CN102494815B - Different material interface test device under uniformly distributed load and photoelastic test method - Google Patents
Different material interface test device under uniformly distributed load and photoelastic test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102494815B CN102494815B CN 201110348737 CN201110348737A CN102494815B CN 102494815 B CN102494815 B CN 102494815B CN 201110348737 CN201110348737 CN 201110348737 CN 201110348737 A CN201110348737 A CN 201110348737A CN 102494815 B CN102494815 B CN 102494815B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a different material interface test device under a uniformly distributed load and a photoelastic test method. The test device comprises a test platform, a model box device and a loading system, wherein the model box device is arranged on the test platform; both the model box device and the test platform are horizontally arranged; and the loading system is arranged at the upper part of the test platform and used for loading the uniformly distributed load to the model box device. The photoelastic test method comprises the steps of: building and adjusting the model test platform by adopting the different material interface test device according to test requirements, processing a model material, arranging and adjusting the test model box device after a cross cursor is arranged, selecting and adjusting the load loading system, and carrying out post-treatment on the test data by combining with reference ratio basis points through a non-contact photoelectric data collection system. According to the different material interface test device and the photoelastic test method disclosed by the invention, stress transmission and deformation data inside the model material, especially two different material side interferences, can be obtained in real time; and accurate test data can be provided for theoretical and practical engineering researches. The different material interface test device has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, strong repeatability, accurate data and good test effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ground and foundation works experimental study field, be specifically related to simulation in the transport mechanism of the following interlayer extra-stress of difference property of soil mass material evenly load and a kind of photoelastic model test unit and the method for deformation analysis.
Background technology
According to State Council's Mid-term and Long-term Plan of the Railway Network, to build " four vertical four horizontal strokes " railway Planning of Express Passenger Corridor and Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta Region, three intercity passenger-traffic systems of Delta of Pearl River to the year two thousand twenty China railways, build more than Line for Passenger Transportation 1.6 ten thousand km.In addition, for promoting the railway freight movement capacity, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China has realized china railway 2.8 ten thousand km heavy haul transport networks.Speed-raising, at a high speed and heavy duty become the new feature of China railways traffic and listed among the China railways development plan as national significant development strategy, and in these engineerings, will face the weak foundation soil problem greatly.Show by the research work to existing railway operation situation: the circuit running status that the non-uniform settling of soft foundation soil layer character Sudden change region roadbed causes worsens the phenomenon ubiquity.The control of settlement of subgrade has been become key problem and the difficult point of railway construction in China.
How calculating more accurately settlement of foundation (especially non-uniform settling) is problem in the urgent need to address in ground and the foundation works, and the computational problem of extra-stress is one of key issue of settlement of foundation calculating in the ground.Only be well understood to distribution situation and the transport mechanism of extra-stress in the ground, just might carry out more exactly settlement of foundation and calculate.
As the foundation soil body medium, both had on the one hand successional feature; The prose style free from parallelism feature that also has on the other hand particulate material.Continuity Characteristics and prose style free from parallelism feature can be changed under certain condition mutually, but mechanism is extremely complicated.Existing ground extra-stress and settlement calculation theory are based on relatively many to the horizontal slice case study of theory of continuous medium mechanics, but in conjunction with particulate material bulk solid theory of mechanics to the different structure thing, different ground processing form, extra-stress at vertical contact bed under the conditions such as different ground character distributes and the transmission situation, settlement of foundation (distortion) calculates rarely has research, especially the mechanical mechanism for the uneven settlement of foundation under embankment loading is short in understanding, present stage qualitatively understanding only arranged, so there is no extra-stress and the settlement calculation method of settlement of subgrade.Therefore, for foundation soil body vertical contact bed extra-stress transport mechanism and rule under the research evenly load, new test unit and method have been designed according to the needs of Practical Project.
Summary of the invention
For satisfying the testing requirements of extra-stress transport mechanism and rule between different load different materials, the invention provides difference material interface test unit and photoelastic test method under a kind of evenly load, it carries out the synchro measure of stress and displacement by photoelastic test.
For reaching above purpose, solution of the present invention is:
Difference material interface test unit under a kind of evenly load, it comprises test platform, model casing device and loading system, model casing is installed on test platform, and model casing device and test platform are horizontal positioned, and loading system is installed on test platform top the model casing device is added the unloading evenly load.
Described test platform comprises base platform, footstock platform and studdle, and base platform and footstock platform be arranged in parallel, and connect by studdle; Be equipped with leveling leveling bubble device on base platform and the footstock platform, and overlap with leveling leveling bubble device on the test base platform after the downward projection of leveling leveling bubble device on the test footstock platform.
Described loading system comprises live loaded device and load means, the live loaded device comprises that the Load Transfer rod guidance transmits bar to sleeve pipe, Load Transfer guide rod, guide rod footstock, some contact load, the Load Transfer rod guidance is fixed in the top of test platform to sleeve pipe, the Load Transfer bar passes the Load Transfer rod guidance to sleeve pipe, and Load Transfer bar and Load Transfer rod guidance contact SDeflector to being embedded with between the sleeve pipe; One end of Load Transfer bar links to each other with the guide rod footstock, and the other end transmits bar with a contact load and links to each other; Load means comprises and adds continuously the unloading load means and wait the discontinuous unloading load means that adds of load, adds unloading by the guide rod footstock.
Described guide rod footstock is provided with the soft cushion layer, and the soft cushion layer is provided with the leveling bed course and supports footstock, and the center of the mid point of two guide rod footstock lines of centres and soft cushion layer support footstock, these three points of center of soft cushion layer are on the same vertical curve.
Described live loaded device is 2 covers.
Described model casing device comprise test model case apparatus base, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel, in fixingly can have an X-rayed dividing plate, front detachable perspective panel and cast material, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel and be fixed on the test model case apparatus base, fixingly during its place ahead is fixedly connected with successively by web member can have an X-rayed panel, front detachable perspective panel component model case; Be provided with leveling leveling bubble device near front detachable perspective panel place on the test model case apparatus base; Cast material places in this model casing, lay evenly load fine grained bed course on the cast material, evenly load fine grained bed course is provided with lower homogenizing load hard stick, and lower homogenizing load hard stick is provided with homogenizing load hard stick, and the center of cast material is provided with tracking cross; Four angle points of front detachable perspective panel are provided with reference to the ratio basic point.
Described cast material comprises rectangle or hexagon material.
A kind of photoelastic test method adopts said apparatus, and it may further comprise the steps:
1) cast material of different nature is arranged tracking cross, according to the spacing of testing requirements test platform is built between the forward and backward polariscope of photoelastic tester, and with the test platform leveling;
2) make up the model casing device, the cast material of different nature that satisfies testing requirements processing is placed in the model casing device, fine setting model casing device is positioned on the level reference itself and test platform;
3) select to add unloading type and value according to testing requirements, guide rod footstock radius size and thickness, point or rectangular load and size are installed on test platform top with the live loaded device of loading system;
4) determine to add unloading type and value and with the way of contact and the contact position of cast material, with Pass Test require add the unloading type and value puts on the live loaded device;
5) by non-contact optoelectronic equipment acquisition test data, cast material is subjected to be out of shape behind the load in the process of the test by the cast material cursor is read, the deflection situation, and converses processing and the analysis that actual conditions are carried out the follow-up test data by reference ratio basic point.
Further, if need research different the cast material way of contact and contact position, add unloading type and value to the impact of test findings, repeating step 3)-5).
Described cast material is photoelastic material, requires to select according to different tests, according to the different soil mass property of size simulation, after it is die-cut according to the test dimensional requirement, guarantees its clean state and arranges tracking cross in the observation one side.
The Treatment Analysis of described step 5) refers to when image analysis, by displacement size and the corner size of observation tracking cross, converses the stress and strain value size of cast material reality.
Owing to adopted such scheme, the present invention has following characteristics: but Real-time Obtaining is at Uniform Load drag material internal especially stress transmission and the deformation data of two difference material boundary faces, for corresponding theory and practice engineering research provides accurately test figure, this test system architecture is simple, easy operating, repeatability is strong, and data are accurate, and test effect is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of test platform and loading system among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section along A-A profile line among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic cross-section along B-B profile line among Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 be among the present invention two kinds add the structural representation that unloads load means.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of model casing device among the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section along C-C profile line among Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic cross-section along D-D profile line among Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is the workflow synoptic diagram of photoelastic test of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Test unit of the present invention comprises test platform, loading system and model casing device as shown in Figure 1, and the model casing device is positioned on the test platform; Loading system places test platform top, and the model casing device is vertically exerted pressure.
Wherein, test platform comprises test base platform 1, test studdle 2, hold-down nut 3, test footstock platform 4, leveling leveling bubble device 5, as described in Fig. 1-4, test studdle 2 penetrates respectively test base platform 1 and test footstock platform 4, test base platform 1 is parallel with test footstock platform 4, respectively test base platform 1 is fixed connection with being connected studdle 2, test footstock platform 1 and being connected studdle 2 by hold-down nut 3; Be respectively equipped with leveling leveling bubble device 5 on test footstock platform 4 and the test base platform 1, and overlap with leveling leveling bubble device 5 on the bottom test base platform 1 after the leveling leveling bubble device 5 downward projections on the test footstock platform 4, by observing leveling leveling bubble device 5 and regulating hold-down nut 3, can guarantee that test platform is in horizontality, thereby guarantee that the model casing device on the test platform also is in horizontality, loading system then is in plumbness.
Loading system comprise the Load Transfer rod guidance to sleeve pipe 6, some contact SDeflector 7, Load Transfer guide rod 8, guide rod footstock 9, coupling bolt 10, soft cushion layer 11, leveling bed course support footstock 12, some contact load transmit bar 13, upper homogenizing load hard stick 14, lower homogenizing load hard stick 15, evenly load fine grained bed course 16, continuously add unloading load means 17 and etc. the discontinuous unloading load means 18 that adds of load.Shown in Fig. 1-5, the Load Transfer rod guidance passes test footstock platform 4 to sleeve pipe 6, and vertical with test footstock platform 4 and be fixedly connected with; Load Transfer guide rod 8 passes the Load Transfer rod guidance to sleeve pipe 6, and Load Transfer guide rod 8 and Load Transfer rod guidance are to being embedded with a contact SDeflector 7 between the sleeve pipe 6, the effect of some contact SDeflector 7 is when guaranteeing that Load Transfer guide rod 8 moves down, touch a contact SDeflector 7, driving some contact SDeflector 7 occurs to rotate synchronously, and directly with the Load Transfer rod guidance to sleeve pipe 6 interior wall frictions, be not subject to the making progress impact of frictional resistance of the Load Transfer guide rod 8 of guaranteeing to be applied in load.Load Transfer guide rod 8 one ends link to each other with guide rod footstock 9 by coupling bolt 10, and the some contact load that the other end contacts with simulation points transmits bar 13 and is fixedly connected with.Guide rod footstock 9 is mainly to adding continuously unloading load means 17 or waiting load discontinuous adding to unload load means 18 stable support platform is provided.Load Transfer guide rod 8 can be selected its quantity according to demand, selects in the present embodiment 2 Load Transfer guide rods 8.Soft cushion layer 11 is laid on two guide rod footstock 9 tops, and both are fixedly connected with; Soft cushion layer 11 tops are laid the leveling bed course and are supported footstock 12, and both are fixedly connected with; These three points of center of the center of the mid point of two guide rod footstock 9 lines of centres of assurance and soft cushion layer support footstock 12, soft cushion layer 11 are on the same vertical curve during installation; When guaranteeing load application, cast material 25 can bear evenly load, evenly lay evenly load fine grained bed course 16 at cast material 25 of different nature, lower homogenizing load hard stick 15 is installed on evenly load fine grained bed course 16 tops, install homogenizing load hard stick 14 on lower homogenizing load hard stick 15 tops, the load that applies at guide rod footstock 9 is delivered to two Load Transfer guide rods 8 synchronously, after the some contact load transmits bar 13, again by upper homogenizing load hard stick 14, lower homogenizing load hard stick 15 and evenly load fine grained bed course 16 with the load stepless action to cast material 25 of different nature.Guide rod footstock 9 by will add continuously unloading load means 17 and wait load discontinuous add operation that unloading load means 18 places and take off at guide rod footstock 9 simulate respectively add continuously unloading and etc. the discontinuous Load-unload load of load.
The model casing device comprise test model case apparatus base 19, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel 20, in fixingly can have an X-rayed dividing plate 21, leveling leveling bubble device 5, front detachable perspective panel 22, long coupling bolt 23, with reference to the tracking cross 26 of ratio basic point 24, cast material 25, cast material particle.Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 6-8, fixing can have an X-rayed panel 20 and be fixedly connected with test model case apparatus base 19 afterwards; Front detachable perspective panel 22 with in fixingly can have an X-rayed dividing plate 21, rear fixing can be had an X-rayed panel 20 and be connected by long coupling bolt, in fixing dividing plate 21 levels of can having an X-rayed be close to respectively front detachable perspective panel 22 to the side, fixingly can have an X-rayed panel 20 afterwards, and in fixingly can have an X-rayed dividing plate 21 bottoms and be close to test model case apparatus base 19; Be arranged near 22 4 angle points of front detachable perspective panel with reference to ratio basic point 24; Cast material 25 of different nature can rectangle or the hexagon material consist of, cast material 25 centers arrange tracking cross 26; Cast material 25 be positioned over by test model case apparatus base 19, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel 20, in fixingly can have an X-rayed the model casing inside that dividing plate 21 and front detachable perspective panel 22 form; Be provided with leveling leveling bubble device 5 at the test model case apparatus base 19 near front detachable perspective panel 22.
The vertical equipment of existing photoelastic test comprises reflective mirror, light source, quasi-optical mirror, polarizer, quarter wave plate, model, quarter wave plate, analyzer, the standard device such as imaging len and screen forms, because the part of the model equipment in the existing photoelastic test can not satisfy Real-time Obtaining cast material inside especially the stress transmission of two difference material boundary faces and the requirement of deformation data, test unit of the present invention can replace the model equipment part in the existing photoelastic test, and by the reflective mirror in the existing photoelastic test, light source, quasi-optical mirror, polarizer, quarter wave plate, analyzer, the existing standard device such as imaging len and screen cooperates finishes test.
Fig. 9 is the workflow of the photoelastic test of above-mentioned testing system apparatus, adopts above-mentioned pilot system to the test method of difference material boundary face stress and deformation under the evenly load to be:
But this test unit Real-time Obtaining evenly load form, under the different load levels, extra-stress field in the contact bed scope of difference material under the parameters such as various boundary (continuous medium material with not on the same group structure, shape granular material) and the data of displacement field are analyzed data accurately for the mechanism of extra-stress transmission provides with calculating and the calculating of further settlement of foundation.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art.The person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art are according to announcement of the present invention, and not breaking away from the improvement that category of the present invention makes and revise all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. difference material interface test unit under the evenly load, it is characterized in that: it comprises test platform, model casing device and loading system, model casing is installed on test platform, and model casing device and test platform are horizontal positioned, and loading system is installed on test platform top the model casing device is added the unloading evenly load;
Described test platform comprises base platform, footstock platform and studdle, and base platform and footstock platform be arranged in parallel, and connect by studdle; Be equipped with leveling leveling bubble device on base platform and the footstock platform, and overlap with leveling leveling bubble device on the test base platform after the downward projection of leveling leveling bubble device on the test footstock platform;
Described loading system comprises live loaded device and load means, the live loaded device comprises that the Load Transfer rod guidance transmits bar to sleeve pipe, Load Transfer bar, guide rod footstock, some contact load, the Load Transfer rod guidance is fixed in the top of test platform to sleeve pipe, the Load Transfer bar passes the Load Transfer rod guidance to sleeve pipe, and Load Transfer bar and Load Transfer rod guidance contact SDeflector to being embedded with between the sleeve pipe; One end of Load Transfer bar links to each other with the guide rod footstock, and the other end transmits bar with a contact load and links to each other; Load means comprises and adds continuously the unloading load means and wait the discontinuous unloading load means that adds of load, adds unloading by the guide rod footstock;
Described model casing device comprise test model case apparatus base, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel, in fixingly can have an X-rayed panel, front detachable perspective panel and cast material, rear fixing can have an X-rayed panel and be fixed on the test model case apparatus base, fixingly during its place ahead is fixedly connected with successively by web member can have an X-rayed panel, front detachable perspective panel component model case; Be provided with leveling leveling bubble device near front detachable perspective panel place on the test model case apparatus base; Cast material places in this model casing, lay evenly load fine grained bed course on the cast material, evenly load fine grained bed course is provided with lower homogenizing load hard stick, and lower homogenizing load hard stick is provided with homogenizing load hard stick, and the center of cast material is provided with tracking cross; Four angle points of front detachable perspective panel are provided with reference to the ratio basic point.
2. difference material interface test unit under the evenly load as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described guide rod footstock is provided with the soft cushion layer, the soft cushion layer is provided with the leveling bed course and supports footstock, and the center of the mid point of two guide rod footstock lines of centres and soft cushion layer support footstock, these three points of center of soft cushion layer are on the same vertical curve.
3. difference material interface test unit under the evenly load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described live loaded device is 2 covers.
4. difference material interface test unit under the evenly load as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cast material comprises rectangle or hexagon material.
5. a photoelastic test method adopts each described device of claim 1-4, and it may further comprise the steps:
1) cast material of different nature is arranged tracking cross, according to the spacing of testing requirements test platform is built between the forward and backward polariscope of photoelastic tester, and with the test platform leveling;
2) make up the model casing device, the cast material of different nature that satisfies testing requirements processing is placed in the model casing device, fine setting model casing device is positioned on the level reference itself and test platform;
3) select to add unloading type and value according to testing requirements, guide rod footstock radius size and thickness, evenly load adds unloading manner and size, and the live loaded device of loading system is installed on test platform top;
4) determine to add unloading type and value and with the way of contact and the contact position of cast material, with Pass Test require add the unloading type and value puts on the live loaded device;
5) by non-contact optoelectronic equipment acquisition test data, cast material is subjected to be out of shape behind the load in the process of the test by the cast material cursor is read, the deflection situation, and converses processing and the analysis that actual conditions are carried out the follow-up test data by reference ratio basic point.
6. photoelastic test method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: if need research different the cast material way of contact and contact position, add unloading type and value to the impact of test findings, repeating step 3)-5).
7. photoelastic test method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described cast material is photoelastic material, require selected according to different tests, according to the different soil mass property of size simulation, after it is die-cut according to the test dimensional requirement, guarantees its clean state and arrange tracking cross in the observation one side.
8. photoelastic test method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the Treatment Analysis of described step 5) refers to that when image analysis by displacement size and the corner size of observation tracking cross, the stress and strain value that converses cast material reality is big or small.
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CN104316458A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-28 | 中山大学 | Novel testing method for friction coefficient of circular disc shaped photoelastic particles |
CN104748957A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-01 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Stress deformation testing platform special for server cabinets |
CN106959177B (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2019-04-02 | 清华大学 | Harmonic gear teeth friction testing system and method based on photoelastic coating method |
CN108036882B (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2022-07-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Photoelastic experimental device for observing stress of top coal caving mining |
CN110907621A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-24 | 广东工业大学 | Visual foundation load experimental apparatus |
CN111060401B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-10-30 | 西南石油大学 | Method for selecting fractured stratum plugging material based on photoelastic experiment method |
CN113447173B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 东北石油大学 | Method for directly measuring stress of coiled tubing with arc defects in photoelastic experiment |
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CN1084966A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | 宁夏回族自治区建筑工程研究所 | Directly measure the method and apparatus of bonding mortar strength |
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CN1084966A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | 宁夏回族自治区建筑工程研究所 | Directly measure the method and apparatus of bonding mortar strength |
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