CN102480996A - 维生素k3衍生物/ nsa的制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明披露了高度稳定的配制有烟酰胺(NA)的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,其中NA形成物理保护层(连续的和非连续的),从而形成高度稳定的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,以及其生产方法。
Description
本发明披露了高度稳定的配制有烟酰胺(NA)的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,其中NA形成物理保护层(连续的和非连续的),从而形成高度稳定的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,以及他们的生产方法。
在动物饲料行业中维生素K3(2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-methyl-1,4-naphthochinone);甲萘醌)衍生物被用作一种配料。对维生素K3衍生物不断地进行研究,以获得更稳定的维生素。在20世纪40年代在市场上推出的MSB(甲萘醌亚硫酸氢钠)具有相对较低的稳定性。到了50年代,由MSB,NaHSO3和水组成的亚硫酸氢盐复合物,即MSBC,提供了一种新的产品形式。该产品的稳定性略高,但不足以保证4-6个月的存储时间。在20世纪60年代,发现被取代的嘧啶和甲萘醌亚硫酸氢钠的加成物(如2-羟基-4,6-二甲基-嘧啶鎓-甲萘醌亚硫酸氢盐或MPB),相较于MSB(美国专利3328169),在高湿度和高温度下呈现出了更高的稳定性。在20世纪70年代,发现当MSB与烟酰胺反应(而不是在MPB的情况下其与2-羟基-4,6-二甲基-嘧啶反应),所获得的有机亚硫酸氢钠加成物(烟酰胺甲萘醌亚硫酸氢盐或MNB)也是维生素K3的一种稳定形式,并且具有惰性成份被维他命活性的化合物(美国专利4577019和英国专利2025976)取代的优势。
在所有这些专利所提供的实施例中,每摩尔MSB与1至3摩尔烟酰胺反应以沉淀出1摩尔MNB(其中含有1摩尔甲萘醌和1摩尔烟酰胺)。这种过量使用烟酰胺的唯一原因是为了增加沉淀物的产量。然而,现有技术中并没有启示表明,过量的NA可用于最终MNB产物的组合物的改性,该MNB产物是通过化学反应获得,在该化学反应中,MSB中分子的钠离子被质子化的烟酰胺分子所取代,并且形成MNB,该MNB由于很低的水溶解度而淅出。
最终MNB产物是由理论配比(stoechiometric)的化学反应产生,该反应中MSB分子中的钠离子被质子化烟酰胺分子取代。使用过量的烟酰胺,同时也增加了MNB的形成,其由于很低的溶解度而淅出。
MNB是目前市场上最稳定的产品,例如,专用于肉鸡粒料。然而,即使在这制粒过程中(80℃,高湿度),仍有50%的MNB被分解。尽管MNB被认为是最稳定的产品,即使在含有氯化胆碱的预混料的情况下,存储6个月后的预混料中K3含量不超过其原始量的70%,如在图2所示(数据来自M.科埃略,第13届佛罗里达州反刍动物营养年会论文集,127-145页(M.Coelho,Proceedings 13th Annual Florida Ruminant NutritionSymposium,pp 127-145))。
根据现有技术中,稳定性问题通过在饲料中添加额外的维生素K3以确保最低的K3浓度而得到解决。然而,这导致了额外的费用。
美国专利5128151披露了用生理耐受的有机或无机酸来改善MSB的稳定性。该方法的缺点之一是使用的保护剂没有维他命活性。事实上,使用没有维他命活性的外源性化合物作为添加剂是,MPB作为在动物饲料中的K3来源的使用呈持续性下降趋势的主要因素。另一方面,MNB的使用上升的趋势主要是由于这一事实,即MPB中的外源性惰性化合物(无维他命活性)被维他命活性的B3烟酰胺所取代。维生素B3和维生素K3(用MSB或MNB表示)推荐量的对比表明,根据动物物种的不同重量比在2和20之间变动(见图3)。
可以看出,含有过量B3的制剂作为保护剂表现出了额外的优势,它可以在任何情况下作为需要添加到预混料中的维生素B3源。
MNB或MSB与烟酰胺(NA)一起和/或卡巴克洛(carbazochrome)(CSS)联合添加到除草剂以及他们的惰性支持物的混合物,在现有技术中(日本专利公开S58-206505)已有报道。该专利的目的就是要确保除草剂在播散后能和维生素K3和/或烟酰胺和/或卡巴克洛一起共存,以便尽可能地减少除草剂对接触到除草剂的不同水生物种的毒性作用。因此,该在先技术所披露的内容的目标既不是在任何固体混合物中增加维生素K3衍生物的稳定性,也不是由所建议的组合物制备的制剂种类,该组合物的成分足以在维生素K3衍生物周围形成保护屏障,以增加其在例如饲料预混合等恶劣环境下,或比如制丸等极端的操作条件下的稳定性。事实上,维生素K3衍生物(MNB或MSB)和烟酰胺的混合物保持液态形式(溶解在除草剂中),该混合物已被注入载体丸粒中。通过这种方式,添加烟酰胺不会对MNB或MSB在稳定性方面施加任何保护作用。
相比之下,根据本发明的制剂的特征是,除其他外,过多的NA通过形成保护维生素K3的物理屏障从而对维生素K3衍生物赋予了更高的稳定性,尤其是在甚至如MNB等稳定形式的维生素K3也缺乏所需稳定性(见图2)的固体混合物中。这个物理屏障是连续的或不连续的层形式,通过降低维生素K3衍生物暴露在稳定性应力因素(stability stress factors)下的表面积从而赋予维生素K3衍生物更高的稳定性。影响维生素在预混料、制丸和存储中稳定性的典型应力因素是温度、湿度、氧化还原反应和光。
这些因素中的一些对于一些维生素K3衍生物以及NA稳定性的影响见下表1(参见《Keeping Current(KC 9804),Vitamins in pet food》,BASF Corporation,1998)):
表1
可以看出,每种因素增加了维生素的降解率从而导致了较低的稳定性。从维生素的保留值也可以看出,即使相较于公认的最稳定的维生素K3形式MNB,烟酰胺导致了更高的稳定性。因此,如前所述,NA物理屏障的形成使得通过相对不敏感的NA层部分或全部覆盖暴露的敏感维生素K3衍生物,从而使制剂的稳定性更高。
此外应该指出,根据发明的制剂的两个组份(维生素K3衍生物和烟酰胺)专门是以固体形式存在的。
如MPB(美国专利328169)和MNB(美国专利4577019和英国专利2025976)等产品更高的稳定性已涉及到以下几个因素:
>无结晶水
>低水溶性
>饱和溶液的pH值低于4.5
与这些因素相反,根据本发明的产品的更高稳定性,是基于最终固体颗粒中的非化学结合的过多NA层的保护作用,以及基于NA分子的高耐化学性,如表1所示。除稳定性问题外,维生素K3在预混料中的含量低于1wt-%,会引起维生素预混料明显的分离或同质化问题。这两个要求,即在其他化合物范围中与相对大颗粒(100-300微米)的低分离,以及为保证在理论上具有良好的分布特性而与非常小的颗粒的高度同质性,是不能同时实现的。
此外,小颗粒由于较高的比表面(specific surface)而导致较低的稳定性。
现有技术中提到的所有例子显示,需要其它方法,以提高维生素K3衍生物的稳定性并且改善粒度分布(particle size distribution)从而克服现有技术中的缺点,以及改善通过该方法获得的产品。
所述问题被本发明在权利要求中限定的方法意想不到地解决了,这导致了在下述组合特征方面优于现有技术的产品:
1.更高的稳定性;
2.更好的分离特性;由于制剂方法确保狭窄的粒度分布,使得粒子与在预混料中所有其他粒子具有相同的大小,因此包含了分离性。
3.更好的可用性(better availability),即使维生素K3衍生浓度很低,混合物内更好的分散也使得维生素分布均匀。
4.低尘,由于该制剂方法,使新产品具有很低的尘埃比例(fraction ofdust)。
5.在制剂中物质的量恒定;由于制剂只包含活性物质,不需要额外的填料或涂料物质。
一般来说,所述方法的特征包括以下步骤:
a)把NA、维生素K3衍生物和水混合;和
b)烘干步骤a)中的混合物;
条件是在步骤a)和b)中,未使用有机或无机酸。
根据本发明的“有机或无机酸”,其定义为任何pKa值<7的路易斯酸(Lewis acid)或质子酸。
物理保护层可以是连续的或不连续的,只要维生素K3衍生物颗粒表面有足够多的部分被覆盖,以达到上面列出的技术优势。
本方法与英国专利2025976和美国专利4577019披露的方法的实质性不同在于,本方法中所使用的维生素K3衍生物和所添加的过多NA之间没有化学反应。
优选的是,在喷雾干燥机或喷雾造粒机中实施去除水分。
其他优选方法是,高剪切造粒机或者磨、揉、干燥和碎的组合。
优选的是,维生素K3衍生物/NA的质量比在2/1和1/100之间,优选是在1/1和1/10之间。
根据本发明,“衍生物”是在可接受的化学上的意义中使用,描述了母体化合物中的一个或多个原子被其他原子或原子基团替代而产生化合物。
优选的是,维生素K3衍生物选自MNB、MBP、MSBC和MSB。
本发明的另一个目的是配制有NA的维生素K3衍生物,其是通过根据本发明方法获得的。
优选的是,制备的维生素K3衍生物颗粒的大小至少为50μm,优选为50和1000μm之间,最优选是100和400μm之间。
本发明将通过下述非限制性的例子进一步描述。
实施方式1
喷雾制粒
·MNB与40%(W/W)的NA溶液(加热到60℃)在60℃温度下,在实验室造粒机(Aeromatic)中喷雾制粒。实验后,MSB∶NA的比率用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定为1∶0.87。为进一步研究,并且分离出100微米和315微米之间的部分。
磨、揉、干燥和碎的组合
·MNB和NA(比例1∶2)在球磨机(Analysette)中磨碎,在捏合机中(2小时,约15%的水,25℃)与水混合。此后,该产物在真空干燥箱中在50℃和15毫巴条件下干燥16小时。该产物用研钵打磨并且在100微米和315微米之间的振动筛中筛选(fractioned)。
加速稳定性试验。
表2显示了,配制有NA的MNB的稳定性试验矩阵。下述“预混料”表示预混料组合物。
表2:维生素K3稳定性试验的测试矩阵(烟酸是指烟酰胺)
为了加速稳定性试验,上述混合物的样品在第0天在烧瓶中等分用于HPLC测定。这些烧瓶储存在恒定25℃的温度和65%的湿度的气候室中。每个数值点,采集两份样品。
在加速稳定性试验中该产品与标准的MNB与NA以及上述其他物质的混合物相比较。结果如图1所示。
实验表明,与纯MNB相比,预先配制有NA的MNB具有更好的稳定性。相较于单纯的混合和颗粒化,NA涂层显示更好的数值。11天以后,MSB浓度在测量精度范围内保持不变。
Claims (9)
1.配制有烟酰胺(NA)的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,其中,NA在维生素K3衍生物颗粒上形成物理保护层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的配制有烟酰胺(NA)的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,其中,所述颗粒的大小至少为50μm,优选为100和400μm之间,最优选是200和350μm之间。
3.根据权利要求1和/或者2所述的配制有烟酰胺(NA)的维生素K3衍生物颗粒,其中,所述维生素K3衍生物选自MNB、MBP、MSBC和MSB。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的产品,其中,所述维生素K3衍生物/NA的质量比在2/1和1/100之间,优选是在1/1和1/10之间。
5.制备根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的配制有NA的维生素K3衍生物颗粒的方法,其包括下列步骤:
a)把NA、维生素K3衍生物和水混合;和
b)烘干步骤a)中的混合物;
条件是在步骤a)和b)中,未使用有机或无机酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,混合后水分的去除是在喷雾干燥机或喷雾造粒机中进行的。
7.根据权利要求5中所述的方法,其中,所述混合和制备是在高剪切造粒机中进行的,干燥是在对流式或者接触式干燥机中进行的。
8.根据权利要求5中所述的方法,其中,所述方法是磨、揉、干燥和碎的组合。
9.根据权利要求5到8中至少一项所述的方法,其中,所述维生素K3衍生物/NA的质量比在2/1和1/100之间,优选是在1/1和1/10之间。
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US23138009P | 2009-08-05 | 2009-08-05 | |
EP09010104.9 | 2009-08-05 | ||
EP09010104A EP2281465A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2009-08-05 | Vitamin K3 derivative / NSA formulation |
US61/231,380 | 2009-08-05 | ||
PCT/EP2010/004729 WO2011015334A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2010-08-03 | Vitamin k3 derivative/nsa formulation |
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EP (2) | EP2281465A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2013500730A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102480996A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112012002678A2 (zh) |
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US9364483B2 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-06-14 | Laboratorios Virbac | Pre-mix composition for cattle |
US10757485B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System and method for synchronized vehicle sensor data acquisition processing using vehicular communication |
US11181929B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2021-11-23 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System and method for shared autonomy through cooperative sensing |
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- 2010-08-03 CN CN2010800374156A patent/CN102480996A/zh active Pending
- 2010-08-03 WO PCT/EP2010/004729 patent/WO2011015334A2/en active Application Filing
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EP2281465A1 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
CA2770033A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
WO2011015334A2 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
EA201200210A1 (ru) | 2012-09-28 |
WO2011015334A3 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
JP2013500730A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2461699A2 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
BR112012002678A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
US20110045089A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
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