CN102448296A - 抗卵菌剂 - Google Patents
抗卵菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102448296A CN102448296A CN2010800231260A CN201080023126A CN102448296A CN 102448296 A CN102448296 A CN 102448296A CN 2010800231260 A CN2010800231260 A CN 2010800231260A CN 201080023126 A CN201080023126 A CN 201080023126A CN 102448296 A CN102448296 A CN 102448296A
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)化合物或其盐作为抗卵菌剂的用途以及使用所述化合物防治植物病原体的方法。
Description
本发明涉及通式(I)化合物或其盐作为抗卵菌剂(antioomycotica)的用途以及其中使用这些化合物的植物病原体防治方法。
卵菌(oomycetes)或卵菌纲(Peronosporomycetes)(正式名称为Oomycota或Oomycetes)不属于真菌(Fungi),包括各种腐生和病原性种属。后者不仅包括使动物或微生物感染的种属,还包括破坏性植物病原体。在白绣属(Albugo)、盘梗霉菌属(Bremia)、单轴霉属(Plasmopara)、霜霉属(Peronospora)和疫霉菌属(Phytophthora)中发现了重要的植物病原体。这些专性病原性种类在一定范围内的不同植物中引起例如病害如白锈病或霜霉病。在疫霉菌属中,描述了超过60种不同的种属,其主要感染双子叶植物。它们中许多非常适于特异性宿主或少数宿主,而其他则能定殖于许多不同植物。
致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans),番茄晚疫病或马铃薯晚疫病的致病性微生物被认为是世界范围内最具破坏性的植物病原体。其感染难以防治且可导致总产量损失,因为致病疫霉的生命周期仅为数天。
大多数传统杀真菌剂对致病疫霉和其他卵菌是无效的。其原因在于就许多杀真菌剂对卵菌的活性而言,其缺少典型的真菌目标结构。
因此,本发明基于提供防治植物病原体,尤其是卵菌的新型有效试剂这一目的。
该目的通过权利要求书中所述的本发明实施方案而实现。
根据本发明,尤其提供了通式(I)化合物作为抗卵菌剂的用途以及其中使用这些化合物的植物病原体防治方法。
因此,本发明的一个主题涉及式(I)化合物或其盐作为抗卵菌剂的用途:
其中:
X选自H、OR1、SR1、NR1R2、N(OR1)(R2)、N(R1)-NR1NR2或N(R1R2R3)+A-,
Y选自OR1、O-Cat+或NR1R2,
Z选自O、S、NR1、NOR1、N-CN或N-NR1R2,
R表示选自如下组的取代基:(i)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22烷基,(ii)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22链烯基,(iii)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22炔基,(iv)未取代或单-或多取代的-(CH2)m-精胺基团,(v)未取代或单-或多取代的-(CH2)m-亚精胺基团,(vi)未取代或单-或多取代的N-甲基化-(CH2)m-(亚)精胺基团,其中m在每种情况下为1-4的整数,且其中上述基团(i)-(vi)中一个或多个取代基可彼此独立地选自如下组α:C1-C6烷基,C1-C6硫代烷基,可具有一个或多个杂原子如O或S的C3-C7环烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,羟基,三氟甲基,三唑基团,溴,氯,氟,未取代、单-或双取代的苯基、苯氧基、苄基、苄氧基、萘基或萘氧基;和(vii)选自如下组的亚乙氧基:
-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OH,
-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OMe,
-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH
-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe
-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH
-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH或
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe,
其中n=1-20,优选n=1-5,
R1、R2和R3彼此独立地选自氢,C1-C6酰基,-CONH2,-(CO)-(CH2)0-6-COOH,乳酰基,C1-C6烷基,可具有一个或多个杂原子如O或S的C3-C7环烷基,未取代、单-或双取代且取代基可选自组α的苯基、苄基或萘基,
A-表示选自卤离子、氯酸根或羧酸根的阴离子,
Cat+表示阳离子,尤其是一价或二价阳离子,如碱金属阳离子(Na+、K+)、碱土金属阳离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)或季铵阳离子,
如果存在的话,位于C5的立体异构中心以R或S形式或以外消旋物存在,且C2-C3双键以E或Z形式,优选以E形式(反式)存在。
本发明的另一主题涉及一种防治植物病原体的方法,包括将有效量的一种如上所定义的化合物或其盐施用于植物、植物部分或其中生长有植物的土壤。本发明方法可以以预防或治疗形式使用。
就此而言,措辞“植物病原体”包括所有植物病原性真菌、原生生物、细菌和病毒。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述植物病原体为真菌(Fungi)。就此而言,尤其优选的植物病原体为马铃薯黑点病菌(Colletotrichum coccodes)、禾生刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum graminicola)、小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)、禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、禾白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis)、稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)、马铃薯早疫病菌(Altern aria solani)、黄枝孢(Cladosporium fulvum)、异旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus heterostrophus)、偃麦草核腔菌(Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)、黄萎轮枝孢(Verticillium albo-atrum)和大丽花轮枝孢(Verticillium dahliae)。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,所述植物病原体为卵菌(Peronosporomycetes,正式名称为Oomycota或Oomycetes)。就此而言,尤其优选为选自如下属的卵菌:白绣属、盘梗霉菌属、单轴霉属、霜霉属和疫霉菌属。选自霜霉属的尤其优选的植物病原体为东北霜霉(Peronosporamanshurica)。选自疫霉菌属的尤其优选的植物病原体为大豆疫霉病菌(Phytophthora sojae)、棕榈疫霉(Phytophthora palmivora)、栎属植物猝死病菌(Phytophthora ramorum)、樟疫霉(Phytophthora cinnamomi)、辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)和致病疫霉。就此而言,非常特别优选为致病疫霉。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,用本发明方法保护或处理的植物选自豆科(Fabaceae),尤其是大豆(Glycine max);葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae),尤其是南瓜属(Cucurbita spp.)如瓠果(Cucurbita pepo)、香瓜属(Cucumis spp.)如马泡瓜(Cucumis melo)和黄瓜(Cucumis sativus),以及西瓜属(Citrullus spp.)如西瓜(Citrullus lanatus);十字花科(Brassicaceae),尤其是芸苔属(Brassicaspp.)如芸苔(Brassica napus)、卷心菜(Brassica oleracea)和芜菁(Brassicarapa);禾本科(Poaceae),尤其是小麦属(triticum spp.)、大麦属(Hordeumspp.)、稻(Oryza sativa)和玉蜀黍(Zea mays);茄科(Solanaceae),尤其是烟草属(Nicotiana spp.)如烟草(Nicotiana tabacum),辣椒属(Capsicum spp.)如辣椒(Capsicum annuum),以及茄属(Solanum spp.)如马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)和茄子(Solanum melongena);葡萄属(Vitis spp.)如葡萄(Vitis vinifera);甜菜(Beta vulgaris);和可可树属(Theobroma cacao)。就此而言,非常特别优选为马铃薯。
此外,本发明可用于保护或处理树木,尤其是松柏科(Coniferae),尤其是松科(Pinaceae)和观赏类,尤其是观赏植物。
本发明方法中的所述化合物或其盐的浓度为1-10nM,优选10nM至1mM。尤其优选浓度为100μM。
如上所定义的化合物或其盐之一的施用方法、施用至的植物或植物部分、有效量是本领域技术人员所已知的,且例如包括喷雾、雾化、涂抹或浸渍所述植物。
在本发明方法的尤其优选的实施方案中,本发明化合物以与载体组合的混合物形式存在,在该混合物中,该活性化合物以基于该混合物为0.1-99重量%,优选1-75重量%的量存在。对直接使用或田间施用而言,与载体组合的混合物以基于该混合物为0.0001-5重量%,优选0.001-3重量%的量包含本发明化合物。本发明方法包括使用配制剂和组合物,其包含可分散载体如可分散惰性细碎固体载体和/或可分散液体载体如惰性有机溶剂和/或水,优选掺有有效量的表面活性载体助剂,以及其量为0.0001-99重量%,优选0.001-90重量%,优选0.1-75重量%的本发明活性化合物的混合物。本发明活性化合物可通过常用方法施用,例如以水力喷雾大量液体、喷雾少量液体、超低容量喷雾、通过高压液体注射、狭缝注射、鼓风喷雾、空气喷雾或撒粉。
本发明优选实施方案涉及式(I)化合物或其盐作为抗卵菌剂的用途,其中在式(I)中:
X选自H、OR1、NR1R2、N(OR1)(R2)、N(R1)-NR1R2或N(R1R2R3)+A-,
Y选自OR1或O-Cat+,
Z选自O,
R表示选自未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22烷基,优选C7-C12烷基,未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22链烯基,-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OH或-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OMe的取代基,其中n=1-20,优选n=1-5,
R1、R2和R3彼此独立地选自氢、C1-C6酰基或C1-C6烷基,且
C2-C3双键以E形式存在。
如果基团R为C3-C22链烯基,则可优选存在1-3个双键。所述双键可以以E或Z形式存在。尤其可存在低聚异戊二烯基,其又可任选被一个或多个选自组α的取代基取代。就此而言,可提及的实例为香叶基、橙花基、金合欢基和香叶基香叶基(geranylgeranyl)。
本发明尤其优选的实施方案涉及(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(式(II))或其盐,尤其是碱金属盐作为抗卵菌剂的用途:
本发明另一主题涉及一种本发明化合物或其盐作为农业和/或园艺机械用消毒剂的用途。
附图如下:
图1:由呋喃合成(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠。(a)呋喃,THF,n-BuLi(1.1eq.),0℃,30分钟,然后C12H25Br(1.0eq.),-40℃,温热至RT;(b)1,NBS(1.1eq.),NaHCO3(2.0eq.),丙酮/H2O(10∶1),-15℃,1小时,吡啶(2.0eq.);(c)2,NaClO2(1.2eq.),Me2C=CHME(10eq.),t-BuOH,H2O,HCl,2小时,RT;(d)3,THF,NaOH(1.0eq.),RT,30分钟。
图2:致病疫霉孢子的萌发被(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸抑制。用不同(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸稀释物处理致病疫霉孢子的悬浮液。(a)-(f)显示不同(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸浓度下的孢子的代表性表型;(a)2%EtOH,(b)10nM,(c)100nM,(d)1μM,(e)3.7μM,(f)100μM。24小时后计算萌发速度(g)。该图显示了两个独立实验的组合数据(**表示在p<0.01下存在明显差异;单因素方差分析)。
图3:(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对致病疫霉的菌丝体生长的抑制效果。用不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸接种一天大的菌丝体。致病疫霉的生长通过测量GFP荧光而测定。该图显示了两个独立实验的组合数据(**表示在p<0.01下存在明显差异;单因素方差分析)。
图4:(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对形成的致病疫霉菌丝体的破坏性效果。使致病疫霉在皮氏培养皿中的燕麦/豆琼脂上生长21天。然后,将不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸液滴(10μl)移液到该菌丝体上。抗卵菌活性导致对该菌丝体的破坏,通过GFP荧光损失证实。在用(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸处理24小时后使用荧光立体显微镜记录菌丝体的代表性处理区域的图像。(a)未处理,(b)1μM,(c)10μM,(d)100μM。
图5:通过用(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠(4)对植物进行喷雾在很大程度上抑制了致病疫霉的感染。在用致病疫霉游离孢子溶液接种前2小时,用(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠对21天大的植物离轴叶表面进行喷雾。(a)处理过的叶片表型;(b)测定感染的叶片材料感染3天后的致病疫霉生物量。所用对照为用1000μM(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠喷雾的未感染样品和感染且未喷雾的样品(**表示在p<0.01下存在明显差异;单因素方差分析)。
图6:(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对马铃薯黑点病菌的菌丝体生长的抑制效果。用不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸接种处于96孔板中的1天大菌丝体。马铃薯黑点病菌的生长通过测量OD590测定。重复该实验两次,获得相同结果。在实验结束时,统计分析显示在用2%EtOH处理与用所有测试浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸处理之间存在非常显著的差异(p<0.01;单因素方差分析)。
参照下述非限制实施例对本发明进行更详细地说明。
材料和方法:
通用方面。所有试剂和溶剂均为分析级或借助标准方法提纯。熔点借助标准方法使用热台显微镜法(Leica DM LS2)测定且不校正。反应借助在硅胶60F254(Merck,0.040-0.063mm)上的薄层层析而监控并使用UV光或钼磷酸检测。在减压和40℃下浓缩该溶液。在硅胶60(Merck,0.063-0.200mm)上进行柱层析。在室温(RT)下使用VARIAN汞分光计记录1H(300或400MHz)和13C(75.5或100.5MHz)NMR光谱。对于2-十二烷基呋喃和(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯醛,化学位移参考内部TMS(δ=0ppm,1H)或CDCl3(δ=77.0ppm,13C)。将氘化乙醇用作(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸的溶剂。化学位移参考内溶剂甲基的信号(δ=1.11ppm,1H,或δ=17.2ppm,13C)。正型和负型ESI和APCI质谱通过装备有Turbo离子源的API 150Ex(AppliedBiosystems)而获得。高分辨率正型和负型ESI质谱通过装备有InfinityTM皿、7.0特斯拉超导磁体(Bruker)、仅射频六孔离子导向器和外部电喷雾离子源(Agilent)的Bruker Apex 70e FT-ICR质谱仪(Bruker Daltonics)而获得。使致病疫霉分离菌208m2在燕麦-豆培养基(3.4重量%豆粉,1.7重量%燕麦粉,0.85重量%蔗糖,1.5重量%细菌琼脂粉(Bacto-Agar),5μg/ml遗传霉素(geneticin))上生长。借助Cytofluor II板式读数器(Millipore;激发485nm,发射530nm)而进行GFP发射光测量。使用Leica MZ FLIII荧光立体显微镜(Leica Microsystems)记录GFP荧光图像。使用MRX Plate Reader1.12(Dynatech Laboratories)测量致病疫霉生物量。定量PCR按照所述进行。
试剂和溶剂。由常规实验室供应商获得四氢呋喃(THF)、正丁基锂(n-BuLi)、呋喃、氢氧化钠、HCl、吡啶、N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、2-甲基-2-丁烯、NaClO2和十二烷基溴。
各化合物的合成
2-十二烷基呋喃(图1,1)。在0℃下,在搅拌下通过滴加n-BuLi(27.3ml,于己烷中2.7M,73.5mmol)而处理处于THF(100ml)中的呋喃(5.34ml,73.5mmol)的冰冷溶液。在0-5℃下1小时后,将该溶液冷却至-40℃,并继续搅拌20分钟。然后加入处于THF(20ml)中的十二烷基溴(17.6ml)。该混合物温度变为RT且再搅拌5小时。用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(20ml)猝灭该反应并用EtOAc萃取该溶液两次(2×50ml)。将合并的有机相在NaSO4上干燥并浓缩而得到黄色油。借助柱层析(二氯甲烷,DCM)提纯该油而得到所需产物1(13.8g,57.9mmol,80%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1H ppm:0.88(t,3H,J=6.7Hz,H-16),1.20-1.40(m,18H),1.56-1.69(m,2H),2.60(t,2H,J=7.6Hz,H-5),5.96(m,1H,H-3),6.26(dd,1H,J=3.3,1.9Hz,H-1),7.28(dd,1H,J=1.7,0.8Hz,H-2);13C NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3)δ13C ppm:14.2(C-16),22.8,28.0,28.1,29.3,29.4,29.5,29.6,29.6,29.7,29.8,32.0(C-5),104.4(C-3),109.9(C-2),140.5(C-1),156.5(C-4);(+)-APCI-CID-MS:237[M+H]+。
(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯醛(图1,2)。在-20℃下,用溶于丙酮/H2O(10ml)中的NBS(905mg,5.11mmol)处理2-十二烷基呋喃(1.00g,4.24mmol)和NaHCO3(712mg,8.48mmol)于丙酮/H2O(10∶1,2ml)中的混合物。在-20℃下搅拌该混合物1小时后,用吡啶(0.69ml,8.48mmol)处理该混合物。此后,该反应混合物温度变为RT并继续搅拌2小时。用1N HCl洗涤该溶液,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×50ml)。将有机相在NaSO4上干燥并浓缩以得到粗产物。将后者借助柱层析(DCM)提纯而以浅黄色油得到该产物(642mg,2.55mmol,60%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1H ppm:0.88(t,3H,J=6.7Hz,H-16),1.19-1.36(m,18H),1.59-1.71(m,H-5),2.69(t,2H,J=7.8Hz,H-5),6.73-6.92(m,2H,H-2.3),9.78(d,CHO,J=7.0Hz,H-1);13C NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3)δ13C ppm:14.2(C-16),22.8,23.7,29.2,29.3,29.4,29.5,29.5,29.6,29.7,32.0,41.3(C-5),137.2(C-2),144.8(C-3),193.2(C-1),199.9(C-4);(-)-ESI-CID-MS:251[M-H]-;ESI-FT-ICR-MS:m/z251.20137(对C16H27O2 -计算,m/z 251.20165)。
(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(图1,3)。用均溶于H2O(10ml)的NaH2PO4(2.00g,16.7mmol)和NaClO2(181mg,纯度80%,1.89mmol)处理(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯醛(400mg,1.58mmol)和2-甲基-2-丁烯(1.69ml,15.8mmol)于t-BuOH(20ml)中的溶液,将所得混合物在RT下搅拌2小时。在减压下除去大多数溶剂,在残留物中加入EtOAc(50ml)和饱和NaCl溶液(10ml)。将水相通过滴加1N HCl而酸化至pH为1。然后分离有机相并用EtOAC萃取水相(2×50ml)。将合并的有机相在NaSO4上干燥并减压浓缩而以黄白色固体得到产物(350mg,1.31mmol,83%),熔点为98±0.5℃。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3CD2OD)δ1H ppm:0.87(t,3H,J=7.0Hz,H-16),1.08-1.34(m,18H),1.56-1.63(m,2H),2.68(t,2H,J=7.0Hz,H-5),6.65(d,1H,J=16.2Hz,H-2),7.01(d,1H,J=16.2Hz,H-3);13C NMR(100.5MHz,CD3CD2OD)δ13C ppm:15.5(C-16),24.6,25.7,26.2,31.0,31.3,31.4,31.5,31.6,31.6,33.9,43.0(C-5),133.7(C-2),141.3(C-3),169.4(C-1),202.8(C-4);(-)-ESI-CID-MS:m/z 267[M-H]-,535[2M-H]-;(-)-ESI-CID-MS:m/z 269[M-H];ESI-FT-ICR-MS:m/z 267.19633(对C16H27O3 -计算,m/z267.19633)。
(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠(图1,4)。用溶于H2O(5ml)中的NaOH(17.1mg,0.43mmol)处理处于THF(100ml)中的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(115mg,0.43mmol)溶液。在30分钟后,测量pH并使用NaOH使其为7.5。减压除去溶剂而得到白色粉末(118mg,0.41mmol,95%)。
致病疫霉培养条件。将具有GFP构造的分离菌208m2用于致病疫霉实验。游离孢子溶液通过使致病疫霉在燕麦-豆培养基上在18℃下在黑暗中生长11天而制备。然后用10ml去离子水淹没该菌丝体,在4℃下静置4小时以释放出游离孢子,然后将液体滤过一层纱以除去菌丝体和孢子囊的块。将该溶液调节至1×105孢子/ml。孢子囊溶液通过用10ml去离子淹没已生长11天的菌丝体而制备,立即剧烈振荡以使孢子囊从孢子柄断裂并将该溶液调节至1×104孢子囊/ml。
致病疫霉生物测定和感染实验。致病疫霉游离孢子溶液的孢子萌发实验按照如下进行。使用一系列稀释的溶于浓度为96%的乙醇中的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸。孢子溶液中的最终浓度为10nM至100μM且在每种情况下为2%(v/v)96%EtOH。还进行了仅用2%(v/v)96%EtOH处理的对照实验。在处理后,将孢子保持在4℃下过夜以使其萌发。对在光学显微镜下由血细胞计数器中的10μL液滴的5个非重叠区域获取的照片进行孢子计数之后,计算萌发的孢子百分数。当萌发管至少与孢子直径一样长时,认为孢子已萌发。
(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对致病疫霉的菌丝体生长的影响通过测量随时间增加的GFP荧光而测试。含有燕麦-豆培养基的24孔微量抗体测定板(Nunc A/S,丹麦)接种有100μl致病疫霉孢子囊溶液并在17℃下在黑暗中生长。24小时后,加入不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸。最终浓度(对100μl孢子囊溶液计算)为10nM至1mM和1%乙醇。通过测量GFP发射光(激发485nm,发射530nm)测定致病疫霉的生长。
为了研究(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对活的致病疫霉菌丝体的直接影响,将三周大的菌丝体逐滴(10μl)接种不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸。24小时后,记录接种区的GFP荧光图像。
马铃薯植株(Solanum tuberosum L.cv.Désirée)如上所述生长。在接种致病疫霉游离孢子溶液之前,用不同浓度的溶于水中的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠对该植物的离轴叶表面上的滚落点进行喷雾。2小时后,当喷雾的叶面干燥时,将致病疫霉接种到该离轴叶表面上(每叶6个10μl液滴;1×105孢子/ml;每颗植株2叶)。然后将接种的叶片用塑料袋覆盖以确保孢子萌发的100%相对环境湿度。3天后,使用软木塞钻孔器切除接种区域,并将所有特定叶片的叶盘合并得到一个样品。借助定量PCR使用致病疫霉特异性引物测定致病疫霉生物量。
马铃薯黑点病菌生物测定。使马铃薯黑点病菌(CBS369.75)在50ml液态大豆培养基中在黑暗中在18℃下于旋转振荡器上生长5天。为了分离孢子,将所有培养物在2100g和4℃下离心5分钟。再离心含有孢子的上清液(10分钟,6500g,4℃)。在滗析出上清液后,将球状孢子在去离子水中仔细清洗,如上所述离心并最终将大豆培养基中的孢子浓度调节至1×105孢子/ml。为了进行生物试验,将200μl的该孢子溶液移液至96孔板(Nunc A/S,丹麦)的各孔中。将该板在接种器中在17℃下在黑暗中接种24h以使其萌发。然后,如上所述移入测试浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸,最终浓度为0.01-100μM和2%(v/v)乙醇。将各板送回接种器,真菌生物量的增加通过每日进行OD590测量而测定。
实施例1:合成(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸
开发了高生物活性的不饱和脂肪酸的快速且有效的三步合成法(图1)。(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(3)的合成起始于呋喃的简单2-烷基化,其通过用正丁基锂去质子化然后与十二烷基溴反应而得到2-十二烷基呋喃(1)。在NaHCO3和NBS存在下实施该烷基呋喃的氧化性开环反应,以得到(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯醛(2)。最后步骤为在2-甲基-2-丁烯存在下用NaClO2氧化所述醛2而得到作为氯基团清除剂的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(3)和1NHCl(pH=1)。该三步法的总产率为35%。为了提高化合物3在水中的溶解性,对植物喷雾而言,更有利的是与NaOH定量形成钠盐。
实施例2:致病疫霉孢子萌发分析
为了测定(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸(图1,化合物3)对致病疫霉的孢子萌发的影响,调节所述化合物在制备的孢子溶液中的不同浓度,并在24小时后测定萌发速度(图2)。即使在非常低的浓度(10nM)下,与100nM浓度下的乙醇对照例相比其萌发也降低超过50%。在1μM下,小于10%的孢子萌发,在3.7μM下完全防止了萌发。(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸浓度的提高也影响萌发管的长度(图2a-f)。此外,在100μM的浓度下观察到孢子溶菌(图2f)。
实施例3:致病疫霉的菌丝体生长
在生物测定中研究(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对GFP表达的致病疫霉的菌丝体生长的抑制效果。对生长于多孔板中的菌丝体施用不同浓度。用板式读数器记录GFP荧光以测量菌丝体的生长。图3显示出在高浓度(1mM)下抑制其生长。
还研究了(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对成熟菌丝体的影响。为此,将测试溶液滴加至三周大的生长于琼脂板中的菌丝体中。图4显示出此时较低的浓度也对菌丝体成活性具有明显的不利影响。
实施例4:用致病疫霉感染预处理的植物
此外,研究了用(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠(图1,化合物4)对马铃薯植株的进行预处理是否对致病疫霉的感染具有抑制效果。为此,用溶于水中的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠对在植物室中生长的植株进行喷雾,2小时后,接种致病疫霉游离孢子溶液。接种3天后,基于经由定量PCR检测致病疫霉而测定致病疫霉的生长。图5显示与未处理的对照植株相比,用10μM和100μM(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠对植株进行预处理足以抑制分别为80%和95%的致病疫霉感染。用1000μM的非常高浓度(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸钠对叶片进行处理没有产生毒性影响。
实施例5:(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸对马铃薯黑点病菌菌丝体生长的影响
为了测定(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸是否也对子囊菌纲(ascomycete)马铃薯黑点病菌,尤其是马铃薯炭疽病的致病微生物具有抑制效果,进行了多孔生物测定。所述真菌在液体培养基中的生长基于光密度(OD590)的测量而测定。为此使用含有大豆的培养基。将1天大的菌丝体与不同浓度的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸一起接种,每隔24小时测定马铃薯黑点病菌的生长。如图6所示,即使低浓度(0.01μM)也对马铃薯黑点病菌的生长具有显著的抑制效果。提高浓度使真菌生长进一步降低。与乙醇对照例相比,1μM的(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸溶液抑制了超过一半的生长。100μM则导致完全抑制。
实施例6:本发明所选化合物的孢子萌发分析数据:
Claims (16)
1.式(I)化合物或其盐作为抗卵菌剂的用途:
其中:
X选自H、OR1、SR1、NR1R2、N(OR1)(R2)、N(R1)-NR1NR2或N(R1R2R3)+A-,
Y选自OR1、O-Cat+或NR1R2,
Z选自O、S、NR1、NOR1、N-CN或N-NR1R2,
R表示选自如下组的取代基:(i)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22烷基,(ii)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22链烯基,(iii)未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22炔基,(iv)未取代或单-或多取代的-(CH2)m-精胺基团,(v)未取代或单-或多取代的-(CH2)m-亚精胺基团,(vi)未取代或单-或多取代的N-甲基化-(CH2)m-(亚)精胺基团,其中m在每种情况下为1-4的整数,且其中上述基团(i)-(vi)中一个或多个取代基可彼此独立地选自如下组α:C1-C6烷基,C1-C6硫代烷基,可具有一个或多个杂原子如O或S的C3-C7环烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,羟基,三氟甲基,三唑基团,溴,氯,氟,未取代、单-或双取代的苯基、苯氧基、苄基、苄氧基、萘基或萘氧基;和(vii)选自如下基团的亚乙氧基:
-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OH,
-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OMe,
-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH
-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe
-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH
-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OH或
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-[OCH2CH2]n-OMe,
其中n=1-20,优选n=1-5,
R1、R2和R3彼此独立地选自氢,C1-C6酰基,-CONH2,-(CO)-(CH2)0-6-COOH,乳酰基,C1-C6烷基,可具有一个或多个杂原子如O或S的C3-C7环烷基,未取代、单-或双取代且取代基可选自组α的苯基、苄基或萘基,
A-表示选自卤离子、氯酸根或羧酸根的阴离子,
Cat+表示一价或二价阳离子,
如果存在的话,位于C5的立体异构中心以R或S形式或以外消旋物存在,且
C2-C3双键以E或Z形式存在。
2.如权利要求1的用途,其中在式(I)中:
X选自H、OR1、NR1R2、N(OR1)(R2)、N(R1)-NR1R2或N(R1R2R3)+A-,
Y选自OR1或O-Cat+,
Z选自O,
R表示选自未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22烷基,优选C7-C12烷基,未取代或单-或多取代的C3-C22链烯基的取代基,
R1、R2和R3彼此独立地选自氢、C1-C6酰基或C1-C6烷基,且
C2-C3双键以E形式存在。
3.如权利要求1或2的用途,其中X表示OR1且R1表示氢、C1-C6酰基或C1-C6烷基。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项的用途,其中R表示C3-C22烷基、C3-C22链烯基、-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OH或-CH2[OCH2CH2]n-OMe,其中n=1-20,优选n=1-5。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项的用途,其中R表示选自香叶基、橙花基、金合欢基和香叶基香叶基的低聚异戊二烯基。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项的用途,其中式(I)化合物为(E)-4-氧代十六碳-2-烯酸或其盐。
7.一种防治植物病原体的方法,包括将有效量的权利要求1-6中任一项的化合物或其盐施用至植物、植物部分或其中生长有植物的土壤。
8.如权利要求7的方法,其中所述植物病原体选自真菌(Fungi)和卵菌(Peronosporomycetes)。
9.如权利要求7或8的方法,其中所述植物病原体为真菌且进一步选自马铃薯黑点病菌、禾生刺盘孢菌、小麦壳针孢、禾谷镰孢、禾白粉病菌、稻瘟菌、蜀黍黑粉菌、马铃薯早疫病菌、黄枝孢、异旋孢腔菌、偃麦草核腔菌、黄萎轮枝孢和大丽花轮枝孢。
10.如权利要求7或8的方法,其中所述植物病原体为卵菌且进一步选自白绣属、盘梗霉菌属、单轴霉属、霜霉属和疫霉菌属。
11.如权利要求10的方法,其中所述植物病原体为东北霜霉。
12.如权利要求10的方法,其中所述植物病原体属于疫霉菌属且进一步选自大豆疫霉病菌、棕榈疫霉、栎属植物猝死病菌、樟疫霉、辣椒疫霉和致病疫霉。
13.如权利要求12的方法,其中所述植物病原体为致病疫霉。
14.如权利要求7-12中任一项的方法,其中所述植物选自豆科,尤其是大豆;葫芦科,尤其是南瓜属如瓠果、香瓜属如马泡瓜和黄瓜,以及西瓜属如西瓜;十字花科,尤其是芸苔属如芸苔、卷心菜和芜菁;禾本科,尤其是小麦属、大麦属、稻和玉蜀黍;茄科,尤其是烟草属如烟草,辣椒属如辣椒,以及茄属如马铃薯、番茄和茄子;葡萄属如葡萄;甜菜;和可可树属。
15.如权利要求14的方法,其中所述植物为马铃薯。
16.如权利要求7-12中任一项的方法,其中权利要求1-6中任一项的化合物或其盐的浓度为1nM至10mM。
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DE102009022619.2 | 2009-05-26 | ||
DE102009022619A DE102009022619B4 (de) | 2009-05-26 | 2009-05-26 | Antioomycotica |
PCT/EP2010/003189 WO2010136185A2 (de) | 2009-05-26 | 2010-05-26 | Antioomycotica |
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CN (1) | CN102448296A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010252297A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1007690A8 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2761433A1 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2011002978A1 (zh) |
CR (1) | CR20110598A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102009022619B4 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA201101652A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2011012511A (zh) |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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LENNART ESCHEN-LIPPOLD ET AL: "Antioomycete Activity of γ-Oxocrotonate Fatty Acids against P. infestans", 《J. AGRIC. FOOD CHEM》 * |
TEICHERT AXEL ET AL: "Unusual Bioactive 4-Oxo-2-alkenoic Fatty Acids from Hygrophorus eburneus", 《ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG TEIL B: ANORGANISCHE CHEMIE ORGANISCHE CHEMIE VERLAG DER ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG》 * |
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BRPI1007690A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
EP2434878A2 (de) | 2012-04-04 |
KR20120026512A (ko) | 2012-03-19 |
AU2010252297A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2434878B1 (de) | 2014-01-08 |
WO2010136185A3 (de) | 2011-03-10 |
DE102009022619B4 (de) | 2012-04-05 |
CA2761433A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
US8648115B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
CL2011002978A1 (es) | 2012-04-20 |
CR20110598A (es) | 2012-04-17 |
DE102009022619A1 (de) | 2010-12-16 |
JP2012528094A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
WO2010136185A2 (de) | 2010-12-02 |
MX2011012511A (es) | 2012-02-28 |
BRPI1007690A8 (pt) | 2016-08-16 |
ZA201109420B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
EA201101652A1 (ru) | 2012-07-30 |
US20120129938A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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