构;图2(a)是主要部分的截面视图;以及图2(b)是主要部分的平面视图。显示单元13包含在壳体21内。触摸传感器11通过由弹性构件制成的绝缘体22设置在显示单元13上。根据当前实施方式,触摸传感器11通过布置在图2(b)中的双点划线示出的显示单元13的显示区域A外的四角处的绝缘体22设置在显示单元13上。
壳体21设置有上盖23,上盖23覆盖触摸传感器11的在显示单元13的显示区域之外的表面区域。由弹性构件制成的用于防尘的绝缘体24布置在上盖23与触摸传感器11之间。
图2所示的触摸传感器11可包括例如具有触摸面11a且由透明膜或玻璃构成的表面构件以及由玻璃或丙基酰基构成的后表面构件。触摸传感器11被设计为当通过绝缘件24向下按压触摸面11a时,被按压部分根据该压力稍微变弯(变形),因而包括后表面构件在内的整个触摸传感器11稍微变弯。
每个压电元件12被设置在触摸传感器11的后表面上由上盖23覆盖且接近一边或多边(这里为三边)的位置处。这三个压电元件12并行连接到控制单元14。三个压电元件12中的每个均检测触摸传感器11的触摸面11a上的压力负荷,并且使触摸传感器11振动,从而向按压触摸面11a的按压对象提供触感。应注意到,在图2(b)中省略了图2(a)所示的壳体21、上盖23和绝缘体24。
图3是根据当前实施方式的输入装置的示意性操作的流程图。控制单元14恒定地将三个压电元件12设为负荷检测模式并且监测它们的输出信号(步骤S301)。此外,控制单元14监测触摸传感器11的输出,并且检测从触摸传感器11获得的例如手指等的按压对象(按压装置)的触摸输入的位置信息是否表示对与显示在显示单元13的输入对象相对应的位置的输入(步骤S302)。因此,当来自触摸传感器11的位置信息表示其是对与显示在显示单元13上的输入对象相对应的位置的输入时(在“是”的情况下),改变显示单元13上的输入对象的例如颜色等显示状态(步骤S303)。
而且,控制单元14基于压电元件12的输出计算触摸传感器11上的压力负荷,并且确定该压力负荷是否满足提供触感的标准(例如,1N)(步骤S304)。当检测到压力负荷满足标准(在“是”的情况下)时,控制单元14将三个压电元件12从负荷检测模式切换到触感提供模式(步骤S305)。然后,控制单元14通过向三个压电元件12提供对应的预定驱动信号来驱动这三个压电元件12。因此,触摸传感器11振动并且向触摸触摸面11a的按压对象提供触感(步骤S306)。然后,控制单元14将三个压电元件12切回到负荷检测模式(步骤S307)并且计算触摸传感器11上的压力负荷。
优选地,在步骤S304,基于三个压电元件12的输出计算压力负荷,以使得当操作者在触摸面11a的每个位置处感到几乎相同的压感(硬感觉、软感觉等)时,获得几乎相同的计算结果。因此,控制单元14基于例如三个压电元件的输出的平均值、加权附加值等,计算压力负荷。类似地,在步骤S306,向三个压电元件12提供的各自的驱动信号以使得操作者优选地在触摸面11a的每个位置处获得几乎相同的压感和几乎相同的触感(质感等)。因此,控制单元14根据触摸面11a上的地点和位置适当地改变幅值和相位等,从而提供压感和触摸感组合的几乎相同的触感。
此外,在步骤S304,提供触感的压力负荷标准可根据按压时期望的下按按钮开关的负荷特征适当地设置。例如,可将标准设为等于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应时的负荷(使提供触感的时间与触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应的时间同步)、或大于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应时的负荷(将提供触摸的时间设为晚于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应的时间)。例如,当将根据当前实施方式的输入装置应用于移动终端时,将该标准设为等于或大于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应时的负荷(将提供触感的时间设为晚于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应的时间)是优选的。优选地,用户可根据需要设置标准,使得年长的用户可将其设得较重(较晚),而经常写信息的用户可将其设得较轻(较快)。
此外,在步骤S306提供的触感可基于应用于压电元件12的驱动信号而适当地确定。例如,为了提供在按压移动终端采用的下按按钮开关时获得的点击感觉“Cli”,控制单元14按如下步骤驱动压电元件12。也就是说,在应用了满足上述标准的压力负荷之后,将例如1个周期的具有诸如100Hz到200Hz优选地170Hz的恒定频率的正弦波的驱动信号应用到压电元件12,使得当将满足标准的压力负荷应用于触摸面11a时触摸面11a振动大约15μm。由此,可通过由按压触摸传感器11的触摸面11a的按压对象(按压装置)向操作者提供实际的点击感觉而允许操作者认识到输入操作已完成。类似地,为了提供比点击感觉“Cli”更硬的另一点击感觉“Click”,控制单元14将例如1个周期的具有诸如200Hz到500Hz的恒定频率的正弦波的驱动信号应用于压电元件12。
如上所述,直到基于压电元件12的输出计算出的施加至触摸传感器11的负荷满足提供触感的标准(例如,1N),控制单元14才驱动压电元件12。由此,模拟操作者的触感。然后,当检测到的负荷满足标准时,控制单元14用预定的驱动信号驱动压电元件12,并使触摸面11a振动。由此,通过模拟操作者的触感向操作者提供点击感觉使得操作者认识到输入操作已完成。由此,即使例如下按按钮开关(下按式按钮开关)的按钮开关的图形显示在触摸传感器上,操作者通过触摸传感器11执行输入也可感觉到类似于操作下按按钮开关时获得的点击感觉的实际点击感觉。因而,操作者不会有奇怪的感觉。而且,由于操作者执行输入操作并感知到“已经按下”触摸传感器11,因此防止了由单纯的轻击导致的错误输入。
此外,当将提供触感的压力负荷的标准设为高于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应时的负荷(将提供触感的时间设为晚于触摸传感器11对触摸输入作出响应的时间)时,控制单元14根据对触摸面11a的触摸操作确定输入位置并且改变显示单元13的相应部分处的输入对象的状态。然后,当基于来自压电元件12的输出检测到的触摸面11a上的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时,控制单元14驱动压电元件12提供触感,而且通过确认输入位置执行预定的操作(例如,执行和处理与对象相对应的程序)。在这种情况下,操作者通过看到显示在显示单元13上的输入对象的显示状态的改变而确认选择了输入对象。而且,由于在按压触摸面11a时向操作者提供点击感觉,因此操作者认识到确定(执行)了所选择的输入对象。由此,防止了由所谓的游走的手指造成的错误输入。
在提供如上所述下按按钮开关的点击感觉的过程中,在步骤S307将三个压电元件12切回负荷检测模式之后,当在释放过程中压力负荷不满足标准时,控制单元14将三个压电元件12切换到触感提供模式。然后,与按压时的情况相同,控制单元14用驱动信号驱动三个压电元件12,从而提供如上所述的点击感觉(此时为释放感觉)。因而,能提供在按压时提供感觉“Cli”和在释放时提供感觉“CK”的更实际的点击感觉。应该理解,提供释放感觉的驱动信号没有必要与用于点击感觉的驱动信号相同。
这里,尽管可将提供释放感觉的负荷标准与如上所述提供点击感觉的标准设成一样,但是将提供释放感觉的负荷标准设为比按压时提供点击感觉的负荷标准低50-80%是优选的。因此,当对相同位置(输入对象)进行连续输入(轻击)时使提供触感的时间与连续的输入的时间同步,从而提供实际点击感觉而不会有奇怪的感觉。也就是说,将释放时提供触感的负荷标准设成小于按压时提供触感的负荷标准能够防止奇怪的感觉。此外,将释放时提供触感的负荷标准设为按压时提供触感的负荷标准的约50%或更大有助于显著提高连续输入的操作性。而且,将释放时提供触感的负荷标准设为按压时提供触感的负荷标准的约80%或更小能够处理连续输入的保持状态中的微弱的负荷变化。
此外,压电元件12不仅提供点击感觉,还通过改变驱动信号提供各种触感。例如,为了提供感知为“跳动”感觉和“胶状”感觉的软触感,应用2或3个周期的驱动信号,例如具有近似200Hz到500Hz频率的正弦波。可选地,为了提供“振动”感觉,应用4或更多个周期的驱动信号,例如具有近似200Hz到500Hz频率的正弦波。优选地,将与提供这些各种触感的驱动信号有关的信息存储在存储单元(未示出)中,使得用户可任意地设置驱动信号以提供期望的触感。在本说明书中描述的触感“Cli”、“CK”、“Click”、“跳动”感觉、“胶状”感觉和“振动”感觉都是用日语描述的由操作者得到的感觉。提供实际触感的驱动信号的实施例如上所述。
根据当前实施方式的输入装置,由于压电元件12用作多种功能,即用作检测触摸传感器11的触摸面11a上的压力负荷的负荷传感器和用作使触摸面11a振动的致动器,因此减少了部件的数量和成本。此外,部件数量的减少节省了用于部件的空间,从而导致装置尺寸的减小。
应理解,本发明不限于如上所述的实施方式,并且可在本发明的精神范围内进行各种改变。例如,可提供任意数量的压电元件12来取代三个压电元件。此外,基于触摸传感器11的尺寸、振幅等,压电元件12可具有已知的配置,例如,单晶、单层、双层和叠层类型。
本发明有效地适用于包括触摸传感器作为用于开/关操作的触摸开关的输入装置。而且,根据本发明的输入装置能够在触摸传感器被按压时通过连续提供多种标准(负荷)的点击感觉来提供多步开关(在按压之后进一步按压)的感觉。因而,如果将输入装置应用于例如照相机的释放按钮,那么会提供焦距锁定的感觉(第一步)和释放感觉(第二步)。此外,在与显示单元组合时,输入装置根据按压步骤以各种方式改变菜单屏幕等的显示。而且,当提供多步开关的感觉时,可在每步改变使触摸面振动的驱动信号以在每步提供不同的点击感觉。
根据本发明,当基于压电元件的输出检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准,根据本发明的输入装置驱动压电元件。这里,“当基于压电元件的输出检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时”可包括“当检测到的压力负荷达到提供触感的标准值时”、“当检测到的压力负荷超过提供触感的标准值”或“当基于压电元件的输出检测到提供触感的标准值时”。
参考标记列表
11触摸传感器
11a触摸面
12压电元件
13显示单元
14控制单元
21壳体
22绝缘体
23上盖
24绝缘体
Claims (3)
1.一种输入装置,包括:
触摸传感器,被配置为检测触摸输入;
压电元件,安装在所述触摸传感器上;以及
控制单元,被配置为基于所述压电元件的输出信号检测所述触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷,并且当检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时驱动所述压电元件,从而向按压所述触摸面的对象提供触感。
2.如权利要求1所述的输入装置,其中
所述压电元件的一端安装在触摸传感器上,其另一端悬空。
3.输入装置的控制方法,其中所述输入装置包括:
触摸传感器,被配置为检测触摸输入;以及
压电元件,安装在所述触摸传感器上,
所述控制方法包括:
基于所述压电元件的输出信号检测所述触摸传感器的触摸面上的压力负荷,并且当检测到的压力负荷满足提供触感的标准时驱动所述压电元件,从而向按压所述触摸面的对象提供触感。
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PCT/JP2010/005277 WO2011024462A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-26 | 入力装置および入力装置の制御方法 |
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US10203755B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
US20120154317A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
JP2011048671A (ja) | 2011-03-10 |
EP2472369A4 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
US20190138100A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
EP2472369A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
WO2011024462A1 (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
KR20120047982A (ko) | 2012-05-14 |
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