CN102458939A - 液压助力的液压制动系统 - Google Patents

液压助力的液压制动系统 Download PDF

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CN102458939A
CN102458939A CN2010800248702A CN201080024870A CN102458939A CN 102458939 A CN102458939 A CN 102458939A CN 2010800248702 A CN2010800248702 A CN 2010800248702A CN 201080024870 A CN201080024870 A CN 201080024870A CN 102458939 A CN102458939 A CN 102458939A
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circuit
electrically operated
operated valve
sensor
brake system
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C·安德森
A·于尔维克
B·贝莱里安
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/141Systems with distributor valve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/145Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326Hydraulic systems
    • B60T8/3265Hydraulic systems with control of the booster
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
    • B60T8/4086Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input the stroke simulating device being connected to, or integrated in the driver input device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • B60T8/441Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems using hydraulic boosters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

电动液压助力的液压制动系统,所述液压制动系统包括:一主缸(100),主缸包括一推力室(105)并按照指令通过一电动阀门(200)接纳来自一蓄压器(300)的加压制动液,电动阀门通过一计算机(400)基于由制动踏板(411)的传感器(410)提供的信号进行控制;和一电源(450),电源至少对电动阀门(200)、计算机(400)和传感器(410)进行供电。在探测到主电源(450)发生故障的情况下,辅助电源(470)通过计算机(400)以受控方式接通到电路(L0,L1,L2,L3),对计算机(400)、传感器(410)和电动阀门(200)进行供电,以对于有限次数的制动作用,允许电动阀门(200)的应急作动和对制动线路(C1,C2)的供电。

Description

液压助力的液压制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压助力的液压制动系统,所述液压制动系统包括:
-一主缸,该主缸包括一推力室并按照指令通过一电动阀门接纳来自一蓄压器的加压制动液,电动阀门基于由制动踏板的传感器提供的信号通过一计算机进行控制,
-一电源,该电源至少对电动阀门、计算机和传感器进行供电。
背景技术
在通过车载电路——典型地一交流发电机和12伏的一铅电池组——进行保证的供电出现故障时,制动不能在没有助力的情况下运行,这是由于电动液压助力消失:控制对主缸的控制腔室的供给的电动阀门不能被作动以使得,即便蓄压器包括一储量的加压液体,该储量不能作用在主缸上来控制制动动作。
应急运行只能机械地通过一控制杆进行保证,控制杆被然后直接地控制主缸的主活塞的制动踏板带动。
在故障运行的情况下,驾驶员应将提供一推力,该推力对应控制主缸的活塞(或在串列式主缸的情况下是主活塞)和通过可能的制动模拟器所施加的反作用所需的推力之和。
在某些情况下,尤其是对于不具有足够的作用力以在无助力的情况下进行制动的驾驶员,制动操作变得费力甚至困难。
与在机动车的供电故障的情况相比,这种情况是更为悖论的,对于数次制动作用,蓄压器可以甚至被充满和可以保证主缸的液压控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于开发一种液压助力或电动液压助力的液压制动系统,所述制动系统允许应急运行,在机动车车载电网的故障的情况下临时地用于对机动车进行制动。
为此,本发明涉及如上文所规定类型的一种液压制动系统,其特征在于,在探测到主电源的故障的情况下,接通到电路的一辅助电源对计算机、传感器和电动阀门进行供电,以对于有限次数的制动作用,允许电动阀门的应急作动和对制动电路进行供电。
因此根据本发明,辅助电源允许应急运行,其特征在于辅助电源唯一地连接到液压制动系统的必需组件上,允许:通过假定加压液体在蓄压器中的储量足够,在车载电网的故障的情况下液压地作动制动主缸。
这种解决方案并不在根本上排除从制动踏板通过在踏板上施加的动作对主缸进行直接的机械控制,所述动作超过通过可能的在踏板和主缸之间插置的制动模拟器施加的反作用,和从而在主缸的活塞上施加在由主缸进行控制的所述制动电路中产生制动压力所需的推力。
根据本发明的液压制动系统允许低成本地在主电路的故障的情况下进行对电动液压制动助力。
特别有利地,控制制动助力的机件,典型地电动阀门、计算机和传感器,独立地连接到车载电路的主电源,所述车载电路通过主电源直接进行供给。这简化对机动车的电路的管理,这是由于这种分离继而允许在主电源的故障的情况下,独立地和唯一地对电动阀门、计算机和传感器进行供给。不具有这样的风险:通过对可能在车载电路上接通的耗能器的供给无用地耗尽辅助电源。
这种通过一电子转换器进行控制的连接允许使用电动阀门、计算机和传感器的供电线路,主电源在电动阀门、计算机和传感器的供电线路上接通,没有将辅助电源输出进主电源中的风险,与电路的连接配有一单向电子组件,该单向电子组件如为禁止通过辅助电源对主电源进行充电的一个二极管。
辅助电源有利地由一小电池组或一电池组成,该小电池组或电池的电容足够允许较少次地作动应急部件(电动阀门、计算机和传感器),来控制制动助力。
辅助电源有利地与一运行指示灯连接,该运行指示灯指示辅助电源的工作状态,这允许向驾驶员警示:一方面主电源故障,和另一方面,在进行的制动中,使用辅助电源。这促使驾驶员对节约制动或优选地使用还是可用的电能来停下机动车。
根据另一有利的特征,控制辅助电源的使用的电子转换器是一可控硅整流器。
根据另一有利的特征,在电动液压助力的另一电耗能器——即与对电动阀门进行供给的电路相独立的电动泵、计算机和传感器——之间的连接,特别地这种连接直接地通过车载电网形成。这并不排除:对电动泵的控制通过计算机根据蓄压器的压力需要进行。
附图说明
将借助于在附图上示出的一种电动液压助力的液压制动系统的一实施例对本发明进行更为详细的描述,附图中:
-图1示出处于息止的根据本发明的液压制动系统;
-图2示出位于工作位置的根据本发明的制动系统。
具体实施方式
根据图1,根据本发明的电动液压助力的液压制动系统包括一主缸100,这里是一串列式主缸,主缸按照指令给两独立的制动电路C1、发C2供给液压油。主缸100配有一制动液储存器110。储存器包括一推力室105,按照指令,经过一电动阀门200,从一加压液体蓄压器300供给该推力室液压油(liquide hydraulique sous pression),蓄压器本身由一液压油源进行供给,该液压油源典型地是一主缸,主缸的一活塞被一发动机带动或被与液压油储存器100相连接的一电动泵350带动,该发动机有利地是电动机。
制动系统的运行由一计算机400进行管理,该计算机与给制动踏板411配备的一传感器410连接。
供电通过对机动车的车载电路460进行供给的一主电源450保证。可能是复杂的该电路460通过一长方形进行示意,长方形示出所有的电流使用器和耗能器。一辅助电源470与液压制动系统的某一组件相连接。
制动踏板411通过一传动机件120也与主缸100相连接。
更为详细地:
串列式主缸100包括两腔室101、102,两腔室被一浮动活塞或次活塞104分开。每个腔室分别地与其制动电路C1、C2相连接并分别地从储存器110进行供给。串列式主缸100包括一主活塞103,主活塞界定一控制腔室105,控制腔室接纳液压油,以控制主缸的作动。
活塞103由一控制杆122带动,如所示的,串列式主缸100配有传动机件120,传动机件同时作为一制动模拟器和一应急机械传动机件运行。
制动传感器410探测传递到控制杆122上的制动踏板411的运动,和向计算机400提供一信号SP。
安装在从蓄压器300对串列式主缸100的控制腔室105进行供给的供给管道230中的电动阀门200包括一滑块210和一电磁作动器220,该电磁作动器通过计算机400进行控制并通过一线路L1从主电源450被供给电能。
滑块210包括三个区域211、212、213,在处于工作位置时,三个区域分别保证:
a.从腔室105到储存器110的返回和蓄压器300的出口的切断,
b.腔室105的切断和蓄压器300的出口的切断,
c.在腔室105和蓄压器300之间的连通。
位置(a)是制动系统的中和位置(position neutre)。在制动踏板上没有施加任何压力和制动电路C1、C2相互中和。
位置(b)是阻止(blocage)位置:主缸的控制腔室105被阻止,这将主缸阻止在这样的位置中:在滑块210通过到位置(b)时,其活塞103、104位于该位置。该位置(b)还阻止蓄压器300的腔室303。该位置允许将制动助力保持恒定,而不消耗制动液。
位置(c)是制动系统的工作位置,即位置(c)允许从蓄压器300通过对腔室105进行供给的蓄压器的加压液体,在电动阀门的滑块位于该位置(c)中的整个期间对串列式主缸100进行控制。
加压液体蓄压器300包括一汽缸(cylindre)301,在该汽缸中活塞302界定接纳加压液体的一腔室303。活塞302与一反向弹簧组304相连接,如果活塞本身在腔室303中经受加压液体,反向弹簧组不能被活塞302再推动。
腔室303配有一压力传感器305,压力传感器将一压力信号SPR传送到计算机400。计算机400将该压力信号SPR与一定值信号进行比较并根据该比较,计算机控制对腔室303供给加压液体。
腔室303在出口与位于电动阀门200上游的管道230连接。腔室303的入口通过配有止回阀360的管道231与电动压缩机350相连接。止回阀360在从电动压缩机350向腔室303的方向上打开。
电动压缩机350具有与蓄压器的结构相似的结构,除了弹簧组被一发动机替代,以使得活塞如压缩机一样运行。
因此,电动压缩机350包括一汽缸351,在该汽缸中一活塞352界定一压力腔室353。活塞352被由一螺杆形成的一蜗杆传动装置移动,螺杆与活塞的杆体354相连接或部分地由活塞的杆体构成,并且螺母355旋拧在该螺杆上,螺母在转动方面是自由的,不过被阻止平移,螺杆在平移方面是自由的,不过被阻止转动。螺母355由一电动机356带动。传动系统因此保证允许建立一高增压压力的减速。
电动机356由计算机400进行控制和由主电源450被供给电能。
压力腔室353在出口与位于止回阀360上游的管道231相连接并且其入口通过管道232与储存器110相连接。对于某一移动位置,通过封塞腔室353的入口322a,活塞352切断该入口,以继而将来自腔室353的加压液体压送进蓄压器300中对抗由弹簧304施加的反向推力,直到在蓄压器300的腔室303中达到定值压力。
主电源450包括电池组451,该电池组典型地是机动车的铅电池组,从车载电路460通过未显示的发电器进行充电。主电源450分开地从车载电路460连接到线路L0,该线路连接到:
-作动器220的供电线路L1,
-计算机400的供电线路L2,和
-传感器410的供电线路L3。
主电源450通过仅允许电流只从蓄压器451向线路L0通过的一个二极管452或等效的组件连接到线路L0。
辅助电源470包括小容量的一电池组471或一电池,通过一电子转换器472连接到线路L0。
通常,辅助电源可包括代替一电池组的如下部件:一锂电池,例如一到四个CR123A电池;一到三个锂电池组,例如16340或18650类型的电池组或一电容器。作为变型,在正常运行时,主电路的电压略微大于辅助电源的电压,在需要时,在具有可充电的发电器(电池组,电容器)的情况下辅助电源由主电源进行充电,二极管452阻止反方向通过。在另一变型中,辅助电源的一充电电路——其保持辅助电源充电——加入非常小的电流(电容、Ni-MH电池组、Ni-Cd电池组),当电池组达到所期望的充电水平时(锂电池组),中断充电。该转换器472,如一可控硅整流器,通过计算机400进行控制,以使得如果制动由在踏板411上的动作要求和主电源450故障,进行打开和允许辅助电源470、471对线路L0进行供电。计算机400测量从主电源450接收的电压或电流,和在电压降低或没有供电电流的情况下,计算机使转换器472转向,以保证通过辅助电源470进行接替。
辅助电源470还包括一运行指示灯473,如探测电流从电池组471经过的一信号指示器(voyant)。该信号指示器例如安装在机动车的车载仪表板上,以吸引驾驶员对应急运行的注意。
辅助电源不能在主电源450中进行放电,这是由于通过二极管452阻止,和受限于计算机400、制动传感器410和电动阀门200的作动器220的应急供电;辅助电源因此可通过滑块210控制对推力室105供给来自于蓄压器的腔室303的加压液体。
在正常的运行条件中,主缸100如将看到的由加压制动液电路300、350进行控制,直到模拟器120的活塞121触碰主缸100的活塞103的杆体106,由于通过传感器420对制动踏板411的运动和运动幅度的探测和通过计算机所产生的反作用来通过液压油来控制主缸100。
电动液压助力的液压制动系统的运行如下:
根据图1,当制动踏板411没有被作动时,电动阀门200的滑块位于示出的位置(a)中。制动踏板将主缸的控制腔室105连接到制动液储存器110。主缸100位于息止位置。电动阀门200还切断将蓄压器300连接到主缸的控制腔室105的管道230,以使得蓄压器300的腔室303被隔离。
如果由于制动器被预先作动,在蓄压器300的腔室303中充斥的压力小于固定的阈值,计算机400控制电动压缩机350,以给蓄压器300提供加压液体。
根据图2,在制动踏板411被作动的情况下,通过传感器410来探测运动,传感器将一SP信号传送到计算机400。计算机400控制电动阀门200的作动器220,以将滑块210移动进在图2上示出的位置(c)中。在该位置中,滑块210使蓄压器300的腔室303与主缸100的控制腔室105连通,主缸的控制腔室推动主活塞103,和如有需要,主缸(在串列式主缸的情况下)的次活塞104,以将加压制动液运送到制动电路C1、C2。
如果,在控制制动动作时,计算机400观察到主电源450的故障,例如由于电池组451是平的,计算机控制半导体472,以将辅助电源470在通过计算机400、传感器410和电动阀门200的作动器220构成的电路L0、L1、L2、L3上接通。通过移动电动阀门200的滑块210,以使得滑块从图1的中性位置(a)过渡到图2的工作位置(c),计算机400因此可响应在制动踏板411上的动作。
通过辅助电源470构成的储量足够允许电动阀门200的某些作动和从而保证制动电路C1、C2的应急控制。
该应急作动还假定:在蓄压器300中的加压液体储量足够用于控制主缸100。
有利地,蓄压器300布置在推力室105附近,以限制在管道230中的载荷损失。
当然的是,推力室105有利地也被实施用于主动制动模式。
在一第三实施变型中,转换器472由一个与二极管452头尾安装的二极管替代。因此,在正常运行时,主电源的电压大于辅助电源的电压,二极管472被阻止。如果主电源的电压降低,二极管472自动地被解锁,以保证对制动助力装置的控制装置的供电。
技术术语
100            主缸
101、102       主缸的腔室
103            主活塞
104            次活塞
105            推力室
110            制动液储存器
120            传动机件
121            活塞
122            控制杆
123            弹簧
200            电动阀门
210            滑块
211、212、213  滑块210的区域
220            作动器
231            管道
300            蓄压器
301            汽缸
302            活塞
303            腔室
304            反向弹簧
350            电动泵
351            汽缸
352            活塞
353            压力腔室
354            活塞352的杆体
355            螺母
356            电动机
360            止回阀
400            计算机
410            传感器
411            制动踏板
450            主电源
451            机动车的电池组
452            二极管
460            车载电路
470、471       辅助电源
473            运行指示器
C1、C2         制动电路
L0、L1、L2、L3 电路

Claims (8)

1.液压助力的液压制动系统,所述液压制动系统包括:
-一主缸(100),所述主缸包括一推力室(105)并按照指令通过一电动阀门(200)接纳来自一蓄压器(300)的加压制动液,所述电动阀门通过一计算机(400)基于由制动踏板(411)的传感器(410)提供的信号(CP)进行控制,
-一主电源(450),其至少对所述电动阀门(200)、所述计算机(400)和所述传感器(410)进行供电,
其特征在于,如果探测到所述主电源(450)的故障,接通到电路(L0,L1,L2,L3)的一辅助电源(470)对所述计算机(400)、所述传感器(410)和所述电动阀门(200)进行供电,以对于有限次数的制动作用,允许电动阀门(200)的应急作动和对制动电路(C1,C2)的供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述电动阀门(200)、所述计算机(400)和所述传感器(410)通过线路(L0)和单向组件(452)独立地连接到机动车的车载电路(460)的所述主电源(450),所述单向组件允许所述主电源(450)的电流只向所述电动阀门(200)、所述计算机(400)和所述传感器(410)经过而不在相反方向上经过。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述辅助电源(470)通过一受控的电子转换器(472)与所述电路(L0,L1,L2,L3)相连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述受控的电子转换器(472)是一可控硅整流器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述辅助电源(470)与一运行指示灯(473)相连接,所述运行指示灯指示所述辅助电源(470)的工作状态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述电路(L0,L1,L2,L3)通过一单向电子组件(452)与所述主电源(450)相连接,所述单向电子组件如为禁止通过所述辅助电源(470)对所述主电源(450)进行充电的一二极管。
7.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,所述辅助电源包括一电池组或一电池(471)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统,其特征在于,在一电动泵(350)和车载电网(460)之间的独立于所述电路(L0,L1,L2,L3)的连接对所述电动阀门(200)、所述计算机(400)和所述传感器(410)进行供电。
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