CN102456908A - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102456908A
CN102456908A CN2011103194819A CN201110319481A CN102456908A CN 102456908 A CN102456908 A CN 102456908A CN 2011103194819 A CN2011103194819 A CN 2011103194819A CN 201110319481 A CN201110319481 A CN 201110319481A CN 102456908 A CN102456908 A CN 102456908A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
submodule
battery pack
battery block
housing case
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CN2011103194819A
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CN102456908B (zh
Inventor
安达龙也
青山勤
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Murata Northeast China
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Sony Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种电池组，包括：主容纳壳体，包括电源输出端；至少一个子模块，容纳在主容纳壳体中；以及控制单元，容纳在主容纳壳体中并控制单元电池的充电和放电中的至少一个，其中，在子模块中，两个以上的电池块容纳在子容纳壳体内部，从而使均包括多个单元电池的电池块的端子不被暴露，且电池块通过电连接部件彼此连接。

Description

电池组
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池组(battery unit)。具体地，本发明涉及一种包含多个电池块(battery block)的电池组。
背景技术
近年来，二次电池(诸如用于车辆蓄电池(storage battery)的锂离子电池、与诸如风能发电的新能源系统相结合的太阳能电池或者储能电池(power storage battery))的使用得到了快速的发展。在这样的蓄电池中，通常，通过将多个(例如，四个)单元电池(在下文中适当地被称作电池(battery))彼此并联和/或串联连接来形成电池块。多个电池块容纳在外壳中。
例如，日本未审查专利申请第2009-289429号公开了这样的结构，其中，作为外壳的电池容纳箱被分隔板分割而形成多个电池容纳空间，电池块容纳在每个电池容纳空间中。
发明内容
然而，将多个电池块附接至电池容纳壳体是麻烦的。此外，因为电连接和组装电池块的工作是在壳体内进行的，在工作中存在由于部件的接触和掉落而出现的短路的危险。此外，当电池块被设置在电池容纳箱内之后，震动或者冲击施加至电池容纳箱施时，已经固定的电池块可能会偏离固定的位置，由此，电池之间可能会出现短路。此外，当电池容纳箱由金属形成时，可能会在电池和电池容纳箱之间出现短路。
因此，期望提供一种电池组，对于该电池组，存在用来执行电池组的有效组装工作的性能并且可以防止电池组在组装期间或之后的短路。
为了解决上述问题，提供了一种电池组，包括：主容纳壳体，包括电源输出端；至少一个子模块，容纳在主容纳壳体中；以及控制单元，容纳在主容纳壳体中并控制单元电池的充电和放电中的至少一个，其中，在子模块中，两个以上电池块容纳在子容纳壳体内部，从而使均包括多个单元电池的电池块的端子不被暴露，且电池块通过电连接部件彼此连接。
根据至少一个实施方式，子模块可以在主容纳壳体的外部组装，从而使组成电池块的多个单元电池的正电极和负电极端由绝缘子容纳壳体所覆盖。然后，多个子模块插入并安装在主容纳壳体的内部。因此，与每个电池块附接至主容纳壳体中的情况相比，可以更有效地执行该附接。此外，由于电池块和子模块的组装工作在容纳壳体的外部进行，所以在附接工作中可以降低断路的困扰。
附图说明
图1是示出根据一个实施方式的电池组外观的实例的透视图。
图2是示出根据一个实施方式的电池组实例的分解透视图。
图3是示出外部上壳体被拆卸的状态的透视图。
图4是示出外部上壳体被拆卸的状态的透视图。
图5是示出外部上壳体被拆卸的状态的平面图。
图6是示出容纳在外壳内的子模块的透视图。
图7是示出包含在电池组中的电池的连接关系的连接图。
图8是示出子模块的下部壳体的实例的透视图。
图9是示出相对于下部壳体设置电池块的状态的透视图。
图10是示出被配置为由上部壳体覆盖的子模块的实例的透视图。
图11是示出下部壳体和相对于下部壳体设置的电池块的另一实例的透视图。
图12是示出被设置为由上部壳体覆盖的子模块的另一实例的透视图。
图13是示出电池块实例的分解透视图。
图14A、14B、14C是示出散热橡胶的附接的透视图。
图15A和15B是示出散热橡胶的附接的截面图。
图16是示出被设置为附接至电热调节器的结构的实例的透视图。
图17是示出加热结构(heating structure)实例的透视图。
具体实施方式
电池组的整体结构
以下，将参照附图对电池组进行描述。
图1至图5是示出电池组1的整体结构的透视图。作为电池组1的主容纳壳体的外壳2包括通过板金加工处理而由金属形成的外部下壳体2a和外部上壳体2b。期望使用具有高热传导率和辐射率的金属作为外部下壳体2a和外部上壳体2b的材料。因此，可以获得优良的壳体散热性能，从而可以抑制壳体内部的温度上升。由于优良的壳体散热性能，壳体2的开口可以被最小化或被去除，从而可以实现高防尘和高防漏(drip-proofness)。例如，外部下壳体2a和外部上壳体2b的材料可以是铝、铝合金、铜或者铜合金。例如，每一个外部下壳体2a和外部上壳体2b的板厚度可以约为1毫米以上。
壳体2的后面设置有用来执行电池组1的充电和放电的外部正电极端3和外部负电极端4。在外部正电极端3的两侧均设置有防短路壁3a，以防止端子之间的短路。在外部负电极端4的两侧均设置有防短路壁4a，以防止端子间的短路。
此外，在电池组1的后面设置有断流器(current breaker)5。因为设置了断流器5，所以可以提高电池组的安全性。在断流器5的周围设置有防故障部件5a。此外，设置了连接部6以使得该连接部被连接至设置在壳体2内部的控制电路。设置控制电路来监控电池组的温度并控制充电和放电等。如图4所示，控制块8的基板容纳在其中。此外，如图4所示，壳体2的前面设置有显示元件7，诸如显示运行状态的LED。
如图2至图5所示，壳体2的外部下壳体2a被形成为箱式形状，而外部上壳体2b被设置为覆盖其开口。子模块AS1至AS4容纳在外部下壳体2a的容纳空间内。如图2所示，多个凸起部(boss)9形成在外部下壳体2a的底面以通过扣纹等固定子模块AS1至AS4。可以在壳体2外部预先组装子模块AS1至AS4。
图6仅示出了子模块AS1至AS4。如图6所示，通过使用作为子容纳壳体的绝缘壳体(上部壳体11和下部壳体12)集成多个电池块来设置每个子模块。诸如塑料的成型部件可用作上部壳体11和下部壳体12。在子模块AS1至AS4中，多个电池块容纳在上部壳体11和下部壳体12内部，从而使得电池块的正负电极端不被暴露。
例如，通过将八个圆柱形锂离子二次电池彼此并联连接来设置每个电池块。通过由上部壳体11和下部壳体12将六个电池块集成来设置每个子模块AS1和AS2。通过由上部壳体11和下部壳体12将两个电池块集成来设置每个子模块AS3和AS4。因此，考虑到“6+6+2+2＝16”，总共设置了十六个电池块。例如，这些电池块以串联方式彼此连接。
电池块之间的连接
在子模块AS1至AS4中的每个中，使用例如导条(bus-bar)的连接金属板将电池块彼此串联连接。该导条为薄且细长的条状金属。该导条设置有用来与来自电池块的连接金属板等连接的多个孔。
如图7所示，均具有彼此并联连接的八个电池的电池块B1至B16(当不必区分电池块时，将它们适当地称为电池块B)彼此串联连接。当连接至控制块8时，每个电池组B1至B16的充电和放电被控制。通过外部正电极端3和外部负电极端4来执行充电和放电。例如，电池块B1至B6包含在子模块AS1中，电池块B11至B16包含在子模块AS2中。此外，电池块B7和B10包含在子模块AS3中，而电池块B8和B9包含在子模块AS4中。
子模块
参照图8、图9和图10将对子模块(例如，子模块AS1)进行描述。此外，子模块AS2也具有与子模块AS1相同的结构。如图8所示，作为成型部件的下部壳体12由其周围设置有侧壁31的浅箱形状形成。下部壳体12的容纳部通过肋材(rib)被分割成SP1至SP6六个容纳空间。
电池块B具有相同的形状。形成在下部壳体12中的容纳空间SP1至SP6基本上具有和电池块B的底面相同的轮廓。电池块B的底面为正电极端表面或者负电极端表面。电池块B1至B6分别容纳在容纳空间SP1至SP6中。在这种情况下，电池块B的底面基本上形成为矩形形状，而正电极金属板和负电极金属板分别从其两短边侧拉出，如下所述。因此，在容纳空间SP1至SP6中，暴露在壳体外的拉出部分的正负极性根据电池块B的容纳方向而反转。即，电池块之间的连接可以根据电池块B的容纳方向进行适当地设定。
当电池块容纳在其中时，下部壳体12的底面以及肋材和侧壁31可以限定电池块的位置。即，容纳空间可以被形成为覆盖电池块的底面以及外表面的一部分。因此，即使当外部震动或者冲击施加至对电池组1并从而传导至电池块时，仍可以保持电池的位置限制，从而可以获得高度的安全性。
三个紧固部32从每个容纳空间SP1至SP6的底面凸出以将电池块附接至其上。紧固部32的形成位置与设置(例如)包含在电池块中的八个圆柱形电池时所形成的间隙位置相匹配。此外，减震板(shock absorbingsheet)33设置在底面处，且减震板33介于电池块B的底面和下部壳体12的底面之间。由于减震板33，可以通过使得施加至电池组1的冲击或震动免于直接传导至电池块从而来保护电池块。例如，当电池组1震动时，减震板33可以减弱震动。期望减震板33具有高的减震性能和高的热传导率。
连接部(connection portion)34被设置为从下部壳体12的侧面在横向上向外凸出，且在其上设置了用于电池块之间的电连接的连接部件(connection member)。连接部件(例如，导条35)设置在连接部34上，且导条35通过螺丝被固定至下部壳体12。电池块B1至B6通过导条35彼此串联连接。沿着导条35的外端形成基本上垂直的板状肋材36。由于板状肋材36，设置在连接部34处的导条35不会容易地与其他位置相接触。
如图9所示，电池组B1至B6分别插入并设置在下部壳体12的容纳空间SP1至SP6中。例如，电池块B6设置在容纳空间SP6中。使用紧固部32将设置在下部壳体12中的电池块B6固定至下部壳体12。将在随后描述电池块B的具体结构。
如图10所示，当预定数目的电池块B1至B6附接至下部壳体12时，电池块可以由上部壳体11所覆盖。上部壳体11通过扣纹等被固定至电池块B1至B6上或者下部壳体12，从而组装了子模块AS1。上部壳体11为塑料成型部件。上部壳体11从其上侧覆盖电池块B1至B6，以覆盖从容纳在下部壳体12中的电池块B1至B6的下部壳体12上侧暴露的整个部分。上部壳体11的上表面板设置有对应于电池块位置的四个矩形开口(称作狭缝)41a。如下所述，散热橡胶插入并设置在每个狭缝41a中。此外，与狭缝41a相同的狭缝41b形成在下部壳体12的底表面板上。
参照图11和图12，将描述子模块AS3和AS4。如图11所述，子模块AS3和AS4具有共用的下部壳体12和分开的上部壳体11。下部壳体12由其周围设置有侧壁31的浅箱形状形成。下部壳体12的容纳部被肋材和连接部34分割成四个容纳空间SP7至SP10。电池块B7至B10分别容纳在容纳空间SP7至SP10中。
三个紧固部32从每个容纳空间SP7至SP10的底面凸出以将电池块附接至其上。此外，减震板33设置在底面上，并且减震板33介于电池块B的底面和下部壳体12的底面之间。由于减震板33，可以通过使得施加至电池组1的冲击或震动免于直接传导至电池块从而来保护电池块。例如，当电池组1震动时，减震板33可以减少震动。期望减震板33具有高的减震性能和高的热传导率。
当将电池块容纳在其中时，下部壳体12的底面以及肋材和侧壁31可以限定电池块的位置。即，容纳空间可以被形成为覆盖电池块的底面以及外表面的一部分。因此，即使当外部震动或者冲击施加至电池组1从而传导至电池块时，仍可以保持电池的位置限制，从而可以保获得高度的安全性。
连接部34被设置为从下部壳体12的侧面在纵向上向外凸出，用于电池块之间的电连接的连接部件设置在其上。连接部件(例如，导条35)设置在连接部34处，且导条35由螺丝固定至下部壳体12。此外，连接部34甚至形成在容纳空间SP7、SP10和SP8、SP9之间的边界位置处。导条35设置在连接部分34处，并导条35由螺丝固定。电池块B7和B10通过导条35彼此串联连接。基本上垂直的板状肋材36沿导条35的外端形成。由于板状肋材36，设置在连接部34上的导条35不会容易地接触其他位置。
如图12所示，电池块B7至B10分别插入并设置在下部壳体12的容纳空间SP7至SP10中。使用紧固部32将设置在下部壳体12处的电池块B7至B10固定至下部壳体12。当电池块B7至B10附接至下部壳体12时，如图12所示，分离的上部壳体11覆盖电池块。
上部壳体11通过扣纹等被固定至电池块B7和B10或者下部壳体12，从而组装了子模块AS3。上部壳体11通过扣纹等被固定至电池块B8和B9或者下部壳体12，从而组装可子模块AS4。上部壳体11为塑料成型部件。上部壳体11覆盖电池块B7和B10以覆盖从容纳在下部壳体12中的电池块B7和B10的下部壳体12上侧暴露的整个部分。以这种方式，上部壳体11覆盖电池块B8和B9。上部壳体11的上表面板设置有对应于各电池块的四个狭缝41a。散热橡胶插入并设置在狭缝41a中，如下所述。
如上所述，电池块被形成为子模块，而子模块附接在外壳的内部。因此，可以在外壳内组装子模块之前在外壳外部将多个电池块形成为子模块。因此，与将多个电池块直接组装到外壳的情况相比，具有如下的优点。
●由于多个电池块在外壳的外部被组装在子模块的壳体中，所以提高了可操作性。
●由于可以在金属外壳的外部连接和组装电池块，所以不存在由部件连接和掉落而导致的短路的危险，从而可以安全地进行工作。
●由于使用了将电池块容纳在绝缘成型壳体中的子模块，当将每个子模块组装和设置在金属外壳中时，不存在短路的危险，从而可以安全地进行工作。
●由于甚至在子模块设置和固定在外壳中之后电池块由绝缘壳体覆盖，所以甚至在震动和冲击施加至外壳时仍能够确保外壳的抗绝缘性，从而确保了安全性。
电池块
图13是使出电池块B的结构实例的透视图。电池块B包括多个(例如，八个)电池21、电池保持件(battery holder)22、正电极金属板23a以及负电极金属板23b，且电池块B由这些部件组装而成。作为电池保持件22，可以使用诸如塑料的绝缘材料。
例如，电池21为具有设置在其两端的正电极端部21a和负电极端部21b的圆柱形电池。此外，电池的形状并不局限于圆柱形，可以使用具有各种形状(诸如正方形)的电池。例如，电池21为可以重复使用的二次电池。作为这样的二次电池，例如，可以使用锂离子二次电池，锂离子聚合物二次电池等。
期望使用含铜的合金或者与此类似的材料来作为正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b的材料。因此，可以以低电阻执行互连。例如，每个正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b的材料可以是镍或者镍合金。因此，正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b可以良好地被焊接至电池21的正电极端部21a和负电极端部21b。例如，每个正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b的材料的表面可以电镀上锡或者镍。因此，可以防止由于每个正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b的材料表面的氧化而导致生成的锈。
多个电池21的正电极端部和负电极端部设置在同一表面上。例如，与多个电池21的正电极端部21a对应的一侧端可以由电池保持件22固定，而与负电极端部21b对应的另一侧端可以由负电极金属板23b固定。正电极金属板23a设置有三个孔24，而负电极金属板23b设置有三个孔25。此外，电池保持件也设置有三个孔。这些孔分别设置在与从下部壳体12的底面凸出的紧固部32对应的位置处。紧固部32穿过电池21配置中的间隙。因此，甚至在电池块B容纳在下部壳体12的容纳空间中的状态下，电池块B仍可以通过螺丝被固定至下部壳体12。
凹口27形成在电池保持件22的上表面板处，而凹口28形成在正电极金属板23a处以与凹口27对应。附接凹形部(未示出)形成在电池保持件22的凹口27和28之下的部分上表面处，以朝上端开口。如下所述，凹形部被设置为将温度检测元件(例如电热调节器)附接至电池21的外表面。
正电极金属板23a设置在固定电池21的一端的电池保持件22上，而多个电池21的正电极端部21a机械且电连接至正电极金属板23a。另一方面，负电极金属板23b被设置为固定电池21的另一端，而多个电池21的负电极端部21b机械且电连接至负电极金属板23b。当正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b以这样的方式设置时，多个电池21彼此并联电连接。
由于多个电池21的两端被下部壳体12的容纳空间和电池保持件22固定，所以当震动或者冲击施加至电池组1时，可以保护正电极端部21a和正电极金属板23a之间的接触点以及负电极端部21b和负电极金属板23b之间的接触点。此外，可以将极性与正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b之间的接触点(由于电池保持件22和下部壳体22导致)极性相反的部分绝缘。例如，电池保持件22使正电极金属板23a与电池21的负电极端部电绝缘。
正电极金属板23a整体上以L形形成。正电极金属板23a包括端连接部和相对于端连接部弯曲的延伸部(drawn portion，抽出部)26a。端连接部的一个外表面机械且电连接至由电池保持件22固定的多个电池21的正电极端部21a。作为连接方法，例如，可以采用电阻焊接(electrical resistancewelding)或者使用由激光束产生的热量的焊接，但是本发明并不局限于这些方法。例如，可以适当地使用普通的焊接方法。延伸部26a的尖端设置有相对于延伸部26a垂直形成的连接部。该连接部设置有一个或多个螺孔。
负电极金属板23b整体上以L形形成。负电极金属板23b包括端连接部和相对于端连接部弯曲的延伸部26b。端连接部的一个外表面机械且电连接至多个电池21的负电极端部21b。作为连接方法，例如，可以采用电阻焊接或者使用由激光束产生的热量的焊接，但是本发明并不局限于这些方法。例如，可以适当地使用普通的焊接方法。延伸部26b的尖端设置有相对于延伸部26b垂直形成的连接部。该连接部设置有一个或多个螺孔。
正电极金属板23a的延伸部26a和负电极金属板23b的延伸部26b分别沿着根据2×4矩阵设置的多个电池21的垂直方向向外延伸，并源自所设置的电池的相对面。当将电池块B旋转180°时，正电极金属板23a和负电极金属板23b的延伸方向可以反转。
电热调节器附接结构
参照图14A、图14B和图14C，将对电热调节器附接结构进行描述。图14B是放大了图14A的XIVC部分的示图，而图14C是放大了图14A的XIVB部分的示图。如图14C所示，狭缝状凹口51被形成为从每个子模块(例如，子模块AS1)的上部壳体的上表面向下延伸。凹口51形成在构成子模块AS1的每个电池块的一个位置(或者包括相对的一个位置的两个位置)处。凹口51的位置与电池保持件22的凹口27的位置以及正电极金属板23a的凹口28的位置均相同。
附接凹形部52形成在凹口之上且在凹口51的深度内，以从电池保持件22的上端面向下被切口。凹形部52的下边缘设置有狭缝53。具体地，电热调节器元件和连接器安装在小基板上。通过将基板插入到狭缝53中来附接电热调节器。内部电池21的外表面通过凹形部52暴露，从而可以可靠地检查电热调节器是否从外侧连接至电池。插入到凹形部52的狭缝53中的基板热连接至电池的外表面。例如，安装有电热调节器和连接器的基板通过具有良好的热传导性能的粘合剂连接至电池21的外表面。此外，电热调节器可以被直接附接而不使用基板。
凹形部分52之下的电池保持件22设置有具有孔的锁定板(lockingsheet)。锁定板54被设置为固定导线。此外，导线通过导条等连接至控制块8内的控制单元。这样的电热调节器附接结构使得能够甚至在组装了子模块且电池21由壳体覆盖时仍能够执行电热调节器的附接或拆卸而进行维护。
子模块内部的电池散热结构
通常，子模块内部的电池在其充电和放电的过程中发热，电池的性能便会逐渐劣化。因此，需要抑制变热或者发热。此外，由于电池的位置设置而导致出现温度的差异，所以电池不具有均一的性能。
在一个实施方式中，防止了由于变热而导致的电池性能的劣化，从而抑制了电池间的不同温度差异。作为一个实例，例如，如图15A和15B所示，在子模块AS1中，狭缝41a形成在上部壳体11的上表面板处。狭缝41b形成在下部壳体12的底面板处。作为减震散热部的散热橡胶42a和42b分别安装至狭缝41a和41b，且根据需要使用粘合剂等将散热橡胶固定至狭缝。在外壳的外部执行散热橡胶42a和42b相对于狭缝41a和41b的附接。散热橡胶42a和42b由具有良好的热传导性能、减震性能以及热阻性能的材料(例如，硅)形成。此外，散热橡胶42a和42b可以具有通过结合具有良好的热传导性能的材料和具有良好的热阻性能和良好的减震特性的材料而形成的结构(例如，层压结构)。此外，散热橡胶42a和42b可以在成型壳体11和12时与壳体11和12整体形成。
如图16的示意性截面图所示，插入散热橡胶42b以填充子模块AS1的每个电池块的下表面和外部下壳体2a的内表面之间的缝隙。插入散热橡胶42a以填充子模块AS1的每个电池块的上表面和外部下壳体2a的内表面之间的缝隙。从子模块AS1的电池产生的热量通过散热橡胶42a和42b传播至金属外壳(2a和2b)的外部。此外，尽管描述了子模块AS1，其他子模块AS2、AS3和AS4也具有同样的辐射结构。
在这样的散热结构中，由于在每个电池块的上表面和下表面处设置了四个狭缝和四个散热橡胶，所以在整个电池组中热量可以高效均匀地辐射。此外，由于散热橡胶42a和42b具有良好的减震特性，所以可以防止电池由于掉落而受到震动和冲击。此外，由于开口(诸如狭缝)设置在子模块的壳体中且散热橡胶设置在开口处，所以散热橡胶的位置由开口限定，从而防止了散热橡胶位置的偏离。
子模块内部的加热电池的结构
通常，子模块内的电池在低温环境下(例如0℃或更低)充电时会逐渐劣化。此外，在放电的情况下，内部电阻增加，从而电容降低。同样地，存在电池的性能在低温环境下并未充分表现的问题。在一个实施方式中，甚至在低温环境下执行充电和放电时，也防止了对电池性能的损害。
如图17所示，平面加热器61设置在电池组外部下壳体2a的底面处。加热器61被设置为粘附至底面。期望加热器61具有足够的加热性能、薄的厚度和弹性(flexibility)。作为实例，由于硅橡胶加热器有非常薄的厚度以及弹性，从而可以满足这样的条件。此外，加热器可以设置在外部上壳体2b的上表面处，且加热器可以设置在外壳(2a和2b)的上表面和下表面处。加热器61根据环境温度或者电池温度而被驱动。例如，当环境温度变为约0℃时，开始驱动加热器61。然后，当环境温度或者电池温度变成大于预定值时，加热器的运行停止。
在一个实施方式中，由于设置了散热橡胶42a和42b，由加热器61所产生的热量可以容易并且均匀地传导至子模块内部的电池。因此，可以尽可能抑制由于壳体内部电池的配置或位置而导致的温度的偏差，从而防止电池性能的劣化。
如上所述，由于温度检测元件(电热调节器)附接至每个电池块的电池，所以，当从电池发热或者对电池加热时，可以高效地执行温度控制。
变形实例
尽管具体描述了本发明的一个实施方式，但本发明并不局限于上述的实施方式，且基于本发明的技术精神可以进行各种变形。例如，在电池块中，电池21的负电极端部21b通过负电极金属板23b连接，但可以采用这样的结构，即，其中，负电极侧由电池保持件保持而正电极侧通过正电极金属板23a连接。此外，在上述实施方式中示出的结构、方法、形状、材料等仅是示例性的，如果需要，可以使用与此不同的结构、方法、形状、材料、数值等。此外，只要没有背离本发明的精神，上述实施方式的各结构可以相互组合。
本发明包含与2010年10月26日在日本专利局提交的日本在先专利申请JP2010-239849中所披露的主题相关的主题，其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
本领域的技术人员应理解的是，根据设计需要和其他因素，可以进行各种变形、组合、子组合以及修改，只要它们在所附权利要求或其等同替换的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电池组，包括：
主容纳壳体，包括电源输出端；
至少一个子模块，容纳在所述主容纳壳体中；以及
控制单元，容纳在所述主容纳壳体中，并控制单元电池的充电和放电中的至少一个，
其中，在所述子模块中，两个以上的电池块容纳在子容纳壳体内部，从而使均包括多个单元电池的所述电池块的端子不被暴露，且所述电池块通过电连接部件彼此连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，所述子模块的所述子容纳壳体被分割为上部壳体和下部壳体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，所述电池块通过由绝缘材料形成的电池保持件固定所述多个单元电池。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，所述电池块通过电极连接金属板固定所述多个单元电池。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，具有良好的热传导性能和良好的减震特性的减震散热部介于所述主容纳壳体的内表面和所述子模块之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池组，
其中，多个开口形成在所述子容纳壳体的上表面和下表面中的至少一个上，且对每个开口设置所述减震散热部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，多个孔形成在所述子容纳壳体中，且温度检测元件通过所述孔附接至内部所述单元电池的表面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池组，
其中，所述温度检测元件通过具有良好的热传导性能的连接部件附接至所述单元电池的表面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，
其中，在所述主容纳壳体的底面和上表面中的至少一个上设置平面散热部。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，所述主容纳壳体的材料为铝、铝合金、铜或铜合金。
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JP5854111B2 (ja) 2016-02-09
US20160141571A1 (en) 2016-05-19
US9077018B2 (en) 2015-07-07
US20150311570A1 (en) 2015-10-29
CN202339948U (zh) 2012-07-18
JP2015053276A (ja) 2015-03-19
US9246196B2 (en) 2016-01-26

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