CN102421497A - 用于净化水的设备 - Google Patents

用于净化水的设备 Download PDF

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CN102421497A
CN102421497A CN2010800196731A CN201080019673A CN102421497A CN 102421497 A CN102421497 A CN 102421497A CN 2010800196731 A CN2010800196731 A CN 2010800196731A CN 201080019673 A CN201080019673 A CN 201080019673A CN 102421497 A CN102421497 A CN 102421497A
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water
free radical
separator
hydroxyl radical
equipment
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R·埃伯勒
M·克赖比希
M·德韦斯
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Hydac Filtertechnik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D36/00Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/003Filters in combination with devices for the removal of liquids
    • B01D36/008Means to filter or treat the separated liquid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/288Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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    • B01D33/21Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D33/00Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/58Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element
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    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/24Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by water separating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/32Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/322Lamp arrangement
    • C02F2201/3222Units using UV-light emitting diodes [LED]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105Details relating to the electrolytic devices
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F2305/02Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10Photocatalysts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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Abstract

一种用于净化水(6,9)的设备(2),该水由过滤器、特别是燃料过滤器(4)或燃料系统的元件所排出或接收并且掺杂有有机内含物,其特征在于,借助分离装置(8)由水(6、9)形成羟基自由基,该羟基自由基尽可能地氧化杂质、特别是有机内含物并将其转化成化合物、例如CO2

Description

用于净化水的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于净化水的设备,该水从过滤器、特别是燃料过滤器或燃料系统的元件排出或接收并且掺杂有有机内含物。
背景技术
为了保证待供应液态燃料的驱动单元、特别是如内燃发动机的运行可靠性,通常在燃料供应系统中设置分离水的燃料过滤器。特别是要求分离在柴油燃料中包含的或者夹带的水,以便保护敏感的喷射系统不被损坏。在这样的系统中分离出的水加载有不同的有机内含物、例如加载有由流过燃料过滤器的柴油燃料构成的悬浮油滴。因此出于环境保护的原因,禁止将从燃料过滤系统中分离出的水不经过进一步处理地排入环境中。
发明内容
考虑到这一问题,本发明的目的在于,提供一种对从燃料供应系统中分离出的水进行净化的设备,该设备虽然能简单而经济地运行,但它能够实现有效地除去有机加载物,从而净化过的水可以不让人担心地排入环境中。
根据本发明,该目的通过一种设备得到解决,该设备总体上具有权利要求1的特征。
据此,本发明的主要特点在于,所述设备具有分离装置,借助该分离装置能从待净化的水中分解出羟基自由基,该羟基自由基将有机内含物尽可能地氧化成无机化合物、例如CO2。因为羟基自由基在化学上是高反应活性的,因此羟基自由基能够发挥如此高的氧化潜能,以致有机加载物、例如油-水的乳浊液或柴油悬浮液滴在从柴油-燃料过滤器分离出的水中实际上完全氧化成CO2
在特别有利的实施例中,分离装置具有电解装置和/或具有形成羟基自由基的介质、例如催化剂如二氧化钛。
如果借助电解通过水的分解产生羟基自由基,则能特别有利地作出这样的布置结构,即,电解装置具有至少一个在电解时起阳极作用的金刚石电极。借助通过掺杂硼元素而能导电的金刚石电极,可实现特殊的水分解。在电解时水通常分解为氢气和氧气时,而金刚石电极提供这样的工作区域,在该工作区域中不是形成氢气和氧气、而是形成高反应活性的羟基自由基。
在有利的实施例中,电解装置具有两个金刚石电极,该两个金刚石电极在被极性颠倒地通电的情况下、交替地起阳极和阴极的作用,此时该设备可用交流电运行。
或者如果一个金刚石电极作为用于电解的阳极起作用,那么优选使用一个不锈钢电极作为阴极。该不锈钢电极在电解时受到阴极保护,根据电化学保护法,如其例如在坦克或在船舶中用于腐蚀保护。
优选地作出如此的布置结构,即,设备具有连接在有关燃料过滤器下游的、用于待净化的水的处理空间,该处理空间具有用于净化过的水的、可控的出口或者输送装置或者溢流口以及所述分离装置,用以使位于处理空间中的水与所形成的羟基自由基接触。
代替布置电解电极,分离装置可以具有一位于处理空间中的本体,该本体含有二氧化钛或者涂覆有二氧化钛并且形成与水接触的羟基自由基。
此外,在特别有利的实施例中规定,优选除了位于处理空间中的、产生羟基自由基的装置部件外,分离装置在所配置的燃料过滤器中具有配备有二氧化钛的、用于形成羟基自由基的过滤介质。
为了利于通过二氧化钛形成羟基自由基,分离装置可以具有用于引入辐射能的器件。为此可以设有优选波长为180至300纳米的、人工的或天然的光源。
根据在什么地方借助二氧化钛实现羟基自由基的形成,这样的辐射源可以设置用于辐射处理空间和/或燃料过滤器的内部空间。
附图说明
下面将根据在附图中示出的实施例对本发明详细地进行说明。其中:
图1示出根据本发明的设备的一个实施例的仅仅示意示出的功能简图,和
图2示出设备的第二实施例的与图1相对应的视图。
具体实施方式
下面根据实例对本发明进行说明,在这些实施例中,净化设备2如此地集成在燃料供应系统中,以致从分离水的燃料过滤器4分离出的水6直接排入设备2的形成处理空间的容器8中。当然,净化设备2也可形成一个与燃料供应系统分开的单元,在此单元中所接收的水被净化。
在这里所述的实施例中,燃料过滤器4设置在燃料管道10的线路中并且被燃料、例如柴油流过,然后将该燃料、例如柴油输入给待供应的设备(未示出)、例如柴油发动机的喷射泵。在过滤器4中分离出的水6被直接排入设备2的容器8中。容器8为排入的水9形成一处理空间,该处理空间带有可控的出口12和可控的排出口14,利用其借助在技术方面常见的水平传感器装置在预定的处理时间内将填充量的待净化的水9相应地保持汇集并且在完成净化后将其排出。
在图1和图2的两个实施例中,通过以这样的方式氧化有机加载物来实现来自燃料过滤器的水6、9的净化,即,使这些加载物在用作处理空间的容器8中与高反应活性的羟基自由基进行接触。在两个实施例中,羟基自由基借助分离装置从位于容器8中的水分子分解出。在图1的实施例中,为此通过电解实现水的分解,此电解借助两个金刚石电极16和18进行。在电解时水通常分解成氢气和氧气,而金刚石电极16、18提供这样的工作区域,在此工作区域内代替氧气而形成高侵蚀性的羟基自由基。
金刚石电极16、18可以以下列方式形成,即,在2000℃至3000℃之间的很高的温度下由氢气和碳氢化合物、如甲烷在能导电的基体上施加仅几微米厚的、结晶的金刚石层,其中,掺杂硼元素使得金刚石层成为导电的。
如果在图1的实施例中两个电极16和18是金刚石电极,那么通过施加交流电压就能实现电解,此时根据极性颠倒总是其中一个电极16或18起阳极作用,而另一个电极16或18起阴极作用。或者可以作出如此的布置结构,即,仅仅电极之一——在图1所示的实例中是电极16——是一个金刚石电极并与直流电源的正极接线端子20相连接。在这种情况下,起阴极作用并与负极接线端子22相连接的电极18是一个不锈钢电极。由此在运行时,根据常见的用于坦克和船舶腐蚀保护的电化学保护方法,对于起阴极作用的电极18产生阴极保护。
在各种情况下,通过所形成的羟基自由基的高的氧化潜能来保证,作为加载物位于水中的有机物质被氧化为不让人担心的无机化合物、特别是从容器8逸出的CO2。净化过的水然后可以不让人担心地排入环境中。
图2示出这样一个实例,在该实例中代替构成为电解装置的分离装置而利用化学式分离装置,也就是以下述方式,即,使一含有二氧化钛的、位于容器8中的本体30与待净化的水9接触。与二氧化钛的接触导致羟基自由基从有关的水9中分解出来。正如所发现的那样,通过引入辐射能可以加强这种化学机理。引入辐射能可以通过人工的或天然的光源24来实现,该光源在容器8内部辐射容器内含物。180至300纳米的波长范围已被证明是特别有效的。光源24可以涉及阳光、灯如LED或类似物。
在图1和图2的两个实施例中也可以规定,燃料过滤器4配备有过滤介质26,该过滤介质具有带有二氧化钛的涂层,从而已经在燃料过滤器4中形成用于由水6分解出羟基自由基的分离装置。由此实现的净化可以代替在容器8中的水净化或者附加于此地可设置作为预净化。如在容器8内部的分离装置中那样,对于在燃料过滤器4中形成的分离装置也可以设有用于引入辐射能的装置作为反应增强装置,在本实例中为另外的光源28。
本发明能利用可简单运行的设备实现有效的净化,该设备不需要任何消耗材料,而只是需要引入电能用于电解或者必要时用于光源24、28形式的辐射源。

Claims (9)

1.用于净化水(6,9)的设备(2),该水由过滤器、特别是燃料过滤器(4)或燃料系统的单元所排出或接收并且掺杂有有机内含物,其特征在于,借助分离装置(8)由水(6,9)形成羟基自由基,该羟基自由基尽可能地氧化杂质、特别是有机内含物并将其转化成化合物、例如二氧化碳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,分离装置具有电解装置(16,18,20,22)和/或具有形成羟基自由基的介质(30)、如二氧化钛。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,电解装置具有至少一个在电解时起阳极作用的金刚石电极(16)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,电解装置具有两个金刚石电极(16和18),这两个金刚石电极在被极性颠倒地通电的情况下、交替地起阳极和阴极的作用。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备具有连接在有关燃料过滤器(4)下游的、用于待净化的水(6、9)的处理空间(8),该处理空间具有用于净化过的水的、可控的出口(12)或输送装置或溢流口(14)以及所述分离装置(16,18;30),用以使位于处理空间(8)中的水(9)与所形成的羟基自由基接触。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,分离装置具有一位于处理空间(8)中的本体(30),该本体含有二氧化钛或者涂覆有二氧化钛并且形成与水(9)接触的羟基自由基。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备,其特征在于,优选除了位于处理空间(8)中的、产生羟基自由基的装置部件(16,18;30)外,所述分离装置在所配置的燃料过滤器(4)中具有配备有二氧化钛的、用于形成羟基自由基的过滤介质(26)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,为利于通过二氧化钛形成羟基自由基,所述分离装置具有用于引入辐射能的器件(24,28)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,设有辐射源(24,28)用于辐射处理空间(8)和/或燃料过滤器(4)的内部空间。
CN2010800196731A 2009-05-02 2010-04-23 用于净化水的设备 Pending CN102421497A (zh)

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DE102009019800.8 2009-05-02
DE200910019800 DE102009019800A1 (de) 2009-05-02 2009-05-02 Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Wasser
PCT/EP2010/002502 WO2010127774A1 (de) 2009-05-02 2010-04-23 Vorrichtung zum reinigen von wasser

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DE102009019800A1 (de) 2010-11-11
EP2424640A1 (de) 2012-03-07
EP2424640B1 (de) 2018-01-24
US20120080368A1 (en) 2012-04-05
KR20120014190A (ko) 2012-02-16
KR101676626B1 (ko) 2016-11-16
US8865004B2 (en) 2014-10-21

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