CN102442844A - Comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes - Google Patents
Comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102442844A CN102442844A CN2010105006275A CN201010500627A CN102442844A CN 102442844 A CN102442844 A CN 102442844A CN 2010105006275 A CN2010105006275 A CN 2010105006275A CN 201010500627 A CN201010500627 A CN 201010500627A CN 102442844 A CN102442844 A CN 102442844A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes, belonging to the technical field of environment protection, and particularly relating to the comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes. The process comprises the steps of: a, preparing materials; b, pre-treating; c, mixing various types of tobacco wastes with process water; d, adding inoculums; and e, producing biogas residues generated in the step d into efficient multi-strain compound ecological fertilizer, enabling generated biogas slurry to flow back for state regulation of an anaerobic fermentation system or for entering an aerobic composting process flow, and providing electric energies and heat energies needed by a process system by generated sewage gas through a heat-electricity co-production device. TS of the material used in the invention can reach 30%-40%; the comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes is high in load, short in fermentation period, high in gas production rate, steady in quality, simple and convenient in pre-treatment and post-treatment of products; meanwhile, the comprehensive resource treatment process of tobacco wastes can remarkably reduce consumption of water and energies, decrease operation cost, and realize resource, harmless and reduced treatment of the tobacco wastes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental technology field, particularly a kind of tobacco waste comprehensive process technology.
Background technology
China's tobacco planting area and output all occupy first place in the world, and tobacco planting plays an important role with being processed in the national economic development.China is tobacco big producing country; Annual yield of tobacco has ten thousand tons of 450-500, and wherein ten thousand tons of tobacco wastes of 90-150 can not be applied to cigarette industry, cause environmental pollution; Therefore; The comprehensive utilization of strengthening tobacco waste not only can make this part refuse become valuable resource, and can improve tobacco grower's income, promotes the sound development of " two cigarettes " industry.
At present, the traditional composting process of domestic main employing is handled tobacco waste, because of the fertilizer rotten degree that has output low; Sterilization is not thorough, and organic content is low, and problem such as N, P, K content be not high; Cause this type fertilizer not to be suitable for the farmland, only suit to do " soil improvement agent " or " soil redeposition ", be used for aspects such as greening, Revegetation, land reclamation, desertification land improvement; Thereby make the price of fertilizer low, slack market.The dusty gas that the composting production process discharging is a large amount of causes environmental pollution.The most operations of compost engineering are unable to make ends meet, are in dead status, caused great waste.Therefore, be the quality of the fertilizer of raw material in order to promote with the tobacco waste, improve the comprehensive benefit of tobacco waste recycling project, just the requirement of production technique for fertilizer and the quality of fertilizer product are had higher requirement.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defective of prior art; A kind of environmental pollution that both can effectively reduce tobacco waste and caused is provided; Simultaneously again can the green clean energy-biogas of output and produce efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer, make tobacco waste handle the tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique that develops to the comprehensive utilization of resources direction by single treatment technology.
Tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique of the present invention the steps include:
A. get the raw materials ready, tobacco waste is placed in the material storage container;
B. pre-treatment is carried out pre-treatment with tobacco waste, is crushed to granularity≤30mm, and again that fragmentation is good mass transport is carried out stack retting to the stack retting pond;
C. all kinds of tobacco wastes and process water are mixed, process water is exactly the water that adds according to arts demand, is generally tap water, natural pond liquid, and making the carbon nitrogen mass ratio of material is 20～30: 1, and TS total solids level concentration is 30%～35%;
D. add inoculum, adopt high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation method, carrying out anaerobically fermenting through the pretreated material of step b;
E. the natural pond slag of steps d output is processed efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer; To then the reflux status adjustment that is used for anaerobic fermentation system or get into the aerobic composting process flow process of the natural pond liquid of output, be that process system provides required electric energy and heat energy through cogeneration system to the biogas of output.
The said stack retting time of step b is 3～5 days.
The described high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation of steps d is converted into biogas, natural pond liquid and natural pond slag with tobacco waste, and leavening temperature is 55～60 ℃, and fermentation time is 15～30 days.
Step e with complete anaerobically fermenting after the natural pond slag of output dewater, obtain the raw materials for production of efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer.
The said biogas utilization of step e is to generate electricity through cogeneration system, and through heat reclaiming system the heat energy that is produced is recycled, to satisfy the energy demand of whole technology.
Step e is said to add complex micro organism fungicide with the natural pond slag, processes efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer.
Described tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique, the production technique of efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer is:
50 ℃ of left and right sides aerobic composts of temperature in
;
Described other waste of step
is one or more in brown coal, oil cake, the dregs of beans.
The tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique that the present invention proposes; Directly carry out the problems such as final product quality instability that exist in the compost treatment to present tobacco waste; Propose anaerobic and aerobic and handled the tobacco waste treatment process that combines; Provide a kind of tobacco waste to carry out anaerobically fermenting earlier and handle, green clean energy---the biogas of output; With natural pond slag, natural pond liquid and the compound preparation of other base-materials of many bacterial classifications microbial inoculum and anaerobically fermenting output, adopt the working method of efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer to carry out the aerobic compost processing of tobacco waste then, this processing mode both can improve fertilizer efficiency, reduce cost; Can make the fertilizer of output have the nutrient diversification again; Fertilizer efficiency is steady, and non-harmful effect is applicable to all kinds of farm crop; More economical actual practical; On the basis of paying attention to the fertilizer use, the utilization of " energy " having strengthened tobacco waste is contained can improve the comprehensive benefit that tobacco waste is handled to greatest extent.The present invention at first gets the raw materials ready to tobacco waste, and tobacco waste is carried out pre-treatment, required suitable particle size, TS concentration and temperature of reaction when reaching anaerobically fermenting; Then, adopt high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation method, to carrying out anaerobically fermenting through pretreated material; Then the natural pond slag of output is processed efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer; To then the reflux status adjustment that is used for anaerobic fermentation system or get into the aerobic composting process flow process of the natural pond liquid of output; Biogas to output is that process system provides required electric energy and heat energy through cogeneration system; Also available methane boiler is converted into heat energy with biogas and directly is used for the first roasting of tobacco leaf, thereby has formed the multi-level benign cycle ecosystem that utilizes of biomass, has realized real zero release.Technology of the present invention can realize that also tobacco waste focuses on transformation by the small-scale workshop to through engineering approaches, mass-producing, and the resource utilization of tobacco waste is improved, and operation cost reduces, and comprehensive benefit significantly improves.
The tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique that the present invention proposes; Have following advantage and positively effect: change present tobacco waste contaminate environment; Be difficult to the effectively present situation of processing; To its comprehensive treating process of carrying out innoxious to greatest extent, minimizing, resource utilization, its economic benefit and social benefit are quite remarkable; Tobacco waste is carried out the high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation handle, can effectively kill pathogenic microorganism and parasite in the tobacco waste; Tobacco waste is carried out the high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation handle, can handle TS concentration, improve the tobacco waste processing efficiency, can improve biogas yield, save energy again at the tobacco waste more than 30%; Anaerobically fermenting is handled the biogas that produces, and generates electricity through cogeneration units, and heat recovery can not only provide the energy consumption of whole process of production self, forms a self-centered circulation, and also has a large amount of energy to supply outward; The natural pond liquid that anaerobically fermenting handle to produce through the back recycle that refluxes, can carry out that supplied materials is mixed in whole anaerobic system status adjustment or the composting process; Anaerobically fermenting is handled the natural pond slag that produces, and processes efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer through processing, has greatly improved value-added content of product; It is little that prior biological composite fertilizer uses scope, and the present invention adopts the compound preparations of base-material such as complex micro organism fungicide and natural pond slag, has improved fertilizer efficiency greatly, has reduced cost, has the nutrient diversification, and fertilizer efficiency is steady, and non-harmful effect is suitable for all kinds of farm crop to use; Fertilizer is processed into particulate state, has improved the long-lasting of fertilizer greatly and reduced loss of active ingredients, be easy to store and transportation; Tobacco waste carries out the product after the high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation is handled, and can both carry out cycling and reutilization, has formed biomass and has utilized the benign cycle ecosystem at many levels, has realized real zero release.
Adopt dry-type anaerobic fermentation technology to carry out tobacco waste and handle, the TS of used material can reach 30～40%, and it is big to handle load; Fermentation period is short; Big and the steady quality of gas production rate, the pre-treatment and the aftertreatment of product are easy, can also significantly reduce the consumption to the water and the energy simultaneously; Reduce running cost, can realize tobacco waste resource utilization, innoxious, minimizing processing.Adopt this art breading tobacco waste not only can be translated into green clean energy---biogas, effectively reduce greenhouse gas emission, can also produce high-quality ecological organic fertilier, improved the comprehensive benefit of handling to greatest extent.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique schema of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described, but the present invention is not done any restriction.
As shown in the figure, technology of the present invention comprise get the raw materials ready, pre-treatment, be mixed, operation such as anaerobically fermenting, biogas utilization, natural pond slag composting.
Embodiment one
After tobacco waste is collected, be placed on different material storage containers respectively by the different qualities of supplied materials; Again solid-state tobacco waste is carried out fragmentation; Reach granularity≤30mm,, different supplied materials is transported in the spice pond through transfer roller through behind 3 days stack rettings; Mix with the anaerobically digested sludge of process water, sewage work, be 35% to produce TS concentration, temperature is 30 ℃～40 ℃ mixture.
Adopting the mode of feeding machine or pumping to feed pretreated material forces simultaneously inoculum to be added in the fermentation unit together in the feeding device.This technique unit is continuous processing unit, and at regular time and quantity that pre-treatment is the good material feeding fermentation unit, all these processes are accomplished by automatic operation system control.
Tobacco waste high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in anaerobic ferment devices, and the leavening temperature control is at 60 ℃.Material needs in anaerobic ferment devices, to stop 20 days, reacts completely to guarantee anaerobically fermenting, and the main technologic parameters in the entire reaction course does not receive the weather environmental influence through controlling with the artificial mode that combines automatically, has higher operation stability.
In fermentation unit, a stir shaft that laterally runs through is installed, a lot of agitating arms that distribute on the stir shaft, under the drive of drive-motor, slowly rotation is stirred.And material is carried with the plug flow mode under the effect of continuously feeding promotion and stirring, finally arrives the fermentation unit outlet.In the meantime, under different microorganism species effects, by fully degraded, tobacco waste is broken down into biogas, natural pond slag and natural pond liquid to material through hydrolysis, acidifying and product biogas three phases.
The material outlet that ferments is located at the terminal bottom of fermentation unit, and the material of fermentation finished thoroughly1 exports through this and discharges, and methane outlet is located at the terminal top of fermentation unit, and collecting methane back well generates electricity through cogeneration system.The material that newly prepares is sent constantly into fermentation unit, and the tobacco waste of fermentation finished thoroughly1 is then constantly discharged, and guarantees the continuity of whole anaerobic fermentation system work with this.
This anaerobic ferment devices is welded on heat-exchanger rig on the outer sidewall of fermentor tank; With lagging material parcel, and by the road, valve and recycle pump be connected to form circulating heat supply system with heating plant, gear is connected with the interior temperature measuring equipment of fermentor tank; According to the result who records temperature variation in the fermentor tank; Control Circulation pump and valve are realized to the heat-exchanger rig heat supply or are stopped heat supply, and then material temperature in the realization adjusting fermentor tank, reach constant temperature.
The natural pond slag that the back that reacts completely generates is exported from anaerobic ferment devices, formed solid-state vegetable mould, as the base-material of producing ecological fertilizer through dehydration.
Solid-state vegetable mould as one of main raw material of ecological fertilizer, is added oil cake and dregs of beans again,, add specific microbial inoculum and additive, process the ecological compound manure of efficient many bacterium according to the demand of Soil structure situation and farm crop.
In the ecological compound manure making processes of efficient many bacterium, at first vegetable mould is worn into fine powder, add complex micro organism fungicide, other waste and process water and be mixed; Experience high temperature aerobic composting, middle temperature aerobic compost more respectively after two stages; Through screening, drier, granulating system granulation, process complex ecological fertilizer, finished product is packed with automatic packing machine; The automatic stacking machine piling is transported to the finished product storehouse with shovel loader and stores.
Natural pond liquid that the anaerobically fermenting reaction process produces and the waste water that natural pond slag dehydration produces partly return the anaerobic ferment process flow process, are used for that supplied materials is mixed and the fermenting process status adjustment; All the other then get into the fertilize preparation craft flow process, and the raw material that is used for the composting process is mixed.
The biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces is stored in the gas reservoir through gas collector, with the fluctuation in the balance biogas production.Generate electricity through cogeneration system, and waste heat is recycled, to satisfy the energy demand of whole process system through heat reclaiming system.
Embodiment two
After tobacco waste is collected, be placed on different material storage containers respectively by the different qualities of supplied materials; Again solid-state tobacco waste is carried out fragmentation; Reach granularity≤30mm; Through behind 5 days stack rettings; Through transfer roller different supplied materials is transported in the spice pond, mixes, be 32% to produce TS concentration, temperature is 30 ℃～40 ℃ mixture with the anaerobically digested sludge and the reuse natural pond slag of process water, sewage work.
Adopting the mode of feeding machine or pumping to feed pretreated material forces simultaneously inoculum to be added in the fermentation unit together in the feeding device.This technique unit is continuous processing unit, and at regular time and quantity that pre-treatment is the good material feeding fermentation unit, all these processes are accomplished by automatic operation system control.
Tobacco waste high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in anaerobic ferment devices, and the leavening temperature control is at 55 ℃.Material needs in anaerobic ferment devices, to stop 15 days, by carrying out the anaerobically fermenting subsequent disposal with embodiment one identical technology.
Afterwards, solid-state vegetable mould as one of main raw material of ecological fertilizer, is added oil cake and dregs of beans again,, add specific microbial inoculum and additive, process the ecological compound manure of efficient many bacterium according to the demand of Soil structure situation and farm crop.
The utilization of biogas, natural pond liquid and the follow-up fertilize preparation craft of natural pond slag are by handling with embodiment one identical technology.
Embodiment three
After tobacco waste is collected, be placed on different material storage containers respectively by the different qualities of supplied materials; Again solid-state tobacco waste is carried out fragmentation; Reach granularity≤30mm; Through behind 4 days stack rettings; Through transfer roller different supplied materials is transported in the spice pond, mixes, be 30% to produce TS concentration, temperature is 30 ℃～40 ℃ mixture with process water, septic tank bed mud, water drain bed mud, reuse natural pond slag.
Adopting the mode of feeding machine or pumping to feed pretreated material forces simultaneously inoculum to be added in the fermentation unit together in the feeding device.This technique unit is continuous processing unit, and at regular time and quantity that pre-treatment is the good material feeding fermentation unit, all these processes are accomplished by automatic operation system control.
Tobacco waste high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in anaerobic ferment devices, and the leavening temperature control is at 58 ℃.Material needs in anaerobic ferment devices, to stop 30 days, by carrying out the anaerobically fermenting subsequent disposal with embodiment one identical technology.
Afterwards, just solid-state vegetable mould adds brown coal, oil cake, dregs of beans again as one of main raw material of ecological fertilizer, according to the demand of Soil structure situation and farm crop, adds specific microbial inoculum and additive, processes the ecological compound manure of efficient many bacterium.
The utilization of biogas, natural pond liquid and the follow-up fertilize preparation craft of natural pond slag are by handling with embodiment one identical technology.
Technology of the present invention has formed the multi-level benign cycle ecosystem that utilizes of biomass, has realized real zero release; The processing that also can realize tobacco waste focuses on transformation by the small-scale workshopization to through engineering approaches, mass-producing, and the resource utilization of tobacco waste is improved, and operation cost reduces, and comprehensive benefit significantly improves.
Claims (8)
1. a tobacco waste comprehensive process technology is characterized in that, the steps include:
A. get the raw materials ready, tobacco waste is placed in the material storage container;
B. pre-treatment is carried out pre-treatment with tobacco waste, is crushed to granularity≤30mm, and again that fragmentation is good mass transport is carried out stack retting to the stack retting pond;
C. all kinds of tobacco wastes and process water are mixed, making the carbon nitrogen mass ratio of material is 20～30: 1, and TS total solids level concentration is 30%～35%;
D. add inoculum, adopt high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation method, carrying out anaerobically fermenting through the pretreated material of step b;
E. the natural pond slag of steps d output is processed efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer; To then the reflux status adjustment that is used for anaerobic fermentation system or get into the aerobic composting process flow process of the natural pond liquid of output, be that process system provides required electric energy and heat energy through cogeneration system to the biogas of output.。
2. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said stack retting time of step b is 3～5 days.
3. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described high temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation of steps d is converted into biogas, natural pond liquid and natural pond slag with tobacco waste, and leavening temperature is 55～60 ℃, and fermentation time is 15～30 days.
4. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step e with complete anaerobically fermenting after the natural pond slag of output dewater, obtain the raw materials for production of efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer.
5. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the said biogas utilization of step e is to generate electricity through cogeneration system; And through heat reclaiming system the heat energy that is produced is recycled, to satisfy the energy demand of whole technology.
6. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step e is said to add complex micro organism fungicide with the natural pond slag, processes efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer.
7. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the production technique of efficient many bacterium complex ecological fertilizer is:
is mixed; Natural pond slag and other waste and process water are mixed in proportion, and add the complex micro organism fungicide of the 3-5% of total mass;
50 ℃～65 ℃ aerobic composts of temperature in
;
8. tobacco waste comprehensive processing technique according to claim 7; It is characterized in that described other waste of step
is one or more in brown coal, oil cake, the dregs of beans.
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102887754A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-01-23 | 师宗海利食品有限责任公司 | Process for producing marsh gas and bioorganic fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste |
| CN103214277A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-24 | 蚌埠市宏博生态牧业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer production process method |
| CN103387426A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-13 | 常熟市常福有机复合肥有限公司 | Tobacco biological organic fertilizer |
| CN103651576A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Saccharified nicotine pesticide liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104711296A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-17 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | Inactivation method for tobacco viruses |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102887754A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-01-23 | 师宗海利食品有限责任公司 | Process for producing marsh gas and bioorganic fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste |
| CN103214277A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-24 | 蚌埠市宏博生态牧业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer production process method |
| CN103387426A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-13 | 常熟市常福有机复合肥有限公司 | Tobacco biological organic fertilizer |
| CN103651576A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Saccharified nicotine pesticide liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN103651576B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-04-20 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of honeyization nicotine insecticidal solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN104711296A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-17 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | Inactivation method for tobacco viruses |
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Application publication date: 20120509 |