CN102480006B - Transparent metamaterial - Google Patents
Transparent metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN102480006B CN102480006B CN 201110091287 CN201110091287A CN102480006B CN 102480006 B CN102480006 B CN 102480006B CN 201110091287 CN201110091287 CN 201110091287 CN 201110091287 A CN201110091287 A CN 201110091287A CN 102480006 B CN102480006 B CN 102480006B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transparent metamaterial which comprises at least one metamaterial sheet layer, wherein each metamaterial sheet layer comprises a sheet-shaped substrate and an artificial micro structures attached on the substrate, wherein the substrate is made of a transparent material. By adopting the transparent metamaterial provided by the invention, because the substrate is made of the transparent material, response can be generated for visible light, and convergence, diffusion, deflection and the like of the visible light can be caused.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to super Material Field, more particularly, relate to a kind of transparent metamaterial.
Background technology
Super material is a kind of can to the novel artificial synthetic material of electromagnetism generation response, the be comprised of substrate and the artificial micro-structural that is attached on the substrate.Because artificial micro-structural is generally certain geometric structure that has that metal wire is arranged into, therefore can produce response by electromagnetism, thereby make super material monolithic embody the electromagnetic property that is different from substrate, such electromagnetic property can realize the irrealizable specific function of current material, electromagneticly converge, disperse etc. such as realizing, can be used on the electromagnetic communication fields such as antenna, radar.
Super material can be applied on the various electromagnetic waves in theory, but existing application is usually only in electromagnetic communication fields such as microwaves, and is inoperative to visible light, and this is that selection by substrate and artificial micro-structural limits.Solve the problem of utilizing super material to converge, disperse visible light, the range of application that surpasses material can be expanded to visible light frequency band.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the defective of prior art, provides a kind of transparent metamaterial.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of transparent metamaterial is provided, comprise at least one super sheet of material, each super sheet of material comprises plate shape substrates and the artificial micro-structural that is attached on the described substrate, described substrate is made by transparent material, and described artificial micro-structural is selected transparent material.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described substrate is transparent polymer material.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described substrate is polymethyl methacrylate, transparent polyurethane, polyethylene, PETG or polyvinyl chloride.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural 4 is made by indium tin oxide, and described indium tin oxide is In
2O
3And SnO
2Composite material.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, In in the described indium tin oxide
2O
3Mass percent between 80%～95%.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described In
2O
3Mass percent be 90%.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described indium tin oxide becomes film-form, and thickness is between 50～1000nm.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural is " worker " font.
In transparent metamaterial of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural is two-dimentional snowflake type or three-dimensional snowflake type.
Implement transparent metamaterial of the present invention, have following beneficial effect: because substrate selects transparent material, therefore can produce response to visible light, thereby cause that visible light converges, disperses, deviation etc.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the transparent metamaterial of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a super material cell of transparent metamaterial shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the refractive index profile of each super sheet of material of the transparent metamaterial of an embodiment;
Fig. 4 is that transparent metamaterial shown in Figure 3 converges electromagnetic schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent metamaterial, as shown in Figure 1, comprise at least one super sheet of material 1, when super sheet of material 1 has when a plurality of, it is superimposed as one along the x direction perpendicular to the surface.Super sheet of material 1 comprises the plate shape substrates 3 and a plurality of artificial micro-structural 4 that is attached on the plate shape substrates 3 of even uniform thickness.Plate shape substrates 3 is divided into a plurality of identical side's bodily form grids virtually, each grid is a base board unit 30, and so that be attached with an artificial micro-structural 4 on each base board unit 30, then each base board unit 30 and on the artificial micro-structural 4 of adhering to is common consists of a super material cell 2, whole super sheet of material 1 can be regarded as the first array that is comprised of as row take the z direction as row, take the y direction a plurality of super material cell 2.The square bodily form grid here can have any size of freely dividing, the length that is preferably y, z direction among the present invention be the electromagnetic wavelength that will converge 1/10th, the length of x direction equates with the thickness of the x direction of plate shape substrates 3.Certainly, the length of its x of super material cell of the present invention, y, z direction electromagnetic wavelength 1/50th to 1/2nd between all can.
The concrete structure of super material cell 2 comprises a base board unit 30 and is attached to this base board unit 30 lip-deep artificial micro-structurals 4 as shown in Figure 2.The artificial micro-structural 4 of present embodiment is " worker " font wire on plane, comprises linear the first wire and is vertically connected on respectively two second wires at the first wire two ends.
Artificial micro-structural 4 also can be other shapes, and such as the two-dimentional snowflake type on plane, it comprises two four the second wires that mutually intersect vertically into first wire of " ten " font and be vertically connected on respectively each the first wire two ends.
Artificial micro-structural 4 also can be the three-dimensional snowflake type of solid, comprises three six roots of sensation the second wires of vertically and mutually sending in twos the first wire of any and being vertically connected on respectively each the first wire two ends.Three-dimensional artificial micro-structural 4 is to be attached to substrate 3 inside by certain processing technology.
Certainly, artificial micro-structural 4 of the present invention also has multiple implementation, as long as had certain geometric figure and can produce response to electromagnetic field and namely be changed the structure of electromagnetic nature by what wire or metal wire consisted of, to be attached to substrate 3 surfaces upper or embed that substrate 3 is inner to form super material cell 2 of the present invention thereby all can be used as artificial micro-structural 4 of the present invention.
Each base board unit 30 and on artificial micro-structural 4 jointly determined dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of the super material cell 2 that they consist of, according to formula
As can be known, known dielectric constant and magnetic permeability can obtain refractive index n, and the expression of refractive index size is to the influence degree of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction.Therefore, the shape by designing each artificial micro-structural 4, size etc. change dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of each super material cell 2, and then obtain specific refraction index profile, can realize electromagnetic deviation, converge, disperse etc.
Existing super material, its artificial micro-structural 4 is selected the non-ferrous metal of the materials such as silver, copper usually, because the metals such as silver, copper are good conductor, form the surface plasma bulk effect in its metal structure surface, good conductor can excite and strengthen this effect as much as possible, thereby sensitiveer to electromagnetic response, effect is stronger.
3 needs of substrate select those that electromagnetic wave is not had response, do not affect electromagnetic wave or the impact little material of trying one's best, and namely dielectric constant and magnetic permeability must be as far as possible close to 1, and the common Ceramics of existing super material is as baseplate material.
Under the acting in conjunction of artificial micro-structural 4 and base board unit 30, super material has embodied the characteristic that general nature circle material does not have aspect electromagnetic property, and such as material with negative refractive index, wave beam converges, wave beam deflection, the characteristics such as beam parallel.And by these physical characteristics, extending a lot of new application, such as communication, optics, device miniaturization, the fields such as detection.
But because artificial micro-structural 4 and substrate 3 are opaque material, therefore existing super material is mainly used in microwave band, can not the generation effect to visible light.As herein described transparent, refer to that light transmittance reaches more than 85%.
One of innovative point of the present invention is, selects transparent material as substrate 3, such as transparent organic polymer material etc.In the preferred embodiment, substrate 3 of the present invention is selected transparent organic glass, i.e. polymethyl methacrylate, the English PMMA that is called for short.Other transparent organic polymer materials that can be used as substrate 3 can also be transparent polyurethane, polyethylene (PE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), PETG (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) etc.
The dielectric constant of these materials is all not high, be selected between 1～3, and magnetic permeability all is 1 basically, meets as making demands before the substrate 3.Simultaneously, these materials are by the manufacturing process of prior art, all can realize transparent or semitransparent so that visible light sees through.
Two of innovative point of the present invention is that further, artificial micro-structural 4 is also selected transparent or semitransparent material, the preferred indium tin oxide of the present invention.
Indium tin oxide (ITO claims again tin-doped indium oxide) is a kind of indium (III family) oxide In
2O
3And tin (IV family) oxide S nO
2Mixture, common In
2O
3Mass percent between 80%～95%, preferred mass of the present invention is than the In that is 90%
2O
3, 10% SnO
2Indium tin oxide is thickness between 50～1000nm the time at film-form, is clear, colorless, can be used as conductive film and substitutes that silver, copper are wiry also to have good light transmission simultaneously.
Indium tin oxide has good electricity conductibility, therefore can realize the achieved functions of good conductor such as silver, copper, therefore the raw material of artificial micro-structural 4 in alternative silver, the super material of copper conduct.
In the process of making super material, with transparent polymer materials such as transparent organic glass as substrate 3, then adopt the method for electron beam evaporation, physical vapour deposition (PVD) or some sputter-deposition technologies to deposit to the surface of these substrates 3, form various artificial micro-structurals 4, namely make a super sheet of material 1, at last a plurality of super sheet of material 1 are encapsulated into a complete super material.Because substrate 3 and artificial micro-structural 4 are transparent material, therefore so super material can be used for the visible light field, has expanded greatly application and the scope of super material, and important scientific research value and economic worth are arranged.
For example, design a super sheet of material 1, its refractive index is annular spread, and as shown in Figure 3, the central point white silk of the super material cell 2 that refractive index is identical becomes a curve, and the closeer expression refractive index of curve is larger.As seen from the figure, the refractive index of the super sheet of material 1 of one embodiment of the invention is take the super material cell at a center as the center of circle, equate apart from each super material cell 2 its refractive indexes on the equal circumference in this center of circle, the refractive index of the super material cell on larger then this circumference of radius is less, it is maximum namely to be somebody's turn to do super material circle centre position refractive index, radially outwards refractive index reduces gradually, and the difference of the refractive index on the adjacent circumferential is justified mind-set gradually increase outward by oneself.The super sheet of material 1 that satisfies such refraction index profile can realize electromagnetic converging.For the similar artificial micro-structural 4 of shape, artificial micro-structural 4 is less, and the refractive index of super material cell is less accordingly.
As shown in Figure 4, a plurality of super sheet of material shown in Figure 31 stacks form a transparent metamaterial, a branch of parallel visible light can pass transparent substrate 3 and artificial micro-structural 4, and its refraction index profile will be so that visible light converges to a bit, realizes the function of similar convex lens.
Certainly, by designing the artificial micro-structural 4 of each super material cell 2, can realize various refraction index profile, and then realize the achieved electromagnetic wave deflection of common super material, other functions such as disperse.But the present invention is owing to adopt transparent substrate 3 and artificial micro-structural 4, electromagnetic wave is widened visible light frequency band by microwave band, it is the progress of revolution, be conducive to substitute traditional optical element such as convex lens, concave mirror etc., and super sheet of material 1 of the present invention is surface plate, it is complex-curved to need not special design convex surface or concave surface etc., has greatly simplified design and the course of processing, can effectively reduce design, manufacturing cost.
Therefore; the above is described embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than restrictive, those of ordinary skill in the art is not breaking away from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect under enlightenment of the present invention; also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a transparent metamaterial comprises at least one super sheet of material, and each super sheet of material comprises plate shape substrates and the artificial micro-structural that is attached on the described substrate, it is characterized in that described substrate is made by transparent material, and described artificial micro-structural is selected transparent material.
2. transparent metamaterial according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described substrate is transparent polymer material.
3. transparent metamaterial according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described substrate is polymethyl methacrylate.
4. transparent metamaterial according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described substrate is transparent polyurethane, polyethylene, PETG or polyvinyl chloride.
5. transparent metamaterial according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is made by indium tin oxide, and described indium tin oxide is In
2O
3And SnO
2Composite material.
6. transparent metamaterial according to claim 5 is characterized in that, In in the described indium tin oxide
2O
3Mass percent between 80%～95%.
7. transparent metamaterial according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described In
2O
3Mass percent be 90%.
8. transparent metamaterial according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described indium tin oxide becomes film-form, and thickness is between 50～1000nm.
9. transparent metamaterial according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is " worker " font.
10. transparent metamaterial according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is two-dimentional snowflake type or three-dimensional snowflake type.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110091287 CN102480006B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Transparent metamaterial |
| EP11860700.1A EP2544029B1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial dielectric material |
| PCT/CN2011/081389 WO2012139368A1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial dielectric material |
| US13/635,863 US9268062B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial electromagnetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110091287 CN102480006B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Transparent metamaterial |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102480006A CN102480006A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| CN102480006B true CN102480006B (en) | 2013-03-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 201110091287 Active CN102480006B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Transparent metamaterial |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102842760B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-05-25 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Electromagnetic wave transparent material and antenna house thereof and antenna system |
| CN102842759B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-05-25 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Wideband electromagnetic wave transparent material and antenna house thereof and antenna system |
| CN103675955A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-26 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Method for preparing transparent metamaterial |
| CN103675956B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2016-08-17 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | A kind of transparent metamaterial and preparation method thereof |
| CN104466419A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-25 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial and antenna |
| CN104026827A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-10 | 太仓市天行化纤有限公司 | Novel transparent double-layer bag |
| CN110534912B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2021-08-27 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | Lens and radiation device |
| CN110739551B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-09-28 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Array lens, lens antenna, and electronic apparatus |
| CN110739552B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-10-22 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Lens structure, lens antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN112751206B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-08-12 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Lens structure, lens antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN112542685B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 北京大学 | Microwave and terahertz wave all-metal hyperbolic metamaterial antenna and implementation method thereof |
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| CN101573837A (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2009-11-04 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Composite material with chirped resonant cells |
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| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN201450116U (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-05-05 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna with wide frequency band, high gain and good directionality |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
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| CN101573837A (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2009-11-04 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Composite material with chirped resonant cells |
| CN201450116U (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-05-05 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna with wide frequency band, high gain and good directionality |
| CN101694558A (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-04-14 | 电子科技大学 | Metamaterial structure for modulating terahertz wave |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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