CN113776965B - Simulation test device and method for change rule of culvert soil arch under load effect - Google Patents
Simulation test device and method for change rule of culvert soil arch under load effect Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HXJLNZAWZFZUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical group C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C1C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1 HXJLNZAWZFZUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test device and a simulation test method for a change rule of a culvert soil arch under the action of load, wherein the simulation test device comprises a vibration table, a stuffing box, a dynamic loading device, a movable block, an PIV device, a simulation culvert and a plurality of lifting rods; the movable block and the simulated culvert are respectively arranged at the inner bottom of the stuffing box through lifting rods which are independently controlled, the stuffing box consists of a box body framework, a bottom plate, two movable side plates and two fixed side plates, a weighing sensor is arranged at the top of each movable block and the top of the simulated culvert, and the movable loading device is used for applying a movable load for back and forth movement to the soil vault part; at least one side surface of the stuffing box is a transparent PIV observation surface, and the PIV device is arranged on one side of the PIV observation surface and is used for observing the whole process of soil arch evolution in the stuffing box in the test process. According to the invention, by combining the weighing sensor with the PIV device, the research on the evolution process of the vertical soil arch at the culvert top can be realized, and the accurate data of the deformation and the stress of the whole soil arch evolution process can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical experiments, relates to simulation tests of various working conditions such as uneven settlement of inner and outer soil columns of a culvert, uneven settlement of a culvert foundation, and the like when dynamic load and earthquake load act simultaneously, and particularly relates to a simulation test device and a simulation test method for a change rule of a culvert soil arch under the action of load, which are used for exploring the change rule of the soil arch and the change rule of culvert top soil pressure when the inner and outer soil columns are unevenly settled under the action of different external loads.
Background
The earth arch effect is a load migration phenomenon in geotechnical engineering, and the load is concentrated to a rigid boundary by the exertion of shear stress, and differential deformation is a main cause of induced shear stress. Taking a culvert as an example, due to different rigidities of the culvert and surrounding soil, under the action of self weight of filled soil and overlying load, the settlement of the filled soil of an inner soil column above the culvert is smaller than that of an outer soil column, and a settlement difference is formed at the top of the culvert, so that the upper load is redistributed between the top of the culvert and the soil outside the culvert, and more load is transmitted to the top of the culvert. The current culvert model experimental device can not enable the change of the soil arch to be visualized, and the soil arch can not be displayed more intuitively in front of us. Most of the current researches on the soil arches are to study the soil arches through numerical simulation or two-dimensional movable doors, but the conclusion obtained through the numerical simulation is too ideal, and certain access exists between the conclusion and the actual situation, the two-dimensional movable door device can only observe the damage condition of one surface, and the actual life is three-dimensional, so the two-dimensional movable door device cannot realize complete simulation, and a specific experimental device is lacked to study all aspects of the culvert. For the uneven settlement of the inner and outer soil columns of the culvert and the uneven settlement of the foundation of the culvert, the combined action of working conditions such as eccentricity and the like and external loads such as dynamic loads and seismic loads and the like on the boundaries of the two sides of the culvert can be basically researched only through large-scale model experiments, so that a great deal of manpower and energy are required to be consumed for experimental preparation, and the influence of many human and uncontrollable factors exists in the experiments, so that the finally obtained conclusion is not ideal. And experiments under the same working condition cannot be rapidly carried out for multiple times, so that the conclusion is more reliable. At present, the research on the soil pressure of the culvert roof is mainly to lay soil pressure boxes on the culvert roof, and the soil pressure boxes are arranged as much as possible, but the concrete distribution of the soil pressure of the culvert roof cannot be truly and accurately reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that uneven settlement of inner and outer soil columns of a culvert is caused by controlling settlement of small movable blocks around the culvert under the action of external load, the real-time evolution rule of soil arches in the uneven settlement process of the inner and outer soil columns of the culvert is realized through a PIV device, the magnitude of the distribution of the culvert top soil pressure is directly obtained through a BPMS film, the influence of the change of the eccentricity of the culvert in a gully on the culvert top soil pressure is researched by changing the inclination angles of two side walls and the ratio of the culvert to two side boundaries, and the influence of uneven settlement of a base on the stress of the culvert can be simulated through uneven settlement of left and right sides of the culvert and culvert top fillers. By the method, visualization study of the culvert is realized.
The bottom of the stuffing box consists of a plurality of movable blocks which can be disassembled and assembled and a movable block which simulates a culvert, the left side and the right side of the stuffing box consist of two rotatable side plates, and the front side and the rear side of the stuffing box are transparent toughened glass. The movable block can be disassembled to realize free assembly, can develop culvert experiments with symmetrical and asymmetrical stress, is composed of steel plates around the movable block simulating the culvert, and is composed of film pressure sensors (BPMS films) on the top surface, so that the distribution of soil pressure at the top of the culvert can be directly measured. The PIV device mainly comprises a black card digital camera, wherein the black card digital camera is arranged on the front side of a box body framework, a picture of the change of filler displacement in the experimental process is taken, particle displacement vectors are tracked by adopting PIV technology, particle displacement distribution, density distribution and shearing slip planes are obtained by adopting image processing software for processing, section deformation characteristics are intuitively judged, and accurate data of soil arch evolution overall process deformation and stress can be obtained. The whole system can realize the research on the evolution process of the vertical soil arch at the culvert top, is particularly suitable for the uneven settlement of the inner and outer soil columns of the culvert, the uneven settlement of the foundation of the culvert, and the simulation of the evolution rule of the soil arch and the migration of the load at the culvert top when the working conditions such as eccentricity and the like exist on the boundaries of the two sides of the culvert and the like are combined with the external loads such as dynamic loads and earthquake loads and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the test device proposal as follows:
the utility model provides a simulation test device of culvert soil arch change law under load effect which characterized in that: comprises a vibrating table, a stuffing box, a dynamic loading device, a movable block, an PIV device, a simulated culvert and a plurality of lifting rods;
the stuffing box is arranged on the vibration table, and earthquake is simulated through the vibration table;
the movable blocks and the simulated culverts are respectively arranged at the inner bottom of the stuffing box through lifting rods which are independently controlled, a weighing sensor is arranged at the top of each movable block and the top of each simulated culvert, all the movable blocks and the top of each simulated culvert form a bottom surface together, the stuffing box above the bottom surface is filled with stuffing containing tracer particles to form a culvert soil arch, and soil settlement around each simulated culvert can be simulated by adjusting the height of the lifting rods;
the dynamic load device is used for applying dynamic load of back and forth movement to the soil vault part;
at least one side surface of the stuffing box is a transparent PIV observation surface, and the PIV device is arranged on one side of the PIV observation surface and is used for observing the whole process of soil arch evolution in the stuffing box in the test process.
Further, the stuffing box is composed of a box framework, a bottom plate and four side plates, wherein the bottom plate is arranged on the vibrating table, the box framework is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the four side plates comprise a left movable side plate, a right movable side plate and a front fixed side plate and a rear fixed side plate, at least one fixed side plate is a transparent plate, the four side plates together form a space for forming a soil arch, and the soil arch shape is adjusted by setting different inclination angles on the movable side plates.
Further, the box body framework comprises two trapezoid frames which are identical in shape and are arranged in parallel and a cross beam for connecting the two trapezoid frames, the trapezoid frames are reversely buckled on the bottom plate, and the long sides of the trapezoid frames form a top longitudinal beam of the box body framework; the middle of the two trapezoid frames is provided with fixed side plates which respectively form the front side surface and the rear side surface of the stuffing box, the lower ends of the movable side plates are connected with the bottom plate through rotating hinges, and the upper ends of the movable side plates are movably arranged on the top longitudinal beams of the box body framework.
Further, a plurality of clamping grooves used for fixing the upper ends of the movable side plates are formed in the top longitudinal beam, and the upper ends of the movable side plates are fixed through selecting different clamping grooves to adjust the inclination angle of the movable side plates.
Further, move and carry device including bracing piece, loading pole and drive arrangement, the bracing piece both ends are installed on the top longeron of box skeleton through guide rail slider structure, drive arrangement is used for driving the bracing piece and reciprocates along top longeron direction, the loading pole is fixed in the bracing piece bottom, the loading pole lower extreme is equipped with the pressure head that is used for contacting soil vault portion and applys the load.
Further, a track groove is formed in the outer side of the top longitudinal beam, two ends of the supporting rod are installed in the track groove through travelling wheels, and the driving device is a motor which is in power connection with at least one travelling wheel.
Further, the loading rod is a hydraulic rod, the dynamic load device further comprises an oil pump matched with the hydraulic rod, and the loading rod is provided with a displacement sensor for measuring loading displacement and a load sensor for measuring loading load.
Further, the dynamic load device further comprises a distance sensor for measuring the back and forth movement speed and displacement of the supporting rod along the top longitudinal beam direction, and the distance sensor is an infrared distance sensor arranged on the supporting rod.
Further, the simulation test device also comprises a control device, wherein the control device is used for controlling actions of the lifting rod, the vibrating table and the dynamic load device and receiving monitoring signals fed back by the PIV device, the weighing sensor and the dynamic load device; the weighing sensor at the top of the movable block is a spoke type weighing sensor, the weighing sensor at the top of the simulated culvert is a BPMS film, the PIV device comprises a camera and trace particles dispersed in a stuffing box, the lifting rod is an electric lifting rod, a loading plate is arranged at the top of a culvert soil arch in the stuffing box, and a roller contacted with the loading plate is arranged at the bottom of the pressure head.
The test method for simulating the change rule of the soil arch of the culvert under the action of the load adopts the simulation test device and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting up a simulation test device, determining the relative position of a simulation culvert on a bottom plate in a stuffing box based on an experimental scheme, firstly installing the simulation culvert on the bottom plate through a lifting rod, then installing all movable blocks on the bottom plate around the simulation culvert through the lifting rod, installing a weighing sensor at the tops of the simulation culvert and each movable block, and leading out signal wires of the weighing sensor and the lifting rod;
step 2, determining the shape of a soil arch according to an experimental scheme, selecting and fixing the inclination angle of a fixed side plate, then filling filler uniformly dispersed with trace particles into a filler box until the predetermined height of the experimental scheme is reached, forming the soil arch, and placing a flat plate above the soil arch as a loading plate;
step 3, installing a dynamic loading device above the loading plate, installing the PIV device on one side of the PIV observation surface, and adjusting the shooting position and angle;
step 4, starting the dynamic load device and the vibration table, setting dynamic load parameters of the dynamic load device and vibration parameters of the vibration table according to different experimental requirements, performing simulation experiments, and acquiring displacement changes and load changes of a culvert soil arch through a weighing sensor and an PIV device;
and 5, after the experiment is finished, closing the dynamic loading device and the vibration table, stopping loading and vibration, closing the power switch, taking out the filler in the filler box, removing all the movable blocks and the simulation culverts, guiding out all experimental data and pictures, and performing experimental data processing to complete the simulation experiment.
Compared with the existing culvert simulation device, the device can simulate the change rule and the load distribution condition of the soil arch of the culvert under the effects of static load, dynamic load and vibration load, and has the following advantages:
firstly, the simulation device provided by the invention can set different command streams through a full-automatic traffic load loading device consisting of a precision motor, a load sensor, a displacement sensor oil pump, a bellows and an infrared sensor, and the simulation device can apply traffic loads of different grades to the simulation device, so that the loading is simple and convenient and the operation is easy.
Secondly, the model device can consider the distribution of the soil pressure and the change of the soil pressure of the culvert top under the action of external loads such as traffic load, vibration load and the like, and can also consider the influence of the sedimentation difference of the inner and outer soil columns on the soil pressure of the culvert top caused by the dead weight of filled soil.
Thirdly, the combined action of working conditions such as eccentricity and the like and external loads such as dynamic loads and seismic loads and the like on the boundaries of the two sides of the valley culvert can be researched basically only through large-scale model experiments or field experiments, so that a great deal of manpower and energy are consumed for experimental preparation, and the influence of many human and uncontrollable factors exists in the experiments, so that the finally obtained conclusion is not ideal, but the experimental device can be used for rapidly simulating by changing the inclination angle of the baffle and the positions of the culvert, multiple groups of working conditions can be realized simultaneously, the experimental device is more convenient, and the success rate of the experiment is improved.
Fourth, it becomes the visualization with traditional culvert model experiment, gathers whole process picture through camera device, adopts PIV technique tracking particle displacement vector, adopts image processing software to handle and obtains particle displacement distribution, density distribution and shearing slip plane, directly perceivedly discriminates the section deformation characteristic, can obtain the accurate data of soil arch evolution whole process deformation and stress.
Fifth, the traditional two-dimensional movable door device can only observe the damage condition of one surface, and is three-dimensional in real life, so that the device can simulate the actual working condition more truly.
Sixth, the BPMS film of the culvert top can truly reflect the soil pressure of the culvert top through the derived soil pressure distribution cloud picture, and compared with the method for placing the soil pressure box on the culvert top, the method is more accurate and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vibration table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of movable blocks and simulated culverts in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a movable block and simulated culvert distribution in an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a stuffing box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic loading device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic partial view of a dynamic loading device according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the front side of an analog test device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a box framework, 101-a trapezoid framework, 102-a cross beam and 103-a top longitudinal beam; 2-supporting rods; 3-an electric motor; 4-an oil pump; 5-bellows; 6-an oil pipe; 7-a servo valve; 8-loading rod; 9-pressing head; 10-a displacement sensor; 11-a load sensor; 12-stuffing boxes; 13-rotating the hinge; 14-clamping grooves; 15-a movable block; 16-spoke type weighing sensor; 17-lifting rod; 18-simulating culverts; 19-BPMS film; 20-a bottom plate; 21-vibration table 2101-table top, 2102-moving coil, 2103-hanging connector and 2104-vibration generator; 22-displacement controller; the device comprises a camera 23, a fixed side plate 24, a movable side plate 25, a loading plate 26, a roller 27, a travelling wheel 28, a rail groove 29, a computer 30 and an infrared ranging sensor 31.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the invention provides a simulation test device for a change rule of a culvert soil arch under the action of load, which comprises a vibration table 21, a stuffing box 12, a dynamic loading device, a movable block 15, a PIV device, a simulation culvert 18, a computer 30 and a plurality of lifting rods 17;
the stuffing box 12 is arranged on the vibration table 21, and the earthquake is simulated through the vibration table 21;
the movable blocks 15 and the simulated culverts 18 are respectively arranged at the bottom in the stuffing boxes 12 through lifting rods 17 which are independently controlled, a weighing sensor is arranged at the top of each movable block 15 and the top of each simulated culvert 18, all the movable blocks 15 and the tops of the simulated culverts 18 together form a bottom surface, the stuffing boxes 12 above the bottom surface are filled with stuffing containing trace particles to form culvert soil arches, and soil settlement around the simulated culverts 18 can be simulated by adjusting the height of the lifting rods 17;
the dynamic load device is used for applying dynamic load of back and forth movement to the soil vault part;
at least one side surface of the stuffing box 12 is a transparent PIV observation surface, and the PIV device is arranged on one side of the PIV observation surface and is used for observing the whole soil arch evolution process in the stuffing box 12 in the test process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the stuffing box 12 comprises a box body framework 1, a bottom plate 20 and four side plates, wherein the bottom plate 20 is arranged on a vibrating table 21, the box body framework 1 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 20, the four side plates comprise a left movable side plate 25, a right movable side plate 25 and a front fixed side plate 24 and a rear fixed side plate 24, in order to improve observability, the two fixed side plates 24 are transparent plates, the four side plates together form a space for forming a soil arch, and the soil arch shape is adjusted by setting different inclination angles for the movable side plates 25. The box body framework 1 comprises two trapezoid frames 101 which are identical in shape and are arranged in parallel and a cross beam 102 for connecting the two trapezoid frames 101, wherein the trapezoid frames 101 are reversely buckled on the bottom plate 20, and the long sides of the trapezoid frames 101 form a top longitudinal beam 103 of the box body framework 1; the middle of the two trapezoid frames 101 is provided with fixed side plates 24 which respectively form the front side and the rear side of the stuffing box 12, specifically, the fixed side plates 24 are made of organic glass, are similar to the trapezoid frames 101 in shape and are clamped in grooves formed in the inner sides of four sides of the trapezoid frames 101, the lower ends of the movable side plates 25 are connected with the bottom plate 20 through rotating hinges 13, and the upper ends of the movable side plates are movably arranged on top longitudinal beams 103 of the box body framework 1; the top longitudinal beam 103 is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves 14 for fixing the upper ends of the movable side plates 25, and the inclination angle of the movable side plates 25 is adjusted by selecting different clamping grooves 14 to fix the upper ends of the movable side plates 25.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the dynamic loading device comprises a supporting rod 2, a loading rod 8 and a driving device, wherein two ends of the supporting rod 2 are installed on a top longitudinal beam 103 of the box body framework 1 through a guide rail sliding block structure, the driving device is used for driving the supporting rod 2 to move back and forth along the direction of the top longitudinal beam 103, the loading rod 8 is fixed at the bottom of the supporting rod 2, and a pressure head 9 for contacting and applying load to a soil vault is arranged at the lower end of the loading rod 8. The outside of roof longitudinal beam 103 is equipped with track groove 29, the bracing piece 2 both ends are installed in track groove 29 through walking wheel 28, drive arrangement is motor 3 with at least one walking wheel 28 power connection therein. In this embodiment, the loading rod 8 is a hydraulic rod, the dynamic loading device further includes an oil pump 4 matched with the hydraulic rod and a bellows 5 for cooling the oil pump 4, the loading rod 8 is provided with a displacement sensor 10 for measuring a loading displacement and a load sensor 11 for measuring a loading load, the loading rod 8 is further provided with an upper interface of a servo valve 7 for loading by a controller, the upper interface is connected with an oil pipe 6 for delivering oil pressure, the other end of the oil pipe 6 is connected with the oil pump 4, and the oil pump 4 is connected with the bellows 5 so as to facilitate cooling the oil pump 4 and prevent the oil pump 4 from faults due to overhigh working temperature for a long time; the servo valve 7 is also connected with a computer 30 through a control line and is used for receiving a control instruction of the computer 30, the computer 30 controls the loading load of the loading rod 8 through the servo valve 7, and the running speed and the running position of the loading rod 8 on the supporting rod 2 are controlled through controlling the rotating speed of the motor 3.
As shown in fig. 7, the support bar 2 of the present invention is further provided with an infrared ranging sensor 31, the infrared ranging sensor 31 monitors data and transmits the data to the computer 30, the computer 30 analyzes the data, the distance between the support bar 2 and the cross beams 102 on both sides is measured to determine the position of the support bar 2, and the moving speed of the support bar 2 is determined by the distance change speed.
The lifting rods 17 are electric lifting rods 17, each lifting rod 17 is provided with a displacement sensor 10, the lifting rods 17 are connected with a displacement controller 22 through signal wires, and the lifting amplitude of each lifting rod 17 is controlled through the displacement controller 22 so as to simulate the settlement amount around the culvert 18.
The top of the simulated culvert 18 is provided with a pressure sensor formed by the BPMS film 19, the installation position of the simulated culvert 18 can be freely adjusted according to experimental requirements, the bottom plate 20 is provided with flange bayonets distributed in an array, the bottoms of the lifting rods 17 are provided with flange surfaces connected with the flange bayonets, all the lifting rods 17 are installed on the bottom plate 20 through flange connection, and the positions are selected according to requirements so as to be capable of supporting the movable blocks 15 and the simulated culvert 18. In the embodiment of the present invention, the movable block 15 may be a long-strip-shaped block and a square block, and the specific shape is not limited, so as to meet the sedimentation requirement of the simulation corresponding experiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the PIV device of the present invention comprises a camera 23 and trace particles dispersed in a stuffing box 12, wherein the camera 23 is positioned on the front side of a trapezoid frame 101, the shooting direction is perpendicular to the organic glass on the trapezoid frame 101, and a picture shot by the camera 23 is analyzed by a computer 30.
As shown in FIG. 2, the vibration table 21 of the present invention includes a table top 2101, a moving coil 2102 (including a frame), a moving coil 2102, a suspension connector 2103, a flexible support, a vibration generator 2104, an electrical connector and a cooling connector for generating vibration parameters required to simulate an earthquake.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, a loading plate 26 is disposed at the top of the culvert arch in the stuffing box 12, and a roller 27 contacting with the loading plate 26 is disposed at the bottom of the pressure head 9, which can greatly reduce the resistance of the loading rod 8 moving back and forth along with the supporting rod 2 when loading.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the following part of equipment models:
the vibration table 21 adopts a reciprocating type simulated transportation vibration device with the model number of YD-ZD 100; a brushless direct current precision motor with the model number of NAMIKI-CMS for driving the supporting rod 2 to move; the model 4 of the oil pump is 100AY120X2 type high-pressure electric oil pump, and the model 5 of the bellows is KTJ-35-100 type centrifugal bellows; the servo valve 7 is a servo valve with the model of SV1-06/05/210/5, the displacement sensor 10 on the loading rod 8 is a non-contact linear displacement sensor 10 of LPS-TMR125A4 series, and the load sensor 11 between the loading rod 8 and the loading head is a load sensor of a JHBU-type spoke series; the plane dimensions of the movable block 15 are 100mm x100 mm (top plane); the plane size of the simulated culvert 18 is 400mm multiplied by 400mm (overlook plane), and the top of the simulated culvert 18 adopts a pressure film with the model of BPMS; the settlement of the movable block 15 and the simulated culvert 18 is mainly controlled through the lifting rod 17, the displacement control precision of the lifting rod 17 is 0.01mm, and the maximum stroke is designed to be 150mm; the PIV arrangement is placed on the front side of the mold box and contains a black card digital camera model DSC-RX100M 7.
It should be noted that, the computer of the present invention only provides an auxiliary means for automation, and is not an essential technical feature, and the technical scheme of the present invention can be completed by means of controlling and calculating, so as to solve the technical problem of the present invention.
It should be noted that the driving device for driving the support rod 2 to move back and forth along the top rail 103 is not limited to the above example, and may be other linear motion devices, such as a screw-nut mechanism, a rack-and-pinion mechanism, and the like. The two ends of the support bar 2 are not limited to be mounted on the top longitudinal beam 103 by adopting the structure, other guide rail sliding block structures, such as a dovetail chute and the like, can be adopted, and the driving device and the guide rail sliding block structure can be separated, and can be provided with an integral structure as above. The implementation of the technical scheme of the invention is not affected by the specific mode.
The invention also provides a test method for simulating the change rule of the culvert soil arch under the action of load, which is used for exploring the change rule and the load distribution condition of the culvert soil arch under the action of static and dynamic load simulation, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Setting up a simulation test device, determining the right center position of a simulation culvert 18 at the bottom based on an experimental scheme, installing the simulation culvert 18 on flange bayonets of a bottom plate 20 through four lifting rods 17, installing all remaining movable blocks 15 on flange bayonets of the bottom plate 20 around the simulation culvert 18 through the lifting rods 17, determining the inclination angle of the movable side plates 25 at the left side and the right side to be 90 degrees, connecting the upper parts of the movable side plates 25 at the left side and the right side with clamping grooves 14 on the inner sides of top longitudinal beams 103 of a box framework 1 to form a complete stuffing box 12, and ensuring that the simulation culvert 18, all the movable blocks 15, the bottom plate 20 and the side plates are tightly connected;
2) The camera 23 for shooting is arranged on the front side of the model box through a bracket, the camera 23 is ensured to be horizontal by adjusting the position of the level bubble of the bracket, the shooting direction of the camera 23 is vertical to a fixed side plate 24 made of front-side organic glass, the whole stuffing box 12 is arranged in the right center of the shooting camera 23, the stuffing box 12 is filled with stuffing in layers until 800mm high, a soil arch is formed, a loading plate 26 is paved on the upper surface of the stuffing, and all wires are connected with a computer 30;
3) Starting a switch of a dynamic loading device, starting an oil pump 4 and an air box 5, setting the displacement of an oil cylinder of a loading rod 8 to be 80mm/min, controlling the final control force to reach 0.1N, controlling the loading rod 8 to descend, stopping descending when a roller 27 at the bottom of a pressure head 9 contacts a loading plate 26, setting twelve stages of graded loading on the loading rod 8, setting the size of each stage of load to be 5N and the action time to be 6min, so as to achieve the purpose of step-by-step automatic loading, and setting the left-right circular sliding times of a supporting rod 2 to be 1000 and the speed to be 1m/min; starting a displacement controller 22, setting the descending displacement of the movable block 15 to be 50mm, 100mm and 150mm, and ensuring the height of the simulated culvert 18 to be unchanged;
starting a vibration table 21, selecting simple harmonic waves to simulate earthquake load, fixing the stage-by-stage input frequency of a table top 2101 to be 5Hz, simulating small, medium and large earthquakes by sine waves with acceleration amplitudes of 0.11g, 0.24g and 0.39g respectively, starting a camera 23 to shoot displacement changes of the filler in a filler box 12, deriving a pressure cloud picture of the top of a simulated culvert 18 through a BPMS film 19 on the top of the simulated culvert 18 to obtain a culvert top soil pressure distribution curve, drawing a load transfer picture through data changes of spoke type weighing sensors 16 arranged on the upper surfaces of all movable blocks 15, and deriving a soil arch state change process in the experimental process through a PIV device;
4) And when the test is finished, closing the loading device switch and the vibration switch of the vibration table 21, stopping loading and vibration, closing the power switch, taking out the filler in the filler box 12, removing all the movable blocks 15 and the simulated culvert 18, cleaning the residual filler on the surface, removing all the side plates, arranging all the wires, guiding out the change of the soil arch shape when the lifting rod 17 is in different sedimentation differences, guiding out the stress distribution cloud picture of the BPMS film 19, guiding out the load change of each movable block 15, refining the cloud picture of the load transfer, carrying out experimental data analysis and processing, and completing the simulation experiment.
The invention can also adjust the inclination angle of the movable side plate 25 to form culvert soil arches with different shapes, and perform experiments again to study the influence of the culvert soil arches with different shapes on the change rule and the load distribution condition of the culvert soil arches.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a simulation test device of culvert soil arch change law under load effect which characterized in that: the device comprises a vibrating table, a stuffing box, a dynamic loading device, a plurality of movable blocks, an PIV device, a simulated culvert, a control device and a plurality of lifting rods;
the stuffing box is arranged on the vibration table, and earthquake is simulated through the vibration table;
the movable blocks and the simulated culverts are respectively arranged at the inner bottom of the stuffing box through lifting rods which are independently controlled, a weighing sensor is arranged at the top of each movable block and the top of each simulated culvert, all the movable blocks and the top of each simulated culvert form a bottom surface together, the stuffing box above the bottom surface is filled with stuffing containing tracer particles to form a culvert soil arch, and soil settlement around the culvert can be simulated through adjusting the height of the lifting rods;
the dynamic load device is used for applying dynamic load of back and forth movement to the soil vault part;
at least one side surface of the stuffing box is a transparent PIV observation surface, and the PIV device is arranged on one side of the PIV observation surface and is used for observing the whole process of soil arch evolution in the stuffing box in the test process;
the stuffing box consists of a box body framework, a bottom plate and four side plates, wherein the bottom plate is arranged on a vibrating table, the box body framework is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the four side plates comprise left and right movable side plates and front and rear fixed side plates, at least one fixed side plate is a transparent plate, the four side plates together form a space for forming a soil arch, and the soil arch shape is adjusted by setting different inclination angles for the movable side plates;
the box body framework comprises two trapezoid frames which are identical in shape and are arranged in parallel and a cross beam for connecting the two trapezoid frames, the trapezoid frames are reversely buckled on the bottom plate, and the long sides of the trapezoid frames form top longitudinal beams of the box body framework; the middle of the two trapezoid frames is provided with fixed side plates which respectively form the front side surface and the rear side surface of the stuffing box, the lower ends of the movable side plates are connected with the bottom plate through rotating hinges, and the upper ends of the movable side plates are movably arranged on the top longitudinal beams of the box body framework;
the top longitudinal beam is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves for fixing the upper ends of the movable side plates, and the inclination angles of the movable side plates are adjusted by selecting different clamping grooves to fix the upper ends of the movable side plates;
the movable loading device comprises a supporting rod, a loading rod and a driving device, wherein two ends of the supporting rod are arranged on a top longitudinal beam of the box body framework through a guide rail sliding block structure, the driving device is used for driving the supporting rod to move back and forth along the direction of the top longitudinal beam, the loading rod is fixed at the bottom of the supporting rod, and a pressure head for contacting and applying load to a soil vault part is arranged at the lower end of the loading rod;
the control device is used for controlling the actions of the lifting rod, the vibrating table and the dynamic load device and receiving monitoring signals fed back by the PIV device, the weighing sensor and the dynamic load device; the weighing sensor at the top of the movable block is a spoke type weighing sensor, the weighing sensor at the top of the simulated culvert is a BPMS film, the PIV device comprises a camera and trace particles dispersed in a stuffing box, the lifting rod is an electric lifting rod, a loading plate is arranged at the top of a culvert soil arch in the stuffing box, and a roller contacted with the loading plate is arranged at the bottom of the pressure head.
2. The simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the outside of the top longitudinal beam is provided with a track groove, two ends of the supporting rod are arranged in the track groove through travelling wheels, and the driving device is a motor which is in power connection with at least one travelling wheel.
3. The simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the loading rod is a hydraulic rod, the dynamic loading device further comprises an oil pump matched with the hydraulic rod, and the loading rod is provided with a displacement sensor for measuring loading displacement and a load sensor for measuring loading load.
4. The simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the dynamic load device further comprises a distance sensor for measuring the back and forth movement speed and displacement of the supporting rod along the top longitudinal beam direction, and the distance sensor is an infrared distance measuring sensor arranged on the supporting rod.
5. The test method for simulating the change rule of the soil arch of the culvert under the action of load, which adopts the simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting up a simulation test device, determining the relative position of a simulation culvert on a bottom plate in a stuffing box based on an experimental scheme, firstly installing the simulation culvert on the bottom plate through a lifting rod, then installing all movable blocks on the bottom plate around the simulation culvert through the lifting rod, installing a weighing sensor at the tops of the simulation culvert and each movable block, and leading out signal wires of the weighing sensor and the lifting rod;
step 2, determining the shape of a soil arch according to an experimental scheme, selecting and fixing the inclination angle of a fixed side plate, then filling filler uniformly dispersed with trace particles into a filler box until the predetermined height of the experimental scheme is reached, forming the soil arch, and placing a flat plate above the soil arch as a loading plate;
step 3, installing a dynamic loading device above the loading plate, installing the PIV device on one side of the PIV observation surface, and adjusting the shooting position and angle;
step 4, starting the dynamic load device and the vibration table, setting dynamic load parameters of the dynamic load device and vibration parameters of the vibration table according to different experimental requirements, performing simulation experiments, and acquiring displacement changes and load changes of a culvert soil arch through a weighing sensor and an PIV device;
and 5, after the experiment is finished, closing the dynamic loading device and the vibration table, stopping loading and vibration, closing the power switch, taking out the filler in the filler box, removing all the movable blocks and the simulation culverts, guiding out all experimental data and pictures, and performing experimental data processing to complete the simulation experiment.
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| CN114694473B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-09-16 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Portable simulated flood drainage culvert for surveying and mapping |
| US11854429B2 (en) | 2022-04-20 | 2023-12-26 | Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute Of Mining Research Co., Ltd | Portable simulated flood discharge culvert for surveying and mapping |
| CN115343448B (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-03-17 | 湖南大学 | Novel movable door model test device and method based on soil arch effect research |
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