CN102414965A - Ac generator for vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

An AC generator (1) for vehicles that has an outer rotor (2), and a stator (3) constituted by having multiple poles (30) with coils (4) wound around them arranged. The stator (3) has right-winding coils (4A) and left-winding coils (4B) arranged alternately, and repeatedly. The AC generator (1) for vehicles is provided with a switching circuit (6) that is constituted so as to; conduct power generation using all the coils (4) when the rotating velocity of the outer rotor is lower than a prescribed rotating velocity; and suspend power generation at a coil group (5B) that includes coils (4) of two or more poles (30) that are adjacent to each other, and conduct power generation at the remaining coil group (5A), when the rotating velocity of the outer rotor is equal to or higher than the prescribed rotating velocity.

Description

The AC generator that is used for vehicle

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for the AC generator of vehicle, it is configured to generate single-phase or many phase alternating current.

Background technology

For example, the AC generator that is used for the vehicle such as two-wheeled vehicle comprises the stator on external rotor and the inner circumferential side that is arranged in this external rotor, and wherein in this external rotor, N utmost point permanent magnet and S utmost point permanent magnet be layout alternately in a circumferential direction.Through arranging that in a circumferential direction magnetic pole constructs stator, coil is wrapped in respectively around these magnetic poles.Then, for example, when the rotary power of rotor through engine rotates and since the magnetic field of the magnetic field of N utmost point permanent magnet and S utmost point permanent magnet submit in the position for and repeatedly relative with these magnetic poles, therefore generation AC voltage in the coil that twines round magnetic pole.

In addition, for example, patent file 1 has been described a kind of power control apparatus that is used for the AC generator of vehicle.Increase the quantity of armature winding, till it reaches predetermined rotary speed, and after it reaches this predetermined rotary speed, reduce the quantity of armature winding.In the high rotary area of generator, the reducing of the output current that the impedance that power control apparatus is limited in armature winding generates when increasing.Therefore, output current not only can increase in low rotary area, also can in high rotary area, increase.

In addition, for example, patent file 2 has been described a kind of power supply unit that is used for internal combustion engine.The generator coil of magnet generator is divided into first coil and second coil, and the connection status between the coil is changed between series connection and parallel connection.In the lower speed range of engine, coil is connected in series, and in high speed range, coils from parallel connection of coils connects.Thereby, in magnet generator, can in high speed range, guarantee bigger load current, and the output when not wasting lower speed range.

The prior art document

Patent file

Patent file 1:JP-A-06-292329

Patent file 2:JP-A-10-108427

Summary of the invention

But patent file 1,2 does not disclose the connection status of the coil of stator, and which magnetic pole will be by conversion to change output characteristic.In addition; In patent file 1; Though in high rotary area, can increase output current, when the electric power that needs above vehicle owing to the electric power that is generated makes the charging of battery become unnecessary, then need use adjuster circuit with its cut-out (it is discharged into ground).At this moment, when obtaining high electric power, increase the frictional force (rotational resistance etc.) that rotation is produced to rotor, made the operational efficiency of generator reduce on the whole.

In view of this shortcoming, a target of the present invention provides a kind of AC generator that is used for vehicle, and this generator can be in the high rotary area of engine, according to the needs of vehicle the operational efficiency of generator is maintained height.

According to example of the present invention, the AC generator that is used for vehicle comprises: external rotor; And be arranged in the stator on the inner circumferential side of said external rotor.Said external rotor has in a circumferential direction, and the N pole field of arranged alternate forms parts and S pole field formation parts.Said stator has central core and is arranged in said central core magnetic pole on every side.Coil twines round the pole core of said magnetic pole respectively.When said N pole field formation parts are alternately relative with each said magnetic pole with said S pole field formation parts, produce single-phase or heterogeneous AC power supplies.Through arranging that alternately right winding coil and left winding coil come coil.Said right winding coil twines round said pole core in coupled situation in a clockwise direction.Said left winding coil twines round said pole core with counter clockwise direction in coupled situation.Said AC generator also comprises: change-over circuit, it is configured to when the rotary speed of said external rotor is lower than predetermined value, uses all said coils to generate electricity.Said change-over circuit is configured to also that rotary speed when said external rotor is higher than or when equaling said predetermined value, the coil groups of the coil of two or more magnetic poles that comprise that the position is adjacent one another are is suspended, and used remaining coil groups to generate electricity.

When the rotary speed of said external rotor equaled or be higher than said predetermined value, AC generator of the present invention suspended the generating of predetermined coil groups, made the operational efficiency that integrally promotes said generator.

Particularly, AC generator of the present invention has change-over circuit, and this change-over circuit can be changed the state that uses all coils to generate electricity and perhaps use a state that generates electricity in the said coil groups.

When AC generator operation of the present invention, if the rotary speed of said external rotor then uses all coils to generate electricity less than said predetermined value (in the low rotary area of engine).Therefore, can in low rotary area, suitably guarantee energy output.

Comparatively speaking; If the rotary speed of said external rotor equals or is higher than said predetermined value (in the high rotary area of engine); Then suspend, and use said remaining coil groups to generate electricity for the coil groups of the coil that comprises two or more magnetic poles that the position is adjacent one another are.At this moment, but owing to the coil of position two or more magnetic poles adjacent one another are is included in the said suspension coil group, so can reduce the energy output in the high rotary area wittingly.That is to say that the coil midstream of two or more magnetic poles adjacent one another are does not move electric current in the position, thereby forms the magnetic circuit that does not have contribution for the generating of said two or more magnetic poles.Therefore, reduced for the contributive magnetic flux of generating, making can be in high rotary area, and the excessive electrical generation of the demand that surpasses vehicle is limited.In addition, can also reduce the frictional force (rotational resistance etc.) that produces when said external rotor rotates.

Therefore, according to AC generator of the present invention, in the high rotary area of engine, can be according to the needs of vehicle, the operational efficiency of generator is maintained height.

According to an example of the present invention, the AC generator that is used for vehicle comprises: external rotor; And be arranged in the stator on the inner circumferential side of said external rotor.Said external rotor has in a circumferential direction, and the N pole field of arranged alternate forms parts and S pole field formation parts.Said stator has central core and is arranged in said central core magnetic pole on every side.Coil twines round the pole core of said magnetic pole respectively.When said N pole field formation parts are alternately relative with each said magnetic pole with said S pole field formation parts, produce single-phase or heterogeneous AC power supplies.Through arranging that alternately right winding coil and left winding coil come coil.Said right winding coil twines round said pole core in coupled situation in a clockwise direction.Said left winding coil twines round said pole core with counter clockwise direction in coupled situation.In addition; Said AC generator also comprises: change-over circuit; If its rotary speed that is configured to said external rotor is higher than or during the value that equals to be scheduled to said rotary speed slowing down, then suspend the coil of a plurality of magnetic poles, and the coil of two or more magnetic poles adjacent one another are on the position do not suspended; And use said remaining coil to generate electricity; And if the rotary speed that is configured to said external rotor when being lower than said predetermined value said rotary speed slowing down, if perhaps in the whole zone of said rotary speed said rotary speed quickening or constant, then use all coils to generate electricity.

In AC generator of the present invention, when the rotary speed of said external rotor equals or is higher than said predetermined value, and when said rotary speed when slowing down, suspend the generating of certain coil group.Thereby, promote the operational efficiency of generator on the whole.

Particularly, AC generator of the present invention has change-over circuit, and this change-over circuit is the state of conversion generator between the two states below: the state that uses all coils a state that generates electricity and a part of using coil to generate electricity.

When AC generator operation of the present invention; Equal or be higher than in the situation of said predetermined value (in the high rotary area at engine) in the rotary speed of said external rotor; If rotary speed is slowed down; Then do not suspend the coil of position two or more magnetic poles adjacent one another are, and use remaining coil to generate electricity through the coil that suspends magnetic pole.At this moment, but limit said suspension coil group through the coil of a plurality of positions magnetic pole one by one, said coil that can the time-out group is between the magnetic pole that generates electricity.That is to say, but said suspension coil group is made up of the right winding coil of all right winding coils or larger amt or the left winding coil of all left winding coils or larger amt.

Therefore, when rotary speed promotes, can limit the increase of the impedance of whole winding.In addition, in the high rotary area of engine, have output current coil magnetic pole and not have a magnetic pole of coil of output current adjacent one another are on the position, make and can in all magnetic poles, form the contributive magnetic circuit that generates electricity.Therefore, can increase the energy output of whole winding.

In addition, at this moment, when said external rotor rotated, frictional force (rotational resistance etc.) increased.But, owing to now the rotation of engine is slowed down, so the increase of frictional force is favourable for the deceleration that engine rotates.

Comparatively speaking; When the rotary speed of said external rotor during less than said predetermined speed (in the low rotary area at engine); If said rotary speed is being slowed down; If perhaps said rotary speed is quickened in the whole zone of this rotary speed or be constant, then use all coils to generate electricity.Therefore, except that above the described particular case (wherein when rotary speed equals or is higher than said predetermined value carry out slow down), can suitably guarantee energy output.

In addition, in the present invention, when vehicle deceleration, can increase energy output, thereby reduce that vehicle quickens or the energy output during low speed driving.Therefore, the loss in the time of can reducing to generate electricity.

According to AC generator of the present invention, in the high rotary area of engine, can be based on the needed electric weight of vehicle, the operational efficiency of whole generating machine is maintained height.

When the winding direction between right winding coil and left winding coil was opposite, the winding direction of coil was not so limited.

In addition, generator can be configured to the battery of vehicle is charged.When the cell voltage of measuring equals or is higher than predetermined value, then can use said change-over circuit to carry out conversion and control.

Connect a plurality of continuous coil groups through the winding magnet-wire and construct whole winding; Wherein, In said a plurality of continuous coil groups, coil comes to connect continuously through connecting line, and in said a plurality of continuous coil groups one suspendable coil groups during with generating is corresponding.

In this case, can come easily to form these coils through forming these continuous coil groups, and can easily form suspendable coil groups.

But the quantity of suspension coil group can be to be different from one a plurality of.In this case, according to the lifting of the rotary speed of said external rotor, the quantity of the coil groups of suspending when increasing generating step by step.

But the part generating state that change-over circuit can perhaps suspend the generating of said suspension coil group and use said remaining coil groups to generate electricity the whole generating states that use all coils to generate electricity is changed.In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, to compare with the needed electric weight of vehicle, the energy output in said whole generating states is bigger.In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, to compare with said whole generating states, the energy output in the said part generating state is littler.Said change-over circuit is carried out said conversion at said predetermined rotary speed place, and the rotary speed when said predetermined rotary speed is set to become greater than the needed electric weight of vehicle than the energy output in the wherein said part generating state is big.

In this case; But if constitute the layout of the coil of said suspension coil group is suitable; Then when the needed electric weight of vehicle was enough, said change-over circuit was selected said part generating state, and the adjuster circuit of the charging of control battery reduces the electric weight that cuts off (perhaps discharging into ground).Therefore, can reduce the frictional force that is produced when said rotor rotates effectively, and improve the operational efficiency of generator on the whole.

Rotary speed when becoming bigger than the needed electric weight of vehicle with the energy output of said part generating state is compared, and the predetermined rotary speed of said change-over circuit being carried out said conversion is provided with greatlyyer a little.

Said AC generator produces single-phase electricity, and through constructing said suspendable coil groups with the position of gathering (gathered) state in the part of circumferencial direction adjacent one another are three or more a plurality of magnetic pole.

Said AC generator produces single-phase electricity; But said suspension coil group comprises the coil of two magnetic poles that the position is adjacent one another are and in circumferencial direction with the coil of said two magnetic poles at a distance of a magnetic pole of one or two magnetic pole, but said suspension coil group has the part that part that said right winding coil and said left winding coil come through connecting line to be connected continuously and said right winding coil are connected continuously.

Said AC generator produces single-phase electricity, but in said stator, alternately arranges magnetic pole that constitutes said suspension coil group and the magnetic pole that constitutes said remaining coil groups.

In these cases, in the generator that produces single-phase electricity, in the high rotary area of engine, can reduce the frictional force that is produced when said external rotor rotates effectively.

Said AC generator produces three-phase electricity.With U phase, V mutually and the W phase coil be wrapped in respectively U mutually, V mutually with W mutually on the pole core of magnetic pole, wherein said U phase, V mutually and W mutually magnetic pole repeatedly arrange round the central core of said stator with same sequence.But said suspension coil group by adjacent one another are on the position and accumulate in one group of U phase in the part of said circumferencial direction, V mutually and W mutually magnetic pole constitute.

Said AC generator produces three-phase electricity.With U phase, V mutually and the W phase coil be wrapped in respectively U mutually, V mutually with W mutually on the pole core of magnetic pole, wherein said U phase, V mutually and W mutually magnetic pole repeatedly arrange round the central core of said stator with same sequence.But the U phase, V that constitute said suspension coil group mutually and W mutually magnetic pole and the U that constitutes said remaining coil groups mutually, V mutually with W mutually magnetic pole alternately be arranged in the said stator.

In these cases, in the generator that produces three-phase electricity, in the high rotary area of engine, can reduce the frictional force that is produced when said external rotor rotates effectively.

Whole generating states that generate electricity or the part generating state that suspends the generating of said suspension coil group and use said remaining coil groups to generate electricity are changed but change-over circuit is to using all coils.In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, to compare with the needed electric weight of vehicle, the energy output in said whole generating states is bigger.When said external rotor has when comparing littler rotary speed with predetermined critical value; Energy output in the said part generating state is less than the energy output in said whole generating states; When said external rotor had equaling or be higher than the rotary speed of said predetermined critical value, the energy output in the said part generating state was greater than the energy output in said whole generating states.The said predetermined rotary speed of can said change-over circuit carrying out said conversion is set to said predetermined critical value or its neighbor.

In this case, but the layout that constitutes the coil of said suspension coil group is suitable.Because said change-over circuit, when said rotary speed be equal to, or greater than said predetermined critical value or its neighbor simultaneously said rotary speed when slowing down, can increase the energy output of whole winding effectively.

Connect all said left winding coils through said connecting line; Perhaps connect the residue left side winding coil except that the part of said left winding coil continuously through said connecting line; But limit said suspension coil group; Connect all said right winding coils through said connecting line, perhaps connect the part of all said right winding coils and said left winding coil, limit said remaining coil groups through said connecting line.

In this case, in the high rotary area of engine, when said rotary speed is slowed down, can increase the energy output of whole winding effectively.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the explanatory according to the stator of the AC generator that is used for vehicle of first embodiment.

Fig. 2 shows the explanatory of the AC generator of first embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the figure of electric current output state that has schematically shown the AC generator of first embodiment.

Fig. 4 shows the illustrative cross sectional view of the AC generator of first embodiment.

Fig. 5 has schematically shown the change-over circuit of first embodiment and the circuit view of adjuster circuit.

Fig. 6 shows the explanatory of another stator example of first embodiment.

Fig. 7 shows the explanatory of another stator example of first embodiment.

Fig. 8 shows the explanatory of another stator example of first embodiment.

Fig. 9 shows the explanatory of another stator example of first embodiment.

Figure 10 is the circuit view that has schematically shown another change-over circuit example of first embodiment.

Figure 11 shows the explanatory according to the stator of second embodiment.

Figure 12 shows the U continuous explanatory of the formation state of coil groups mutually of another stator example of second embodiment.

Figure 13 shows the V continuous explanatory of the formation state of coil groups mutually of another stator example of second embodiment.

Figure 14 shows the W continuous explanatory of the formation state of coil groups mutually of another stator example of second embodiment.

Figure 15 is the figure that has schematically shown according to the electric current output state of the AC generator that is used for vehicle of the 3rd embodiment.

Figure 16 shows the explanatory of the stator of the 3rd embodiment.

Figure 17 shows the explanatory of another stator example of the 3rd embodiment.

Figure 18 shows the explanatory of another stator example of the 3rd embodiment.

Figure 19 shows the figure according to the change of the output current of each AC generator of confirming test.

Figure 20 shows the figure of change of frictional force of each AC generator of said affirmation test.

Figure 21 shows according to effect explanation, the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of these embodiment is changed.

Figure 22 shows in effect explanation, when magnetic flux pass through the state change time, the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of these embodiment is changed.

Figure 23 shows in effect explanation, the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of product is relatively changed.

Figure 24 shows in effect explanation, under the situation of considering iron loss, and the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of these embodiment is changed.

Figure 25 shows in effect explanation, under the situation of considering iron loss, when magnetic flux pass through the state change time, the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of these embodiment is changed.

Figure 26 shows in effect explanation, under the situation of considering iron loss, and the explanatory that the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic pole of product is relatively changed.

Figure 27 shows in effect explanation, the figure of these embodiment that produced by iron loss and the difference of the output current between the comparative product, transverse axis indication rotary speed that wherein should figure, the longitudinal axis indication output current of this figure.

Embodiment

(first embodiment)

Below, about the AC generator that is used for vehicle of the present invention, first embodiment is described with reference to accompanying drawing.As shown in Figure 2; The AC generator 1 of the vehicle of first embodiment (below abbreviate AC generator 1 as) comprises the stator 3 on external rotor 2 and the inner circumferential side that is arranged in external rotor 2; Wherein in external rotor 2, the N pole field forms parts 22N and S pole field formation parts 22S alternately arranges on circumferencial direction C.Around magnetic pole 30 being arranged in central core 31, construct stator 3, coil 4 is wrapped in respectively around the pole core 32 of these magnetic poles.N pole field formation parts 22N and S pole field formation parts 22S are positioned as alternately relative with each magnetic pole 30, thereby generator 1 is configured to produce single-phase AC electrical power.

As shown in Figure 1, construct the coil 4 of stator 3 through alternately arranging right winding coil 4A and left winding coil 4B.R is round pole core 32 windings in a clockwise direction in coupled situation for coil 4A, and coil 4B twines round pole core 32 with counter clockwise direction L in coupled situation.

As shown in Figure 3, when the rotary speed of external rotor 2 during less than predetermined rotary speed N1, AC generator 1 uses all coils 4 to generate electricity.Comparatively speaking, generator 1 has change-over circuit 6, when the rotary speed of external rotor 2 is higher than or during the rotary speed N1 that equals to be scheduled to, change-over circuit 6 stops the generating at coil groups 5B place, and generates electricity at remaining coil groups 5A place.Coil groups 5B comprises the coil 4 of two or more magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are.

Below, the details of AC generator 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1-Figure 10.

The AC generator 1 of this embodiment is the single-phase magnetic-type AC generator that is used for two-wheeled vehicle, and its rotation in response to engine is generated electricity.The electric current that is produced is used for battery 73 is charged and lamp 74 is brightened.

As shown in Figure 4, external rotor 2 links to each other with the arbor 11 of engine, and it is configured to rotate in response to the rotation of engine.Through arranging alternately that on the inner circumferential side of cylindrical yoke 21 constituting the N pole field forms the permanent magnet of parts 22N and constitute the permanent magnet that the S pole field forms parts 22S, constructs external rotor 2.In addition, stator 3 is fixed on the housing 10 that is connected to engine etc.For example, central core 31 is processed by the soft magnet material with pole core 32.The bobbin that insulating resin is processed is arranged into the periphery of each magnetic pole 30, and each coil 4 is wrapped in around this bobbin.In addition, the magnet-wire that constitutes coil 4 is processed by the conductor such as the copper cash that covers with insulating barrier etc.In same accompanying drawing, the direction of principal axis of L indication generator 1.

As shown in Figure 1, a plurality of through connecting (being two in this embodiment) continuous coil group 5 is come coil 4, comes coil group 5 through twining magnet-wire, so that through connecting line 41 connecting coils 4.In order to understand Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 easily, omitted the winding state of coil 4, and indicated connecting line 41 with schematic line.

Use a magnet-wire to pass through connecting coil 4 continuously, form continuous coil group 5.Connecting line 41 connects the coil 4 of magnetic pole 30, and on the end face of central core 31 or pole core 32, between magnetic pole 30, is intersecting on the direction of principal axis.Coil groups 5 interconnects through the (not shown)s such as metal connector that are arranged in the central core 31.

Construct whole coil 4 through two coil groups 5, but in the coil groups 5 one corresponding with suspendable suspension coil group 5B when the generating.

Shade circle indication among Fig. 1 suspends the coil (magnetic pole 30) that generates electricity among the part generating state W2 of generating in the part of coil 4.

But suspension coil group 5B comprises the coil 4 of two magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are and on circumferencial direction C with the coil 4 of these two magnetic poles at a distance of the magnetic pole 30 of one or two magnetic pole 30.But suspension coil group 5B has coupling parts that right winding coil 4A and left winding coil 4B be connected through connecting line 41 continuously and the right winding coil 4A coupling part of connection continuously each other.Residue coil groups 5A comprise the coil 4 of two magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are and on circumferencial direction C with the coil 4 of these two magnetic poles at a distance of the magnetic pole 30 of one or two magnetic pole 30.Residue coil groups 5B has coupling parts that right winding coil 4A and left winding coil 4B be connected through connecting line 41 continuously and the left winding coil 4B coupling part of connection continuously each other.

Here, under winding direction between right winding coil 4A and the left winding coil 4B had been opposite situation, winding direction was not so limited.In Fig. 1, R shows the clockwise direction of right winding coil 4A, and L shows the counter clockwise direction of left winding coil 4B.

Fig. 5 is the figure that the electricity composition of the AC generator 1 with change-over circuit 6 and adjuster circuit 7 is described, wherein the charge/discharge of change- over circuit 6 and 7 pairs of electric power that produce of adjuster circuit is controlled.

Change-over circuit 6 can be at part generating state W2 and all between the generating state W1 generating state of generator 1 is changed.In part generating state W2, the generating at suspension coil group 5B place, and generate electricity at residue coil groups 5A place.In whole generating state W1, use these two coil groups 5 (all coils 4) to carry out generating.

In the stator 3 of present embodiment, form single phase winding 4 through being connected in series these two coil groups 5.Through first group of 5A being arranged on ground side and generating all the time, second group of 5B (can suspend power coil group 5B) is arranged on the positive pole of battery 73 and can suspends generating, construct this two coil groups 5.

Particularly, like Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 5, the stator 3 of this embodiment has the magnetic pole 30 of 16 magnetic poles (16 pieces).Through each connecting line 41; Receive the order of the intermediate connector 43 between the guiding part 42A on ground, three right winding coil 4A, position right winding coil 4A adjacent one another are and left winding coil 4B, right winding coil 4A, position right winding coil 4A adjacent one another are and left winding coil 4B, first group of 5A and the second group of 5B with continuous connection chain, use magnet-wire structure residue coil groups (first a coil groups) 5A.In addition; Through each connecting line 41; With continuous connection intermediate connector 43, position right winding coil 4A adjacent one another are and left winding coil 4B, three right winding coil 4A, position right winding coil 4A and left winding coil 4B, left winding coil 4B adjacent one another are and the order of guiding part 42B that is connected to the positive pole of battery 73, but use a magnet-wire structure and the corresponding suspension coil group of second coil groups 5B 5B.

In this example, construct the electricity generation system that battery 73 is charged and lamp 74 is brightened through AC generator 1, change-over circuit 6 and adjuster circuit 7.As shown in Figure 5; Adjuster circuit 7 has battery charger 71 and lamp lighting circuit 72; Wherein, battery charger 71 uses the electric power that is produced by AC generator 1 to control the charging of battery 73, and lamp lighting circuit 72 uses the electric power that is produced by AC generator 1 that lamp 74 is brightened.

Battery charger 71 has the transition components 711 that between the coil 4 of AC generator 1 and battery 73, connects, and is constructed to when transition components 711 is opened, carry out the adjuster control of the voltage of battery 73.In addition, lamp lighting circuit 72 has the transition components 721 that between the coil 4 of AC generator 1 and lamp 74, connects, and is constructed to when transition components 721 is opened, carry out the adjuster control of the illumination of lamp 74.In addition, for example, lamp 74 can be lighting apparatus or speedometer.In addition, the load such as various Aided Machines and instrument 75 is connected to battery 73.

The AC generator 1 of this example produces single-phase AC voltage.The positive pole of single-phase sinusoidal voltage is used for battery is charged, and the negative pole of this voltage is used to make lamp to brighten.

In addition, change-over circuit 6 has corresponding with the first coil groups 5A and the second coil groups 5B respectively transition components 61A, 61B (for example, thyristor), and is constructed to these transition components 61A, 61B are carried out conversion and control.Change-over circuit 6 is carried out the conversion and control of transition components 61A, 61B (for example, thyristor), thereby is all changing between generating state W1 and the part generating state W2.In whole generating state W1, the first coil groups 5A and the second coil groups 5B all are electrically connected to battery 73.In part generating state W2, only the first coil groups 5A is electrically connected to battery 73.

The first coil groups 5A and the second coil groups 5B are connected to the positive pole and the load 75 of battery 73 respectively through transition components 61A and 61B (for example, thyristor).Change-over circuit 6 is opened the transition components 61A of high-voltage side, and closes the transition components 61B of low voltage side, so that form whole generating state W1.Change-over circuit 6 cuts out the transition components 61A of high-voltage side, and opens the transition components 61B of low voltage side, so that form part generating state W2.

Change-over circuit 6 is constructed in response to operating from the signal of ECU (engine control unit) 8.

Fig. 3 is the figure that has schematically shown the electric current output state of generator 1.Represent the rotary speed of external rotor 2 along axis of abscissas, represent output current from stator 3 along axis of ordinates.

The figure shows in the whole zone of the rotary speed of external rotor 2, all output current l1 under the generating state W1 situation and the output current l2 under the part generating state W2 situation.In addition, also show the AC generator 1 needed demand current Ir of vehicle.In addition, for example, in the adjuster circuit 7 of AC generator 1, use carbon resistor in pressure constant state, battery 73 to be charged.

As shown in Figure 3, in the whole zone of the rotary speed of the external rotor 2 of generator 1, needed demand current Ir compares with vehicle, and all the electric current l1 during generating state W1 is bigger.In addition, in the whole zone of the rotary speed of external rotor 2, the electric current l1 during with whole generating state W1 compares, and the electric current l2 during part generating state W2 is littler.Rotary speed N1 place predetermined changes whole generating state W1 and part generating state W2 through change-over circuit 6.Rotary speed when predetermined rotary speed N1 is set to electric current l2 than part generating state W2 and becomes greater than demand current lr is big slightly.

Thereby, in the low rotary area of engine, whole generating state W1 electric current lr that satisfies the demands.On the other hand, in the high rotary area of engine, lr compares with demand current, because part generating state W2 can limit current generated excessive output.

In addition, flowing of electric current l2 among the part generating state W2 has been shown among Fig. 1, flowing of electric current l1 among whole generating state W1 has been shown among Fig. 2.

As long as but the suspension coil group 5B (second group of 5B) of the stator 3 of present embodiment comprises the coil 4 of two or more magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are, it just can have other layout.But show some examples of other layout of suspension coil group 5B below.

For example; As shown in Figure 6; In stator 3, arrange under the situation of magnetic pole 30 of 16 magnetic poles (16 pieces); Use a magnet-wire,, construct and first group of residue coil groups 5A that 5A is corresponding through connecting three coils 4 in three magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are of two groups of positions, two coils 4 of one group of two magnetic pole 30 that the position is adjacent one another are and a coil 4 of a magnetic pole 30.In this case, use a magnet-wire, two coils 4 through connecting three groups of positions, two magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are and a coil 4 of a magnetic pole 30, but construct and second group of suspension coil group 5B that 5B is corresponding.

In addition; Like Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 8, in stator 3, under the situation of the magnetic pole 30 of 20 magnetic poles of layout (20 pieces), use a magnet-wire; Through the coil 4 of link position 13 (perhaps 12) magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are, construct and first group of residue coil groups 5A that 5A is corresponding.In this case, use a magnet-wire,, but construct and second group of suspension coil group 5B that 5B is corresponding through the coil 4 of link position seven (perhaps eight) magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are.

In addition, can the pole core with coil 4 32 be installed to central core 31 on direction of principal axis.At this moment, can the connecting line 41 of first group of 5A be arranged into the end face of central core 31 or pole core 32 on direction of principal axis, the connecting line 41 of second group of 5B be arranged into another end face of central core 31 or pole core 32 on direction of principal axis.

In addition, as shown in Figure 9, in stator 3, arrange under the situation of magnetic pole 30 of 20 magnetic poles (20 pieces), use a magnet-wire, through connecting three coils 4 of four groups of positions, three magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are, construct and first group of residue coil groups 5A that 5A is corresponding.In this case, use a magnet-wire, through connecting two coils 4 of four groups of positions, two magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are, but construct and second group of suspension coil group 5B that 5B is corresponding.In addition, in this case, in stator 3, corresponding with first group of 5A three magnetic poles 30 and alternately arranged 4 times with second group of two corresponding magnetic pole 30 of 5B.

In the AC of this example generator 1, when the rotary speed of external rotor 2 is equal to, or greater than predetermined rotary speed N1, suspend the generating in the specific coil groups 5.Thereby, promote the operational efficiency of generator on the whole.

Particularly, AC generator 1 has change-over circuit 6, and this change-over circuit 6 can be changed the state that uses all coils 4 generatings, perhaps uses the state of a coil groups 5 generatings.

When 1 operation of the AC of this example generator, if the rotary speed of external rotor 2 then uses all coils 4 to generate electricity less than predetermined rotary speed N1 (in the low rotary area of engine).Thereby, in low rotary area, can suitably guarantee energy output.

On the other hand; When the rotary speed of external rotor 2 during more than or equal to predetermined rotary speed N1 (in the high rotary area at engine); But then stop the generating at suspension coil group (second group) 5B place; And use first group of 5A to carry out generating, but wherein suspension coil group 5B comprise the coil 4 of two or more magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are.At this moment, but because suspension coil group 5B comprises the coil 4 of two or more magnetic poles 30 that the position is adjacent one another are, so in high rotary area, can reduce energy output wittingly.That is to say that electric current does not flow in the coil 4 of position two or more magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are, thereby form the magnetic circuit that contributes less than generating these two or more magnetic poles 30.Therefore, the magnetic flux that contributes to generating reduces.In high rotary area, can reduce the excessive generating of comparing with the required amount of vehicle, and the frictional force (rotational resistance etc.) can reduce external rotor 2 rotation the time.

Therefore, according to the AC generator 1 of this example, in the high rotary area of engine, the operational efficiency of generator can be maintained height on the whole based on the electric weight demand of vehicle.

In addition, but the quantity of suspension coil group 5B can be to be different from one a plurality of.For example, shown in figure 10, but can limit two suspension coil group 5B.When the rotary speed of external rotor 2 becomes when being equal to, or greater than the first predetermined rotary speed, stop the generating among the coil groups 5B (2).When the rotary speed of external rotor 2 becomes when being equal to, or greater than the second predetermined rotary speed, stop the generating among two coil groups 5B (1), the 5B (2), wherein the second predetermined rotary speed is higher than the first predetermined rotary speed.Usually, a trend is: along with the rotary speed of external rotor 2 uprises, energy output improves.In this case, may correspondingly make energy output become the amount of excessive degree.The composition of change-over circuit 6 and adjuster circuit 7 is identical with the composition among Fig. 5.

(second embodiment)

This embodiment is applied to the example in the three-phase AC generator of vehicle with the single-phase AC generator Structure among first embodiment.

Shown in figure 11, in the stator 3 of three-phase AC generator 1, repeatedly arrange U phase, V phase and W magnetic pole 30 mutually with same sequence round central core 31, U phase, V phase and W phase coil 4 twine around pole core 32 respectively.

The stator 3 of this example has the magnetic pole 30 of 18 magnetic poles (18 pieces).With same sequence U phase, V are repeatedly arranged 6 times with W magnetic pole 30 mutually mutually.The first continuous coil group 5A of this example has U phase, V by three groups and constitutes with W magnetic pole 30 mutually mutually, wherein these U phases, V mutually and W magnetic pole 30 mutually adjacent one another are on the position in the part of circumferencial direction C to assemble (gathered) state.Suspendable continuous coil group (second group) 5B has U phase, V by three groups and constitutes with W magnetic pole 30 mutually mutually during generating, and wherein these U phases, V are adjacent one another are on the position in another part of circumferencial direction C with coherent condition with W magnetic pole 30 mutually mutually.

Among first group of 5A and the second group of 5B each have for U mutually, V mutually and W three phases mutually.About each phase place, first group of 5A is connected with series system with second group of 5B.

In addition, like Figure 12-shown in Figure 14, can through to constitute can time-out group (second group) 5B U phase, V mutually and W mutually magnetic pole 30 and the U that constitutes first group of 5A mutually, V mutually with W mutually magnetic pole 30 carry out arranged alternate, construct the stator 3 of three-phase AC generator 1.The U that Figure 12 shows first group of 5A and second group of 5B forms state mutually.The V that Figure 13 shows first group of 5A and second group of 5B forms state mutually.The W that Figure 14 shows first group of 5A and second group of 5B forms state mutually.

In addition, in Figure 11-Figure 14, the clockwise winding direction of the clockwise coil 4A of UR indication U phase.The counterclockwise winding direction of the counterclockwise coil 4B of UL indication U phase.The clockwise winding direction of the clockwise coil 4A of VR indication V phase.The counterclockwise winding direction of the counterclockwise coil 4B of VL indication V phase.The clockwise winding direction of the clockwise coil 4A of WR indication W phase.The counterclockwise winding direction of the counterclockwise coil 4B of WL indication W phase.

In the threephase generator 1 of present embodiment, in the high rotary area of engine, the frictional force that is produced in the time of can reducing external rotor 2 rotations effectively.

Other composition among second embodiment is identical with the composition among first embodiment, and can obtain the effect much at one with first embodiment.

(the 3rd embodiment)

In this embodiment, in single-phase AC generator, but it is different with layout among first embodiment to constitute the layout of coil of suspension coil group 5B, and has improved the energy output in the high rotary area of engine.

The AC generator 1 of present embodiment has change-over circuit 6, and the state that the state that this change-over circuit generates electricity to use all coils 4 perhaps uses the part of coil 4 to generate electricity is changed.Like Figure 15 and shown in Figure 16; Equal or be higher than under the situation of predetermined value N2 in the rotary speed of external rotor 2; If rotary speed is slowed down; Then but change-over circuit 6 state that is configured to the coil 4 at position two or more magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are and do not have to suspend suspends the generating of the suspension coil group 5B of magnetic pole 30 down, and uses and remain coil groups 5A and generate electricity.Comparatively speaking; Rotary speed at external rotor 2 is lower than under the situation of predetermined value N2; If rotary speed is slowed down, if perhaps in whole rotary speed zone rotary speed quicken or remain unchanged, then change-over circuit 6 is configured to use all coils 4 to generate electricity.

Shown in figure 15, come coil 4 through twining two continuous coil groups 5 of magnet-wire connection, in this continuous coil group 5, come connecting coil 4 continuously via connecting line 41.These two coil groups 5 are connected in series, and first group of 5A through being arranged on side place, ground and generating all the time constructs (referring to Fig. 5) with the second group of 5B (can suspend power coil group 5B) that is arranged on the side of the positive electrode of battery 73 and can suspends generating.

Change-over circuit 6 can be at whole generating states of conversion generator 1 between generating state W1 and the part generating state W2.In whole generating state W1, use all coils 4 to carry out generating.In part generating state W2, the generating that suspension coil group 5B (second group of 5B) locates, and generate electricity at residue coil groups 5A place.

Figure 15 is the figure that has schematically shown the electric current output state of generator 1.Represent the rotary speed of external rotor 2 along axis of abscissas, represent output current from stator 3 along axis of ordinates.

The figure shows in the whole zone of the rotary speed of external rotor 2, all output current l1 under the generating state W1 situation and the output current l2 under the part generating state W2 situation.In addition, also show the required demand current Ir of AC generator 1 of vehicle.In the adjuster circuit 7 of AC generator 1, for example, use carbon resistor in pressure constant state, battery 73 to be charged.

Shown in figure 15; In generator 1, when external rotor 2 had the rotary speed less than predetermined critical rotation speed N2, the electric current l1 during with whole generating state W1 compared; Electric current l2 during part generating state W2 is littler; When external rotor 2 had equaling or be higher than the rotary speed of predetermined critical rotation speed N2, the electric current l1 during with whole generating state W1 compared, and the electric current l2 during part generating state W2 is bigger.Change-over circuit 6 is carried out conversion at predetermined value N2 place, and should be set to critical rotation speed N2 or its neighbor by predetermined value N2.

Thereby, in the low rotary area of engine, whole generating state W1 electric current lr that satisfies the demands.On the other hand, in the high rotary area of engine, because part generating state W2, electric current l2 becomes bigger.

Shown in figure 16; The stator 3 of this embodiment has the magnet-wire of use; Connect the first coil groups 5A that all right winding coil 4A form continuously through connecting line 41; And use a magnet-wire, connect the second coil groups 5B (but suspension coil group 5B) that all left winding coil 4B form continuously through connecting line 41.In stator 3, magnetic pole 30 that generates electricity all the time and the magnetic pole 30 that can suspend generating be arranged alternate one by one.In addition, this figure has indicated stator 3 to have the situation of the magnetic pole 30 of 16 magnetic poles (16 pieces).

As long as can suspend a plurality of magnetic poles 30 coil 4 places generating and do not suspend the coil 4 of position two or more magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are, but the suspension coil group of stator 3 (second group) 5B just can have other layout.But show some layout examples of suspension coil group 5B below.

For example, shown in figure 17, have at stator 3 under the situation of magnetic pole 30 of 16 magnetic poles (16 pieces), use a magnet-wire, come to form continuously all (8) right winding coil 4A and two left winding coil 4B through connecting line 41, so that form the first coil groups 5A.In addition, use a magnet-wire, come to form continuously remaining (6) left winding coil 4B, so that form the second coil groups 5B (can time-out group 5B) through connecting line 41.

In addition, for example, shown in figure 18; Have at stator 3 under the situation of magnetic pole 30 of 20 magnetic poles (20); Use a magnet-wire, come to form continuously all (10) left winding coil 4B and two right winding coil 4A through connecting line 41, so that form the first coil groups 5A.In addition, use a magnet-wire, come to form continuously remaining (8) right winding coil 4A, so that form the second coil groups 5B (can time-out group 5B) through connecting line 41.

In the AC of this example generator 1, when the rotary speed of external rotor 2 equals or is higher than predetermined critical value N2, and when rotary speed is slowed down, suspend the generating in the specific coil groups 5.Thereby, promote the operational efficiency of generator on the whole.

When 1 operation of the AC of this example generator; Equal or be higher than under the situation of predetermined critical speed N2 (in the high rotary area at engine) in the rotary speed of external rotor 2; If rotary speed is slowed down, then use first group of 5A to generate electricity, and suspend second group of 5B.At this moment, be positioned at the mode of the both sides of the coil of organizing 5B with the magnetic pole 30 that generates electricity, but limit suspension coil group 5B with the coil 4 that is positioned at the magnetic pole 30 of a plurality of positions one by one.(that is to say, constitute but suspension coil group 5B is left winding coil 4B by all left winding coil 4B or larger amt, or constitute by the right winding coil 4A of all right winding coil 4A or larger amt.)

Thereby when promoting rotary speed, impedance that can limiting coil 4 increases.In addition, in the high rotary area of engine, have output current coil 4 magnetic pole 30 and not have a magnetic pole 30 of coil 4 of output current adjacent one another are on the position, make and can in all magnetic poles 30, form the contributive magnetic circuit that generates electricity.Therefore, can increase the energy output of whole winding 4.

In addition, at this moment, when external rotor 2 rotations, frictional force (rotational resistance etc.) increases.But owing to now the rotation of engine is slowed down, therefore the increase of this friction becomes favourable for the engine rotational delay.

Comparatively speaking; If the rotary speed of external rotor 2 is during less than predetermined speed N2 (in the low rotary area of engine); Rotary speed is being slowed down; If perhaps rotary speed then uses all coils 4 (first group of 5A and second group of 5B) to generate electricity quickening or remaining unchanged in the whole zone of rotary speed.Therefore, outside the described particular case above removing (wherein, when rotary speed equals or be higher than predetermined value N2, carry out and slow down), can suitably guarantee energy output.

In addition, in this example, energy output can when vehicle deceleration, be increased, the energy output in the time of can also reducing vehicle acceleration or low speed driving.Therefore, the loss in the time of can reducing generating.

According to the AC generator 1 of this example, in the high rotary area of engine, can be based on the electric weight of vehicle needs, the operational efficiency of generator is maintained height on the whole.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the composition of change-over circuit 6 and adjuster circuit 7 is identical with the composition among Fig. 5.Other composition is similar to the composition among first embodiment, and can obtain the advantage identical with first embodiment.

Though omitted accompanying drawing, can the layout of the magnetic pole 30 of this embodiment be applied to three-phase AC generator 1.For example; Have U phase wherein, V mutually and W mutually magnetic pole 30 repeat with same sequence to arrange in 6 times the stator 3 of 18 magnetic poles 30, but can with first group of U phase magnetic pole 30, second group of V phase magnetic pole 30, the 3rd group of W phase magnetic pole 30, the 4th group of U phase magnetic pole 30, the 5th group of V phase magnetic pole 30 and the 6th group of W mutually magnetic pole 30 be defined as suspension coil group 5B.

In addition, in this embodiment, particularly in single-phase AC generator 1, but can form a plurality of suspension coil group 5B, and along with the increase of rotary speed, adjuster circuit 6 can increase the quantity of the group 5B of time-out.

(confirming test)

In confirming test; In the AC generator 1 of first embodiment or the 3rd embodiment; About whole generating state W1 with about part generating state W2, the change of the output current (energy output) in the whole zone of the rotary speed of measurement external rotor 2 and the change of frictional force.

Figure 19 shows the figure of change of the energy output of generator 1.Represent the rotary speed (rpm) of external rotor 2 along axis of abscissas, represent output current (A) from stator 3 along axis of ordinates.In addition, Figure 20 shows the figure of change of the frictional force of generator 1.Represent the rotary speed (rpm) of external rotor 2 along axis of abscissas, be illustrated in the frictional force (rotational resistance) that produces in the external rotor 2 (W) along axis of ordinates.

In addition, in each generator 1, the output voltage of stator 3 is set to constant (14V).

In Figure 19 and Figure 20, whole generating state W1 (referring to Fig. 7 of first embodiment) of all 20 magnetic poles are used in pattern 1 (all generating states) expression.The part generating state W2 of 13 magnetic poles is used in pattern 2 (part generating state 1) expression, wherein magnetic pole 30 adjacent one another are do not generate electricity (Fig. 7 of first embodiment) on seven positions.The part generating state W2 of 12 magnetic poles is used in mode 3 (part generating state 1) expression, wherein magnetic pole 30 adjacent one another are do not generate electricity (Fig. 8 of first embodiment) on eight positions.Pattern 4 (part generating state 1) expression part generating state W2, wherein, two magnetic poles 30 that do not generate electricity are alternately arranged (Fig. 9 of first embodiment) with three magnetic poles 30 that generate electricity.Pattern 5 (part generating state 2) expression forms the state (Figure 18 of the 3rd embodiment) of magnetic pole 30 with two or more magnetic poles of not generating electricity mode not adjacent to each other on the position.

In Figure 19 and Figure 20, along with the increase of the rotary speed of external rotor 2, the two all increases output current and frictional force.When rotary speed increased, frictional force increased, and output current increases simultaneously.

In Figure 19, in the whole zone of rotary speed, needed demand current lr compares with vehicle, and the output current l1 of whole generating state W1 (pattern 1) is set to become bigger.Comparatively speaking, in the zone of the rotary speed that is equal to or higher than about 2000 (rpm), lr compares with demand current, and the output current l2 of the part generating state W2 (pattern 2-4) of first embodiment becomes bigger.From the signal of vehicle, adjuster circuit 7 will be higher than under the situation that the output current of demand current lr cuts off, if output current does not become far above demand current lr, then can reduce loss in response, and making limiting friction power to increase.

Therefore; In the generator 1 of the stator with 20 magnetic poles 3 shown in first embodiment; Be higher than a little in the zone of 2000 (rpm) in rotary speed; Convert whole generating state W1 into part generating state W2, thereby limiting friction power increases, the feasible operational efficiency that can promote generator on the whole.

In addition, equal or be higher than in the zone of about 3400 (rpm) in rotary speed, the output current l2 of the part generating state W2 (pattern 5) shown in the 3rd embodiment becomes greater than whole output current l1 of generating state W1 (pattern 1).When in response to signal from vehicle, need make output current become higher than demand current lr, so that when promoting the charging rate of battery 73, better mode is to promote output current.

Therefore; In the generator 1 of the stator with 20 magnetic poles 3 shown in the 3rd embodiment; When vehicle is slowing down, be higher than in the zone of about 3400 (rpm) in rotary speed, whole generating state W1 are transformed into part generating state W2; Thereby increase the energy output of whole winding 4, the feasible operational efficiency that can promote generator on the whole.In addition, in this case, because the increase of frictional force helps the rotation of engine is slowed down, so the increase of frictional force is favourable.

(explanation of effect of the present invention)

Through having the comparison of comparative product of the stator 3 of eight magnetic poles 30, the good result of the single-phase AC generator shown in first embodiment and second embodiment is described below with as an example use.

When operating part generates electricity, between said embodiment and comparative product, suspend the magnetic pole 30 of equal number.In the effect explanation; When carrying out generating through suspension coil group 4B and use residue coil groups 4A; Use specific value to describe the effective reason that reduces of energy output in this embodiment, wherein coil groups 4B comprises the coil 4 of two or more magnetic poles 30 adjacent one another are on the position.

Four magnetic poles 30 that Figure 21 shows in using this embodiment among eight magnetic poles 30 generate electricity; And under the situation that other four positions magnetic pole 30 adjacent one another are suspends; When being illustrated in magnetic flux any one from these magnetic poles 30 and arriving its adjacent pole 30, the view of the value of the change of magnetic flux.Here, the magnetic pole that generates electricity is indicated with the shade circle.In addition, suppose when in magnetic pole 30, generating electricity that 1/5 of magnetic flux converts electric energy (electric current) to and uses.

In the figure, get into any one in the magnetic pole 30 if suppose 100 magnetic flux, and in this magnetic pole 30,20 magnetic flux is converted into electric energy (electric current) and uses, then 80 magnetic flux is run out of outside this magnetic pole 30.This magnetic flux of 80 gets into the magnetic pole 30 adjacent with said magnetic pole 30.Magnetic flux when 16 is converted into electric energy (electric current) and when using, 64 magnetic flux is run out of outside this adjacent pole 30.At this moment, the magnetic flux of equal number is used for the generating of any another magnetic pole 30 and adjacent pole 30 thereof.Whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that therefore, is used to generate electricity become: 20 * 2+16 * 2=72.That is to say that 72 magnetic flux has been carried out generating.

Figure 22 shows in the embodiment of Figure 21, when the rotation through external rotor 2 changes the state of magnetic flux through magnetic pole 30, and the view of the value of the change of expression magnetic flux.In this case, 20 the magnetic flux magnetic flux that converts electric energy to and be used for three magnetic poles 30,16 converts electric energy to and is used for a magnetic pole 30.Whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that therefore, is used to generate electricity become: 20 * 3+16 * 1=76.That is to say that 76 magnetic flux has been carried out generating.

Comparatively speaking; Four magnetic poles 30 that Figure 23 shows the magnetic pole of position each interval among eight magnetic poles of use in contrast product generate electricity; And under the situation that other four magnetic poles 30 suspend; When being illustrated in magnetic flux any one from these magnetic poles 30 and arriving its adjacent pole 30, the view of the value of the change of magnetic flux.Here, the magnetic pole 30 usefulness shade circles that generate electricity are indicated.In addition, suppose when in magnetic pole 30, generating electricity that 1/5 of magnetic flux converts electric energy (electric current) to and uses.

In the figure, get into any one in the magnetic pole 30 if suppose 100 magnetic flux, and in this magnetic pole 30,20 magnetic flux is converted into electric energy (electric current) and uses, then 80 magnetic flux is run out of outside this magnetic pole 30.This magnetic flux of 80 gets into the magnetic pole 30 adjacent with said magnetic pole 30, and directly runs out of this adjacent magnetic pole 30 and be not used in generating.In other three groups of magnetic poles 30 and adjacent pole 30 thereof, the magnetic flux of equal number is used for generating electricity.Whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that therefore, is used to generate electricity become: 20 * 4=80.That is to say that 80 magnetic flux has been carried out generating.

Even be similar to Figure 22, the rotation through external rotor 2 changes the state of magnetic flux through magnetic pole 30, and whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that is used to generate electricity also become: 20 * 4=80.

Therefore, when the operating part generating state, in comparative product, 80 magnetic flux generates electricity, and in said embodiment, (72+76)/and the magnetic flux of 2=74 generates electricity.Compare with the energy output of said comparative product, the energy output of said embodiment is littler.

Therefore, when suspending residue coil groups 4B, reduced for the contributive magnetic flux of generating.In high rotary area, limited excessive generating, and when external rotor 2 rotations, reduced frictional force (rotational resistance etc.).

In addition, along with rotary speed becomes higher, the iron loss in the central core 31 also increases.According to this embodiment,, can make the reduction of energy output become bigger through the increase of iron loss as follows along with rotary speed becomes higher.

Here, under the situation that rotary speed becomes higher, when magnetic flux any one from magnetic pole 30 arrives its adjacent pole 30, suppose because the iron loss of 20 magnetic flux that the magnetic flux through central core 31 reduces.

Figure 24 shows when in the embodiment of Figure 21, when rotary speed becomes higher, considers the situation of iron loss.In Figure 24, when magnetic flux any one from these magnetic poles 30 arrives its adjacent pole 30, in central core 31, reduced by 20 magnetic flux owing to iron loss, 60 magnetic flux has got into adjacent magnetic pole 30.Be used to generate electricity with its magnetic flux of 1/5 corresponding 12.Therefore, whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that is used to generate electricity become: 20 * 2+12 * 2=64 makes that 64 magnetic flux generates electricity.

Figure 25 shows when in the embodiment of Figure 22, when rotary speed becomes higher, considers the situation of iron loss.In Figure 25, when magnetic flux any one from these magnetic poles 30 arrives its adjacent pole 30, in central core 31, reduced by 20 magnetic flux owing to iron loss, 80 or 60 magnetic flux has got into adjacent magnetic pole 30.Be used to generate electricity with its magnetic flux of 1/5 corresponding 16 or 12.Therefore, whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 that is used to generate electricity become: 20 * 2+16 * 1+12 * 1=68 makes that 68 magnetic flux generates electricity.

Comparatively speaking, Figure 26 shows when in the comparative product of Figure 23, when rotary speed becomes higher, considers the situation of iron loss.In Figure 26; When magnetic flux any one from these magnetic poles 30 arrives its adjacent pole 30; In central core 31, reduced by 20 magnetic flux owing to iron loss; And in adjacent pole 30, do not generate electricity, make whole magnetic flux of the whole stator 3 be used to generate electricity become 20 * 4=80, make energy output and central core 31 not have the energy output in the situation of iron loss identical.

Therefore, because the iron loss that in central core 31, is produced, when carrying out the part generating, the energy output among the said embodiment can be far below the energy output in the comparative product.

Subsequently, shown in figure 27, along with rotary speed becomes higher, the iron loss in the central core 31 increases, and makes that in the output current of stator 3 compare with the output current lB of said comparative product, the reduction among the output current lA of said embodiment is bigger.Therefore, according to said embodiment, along with rotary speed becomes higher, energy output can fall lowlyer.In addition,, can reduce excessive electrical generation effectively along with rotary speed becomes higher, and the power (rotational loss etc.) of when external rotor 2 rotations, can reducing friction effectively.

Claims (12)

1. an AC generator (1) that is used for vehicle comprising: external rotor (2); And be arranged in the stator (3) on the inner circumferential side of said external rotor; Said external rotor has at circumferencial direction (C) goes up N pole field formation parts (22N) and the S pole field formation parts of alternately arranging (22S); Said stator has central core (31) and is arranged in said central core magnetic pole (30) on every side; The pole core (32) that coil (4) is wrapped in said magnetic pole respectively on every side

When said N pole field formation parts were alternately relative with each said magnetic pole with said S pole field formation parts, single-phase or heterogeneous AC power supplies produced, wherein

Whole said coil is constructed through alternately arranging right winding coil (4A) and left winding coil (4B); Said right winding coil in coupled situation in a clockwise direction (R) be wrapped in around the said pole core; Said left winding coil is wrapped in around the said pole core with counterclockwise (L) in coupled situation, wherein

Said AC generator also comprises: change-over circuit (6); It is configured to when the rotary speed of said external rotor is lower than predetermined value; Use all said coils to generate electricity; Said change-over circuit is configured to also that rotary speed when said external rotor is higher than or when equaling said predetermined value, suspension coil group (5B) also uses remaining coil groups (5A) to generate electricity, and wherein said coil groups (5B) comprises the said coil of two or more magnetic poles that the position is adjacent one another are.

2. AC generator according to claim 1, wherein

Whole said coil connects a plurality of continuous coil set constructors through twining magnet-wire, connects continuously through connecting line (41) at coil described in said a plurality of continuous coil groups, and

The said coil groups that can suspend generating is to construct by one in said a plurality of continuous coil groups.

3. AC generator according to claim 2, wherein

Said change-over circuit to whole generating states (W1) of using all said coils and generating electricity but or the part generating state (W2) that suspends the generating in the said suspension coil group and use said remaining coil groups to generate electricity change,

In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, the electric weight that the energy output in said whole generating states needs greater than said vehicle,

In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, the energy output in the said part generating state is less than the energy output in said whole generating states, and

Said change-over circuit is carried out said conversion at said predetermined value place, and said predetermined value is set to greater than the rotary speed at the electric weight place that needs greater than said vehicle that becomes of the power generation values in the wherein said part generating state.

4. according to claim 2 or 3 described AC generators, it produces single-phase electricity, wherein

But said suspension coil group is through constructing with coherent condition position in the part of said circumferencial direction adjacent one another are three or more a plurality of magnetic pole.

5. according to claim 2 or 3 described AC generators, it produces single-phase electricity, wherein

But said suspension coil group comprises: the said coil of two magnetic poles that the position is adjacent one another are and on said circumferencial direction with the said coil of said two magnetic poles at a distance of a magnetic pole of one or two magnetic pole, but and said suspension coil group have: the part that the part that said right winding coil and said left winding coil are connected through said connecting line continuously and said right winding coil are connected continuously.

6. according to claim 2 or 3 described AC generators, it produces single-phase electricity, wherein

But the said magnetic pole that constitutes said suspension coil group is alternately and repeatedly to be arranged in the said stator with other magnetic pole that constitutes said remaining coil groups.

7. according to claim 2 or 3 described AC generators, it produces three-phase electricity, wherein

Have U phase, V be wrapped in respectively with W said coil mutually mutually have the U phase, V is mutually and around the said pole core of W said magnetic pole mutually; The wherein said U of having phase, V be mutually and the magnetic pole of W phase repeatedly is arranged in the said central core of said stator with identical order around, and

But said suspension coil group be by the position adjacent one another are and accumulate in the part of said circumferencial direction have the U phase, V constitutes with W one group of magnetic pole mutually mutually.

8. according to claim 2 or 3 described AC generators, it produces three-phase electricity, wherein

Have U phase, V be wrapped in respectively with W said coil mutually mutually have the U phase, V is mutually and around the said pole core of W said magnetic pole mutually; The wherein said U of having phase, V be mutually and the magnetic pole of W phase repeatedly is arranged in the said central core of said stator with identical order around, and

But the said U phase, V that constitute said suspension coil group mutually and W mutually magnetic pole and the said U that constitutes said remaining coil groups mutually, V mutually with W mutually magnetic pole alternately be arranged in the said stator.

9. an AC generator (1) that is used for vehicle comprising: external rotor (2); And be arranged in the stator (3) on the inner circumferential side of said external rotor; Said external rotor has at circumferencial direction (C) goes up N pole field formation parts (22N) and the S pole field formation parts of alternately arranging (22S); Said stator has central core (31) and is arranged in said central core magnetic pole (30) on every side; The pole core (32) that coil (4) is wrapped in said magnetic pole respectively on every side

When said N pole field formation parts were alternately relative with each said magnetic pole with said S pole field formation parts, single-phase or heterogeneous AC power supplies produced, wherein

Whole said coil is constructed through alternately arranging right winding coil (4A) and left winding coil (4B); Said right winding coil in coupled situation in a clockwise direction (R) be wrapped in around the said pole core; Said left winding coil is wrapped in around the said pole core with counterclockwise (L) in coupled situation, wherein

Said AC generator also comprises: change-over circuit (6); If its rotary speed that is configured to said external rotor is higher than or during the value that equals to be scheduled to said rotary speed slowing down; Then suspend the said coil of a plurality of magnetic poles and do not suspend the said coil of position two or more magnetic poles adjacent one another are, and use remaining coil to generate electricity; And if the rotary speed that is configured to said external rotor when being lower than said predetermined value said rotary speed slowing down; If perhaps perhaps constant in acceleration, then use all said coils to generate electricity in rotary speed described in the Zone Full of said rotary speed.

10. AC generator according to claim 9, wherein

Whole said coil connects a plurality of continuous coil set constructors through twining magnet-wire, wherein connects continuously through connecting line (41) at coil described in said a plurality of continuous coil groups, and

The said coil groups that can suspend generating is to construct by one in said a plurality of continuous coil groups.

11. AC generator according to claim 10, wherein

Said change-over circuit to whole generating states (W1) of using all said coils and generating electricity but or the part generating state (W2) that suspends the generating in the said suspension coil group and use said remaining coil groups to generate electricity change,

In the whole zone of the rotary speed of said external rotor, the electric weight that the energy output in said whole generating states needs greater than said vehicle,

When said external rotor has the rotary speed less than predetermined critical speed; Power generation values in the said part generating state is less than the power generation values in said whole generating states; When said external rotor has equaling or be higher than the rotary speed of said predetermined critical speed; Power generation values in the said part generating state is greater than the power generation values in said whole generating states, and

Said change-over circuit is carried out said conversion at said predetermined value place, and said predetermined value is set to the contiguous speed of said predetermined critical speed or said predetermined critical speed.

12. according to claim 10 or 11 described AC generators, wherein

But said suspension coil group is through connecting all said left winding coils via said connecting line; Connect continuously via said connecting line perhaps that said left winding coil except the said left winding coil of part limits; Said remaining coil groups is through connecting all said right winding coils via said connecting line, connects continuously via said connecting line perhaps that all said right winding coils and the said left winding coil of part limit.

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