CN102470598B - 可食用基质挤制物的三维连续成型 - Google Patents
可食用基质挤制物的三维连续成型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102470598B CN102470598B CN201080034166.5A CN201080034166A CN102470598B CN 102470598 B CN102470598 B CN 102470598B CN 201080034166 A CN201080034166 A CN 201080034166A CN 102470598 B CN102470598 B CN 102470598B
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Abstract
一种具有非均匀形状的嚼咬玩具,其可由可食用淀粉组合物通过以下步骤所制得:将所述组合物导入一个具有一个料筒的挤制机;对所述组合物施以剪切及热以形成一个熔融体;以及输送所述熔融体通过一个可调式孔口同时改变所述孔口的截面尺寸,以形成一个挤制物,所述挤制物的厚度尺寸随其长度而改变。此后所述挤制物可在长度上进行裁切。所述挤制物也可通过共同作业凹槽间以形成形状。所述挤制物也可通过重新定位所述模具对于一个模塑表面的位置而引导成预定图案。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种挤制可食用组合物的方法,用来形成供动物用的三维可食用产品或供宠物用的嚼咬玩具。本文中所揭露的制造方法是采用熔融混合可食用树脂与选定量的添加物,包含水及其它填料,接着进行挤制作用,其中可在挤制作用期间或直接于挤制作用后将挤制物形成选定的三维形状,所述三维形状可为非均匀的。加工条件,包括料筒温度及冷却分布,可随所存在的添加物与水的相对量而调整,以提供在可避免须要更多传统形成步骤,例如注射模塑,的情况下制造挤制形状的能力。
背景技术
现有技术提供了各种关于将各种树脂(如淀粉或相关材料)转换成注射模塑或成型物件的公开文献。举例而言,已有关于开发可食用动物嚼咬物的公开文献,所述嚼咬物为可消化的和/或具有营养成份的,并且具有可分别调整的构造,以适合各式各样的犬类喜好或需求。因此,参酌以下的例示性公开文献:美国专利第6,180,161号“热可更改式可食用的犬类嚼咬物(Heat Modifiable Edible Dog Chew)”;美国专利第6,159,516号“模塑可食用淀粉的方法(Method of Molding Edible Starch)”;美国专利第6,126,978号“可食用的犬类嚼咬物(Edible Dog Chew)”;美国专利第6,110,521号“具有可更改式构造的小麦与酪蛋白的犬类嚼咬物(Wheat and Casein Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture)”;美国专利第6,093,441号“热可更改式的花生犬类嚼咬物(Heat Modifiable Peanut Dog Chew)”;美国专利第6,093,427号“蔬菜基质的犬类嚼咬物(Vegetable Based Dog Chew)”;美国专利第6,086,940号“高淀粉含量的犬类嚼咬物(High Starch Content Dog Chew)”;美国专利第6,067,941号“动物嚼咬物(Animal Chew)”;美国专利第6,056,991号“具有可更改式构造的火鸡肉与米的犬类嚼咬物(Turkey and Rice Dog Chew With Modifiable Texture)”;美国专利第5,941,197号“胡 萝卜基质的犬类嚼咬物(Carrot Based Dog Chew)”;美国专利第5,827,565号“制造可食用犬类嚼咬物的方法(Process for Making an Edible Dog Chew)”;美国专利第5,339,771号“含有动物膳食的动物嚼咬玩具(Animal Chew Toy Containing Animal Meal)”;美国专利第5,240,720号“具有可更改式构造的犬类嚼咬物(Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture)”;美国专利第5,200,212号“具可更改式构造的犬类嚼咬物(Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture)”。同时也参酌美国专利第6,165,474号,发明名称为“保健玩具特征的应用(Application for Patent for Nutriceutical Toy)”;美国专利第5,419,283号,发明名称为“淀粉材料与可分解的乙烯共聚物的动物嚼咬玩具(Animal Chew Toy of Starch Material and Degradable Ethylene Copolymer)”;美国专利申请公开案第2004/0009268号,发明名称为“淀粉与脂肪族芳香类基质的聚酯树脂的掺混物(Blends Of Starch And Aliphatic-Aromatic Based Polyester Resins)”及美国专利申请公开案第2007/0031555号,发明名称为“淀粉直接模制(Direct Starch Molding)”。
可参考各种研究结果以将淀粉(具最小分解度)转变成具有所要求设计的注射模塑产品。这些研究结果关注在使用丙二醇、脂肪酸酯、蛋白质材料的碱盐及/或水作为淀粉的添加物,接着进行熔融体加工技术,例如挤制及/或注射模塑。上述现有技术通常关于挤制一种具有均匀尺寸的产品并注射模塑所述经挤制的组合物来形成更复杂的三维形状。需要一种成型物件,其可仅通过挤制制得,不会造成配合工具的花费,也无涉于相对较慢的注射模塑加工。
因此,本发明旨在配制供动物用的可食用组合物以及选定的加工/模塑轮廓;所述配制及加工/模塑轮廓允许连续形成具有所要求形状的、可食用基质动物嚼咬玩具。此外,本发明的另一目的旨在提供一些加工装置或方案(protocols),可用于连续挤制加工中以制造一种具有非均匀三维形状的动物消耗性产品。
发明内容
在第一例示性实施方案中,本发明是关于一种通过挤制作用由可食用组合形成具有选定形状的嚼咬玩具的方法,包含以下步骤:提供一个挤制机,包括一个料筒及一个模具,所述模具具有一个可提供多种截面尺寸的可调式孔口; 以及提供一种可挤制组合物,包含可食用树脂及水。之后可将所述组合物导入所述料筒中,并对所述组合物施以剪切及热以形成一个熔融体;输送所述熔融体通过所述孔口同时改变所述孔口的截面尺寸,以形成一个挤制物,所述挤制物的厚度尺寸随其长度而改变。所述组合物中的水含量是足够在所述孔口的截面尺寸改变的情况下而输送所述组合物通过所述孔口时,改变所述组合物的截面。
在另一例示性实施方案中,本发明是关于一种通过挤制作用从可食用组合物形成具有选定形状的嚼咬玩具,包含以下步骤:提供一个第一挤制机、一个第二挤制机及一个第三挤制机,其中所述第一挤制机包括一个第一轮廓模具,第二挤制机包括一个第二轮廓模具及所述第三挤制机包括一个第三轮廓模具。之后可提供一种第一可食用组合物至所述第一挤制机、一种第二可食用组合物至所述第二挤制机及一种第三可食用组合物至所述第三挤制机;以及加工所述第一组合物和第二组合物通过所述第一挤制机和所述第二挤制机,包括通过所述第一轮廓模具和第二轮廓模具以形成一个第一挤制物和一个第二挤制物。之后在一定型模具中将所述第一挤制物和第二挤制物彼此衔接,所述定型模具具有一个实质上与所述第一轮廓模具和第二轮廓模具的结合形状相同形状的开口。之后可加工所述第三组合物通过所述第三挤制机,包括通过所述第三轮廓模具,以形成一个第三挤制物;以及在一个第二定型模具中间歇地衔接所述第三挤制物与所述经结合的第一挤制物和第二挤制物,所述第二定型模具具有一个实质上与所述第一轮廓模具、第二轮廓模具和第三轮廓模具的结合形状相同形状的开口。
在又一实施方案中,本发明是关于一种通过挤制作用从可食用组合物形成具有选定形状的嚼咬玩具,包含以下步骤:提供一个挤制机,包括一个料筒及一个模具,以及提供一种可挤制组合物,包含可食用树脂及水。之后可将所述组合物导入所述料筒中,并对所述组合物施以剪切及热以形成一个熔融体;输送所述熔融体通过所述模具,以形成一个挤制物;以及传送所述挤制物至共同作业模子凹槽间,所述共同作业模子凹槽具有形成所述嚼咬玩具形状的互补形状,所述挤制物处于可使所述挤制物在所述共同作业模子凹槽中形成的温度及水分程度。之后可将所述挤制物形成所述嚼咬玩具形状。
在再一例示性实施方案中,本发明是关于一种通过挤制作用从可食用组合物形成具有选定形状的嚼咬玩具,包含以下步骤:提供一个挤制机,包括一个料筒及一个模具;以及提供可挤制组合物,包含可食用树脂及水。之后可将所述组合物导入所述料筒中,并对所述组合物施以剪切及热以形成一个熔融体;以及输送所述熔融体通过所述模具,以形成一个挤制物。之后可提供一个表面以接收所述挤制物;以及在所述表面上以预定图案引导所述模具,以将所述挤制物以所述预定图案置放在所述表面上。
以下将以本发明中的实施方案详加阐述本发明特征及优点,所述阐述应与随附的附图一同参考。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一个例示性挤制机的示意截面图。
图2为根据本发明的一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的侧面图。
图3为图2中的犬类嚼咬物的端视图。
图4为用于形成图2中的犬类嚼咬物的可调式模具的第一例示性实施方案的正视图,包括多个伸展开的交互作用且相邻的滑动式板,以形成供挤制物所用的成型孔口。
图5为图4的滑动式板在几乎拢合位置的正视图,其中所述几乎拢合位置提供用于嚼咬物间连结部分的孔口。
图6为另一个可调式模具的正视图,包括一个可通过外部的击压构件而变形为所要求形状的可挠性环体或可挠性管体。
图7为另一个可调式模具的正视图,包括以旋转方式作业的板以形成供挤制物所用的可调式开口。
图8为一个可调式挤制模具的正视图,包括可调式凸起物,可形成所述模具的部分周边并可调节深度以改变模具开口的形状。
图9A为一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的透视图,所述嚼咬物是通过挤制两个相似“逗号型”挤制物并将其组合而形成。图9B则显示添加一个第三同型挤制物以形成一个三瓣状犬类嚼咬物。
图9C为一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的透视图,所述嚼咬物是通过挤制两个相似 的弯形挤制物并将其结合而形成。图9D则显示添加一个第三心型挤制物以形成一个不同的瓣状犬类嚼咬物。
图10为用于制造图9A至9D的犬类嚼咬物的加工及设备流程的示意图。
图11为使用配备有共同作业模子凹槽的交互作用轮体而将挤制物形成三维犬类嚼咬物的设备的侧视图。
图11A为图11交互作用轮体中的一个模子凹槽的放大图。
图12为使用配备有共同作业模子凹槽的交互作用带体而将挤制物形成三维犬类嚼咬物的设备的侧视图。
图13为一机械工作站的示意图,包括一个根据本发明的挤制机。
图13A为图13中一个不同模塑表面的透视图,包括一个用于犬类嚼咬物的模子凹槽。
图14A为一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的透视图,所述犬类嚼咬物是通过图13的机械工作台所形成。
图14B为另一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的透视图,所述犬类嚼咬物是通过图13的机械工作台所形成。
图15为再一个例示性犬类嚼咬物的透视图,所述犬类嚼咬物是通过一对根据本发明的旋转挤制模具所形成。
具体实施方式
以下将呈现并详述本发明的较佳实施方案以使本领域的技术人员能轻易了解本发明的其他目的及优点。当明了本发明也可实现成其他不同的实施方案,且可在不背离本发明的情况下对多个细节进行几种局部改良。因此以下内容应视为本质上的例示说明,而非限制性说明。
对于在本发明各个实施方案中相同的元件,实施方案间的数值代号是保持不变的,但对原有代号以字母符号作区隔。换句话说,例如在第一实施方案中以10代表的元件是对应于在后续实施方案中以10A、10B等代表的元件。因此,在一个实施方案中使用一代号来代表一元件时,在另一实施态样中相同的元件也要使用相同的代号,但以字母符号作区隔。
根据本发明揭露一种制造可食用产品的方法,采用挤制混合可食用树脂与 选定量的添加物,包括水及其它填充物,的熔融体,之后成型为非均匀形状的三维物件。此种成型可于具有可调式开口的模具组中,使淀粉基质熔融体通过所述可调式开口离开挤制机而实现;及/或以后形成设备直接在模具组的下游成型挤制物。较佳地,本文中所述的产物是制造成嚼咬玩具的形状,以及其他供宠物用的相似成型产品。
本文中的可食用树脂为可被动物摄取及消化的树脂。在此,本文中的可食用树脂不包括石油基质树脂产品,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯及/或其他直接源自石油副产品的聚合物(例如,源自衍生自石油的单体并接着进行聚合)。因此,可食用树脂的实例包括淀粉、蔬菜及/或植物性蛋白质、肉基质材料等,其一般可被动物摄取及消化。
在本文中使用“非均匀”一词为如犬类嚼咬物、动物玩具等成型物件,其不具有固定截面的轮廓,反而可随此物件的长度及/或宽度及/或高度改变尺寸,以至改变形状。换句话说,物件的宽度及高度较佳可随其长度改变。
根据本发明,可使用任何天然糖类或源自蔬菜的糖类(主要由直链淀粉(amylose)及/或支链淀粉(amylopectin)所组成)来形成可食用组合物。此可萃取自各种例如马铃薯、稻米、树薯(tapioca)和玉米的植物和例如黑麦、燕麦及小麦的谷物。淀粉也可萃取自水果、坚果及根茎(rhizomes);或者自竹芋(arrowroot)、瓜尔胶(guar gum)、刺槐豆(locust bean)、秘鲁胡萝卜(arracacha)、荞麦(buckwheat)、香蕉、大麦、木薯(cassava)、蒟蒻(konjac)、葛藤(kudzu)、酢浆果(oca)、西谷米(sago)、高粱(sorghum)、甘薯(sweet potato)、芋(taro)、山药(yams)、蚕豆(fava bean)、扁豆(lentil)及碗豆(pea)。淀粉以及任何其它可食用材料或树脂的存量可为约30%至约99%,包括所有增量及其中的值,例如高于约50%、85%等程度。然而,尤其较佳为马铃薯淀粉玉米淀粉粉末及其混合物。
在本文中所采用的淀粉可为生淀粉(raw starch),可理解为未经前热性模塑处理(prior thermal molding history)的淀粉,例如挤制作用或其他类型的熔融体加工步骤。然而,本文中的淀粉也可例如为因干燥目的而进行加热的(不会发展成前热性模塑处理)。生淀粉本身也可为天然的,可理解为通过萃取作用而以原始形式回收且未经物理或化学改质的未经改质的淀粉。生淀粉也可呈不同的颗粒尺寸的粉体形式,可理解为经研磨且/或未过筛的(pre-sifted)。应理解生淀粉也可存在不同程度的水分。
淀粉组合物可包括纤维素。纤维素可例如为多糖体糖类的长链聚合物。纤维素也可衍生或萃取自植物。以淀粉组合物的重量计,并入淀粉组合物中的纤维素量可为约1%至15%,含任何介于其中的增量或数值,包括4%、10%、11%等。
也可在淀粉组合物中并入乳化剂或表面活性剂。以淀粉组合物的重量计,乳化剂的存在量可为约1%至100%,含所有介于其中的增量及数值,包括3%、4%等。乳化剂可包括例如卵磷脂,其可萃取或衍生自例如蛋黄或大豆。
淀粉组合物也可包括塑化剂。塑化剂可例如包括甘油。塑化剂的并入量可为约15%至30%,包括所有介于其中的增量及数值,例如大于15%、21%、27%等程度。
在淀粉组合物中也可并入保湿剂。保湿剂可例如包括燕麦纤维。以淀粉组合物的重量计,保湿剂的并入量可为约0.1%至5%,包括所有介于其中的间值(intervals)及数值,包括1%、2.5%等。保湿剂可理解为任何可在材料中吸收水的添加物。
可食用树脂(例如淀粉)也可包括水。以淀粉组合物的重量计,导入所述组合物中的水量可为约1%至40%,含任何介于其中的增量或数值(以1%增长),例如包括2%至39%、3%至38%等。较佳地,水分程度是足够到允许在避免树脂分解的温度下于模具中连续地形成组合物。此较佳的程度可为10重量%至30重量%、10重量%至20重量%或10重量%至15重量%,其后开始朝所要求的最终产品水分程度(即10重量%至15重量%)变动。
因此,在形成产品后,以可食用(例如淀粉)组合物的重量计,水的存在量可为10%至15%,包括所有介于其中的增量或数值,例如10%、11%、12%、13%、14%或15%(以重量计)。然而,根据本发明,本领域中的技术人员将明了所述数值仅为优选值,可从本文中所提供的广义教示中视情况选择其他水分程度。
可食用(例如淀粉)组合物可包括营养品。营养品可为发酵大豆。发酵大豆可商购自Bio Food股份有限公司(潘布克,纽泽西州),销售的惯用商品名 称为Soynatto.RTM.。以淀粉组合物的重量计,发酵大豆的存在量可为约1%至40%,包括所有介于其中的增量及数值,包括10%、20%等。
可食用(例如淀粉)组合物可包括酵素及/或辅助酵素(co-enzymes),同样可商购自Bio Food股份有限公司(潘布克,纽泽西州),销售的惯用商品名称为BT-CoQ10.RTM.。据报导,此为一种生物转型(发酵)细胞粒线体的辅助酵素,含辅助酵素Q10(Coenzyme Q10)、抗氧化剂、植物营养素(phytonutrient)及辅因子矿物营养素(cofactor mineral nutrients)和其他细胞成分。以淀粉组合物的重量计,酵素及/或辅助酵素的存在量可为0.1%至10%,包括所有介于其中的增量及数值,例如1%、5%等。
同样地,可在所述组合物中导入其他添加物。这些添加物可包括蔬菜物质;水果物质;牛皮;坚果、坚果小块或如花生粉的坚果粉末,和动物或鱼类产品、副产品、粗粉(meal)或分解物等。也可在淀粉组合物中并入麸质(gluten)。麸质可理解为萃取自如玉麦(maize)或玉米及小麦的谷粒的非水溶性蛋白质络合物。以淀粉组合物的重量计,这些添加物各自或共计存在量可为约0.1%至50%,含所有介于其中的增量及数值,包括0.1%至5.0%、15%、25%等。
另外,可在可食用(例如淀粉)组合物中并入香料、草药、草药萃取物、维生素、矿物质、颜料、酵母产品、引诱剂等。酵母产品可包括营养酵母(nutritional yeast)或啤酒酵母(brewers yeast)如酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)、乳制品酵母(dairy yeast)如马克斯克鲁维酵母菌(kluyveromyce marxianus)、或葡萄酒酵母(wine yeast)如发酵酵母菌(saccharomyces fermentati)。引诱剂可包括本文中所列的化合物,例如动物或鱼类分解物;或者其他可增加动物对淀粉组合物兴趣的化合物。以淀粉组合物的重量计,这些添加物的各自或共计存在量可为约0.01%至25%,含任何介于其中的增量或数值,包括0.01%至0.5%、10%、20%等。所述组合物中也可包括碳酸钙。碳酸钙的存在量可为约5%至10%之间。
可食用(例如淀粉)组合物可通过一个漏斗或其它进料装置102而直接导入挤制机100的料筒中,如图1所示。在一个优选的方法中,可考虑在导入漏斗之前将淀粉组合物中的成分掺混在一起,所述成分也可掺混成多份次配制物(sub-formulation)并加至漏斗中,或甚至各成分个别地导入漏斗中。可考虑各种用来将添加物导入料筒中的进料装置,包括失重补偿型的重力掺混机/进料机(loss-in weight gravimetric blender/feeders)、螺旋式进料机(auger feeder)、文丘里型填装机(venturi loader)等。
本领域的技术人员会了解挤制机100一般可包含一个包括一个进料段106的料筒104、一根螺杆108及一个输出喷嘴110。料筒104可包括多个在料筒中自进料段106延伸至喷嘴100的温度控制区段112、114、116、118。所述喷嘴可对一个轮廓模具120进料,所述轮廓模具120可进行调节,以在挤制物离开时可调节所述模具中孔口122的形状,从而可改变挤制物的形状并可冷却形成具有非均匀尺寸的动物玩具或嚼咬物。邻近模具120的箭头代表模具可相对于挤制物进行旋转,且/或在挤制加工期间,当须要改变轮廓形状及尺寸时可开启或关闭模具孔口122,从而可沿长度改变挤制物的宽度及厚度以提供非均匀的形状。
本文中所使用的“挤制物”代表一种熔融组合物,其以连续体的形式受力通过一个成型孔口,且除非受到其他作用,否则其可维持接近孔口的形状,直到所述组合物冷却为止。
下列表1显示在制造本发明的非均匀成型产品时各个加工参数的范围。
表1
挤制机中的各个加热区段可设定在不同的温度,以对一个可调式挤制模具提供一个在压力下具有流动能力的各成分的均匀掺混物作为熔融体。通过提供沿料筒的温度分布(自进料区段至模具)并结合给定的滞留时间及剪切速率,使淀粉组合物在不造成总体分解的情况下可包括热敏性成分。
此外,在进行塑炼时,挤制机料筒中的熔融体可在挤制机料筒与螺杆间受到一剪切速率,剪切速率可在约1/秒至约5,000/秒的范围,含所有介于其中的增量(举例而言,如1000/秒、900/秒、800/秒或700/秒等)。
在模塑加工时,优选使至少0.1%至50%的热敏性添加物(例如维生素、矿物质及草药)维持未分解,最优选使至少75%,再更优选使至少80%至90%,而在一个最优选实施方案中使超过90%的热敏性添加物未被热分解。此作法之后可使这些添加物分散在本发明的模塑嚼咬玩具中并保存住状态,以维持其营养或治疗价值。
在一个例示性实施方案中,(在挤制作用之前)预调节器中的可食用(例如淀粉)组合物的水含量可先设定在约10重量%至40重量%的范围(相较于淀粉重量),其混合物可通过在一Wenger DDC预调节器中混合淀粉与水而获得,所述预调节器提供受控的预先湿润作用(pre-moisturization)并完全地混合水与淀粉材料。之后可将淀粉/水组合物置入一个挤制机中,关于此,优选为商购自Wenger公司的Wenger TX Magum挤制机。虽然双螺杆作业是优选的,但也可考虑使用单螺杆挤制机。最后,在本发明的情况下,在挤制过程中装于挤制机中的水分程度优选是降低的,可采用一个可排放的挤制机,其中此排放是降低水分程度至所要求的程度。为帮助此种水分程度变化,优选可对挤制机施加一轻微的真空,藉此对其内的挤制物提供较有效的除水作用。
图2为一个根据本发明的例示性犬类嚼咬物10的侧视图,包括一个中心轴12和在各端部上的骨状髁体14。图3为图2犬类嚼咬物的端视图。附图标记16为在通过挤制作用形成嚼咬物时,在相邻嚼咬物间延伸的连结部位,以使挤制物可以连续形式处理,之后(视需要,在包装时、储存时或在家中)分离成各别的嚼咬物。附图标记20代表一个嚼咬物的截面如何在挤制加工期间改变尺寸及形状的实例。此外,应注意所示的轴12并非具有恒定截面,如同本领域的技术人员对于挤制加工可预期的结果;且嚼咬物10的端部14改变形状更甚(尤其参 照图3)。此种犬类嚼咬物可使用一种供挤制物所用的模具形成,其中此种模具中的孔口可在挤制物受力通过其中时改变尺寸,以制造如图2的非均匀形状。
在一个第一例示性实施方案中,挤制机中的孔口可由多个交互作用板形成,所述板各自于其内部具有一个成型的部分开口,所述板可相对于彼此滑动,使部分开口是至少部分重合并提供所要求的形状的截面(孔口)(请见图1中交叉箭头)。所述板可在彼此的相对位置上进行变化,可形成一小的连结部位(例如图2中的16),或者一个球根形状(例如可形成髁体14),各个板内的部分开口与其它部分开口共同作业以形成挤制物的一部分周边。此外,可形成一个中间成型开口(例如形成图2中嚼咬物的轴12)。在挤制物受力通过模具时使所述板相对置放,可形成一个多变化的非均匀形状,如图2所示。所述板可以机械、气压或液压手段进行移动,且所述手段可为可程控的。相较于嚼咬玩具中的主要部位或端部部位,所述连结部位可具有较小的截面尺寸,所谓的“较小”是指在约10%至约95%的范围,含所有介于其中的增量(例如11%、25%、55%等)。
延伸说明,如图4所示,多个相邻的可滑动板30、32、34及36(各具有一个沿单一端部形成的部分开口31、33、35及37)可在箭头方向上进行移动以改变所述板间的结合开口(孔口39)的尺寸,藉此提供一个可形成挤制物的可调式截面模具120A(例如针对图2中的髁体14)。部分开口31、33、35及37可各自设计成复合曲线,以在通过例如可滑动板30、32、34、36的特定置放而进行交互连结时形成一个或多个供待挤制物件所用的截面。将板相对于彼此拢合可形成一个某程度上较小的开口,以例如使挤制物形成轴12;而进一步再将板相对于彼此拢合可产生如图3所示的连结部位16的截面。因此,可以连续式挤制加工操作,以产生具多变化的非均匀截面的物件,所述物件是交互连接的并可于以后分离以单独使用。
在一个例示性实施方案中,如图3所示,挤制物可包括一个或多个成型端部14,其截面尺寸超过所述挤制物中其他部位16、20的截面尺寸,其中所述一个或多个成型端部包括多个突出表面。此种成型端部可为球根形状,例如髁体。
图5显示模具120A中的板在几乎完全拢合在一起的位置,以形成开口39A,可从其将挤制物形成犬类嚼咬物的连结部位16。虽然图4及图5显示4个交互作 用的可滑动板,然而可使用任何数目,数目越大,挤制物的外部特征的细节就越精细。还可考虑以其他线性滑动方式共同操作板且可使所述板相对于彼此旋转(鸢尾花方式)或某些旋转和线性交互作用的组合操作。图7显示使用4个相邻的板52、54、56、58,所述板通过沿一个枢轴点50旋转(标注箭头)而在一旋转基面上交互作用。各个板包括一个复杂的曲线边缘51、53、55、57,在相对于彼此的适当位置下共同作业以形成模具120C中的截面59,其可制造具有图3髁体形状的挤制物。
在一个相关的实施方案中,模具可在挤制物刚露出时绕着挤制物旋转以产生详细的特征,例如相对于犬类嚼咬物的长轴以非线性的方式所形成的髁体。换句话说,通过绕着挤制物的长轴旋转模具,可形成扭曲的挤制物。见图1中的椭圆型箭头。此可提供再更多样的挤制非均匀形状。
在另一个相关实施方案中,挤制模具可包括多个可挤制挤制物的孔口(例如2个),且所述模具相对于挤制物流E4、E5旋转以形成“扭曲”犬类嚼咬物516,如图15所示。换句话说,所述模具可绕着位于模具间的平面旋转。进一步可考虑E4和E5具有不同的组合物及/或特性以提供嚼咬玩具的变化性。
在另一个例示性实施方案中,可调式模具120B可包含一个呈环状或管状的可挠性构件42,其可在对所述环体或管体周边的一个或多个区域局部施压的情况下变型成各种形状。图6显示一环体或管体构件42,优选是由相对耐热且可挠的塑胶或橡胶所形成,可承受挤制淀粉基质组合物时所面临的温度。多个击压构件(stroking member)46可位于所述环体的周边。所述击压构件可内伸及外缩,这种内伸及/或外缩可造成环体或管体改变形状并改变受力通过其中的挤制物的形状。所述击压构件可附于环体或管体42,以产生圆边状的向外扭曲及向内位移。
在管体的情况下,击压构件可包括长杆体或刃体(未示出),其沿管体长度运行以实质上沿着管体整个长度变形管体。在一个相关的实施方案中,击压构件是经过设计以沿着管体的长度改变开口的截面,使挤制物的截面形状自挤制物进入管体的进入点至构成最终形状的离开点逐渐缩减,并因此可减少任何反压的骤升或熔融体的过度加工。虽然图6显示为圆形,但环体或管体42的原始截面可为任何可形成所要求的挤制物截面的形状,包括几何形状及复杂曲线 的组合,例如图2犬类嚼咬物中的髁体形状。优选地,所述环体或管体包括一个或多个稳定器44,以辅助控制原始形状的变形作用。
击压构件46可呈气压或液压圆柱体的形状并具有可变击压体以造成环体或管体的局部形状改变。在挤制物受力通过模具120B时,击压距离及顺序可为可程控改变的。
在一个相关的实施方案中,图6中的环体或管体42可由外部通过如图4、5及7所示的可滑动板(取代击压构件)作用以变形环体并将环体成型为所要求的的孔口以供挤制物所用。此可用于当挤制物粘度低至足以造成相邻可滑动板间密封问题的情况。
在另一个例示性实施方案中,挤制模具120D(见图8)可经过设计以在挤制机的出口形成一个供淀粉基质熔融体所用的孔口60,孔口具有任何动物嚼咬物或宠物玩具所要求的的几何形状。孔口60周边61的部位62可经位移以操控孔口的形状及受力通过孔口的熔融体的形状。图8显示一种位移手段,包括可通过螺纹段64而改变突出深度的突出部位62。可考虑使所述模具同样具有可移动的刃体部位。当所述熔融体受力通过孔口60时,改变一个或多个突出物62的深度以在所述挤制物周边形成沟槽、波浪或凸块会是所要求的。所述突出部位可通过机械、气压或液压手段移动且所述手段可为可程控的。
此外,可将模具及/或挤制物相对于彼此扭曲以在挤制物上形成螺旋形式的特征(见图1中的椭圆型箭头)。所述模具可通过附加一个以马达驱动的链体或带体旋转。挤制物可通过附加一个牵引机并接着使所述牵引机绕着挤制物旋转以赋予扭曲力的方式扭曲。因此,可提供具有包括此种扭曲的外部特征的挤制物。
在一个相关的实施方案中,来自模具120D的挤制物可导入一个具有螺旋沟槽或突出物的管体,以在冷却挤制物期间于某些点上赋予挤制物相对小的扭曲,与外部旋转模具或挤制物相反。
可考虑使用旋转刀片、截切机(guillotine)、热线锯(hot wire)等,从连续的挤制物裁切出各个具有给定不均匀形状的犬类嚼咬物。在一个例示性实施态样中,所述挤制物可使用具有多个刃体的“成排刀具(gang cutter)”裁切。所述刀具是在挤制物的运送方向上往复运送,以一次截断多个连结部位,且如此作业不会明显影响挤制速率。换句话说,可使用具有多个相隔开的刃体的刀具以同时自挤制物上裁切出例如2、10或20个嚼咬玩具。因此可仅影响约5%或约10%的挤制速率。
也可考虑使进料至形状形成模具的挤制机包括一个加速机,以在不会实质上影响料筒内熔融体的品质的情况下,可通过所述模具的形状变化,改变挤制物的通量;或者可实现间歇输出。可将加速机置放在模具的上游位置,其中熔融体输送通过挤制机并进入加速机中,之后再通过模具。
在另一个例示性实施方案中,犬类嚼咬物或动物玩具可通过从多个挤制模具中提供挤制物并结合所述挤制物以形成多瓣的犬类嚼咬物的方式来形成三维形状。在本文中所用的“瓣”或“瓣式”是指自另一种形状延伸的圆边突出物,例如四叶幸运草有四个瓣。
图9A显示犬类嚼咬物80,通过在一个成型模具中结合两个源自两个分开但相同模具的“逗号形”挤制物EA、EC并沿长度裁切产品而形成的。图9B显示添加一个具有相似截面的第三挤制物EB并进料至一经调节的成型模具中以产生不同的三瓣状形状82。
图10显示提供此种瓣状形状的示意配置图,包括多个挤制机210、220、230,各具有一个轮廓模具212、222、232;一个进料装置A、B、C及一个料筒A1、B1、C1。符合图9A,挤制物EA和EC可在模具210、230中形成所要求的的形状,且在熔融体尚可成型并可粘结在一起时于成型模具242中结合所述挤制物。之后可制造例如具有如图9A所示轮廓的挤制物ED,并沿长度裁切以形成成型的犬类嚼咬物。通过添加一个源自挤制机220和模具222的第三挤制物EB并调节结合模具242的形状,可制得如图9B所示、具有第三瓣EB的形状82,为连续式制造加工的一部分。
在一个相关的实施方案中,可结合非相似形状的挤制物以形成其他不同形状的犬类嚼咬物。图9C显示结合两个相似的、具有弯曲轮廓的挤制物EA1及EC1(可在一个成型模具中结合),并沿长度裁切以形成“V”形或“U”形的犬类嚼咬物84。添加心形瓣挤制物EB1则提供不同形状86,如图9D所示。
通过第三模具间歇地加工第三挤制物,可以结合二流、三流交替的方式提供不同的结合挤制物形状。
在另一个例示性实施方案中是通过挤制作用提供具有非均匀三维形状的犬类嚼咬物或动物玩具,可借助使熔融体受力通过挤制模具的方式将淀粉基质可食用组合物形成挤制物,并于其后直接将挤制物置放于配合工具间以形成所要求的形状。所述工具可为在形成加工中将嚼咬物/玩具分离成部分,或形成连结相邻形状的连结部位(见图2中的16),以形成嚼咬物/玩具的连续流。以此方式可连续加工。
图11显示一个直接将挤制物以连续方式形成所要求的形状的装置的例示性实施方案。可提供具有多个相配合的凹槽320的交互作用轮体300、302,所述凹槽是置于或加工于轮体300、302的外周边上,凹槽320各自包含半个图2犬类嚼咬物的形状(例如,见图2中沿嚼咬物11-11线纵向所取的段)。在挤制物304离开挤制模具(见图11左方箭头)时通过轮体300、302间并通过配合的凹槽320形成形状。配合的凹槽320包含补偿形状,当通过置放交互作用轮体而配合在一起时形成一个具有一个例如图2犬类嚼咬物形状的结合凹槽的模具组。可在一个或二个轮体300、302上提供一个或多个裁切刃体306,以当挤制物304通过所述轮体时将挤制物304截断。
图11A为图11轮体300中一个配合的凹槽部位的放大侧视图,显示一个可与轮体302中的补偿凹槽配合的半凹槽320,以在通过轮体的交互作用而使所述凹槽受力在一起时,可形成具有结合凹槽形状的物件(例如图2中的犬类嚼咬物)。
在一个相关的实施方案中,图11所示的下方轮体302可置换成一静止表面,且在挤制物304离开挤制模具(见图11中的左方箭头)时通过上方轮体300与所述静止表面之间以通过凹槽320形成形状。在此加工中,犬类嚼咬物10可在下表面上形成一个恒定轮廓(例如平面)。可进一步考虑使所述静止表面呈凹状,之后使犬类嚼咬物的下表面包括一个凸状表面或弯曲表面。
图12为一个用来形成长形犬类嚼咬物的类似装置的侧视图,包含一对沿其表面配备有一系列相配合的凹槽420的共同作业带体400、402。带体400、402可在辊轮间进行拉伸。在挤制物404进料至所述带体之间时(见左方箭头),所述相配合的凹槽将拢合在一起以形成所要求的形状的结合凹槽,且挤制物在相配合的凹槽420中成型。可输出例如具有图2所示形状的犬类嚼咬物10。
可考虑沿图12的带体适当地放置补偿性刀刃体,以将犬类嚼咬物截断成包 括一个或多个犬类嚼咬物的片段。此外,可考虑通过在相邻的凹槽间置放连结狭缝,以在相邻的犬类嚼咬物间形成连结部位16,或可不存在狭缝以通过相配合的凹槽形成单独、分离的嚼咬物。
在又一个例示性实施方案中,挤制模具可相对于模塑表面移动以形成非均匀、三维成型的犬类嚼咬物。图13为一工作站的示意代表图,所述工作站是通过进料熔融体至一个位置由一个引导设备(例如多轴机械、x-y桌等)所控制的模具中,以将挤制物熔融体挤制于一个表面上。所述装置可经程控以将挤制物以定义图案放至在一个模塑桌的表面上;或者可经程控以将给定量的挤制物分布在一置于桌上的模子凹槽中。如图1所示的挤制机100可包括多个加热区段112、114、116、118及一个挤制模具120。挤制模具120可通过可挠式连轴器506连结至机械500中臂体502的端部,所述的连轴器506可递送所述熔融体至所述机械上并且可稍微屈曲以使机械头504以一预定图案移动以递送挤制物E至模塑表面520上。供机械500所用的控制单元508提供信号以改变所述头对所述模塑表面的位置,并藉此定位由所述头所射出的挤制物E。
此外,可考虑使挤制头504静止,且使模塑表面520相对于所述头而在横、纵及垂直面(“X”、“Y”及“Z”)方向上移动,以操控来自模具的挤制物E呈一个复杂形状(例如饼干(pretzel)形状、草写的文字或片语510等)。
在另一个相关的实施方案中,见图13A,模塑表面520可包含一个第一模子凹槽530,可通过机械500将一堆具有预定尺寸或重量的挤制物分布于其中。之后将一个相配合的第二模子凹槽(未示出)置放于第一凹槽上以形成一封闭的凹槽空间供成型物件(例如犬类嚼咬物)所用。
在再一个相关实施方案中,源自机械头504的挤制物E(图13)可以通过所述机械头以选择性加入连续条体(passes)的方式递送以建立形状,可建立例如犬类嚼咬物的形状。如图14A所示,可在模塑表面520放上两条平行的挤制物E1及E2,使两条体沿其长度接触并在冷却时彼此粘结以形成犬类嚼咬物512。可通过例如在所述嚼咬物的端部暂时暂停机械500的纵向移动以累积挤制物E来形成端部92及94。
图14B显示犬类嚼咬物514的另一种形状,其可通过以下方式形成:使机械头504以回圈方式旋转、形成相对直线的挤制物、以另一个回圈形成中心部位 E3及两个关结状的较大端部部位96和98。
也可考虑使图4、6、7、8中的可调式模具结合于图13的机械工作站,或者用以制多道如图10的挤制物,以制成非均匀的挤制物,其可在一个成型模具中结合在一起或通过一个多臂机械递送至一个模塑表面上。在一个例示性实施方案中,可挠性连轴器506可作用为储蓄槽以在孔口尺寸调整时补偿通量变化,并且减少挤制机料筒内熔融体的过度剪切。
虽然上述已显示且描述本发明中的特定实施方案,本领域技术人员应明白可在不背离本发明的精神及范围下可进行各种其他变化及修饰。因此,权利要求书旨在涵盖所有本发明范围内的此种变化及修饰。
Claims (23)
1.一种通过挤制作用由可食用组合物形成具有选定形状的嚼咬玩具的方法,包含以下步骤:
提供一个挤制机,包括一个料筒及一个模具,所述模具具有一个可提供多种截面尺寸的可调式孔口;
提供一种可挤制组合物,包含可食用树脂及水;
将所述组合物导入所述料筒中,并对所述组合物施以剪切及加热以形成一个熔融体;
以一选定的输出速率输送所述熔融体通过所述孔口同时改变所述孔口的截面尺寸,以形成一个挤制物,所述挤制物的厚度尺寸随其长度而改变,其中:
所述组合物的水含量是足够在所述孔口的截面尺寸改变的情况下而输送所述组合物通过所述孔口时,改变所述组合物的截面;且
所述挤制物包含多个片段,各自由连结部位分离;
所述方法进一步包含同步裁切多个所述连结部位以提供多个经形成的嚼咬玩具,且所述裁切使所述选定的输出速率未降低超过10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述足以在输送所述组合物通过所述孔口时改变所述组合物的截面的所述组合物水含量,是在10重量%至30重量%的范围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水含量是在10重量%至20重量%的范围。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水含量是在15重量%至20重量%的范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述挤制机提供1/秒至5000/秒的剪切速率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述经形成的嚼咬玩具具有一个最大截面尺寸,而所述连结部位的截面尺寸是小于或等于所述嚼咬玩具最大截面尺寸的10%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括一个位于所述模具之前的储蓄槽,其中所述熔融体是输送通过所述挤制机进入所述储蓄槽,之后再进入所述模具。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述选定的输出速率未降低超过5%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包含调节所述孔口的所述尺寸,以在所述挤制物中间歇地形成所述连结部位。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述具有可调式孔口的模具包含多个相邻的可滑动式交互作用板,所述板各自沿一个边缘具有一个成型的部分开口,所述板的所述边缘的所述部分开口是至少部分重合,以提供所述待成型的挤制物一个或多个所要求的截面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的多个板是以线性的方式交互作用以形成所述的所要求的截面。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的多个板是以旋转的方式交互作用以形成所述的所要求的截面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述挤制物包括一个或多个成型的端部,所述端部的截面尺寸是超过所述挤制物中另一部分的截面尺寸,其中所述一个或多个成型的端部包括多个突出表面。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模具包括一个可挠性环体或可挠性管体,所述环体或管体具有一个外周边及多个接合在所述外周边上的击压构件,所述击压构件相对于所述挤制物的移动使所述挤制物成型。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述击压构件包含多个相邻的交互作用板,所述板各自沿一个边缘具有成型的部分开口,所述板的所述边缘的所述部分开口是接合在所述环体或管体的所述周边上,以提供所述挤制物一种或多种所要求的形状。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述环体包含橡胶或塑胶。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述挤制物离开所述模具时,所述模具是绕着所述挤制物旋转。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模具包括经片段化的周边,一个或多个所述片段是被所述孔口所取代。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括一个与所述模具分隔开的第二挤制模具,并且挤制一个与所述挤制物平行的第二挤制物,其中所述模具和所述第二挤制模具是绕着位于所述模具之间的轴旋转,以形成一扭曲的挤制物。
20.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可挤制组合物包括纤维素、甘油、营养品、酵素、辅助酵素、麸质及牛皮的一种或多种。
21.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可挤制组合物包括以下添加物的一种或多种:维生素、矿物质、草药、表面活性剂、乳化剂、保湿剂、香料、颜料、酵母、引诱剂及碳酸钙。
22.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可食用树脂包括未经前热性模塑处理的淀粉。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,通过对所述组合物施以剪切及热以形成熔融体,至少约0.1%至50%的维生素、矿物质及草药未被热分解。
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- 2010-09-28 MX MX2012004142A patent/MX348236B/es active IP Right Grant
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US9060528B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
EP2485882A1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
AU2010303738B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
US20130251872A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
MX2012004142A (es) | 2012-10-15 |
WO2011043959A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
CA2776767A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
EP2485882B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
CN102470598A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
MX348236B (es) | 2017-05-29 |
JP5689125B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
EP2485882A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
AU2010303738A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
JP2013506432A (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
CA2776767C (en) | 2018-02-27 |
US20110081453A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
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