CN102472119A - 用于驱动交通工具的设备 - Google Patents

用于驱动交通工具的设备 Download PDF

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CN102472119A
CN102472119A CN2010800306110A CN201080030611A CN102472119A CN 102472119 A CN102472119 A CN 102472119A CN 2010800306110 A CN2010800306110 A CN 2010800306110A CN 201080030611 A CN201080030611 A CN 201080030611A CN 102472119 A CN102472119 A CN 102472119A
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迪特尔·朗
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K3/00—Arrangement or mounting of steam or gaseous-pressure propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/20—Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for driving vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/15—Pneumatic energy storages, e.g. pressure air tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在陆上、水中和空气中驱动交通工具的设备。此设备包括：能量储存单元(1)、能量转换单元(4)和电的驱动单元(8)。能量储存单元包含与蒸汽容器(3)热耦合的、用于储备经压缩的加热气体的压缩气体容器(2)；能量转换单元包含与蒸汽容器连接的蒸汽涡轮(5)和/或与压缩气体容器连接的压缩气体涡轮(6)，用于驱动发电机(7)；电的驱动单元包含与发电机(7)电连接的电动马达(9)。在此，能接入其他组件：尤其飞轮设备(10)、用于将制动能量转换为用于蓄电池(11)的充电电流的器具(14)和光伏装置(15)。

Description

用于驱动交通工具的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在陆上、水中和空气中驱动交通工具的设备，具有权利要求1的特征。
背景技术
已公知的是，利用经压缩的空气用于驱动交通工具。
例如在Internet上的http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druckluftauto中描述了这种经压缩空气运行的汽车。为此，在20世纪90年代法国公司MDI(Motor Development International)与马达设计师Guy Negre的合作大大推进了开发工作。依据那里所遵循的设计草案，应用了气体膨胀马达的原理。在此，压缩空气在至少两个汽缸内部膨胀，其中，经由往复式活塞驱动装置将气体的体积变化功转化为旋转能量，并且由此转化为用于交通工具的驱动能量。作为这种马达的功率所说明的数值是30PS(22KW)，其中交通工具的总质量应为500kg至700kg。行驶里程估计只有70km。以约300Bar储存压缩空气。这种驱动单元的效率应为34％。该效率应该高于可比的汽油马达或柴油马达的效率，但通过电动驱动装置被超越。
这种驱动系统由于物理工程方面的原因具有一系列严重的缺点。第一个问题是，可供使用的驱动能量与相对健康地实施的压缩空气罐的必需的质量之间的相对不利的比例关系。此外，压缩空气的生产与释放出的马达功率相比相对低效。为此还出现，在气体的压缩时积累的热不能利用，并且由此在能量平衡中以热的方式损失掉50％-60％。此外，由Negre设计的压缩空气马达需要压缩空气的与中间加热联系起来的多级减压，由此使马达设计草案不必要地复杂化。最后，在压缩空气马达中发生的气体的减压造成马达的冷却。在此，马达从周围环境中吸收热，并且由此依赖于一定的外部热输送。由此，当环境温度低时，经压缩空气运行的马达的功率显著下降。
发明内容
由此，任务在于，提供借助施加了压力的气体、用于驱动交通工具的设备，其中，将所提到的缺点除去，或将其至少持续地最小化。所寻求的设备首先应该以尽可能有效地充分利用可用的热源为标志，能以可变的方式摄取不同的热源，能储存能量，并且是对环境友好的。
依据本发明的设备的基本思想是，不是直接地将经压缩的气体用于驱动压缩空气马达，而是在气体压缩装置与实际的驱动机构之间设置一系列能量转换装置，借助这些能量转换装置能控制能量流，并且能将这些能量流包括到附加的能量储存过程中或附加的能源中。依据本发明，产生了带有直接的压缩空气驱动装置的和/或带有零CO2排放的电动马达驱动装置的交通工具。
附图说明
依据本发明的设备应随后借助实施例详细阐释。附图1和附图2用于说明。为相同的或作用相同的部件使用同样的附图标记。示出：
图1依据本发明的设备的示例性的整体示图；
图2热耦合的压缩气体容器和蒸汽容器的示例性的实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1示出：依据本发明，设备包括能量储存单元1、能量转换单元4和驱动单元8。能量储存单元1包含压缩气体容器2，该压缩气体容器用于储备经压缩的加热气体、尤其空气。压缩气体容器2与蒸汽容器3热耦合。压缩机12填充压缩气体容器。压缩过程中产生的热经由热耦合装置传输到蒸汽容器3中，并且在那里用于蒸汽制备。使用例如水作为待蒸发的液体。除了水，在此封闭系统中也能循环运行其他的液体，例如乙醇或乙醇和水的混合物，尤其是以共沸的混合比例。能量转换单元4包含与蒸汽容器3连接的蒸汽涡轮5和/或与压缩气体容器2连接的压缩气体涡轮6，用于驱动发电机7。通过拉伐尔喷嘴降低压缩气体涡轮6的噪声水平。最后，电的驱动单元8包含与发电机7连接的电动马达9。将该电动马达有利地构造为轮毂马达。
在适宜的实施方式中，能量储存单元1具有用于储存蒸汽涡轮5的和/或蒸汽涡轮6的旋转能量的飞轮设备10。通过此设计方案使得如下成为可能，即，部分地储存旋转能量，并且在能量需求升高的情况下或涡轮装置的效率暂时下降的情况下，再为能量转换过程输入旋转能量。借助离合器设备，能使发电机7和飞轮设备10从轴7a上以需要的方式分离。由碳纤维加强塑料制成的飞轮10被证实为是适宜的。
在其他适宜的实施方式中，能量储存单元1具有与发电机7和电动马达9连接的、用于储存和释放电能的蓄电池11。由此，提供了在驱动设备中能量储存的其他可能性。
在其他有利的实施方式中，能量转换单元4具有用于填充压缩气体容器的电运行的压缩机12。这意味着，不是必需联接用于填充的外部压缩气体源，而是将压缩气体制备实施在驱动设备本身之内。在其他实施方式中，能借助燃烧式燃料(Verbrennungstreibstoff)运行压缩机12。
在其他适宜的实施方式中，蒸汽容器3连同蒸汽涡轮5接到带有接在蒸汽涡轮5下游的冷凝器13的蒸汽环路中。在此，冷凝器13以能通过由压缩气体涡轮6排出的经减压的气体冷却的方式构造。蒸汽环路内部的蒸汽与经压缩的气体之间的热接触不仅经由压缩气体容器2与蒸汽容器3之间的热耦合，而且在涡轮的区域中达到，由此，能保留和利用热能的一部分。该蒸汽环路加热压缩空气涡轮6。有利地，为了冷却，将压缩机12接到该蒸汽环路中。
在其他有利的设计方案中，能量转换单元4具有用于将电动马达9的动能转换为用于蓄电池11的充电电流的器具14。在此，能同时达到电动马达9的制动，并且将通过制动过程所收回的动能再以电能的形式储存在蓄电池11中。
在适宜的实施方式中，能量转换单元4具有用于为蓄电池11提供充电电流的，和/或为电动马达9和/或为压缩机12提供电能的光伏装置15。在适宜的设计方案中，将光伏装置15实施为，能通过由压缩气体涡轮6排出的经减压的气体冷却。
此外，能适宜地设置有踏板装置16，该踏板装置用于产生为了蓄电池11的充电电流，和/或为了电动马达9和/或压缩机12的电能。
在其他实施方式中，将蒸汽涡轮5布置在第一轴7a上，并且将压缩气体涡轮6布置在第二特有的轴上。在此，第一轴和第二轴与发电机7和飞轮10连接。由此，在这种配置中，蒸汽涡轮5和压缩气体涡轮6各与特有的飞轮10和/或特有的发电机7联接。当然，为蒸汽涡轮和压缩气体涡轮设置共同的飞轮10或共同的发电机7也是可能的。
在其他实施方式中，将蒸汽容器3能电加热地实施。与该蒸汽容器相关地或与该蒸汽容器无关地，也能将冷凝器13能电冷却地实施。作为以上的补充，能在冷凝器13上布置电运行的冷却装置、尤其热泵。
在其他适宜的实施方式中，借助压缩热加热蓄电池11、压缩气体涡轮6和乘客内部空间。当需要时，减压的气体冷却蓄电池11和乘客内部空间。
用于驱动交通工具的设备也能非常地简化，在此，在该实施方式中，将热从蒸汽容器3主要引导至压缩气体涡轮6。取消蒸汽涡轮5和冷凝器13。压缩气体涡轮6能通过强的加热达到其满工作效率。
在其他有利的实施方式中，设置有至少一个用于后坐式驱动的推进喷嘴，借助该推进喷嘴能将经压缩的气体和/或蒸汽定向地喷出。例如在船只之下，多个推进喷嘴作为喷射驱动装置驱动船只。在船只行驶期间，从推进喷嘴之前输送海水，膨胀的压缩空气将这些水加速，将压缩空气和水在船尾处喷出，并且压缩空气和水因此用于驱动喷气船只。其他喷嘴用来在喷气船只之下形成气垫。通过调节由不同推进喷嘴的压缩空气强度实现船只的操控。用热空气防止喷嘴结冰。为飞机使用较轻的、用于容器的材料，取代较重的由钢制成的压缩空气瓶。
图2在截面中示出由压缩气体容器2的和蒸汽容器3的示例性布置。在实施方式中，将压缩气体容器2至少一次地布置在蒸汽容器3的内部中。在此，在蒸汽容器3的内部空间中布置有空间格栅17，该空间格栅确保至少一个压缩气体容器2的可靠的支承。空间格栅具有与压缩气体瓶的紧密接触，并且保证了蒸汽容器3内部所包含的液体的快速加热。为了尽可能有效地产生蒸汽，在蒸汽容器3的内部空间中设置有汽室18。将压缩气体容器例如以凯夫拉材料(Kevlar)包裹。设置有多个减压阀，这些减压阀造成经压缩的介质的内部压力匹配压缩气体涡轮6的工作压力。
备选地，压缩气体容器2与蒸汽容器3之间的热接触能通过一系列绕压缩气体容器周围盘绕的管道造成，以待蒸发的液体贯穿流经这些管道。适宜地，这些管道由铜制成，并且向外去地隔热。在此实施方式中，压缩气体容器2与蒸汽容器3结构上分开。
为了减少热损失，蒸汽容器3设置有隔热装置19，例如能使用泡沫玻璃。
能使设备如下方式地运行：首先将交通工具以光伏方式充电。借助光伏地产生的电能使压缩机12运行。由此，将压缩气体容器2和蒸汽容器3填充或加热。将在此填充过程中所产生的蒸汽和经压缩的气体的盈余输送到涡轮5和涡轮6处。由此，将旋转能量储存在飞轮10中，或经由发电机7的运行将电能储存在蓄电池11中。在此通过光入射不断发生的充电过程中，将所提到的能量储存器均匀地充满。在此，能通过内部控制单元实现对进行完的能量转换过程的、例如通过飞轮的接通或脱离的影响或者通过压缩机的激活或去激活的影响。适宜地，在交通工具开始行驶之前尽可能时间近地，进行经由外部电网的能量储存器的补充，以便优化地利用经压缩的气体中的压缩热。
涡轮布置的、发电机的和电动马达的较大优势是直接地无运动转换地产生的转动运动、能达到的高转数、比较大的极限功率、小的结构大小和高的约90％的效率。由此理论的系统效率能达到约70％。以经压缩的气体的形式、蒸汽的形式、飞轮的形式和蓄电池的形式，存在四种用于能量储存的器具。其他的能量获取通过光伏装置、踏板能量和所回收的制动能量实现。运转中的电驱动装置既不需要传动装置也不需要用于油门、制动和离合器的脚踏板。作为驱动装置的踏板装置的应用额外地起到促进健康的效果。该交通工具产生的二氧化碳为零。陆上交通工具的行驶里程，无需昂贵的锂离子电池，估计高于330km。通过交通工具的、内部的充电过程和储存过程甚至存在以零驱动成本行驶的可能性。
借助实施例详细地阐释了本发明。在专业厂商的范畴中，一系列其他实施方式是可能的，这些实施方式保持在依据本发明的基本思想的范围中。其他实施方式尤其由附属权利要求获得。
附图标记列表
1    能量储存单元
2    压缩气体容器
3    蒸汽容器
4    能量转换单元
5    蒸汽涡轮
6    压缩气体涡轮
7    发电机
7a   轴
8    驱动单元
9    电动马达
10   飞轮
11   蓄电池
12   压缩机
13   冷凝器
14   器具/转换电路
15   光伏装置
16   踏板设备
17   空间格栅
18   汽室
19   隔热装置

Claims (18)

1.用于在陆上、水中和空气中驱动交通工具的设备，所述设备包括：
能量储存单元(1)，所述能量储存单元包含与蒸汽容器(3)热耦合的、用于储备压缩的加热的气体的压缩气体容器(2)；
能量转换单元(4)，所述能量转换单元包含与所述蒸汽容器连接的蒸汽涡轮(5)和/或与所述压缩气体容器连接的压缩气体涡轮(6)，用于驱动发电机(7)；
电的驱动单元(8)，所述电的驱动单元包含与所述发电机(7)电连接的电动马达(9)。
2.根据权利要求1所述设备，其特征在于，所述能量储存单元(1)具有能接入的飞轮设备(10)，用于储存所述蒸汽涡轮(5)的和/或所述压缩气体涡轮(6)的旋转能量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述设备，其特征在于，所述能量储存单元(1)具有能与所述发电机(7)和所述电动马达(9)互联的、用于储存和释放电能的蓄电池(11)。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述能量转换单元(4)具有电运行的、用于填充所述压缩气体容器(2)的压缩机(12)。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述蒸汽容器(3)连同所述蒸汽涡轮(5)接到带有接在所述蒸汽涡轮下游的冷凝器(13)的蒸汽环路中，其中，所述冷凝器构造得能通过由所述压缩气体涡轮(6)排出的经减压的气体来冷却。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述能量转换单元(4)具有能接入的、用于将所述电动马达的动能转换为用于所述蓄电池(11)的充电电流的器具(14)。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述能量转换单元(4)具有能接入的光伏装置(15)，用于为所述蓄电池(11)提供充电电流，和/或用于为所述电动马达(9)和/或为所述压缩机(12)提供电能。
8.根据权利要求7所述设备，其特征在于，所述光伏装置(15)能通过由所述压缩气体涡轮排出的经减压的气体来冷却。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，设置有踏板装置(16)，用于产生用于所述蓄电池(11)的充电电流，和/或用于产生用于所述电动马达(9)和/或用于所述压缩机(12)的电能。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述压缩气体容器(2)至少一次地布置在所述蒸汽容器(3)的内部，其中，为了可靠地支承所述至少一个压缩气体容器，设置有在所述蒸汽容器的内部空间中布置的空间格栅(17)。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述蒸汽容器(3)的所述内部空间具有汽室(18)。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述压缩机(12)为了冷却而接入所述蒸汽环路中。
13.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述蓄电池(11)、所述压缩气体涡轮(6)和/或乘客内部空间能借助压缩热来加热。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，乘客内部空间和/或所述蓄电池(11)能通过由所述压缩气体涡轮排出的经减压的气体来冷却。
15.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，设置有用于后坐式驱动的至少一个推进喷嘴和/或喷射驱动装置，用以喷出经压缩的气体和/或蒸汽。
16.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述蒸汽容器(3)能电加热，和/或所述冷凝器(13)能电冷却。
17.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述压缩机(12)能借助燃烧式燃料来运行。
18.根据前述权利要求之一所述设备，其特征在于，所述蒸汽涡轮(5)布置在第一轴上，并且所述压缩气体涡轮(6)布置在第二轴上，其中，所述第一轴和/或所述第二轴与发电机和飞轮连接。
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