CN102418916A - 以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉 - Google Patents
以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102418916A CN102418916A CN2011103997988A CN201110399798A CN102418916A CN 102418916 A CN102418916 A CN 102418916A CN 2011103997988 A CN2011103997988 A CN 2011103997988A CN 201110399798 A CN201110399798 A CN 201110399798A CN 102418916 A CN102418916 A CN 102418916A
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- Prior art keywords
- communicated
- coal
- input port
- delivery outlet
- boiler
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及油田注气锅炉，具体是一种以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉。本发明解决了现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题。以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，包括煤粉燃烧系统、锅炉本体、以及烟气处理设备；所述煤粉燃烧系统包括中间粉仓、给粉机、混合器、煤粉燃烧器、一次风机、二次风机、以及石油液化气罐；所述锅炉本体包括J形炉膛、炉顶、以及对流烟道；所述烟气处理设备包括布袋除尘器、引风机、脱硫器、以及烟囱。本发明基于全新结构，实现了煤的清洁燃烧，在亚临界压力下生产饱和蒸汽，解决了现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题，适用于油田原油热采工艺过程。
Description
以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及油田注气锅炉，具体是一种以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉。 背景技术
[0002] 油田热采是指对地下难以开采的黏稠原油进行加热后进行开采。在油田热采过程中用于向地下油层中注入蒸汽加热原油的蒸汽发生设备称为热采锅炉，也叫油田注气锅炉。油田注气锅炉是一种高参数小容量直流蒸汽锅炉，其工作压力高达18Mpa，但容量一般不大。早期的油田注气锅炉燃料一般使用油、气或油田的石油副产品，如废油废气等，而后随着石油价格不断攀升，即使是油田，也希望采用廉价的煤燃料来代替昂贵的燃油，以降低稠油开采成本，于是就有了燃煤油田注气锅炉。现有的燃煤油田注气锅炉一般是以原煤为燃料的层燃锅炉(链条炉排锅炉)，直接燃烧原煤的缺点主要有两条：一是效率低，能源利用不充分(一般公认链条炉排锅炉的平均运行效率只有65%左右）；二是锅炉大气污染物排放量较大，不利于环境保护。煤粉燃烧是公认的煤的高效洁净燃烧方式之一，其燃烧效率通常可达95 %〜99 %以上，是其它燃烧方式所难以达到的。煤粉燃烧技术原本是一项成熟的燃烧技术，在大型电站锅炉上应用相当普遍，并有长期的历史，只是由于经济发展和科学技术的局限，受到成本高、无法控制大气污染物初始排放浓度而造成污染物排放严重等方面的制约，使得这项清洁燃烧技术在小容量锅炉上长期未得到良好的应用。随着节能环保成为基本国策并日益深入人心，煤粉燃烧这项节能高效清洁燃烧技术在小容量锅炉上的研发和应用近年来得到重视。油田注气锅炉属于高参数、小容量的特种锅炉，在油田注气锅炉上应用煤粉燃烧技术，可实现低能耗、低排放。基于此，有必要发明一种以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，以解决现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明为了解决现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题，提供了一种以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉。
[0004] 本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，包括煤粉燃烧系统、锅炉本体、以及烟气处理设备；所述煤粉燃烧系统包括中间粉仓、给粉机、混合器、 煤粉燃烧器、一次风机、二次风机、以及石油液化气罐；中间粉仓的输出口与给粉机的输入口连通，给粉机的输出口与混合器的输入口连通，混合器的输出口与煤粉燃烧器的输入口连通，石油液化气罐的输出口与煤粉燃烧器的引火口连通；所述锅炉本体包括J形炉膛、炉顶、以及对流烟道；煤粉燃烧器安装于J形炉膛的前墙上，且煤粉燃烧器的输出口与J形炉膛的输入口连通J形炉膛内和炉顶内均安装有水冷壁J形炉膛顶部通过炉顶与对流烟道顶部连通；对流烟道内自上而下依次安装有高温省煤器、空气预热器、低温省煤器、排烟口 ； 空气预热器的第一输入口与一次风机连通，空气预热器的第一输出口与混合器的输入口连通；空气预热器的第二输入口与二次风机连通，空气预热器的第二输出口与煤粉燃烧器的输入口连通；J形炉膛底部安装有第一灰斗；对流烟道底部安装有第二灰斗；所述烟气处理设备包括布袋除尘器、引风机、脱硫器、以及烟® ；布袋除尘器的输入口与排烟口连通，布袋除尘器的输出口与引风机的输入口连通，引风机的输出口与脱硫器的输入口连通，脱硫器的输出口与烟囱的输入口连通。所述水冷壁为本领域技术人员容易实现的结构，可以有多种结构变形。
[0005] 具体工作过程如下：将煤粉输入中间粉仓的输入口，煤粉依次经中间粉仓、给粉机进入混合器，在此与一次风机输出的、并经过空气预热器加热的一次风混合，并被一次风携带、输送至煤粉燃烧器。同时，由二次风机输出、并经过空气预热器加热的二次风进入煤粉燃烧器。石油液化气罐内的石油液化气输入煤粉燃烧器进行点火，煤粉在煤粉燃烧器内点燃后在J形炉膛内燃烧，并与J形炉膛的水冷壁和对流烟道内的高温省煤器、空气预热器、 低温省煤器换热，从而产生蒸汽。煤粉燃烧产生的灰渣经第一灰斗和第二灰斗进行回收。煤粉燃烧产生的烟气经排烟口排入布袋除尘器，将烟气中的99%以上的飞灰(煤粉锅炉飞灰份额占灰渣总量的90%以上)过滤并收集，净化后的烟气由引风机吸引并送入脱硫器脱硫， 最后经过污染物脱除、符合环保要求的烟气通过烟®排入大气。基于上述过程，与现有燃煤油田注气锅炉相比，本发明所述的以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉实现了低能耗、低排放，由此解决了现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题。
[0006] 本发明基于全新结构，实现了煤的清洁燃烧，在亚临界压力下生产饱和蒸汽，解决了现有燃煤油田注气锅炉效率低、以及大气污染物排放量大的问题，适用于油田原油热采工艺过程。
附图说明
[0007] 图1是本发明的结构示意图。
[0008] 图2是本发明的锅炉本体的结构示意图。
[0009] 图3是本发明的水冷壁的结构示意图。
[0010] 图中：1-中间粉仓，2-给粉机，3-混合器，4-煤粉燃烧器，5- 一次风机，6- 二次风机，7-石油液化气罐，8-J形炉膛，9-炉顶，10-对流烟道，11-高温省煤器，12-空气预热器，13-低温省煤器，14-排烟口，15-第一灰斗，16-第二灰斗，17-布袋除尘器，18-引风机， 19-脱硫器，20-烟囱，21-膜式水冷壁管。
具体实施方式
[0011] 以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，包括煤粉燃烧系统、锅炉本体、以及烟气处理设备；
所述煤粉燃烧系统包括中间粉仓1、给粉机2、混合器3、煤粉燃烧器4、一次风机5、二次风机6、以及石油液化气罐7 ；中间粉仓1的输出口与给粉机2的输入口连通，给粉机2的输出口与混合器3的输入口连通，混合器3的输出口与煤粉燃烧器4的输入口连通，石油液化气罐7的输出口与煤粉燃烧器4的引火口连通；
所述锅炉本体包括J形炉膛8、炉顶9、以及对流烟道10 ；煤粉燃烧器4安装于J形炉膛8的前墙上，且煤粉燃烧器4的输出口与J形炉膛8的输入口连通J形炉膛8内和炉顶 9内均安装有水冷壁；J形炉膛8顶部通过炉顶9与对流烟道10顶部连通；对流烟道10内自上而下依次安装有高温省煤器11、空气预热器12、低温省煤器13、排烟口 14 ；空气预热器12的第一输入口与一次风机5连通，空气预热器12的第一输出口与混合器3的输入口连通；空气预热器12的第二输入口与二次风机6连通，空气预热器12的第二输出口与煤粉燃烧器4的输入口连通J形炉膛8底部安装有第一灰斗15 ；对流烟道10底部安装有第二灰斗16;
所述烟气处理设备包括布袋除尘器17、引风机18、脱硫器19、以及烟囱20 ；布袋除尘器 17的输入口与排烟口 14连通，布袋除尘器17的输出口与引风机18的输入口连通，引风机 18的输出口与脱硫器19的输入口连通，脱硫器19的输出口与烟囱20的输入口连通； 所述水冷壁由膜式水冷壁管21盘绕而成； 所述煤粉燃烧器4为预燃室煤粉燃烧器；
具体实施时，结合精确供粉技术(包括煤粉供应量的精确控制，不同阶段的风、粉混合比控制，在调试阶段进行标定后即可实现自动调节)、快速点火技术(包括采用三调风的旋流可调节蓄热式预燃室煤粉燃烧器，通过合理布置引火气体燃烧器位置，合理调节一次风流速，调节根本二次风、内二次风、外二次风的旋流强度等措施，保证煤粉及时点燃，快速稳定燃烧)、低氮燃烧技术(通过分级供风，将煤粉燃烧分为富燃料着火区和富氧气燃烧区，实现煤粉低温低温燃烧，降低氮氧化物生成量)，本发明所述的以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉可满足在适应较宽的煤种的基础上，实现快速无油点火，即开即停，同时尽可能实现低温低氮燃烧。水冷壁采用直流循环方式，以满足在亚临界状态下汽水密度差减小仍能可靠工作。 J形炉膛形式和尺寸同时满足煤粉燃烧和产生油田注气所需的亚临界压力饱和蒸汽的要求。
Claims (3)
1. 一种以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，其特征在于：包括煤粉燃烧系统、锅炉本体、以及烟气处理设备；所述煤粉燃烧系统包括中间粉仓（1)、给粉机（2 )、混合器（3 )、煤粉燃烧器（4 )、一次风机（5)、二次风机（6)、以及石油液化气罐（7);中间粉仓（1)的输出口与给粉机（2)的输入口连通，给粉机（2)的输出口与混合器（3)的输入口连通，混合器（3)的输出口与煤粉燃烧器 (4)的输入口连通，石油液化气罐（7)的输出口与煤粉燃烧器（4)的引火口连通；所述锅炉本体包括J形炉膛（8)、炉顶（9)、以及对流烟道（10);煤粉燃烧器（4)安装于 J形炉膛（8)的前墙上，且煤粉燃烧器（4)的输出口与J形炉膛（8)的输入口连通；J形炉膛 (8)内和炉顶（9)内均安装有水冷壁J形炉膛（8)顶部通过炉顶（9)与对流烟道（10)顶部连通；对流烟道（10)内自上而下依次安装有高温省煤器（11)、空气预热器（12)、低温省煤器（13)、排烟口（14);空气预热器（12)的第一输入口与一次风机（5)连通，空气预热器（12) 的第一输出口与混合器（3)的输入口连通；空气预热器（12)的第二输入口与二次风机（6) 连通，空气预热器（12)的第二输出口与煤粉燃烧器（4)的输入口连通；J形炉膛（8)底部安装有第一灰斗（15)；对流烟道（10)底部安装有第二灰斗（16)；所述烟气处理设备包括布袋除尘器（17)、引风机（18)、脱硫器（19)、以及烟囱（20)；布袋除尘器（17)的输入口与排烟口（14)连通，布袋除尘器（17)的输出口与引风机（18)的输入口连通，引风机（18)的输出口与脱硫器（19)的输入口连通，脱硫器（19)的输出口与烟囱 (20)的输入口连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，其特征在于：所述水冷壁由膜式水冷壁管（21)盘绕而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的以煤粉为燃料的油田注气锅炉，其特征在于：所述煤粉燃烧器（4)为预燃室煤粉燃烧器。
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