JP7264648B2 - GENERATING DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a power generator having a generator that generates power using permanent magnets and coils, and a control method thereof.

For example, tachometer generators, shaft-end generators, and wind power generators for railway vehicles employ permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields, and are often configured as so-called permanent magnet generators. A permanent magnet generator has a rotor that is rotatably supported and a stator that is arranged outside the rotor. Permanent magnets are arranged in one of the rotor and the stator, and electric coils (hereinafter referred to as electric coils) are arranged in the other. (simply called a coil) are arranged. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic flux interlinking with each coil changes and a voltage is induced in each coil by electromagnetic induction.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for preventing reverse rotation of an engine in an internal combustion engine ignition device. That is, when the reverse rotation of the engine is detected from the short-circuit type voltage adjustment circuit that adjusts the output voltage of the ignition power generator coil and the phase relationship between the output of the generator coil and the pulse output, it is given to the ignition timing control unit and a circuit for bypassing pulses to prevent reverse rotation of the engine. In addition, a short-circuit control switch circuit that prohibits the voltage regulation circuit from performing voltage regulation operation until the rotational speed of the engine reaches the set value, and a pulse bypass switch that is turned on when the rotational speed is below the set value. and a pulse shunting control switch that permits the pulse shunting switch to enter a state and prohibits the pulse shunting switch from being turned on when the rotational speed exceeds a set value.

Patent Document 2 discloses a technology for solving the problem that the wind turbine does not start when the wind speed is low or the start performance of the wind turbine is poor in a generator for distributed power supply using a permanent magnet generator having various types of windings. showing. Specifically, a contactor having an exciting coil is provided between the windings with the fewest number of turns among the plurality of windings. When the induced voltage of the minor winding exceeds a certain value, it indicates that the winding having the large number of turns among the plurality of windings is short-circuited.

Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique for enabling power generation with a predetermined voltage and current even if the external energy is weak or excessive when generating power using hydraulic power, wind power, or the like. That is, the stator coil is composed of a plurality of coreless windings arranged to face the magnetic poles formed on the rotor and three-phase output terminals. The coreless winding is composed of three effective output windings or a multiple thereof, and is connected to the output terminal via switching means so that the total number of turns can be switched. It also shows that the total number of turns is reduced when the torque from the drive source is large, and the total number of turns is increased when the torque is small. Actually, the switch 35 of Patent Document 3 switches between connecting the two coils CR1 and CR2 in parallel or connecting only one of them to the output.

JP 2004-176625 A JP 2010-148201 A JP 2010-207052 A

For example, railway vehicles are equipped with tachometer generators. Such a tachometer is a device for detecting the running speed of a railroad vehicle, and generally the tachometer is connected to a wheel shaft. In addition, an axle generator is mounted on the vehicle as a power source for supplying necessary electric power to passenger cars and freight cars that are towed by the locomotive. Further, in the wind power generation facility, a generator is connected to the windmill.

In the generators used for the above purposes, the rotational speed of the generator may fluctuate over a wide range from low speed to high speed. However, since such a generator generally uses a permanent magnet for excitation, the output voltage varies greatly depending on the rotation speed.

Therefore, if the winding specifications are determined so that the generator can generate power efficiently even in the low rotational speed region, there is concern that the output voltage will become too high in the high rotational speed region, adversely affecting the load. On the other hand, if the winding specifications are determined so that the output voltage is properly maintained in the high rotational speed region, the output voltage will be insufficient in the low rotational speed region, or the necessary electric power will not be secured.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and an object thereof is to provide a power generator that can easily maintain an appropriate output voltage over a wide range from low speed to high speed.

In order to achieve the above object, the power generator and the control method thereof according to the present invention are characterized by the following (1) to ( 4 ).
(1) A power generator having a generator that generates power using a permanent magnet and a coil,
a coil unit formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions;
a switch unit capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
a voltage adjustment unit that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to the operating speed of the generator and adjusts the output voltage of the generator;
with
Among the plurality of coil units, a first coil unit capable of controlling short-circuiting and opening by the switch section includes a first region and a second region having different numbers of turns and different wire cross-sectional areas. The number of turns of the region is larger than that of the second region, and the electric wire cross-sectional area of the first region is smaller than that of the second region, so that only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. the switch unit is connected in a
A power generator characterized by :

According to the power generator having the configuration (1), the switch section short-circuits a partial region of the coil unit, thereby reducing the voltage induced in the entire coil unit. Also, the reduction in voltage can be canceled by opening the short-circuited region. Therefore, even if the operating speed of the generator fluctuates greatly, the voltage regulator can automatically adjust the output voltage so that the fluctuations are small.
Furthermore, according to the power generator having the configuration (1), the speed range in which the output voltage can be adjusted can be widened. That is, in the low speed region, the coil in the first region with the large number of turns can efficiently generate power, and in the high speed region, by using only the coil in the second region with the small number of turns, it is possible to prevent the output voltage from becoming excessive.
Furthermore, according to the power generation device having the configuration (1), the coil in the first region can be configured with a thin electric wire, so that the weight and volume of the entire device can be reduced. In addition, since the coil in the first region is short-circuited and not used in the high-speed region, there is no need to worry about the possibility of applying excessive power, and the diameter can be sufficiently reduced.

(2) the generator is an alternating current generator having at least two or more poles;
The voltage adjustment unit uses the switch unit to control the area of the coil unit that is in contact with the same electrical angle at each pole when controlling the short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit in accordance with the operating speed of the generator. ,
The power generator according to (1) above, characterized in that:

According to the power generator having the above configuration (2), since the area of the coil unit corresponding to the same electrical angle is controlled at each pole, the output voltage of the alternator is prevented from becoming unbalanced, and each phase Disruption of the phase balance can be avoided.

( 3 ) The coil unit includes the first region and the second region arranged at the same pole position, and the coil unit is configured such that only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. the switch is connected
The power generator according to (1) or (2) above, characterized in that:

According to the power generator having the above configuration ( 3 ), since the entire coil is not short-circuited in each pole, it is possible to avoid fluctuations in the number of poles due to the influence of short-circuit control of the switch section. Therefore, it is possible to prevent frequency fluctuations in AC power generated by power generation.

( 4 ) having a generator that generates electricity using a permanent magnet and a coil;
a coil unit formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions;
a switch unit capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
a voltage adjustment unit that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit;
A control method for a power generator comprising
The voltage adjustment unit
obtaining the operating speed of the generator;
controlling short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to which one of a plurality of predetermined speed regions the operating speed belongs to;
Among the plurality of coil units, a first coil unit capable of controlling short-circuiting and opening by the switch section includes a first region and a second region having different numbers of turns and different wire cross-sectional areas. The number of turns of the region is larger than that of the second region, and the wire cross-sectional area of the first region is smaller than that of the second region, so that only the first region can be short-circuited among the first region and the second region. the switch unit is connected in a
A control method for a power generator, characterized by:

According to the method for controlling the power generator having the configuration ( 4 ), a partial region of the coil unit is short-circuited according to the operating speed, so that the voltage induced in the entire coil unit can be reduced. Also, the reduction in voltage can be canceled by opening the short-circuited region. Therefore, even if the operating speed of the generator fluctuates greatly, it can be automatically adjusted so that the fluctuation of the output voltage becomes small.

According to the power generator and the control method thereof of the present invention, it becomes easy to appropriately maintain the output voltage over a wide range from low speed to high speed. That is, the voltage induced in the entire coil unit can be reduced by short-circuiting a partial region of the coil unit with the switch section. Also, the reduction in voltage can be canceled by opening the short-circuited region.

The present invention has been briefly described above. Furthermore, the details of the present invention will be further clarified by reading the following detailed description of the invention (hereinafter referred to as "embodiment") with reference to the accompanying drawings. .

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of the arrangement of generator coil groups. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the electrical circuit configuration of the power generator. FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram showing a configuration example of one coil unit. FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of coil control according to speed. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), and 5(d) are electric circuit diagrams showing different control states in one coil unit. FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of output voltage characteristics of the power generator. FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) are block diagrams each showing a hardware configuration example of the power generator.

Specific embodiments relating to the present invention will be described below with reference to each drawing.

<Example of arrangement of generator coil group>
FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of generator coil groups. The example shown in FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of coil groups in a permanent magnet three-phase AC generator with eight magnetic poles.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, along the outer circumference 12 of the rotating shaft 11, eight W-phase coils L1 to L8 are arranged at regular intervals of 45 mechanical degrees (π/4 [rad]). Eight V-phase coils L9 to L16 are arranged at regular intervals of 45 degrees, and eight U-phase coils L17 to L24 are arranged at regular intervals of 45 degrees. In addition, the W-phase coils L1 to L8, the V-phase coils L9 to L16, and the U-phase coils L17 to L24 are shifted in the circumferential direction by 15 mechanical degrees (π/12 [rad]). placed.

In a typical configuration, each coil L1-L24 is arranged along the inner peripheral wall of the stator. Eight-pole permanent magnets are arranged at regular intervals along the outer periphery of the rotor that rotates together with the rotating shaft 11 . The coils L1 to L24 and the 8-pole permanent magnets are supported so as to face each other at regular intervals.

Although not shown, for example, when the four N poles of the permanent magnets on the rotor face the four W-phase coils L1, L3, L5, and L7, the four S poles of the permanent magnets and the four W-phase coils L2, L4, L6, and L8 face each other. Also, when the four N poles of the permanent magnets on the rotor face the four V-phase coils L9, L11, L13, and L15, the four S poles of the permanent magnets and the four V-phase coils L10, L12, L14 and L16 face each other. Also, when the four N poles of the permanent magnets on the rotor and the four U-phase coils L17, L19, L21, and L23 face each other, the four S poles of the permanent magnets and the four U-phase coils L18, L20, L22 and L24 face each other.

As shown in FIG. 1, eight W-phase coils L1 to L8 are connected in series with one end connected to the W-phase output terminal TW and the other end connected to the midpoint terminal TC. The eight V-phase coils L9 to L16 are connected in series with one end connected to the V-phase output terminal TV and the other end connected to the midpoint terminal TC. The eight U-phase coils L17 to L24 are connected in series with one end connected to the U-phase output terminal TU and the other end connected to the center point terminal TC.

Therefore, for example, among the eight W-phase coils L1 to L8, L1, L3, L5, and L7 have a common electrical angle. The remaining W-phase coils L2, L4, L6, and L8 also have the same electrical angle. The W-phase coils L1, L3, L5, and L7 and the W-phase coils L2, L4, L6, and L8 are arranged at positions with an electrical angle difference of 180 degrees (π [rad]).

Similarly, the electrical angles of L9, L11, L13, and L15 among V-phase coils L9 to L18 are common. The remaining V-phase coils L10, L12, L14, and L16 also have the same electrical angle. Further, the V-phase coils L9, L11, L13, L15 and L10, L12, L14, L16 are arranged at positions with an electrical angle difference of 180 degrees.

Also, among the eight U-phase coils L17 to L24, L17, L19, L21, and L23 have a common electrical angle. The remaining U-phase coils L18, L20, L22, and L24 also have the same electrical angle. Also, the U-phase coils L17, L19, L21, L23 and L18, L20, L22, L24 are arranged at positions 180 degrees apart in electrical angle.

<Example of electrical circuit configuration of power generation device>
FIG. 2 shows an example of an electric circuit configuration of the power generator 20. As shown in FIG. 2 includes W-phase coils L1, L3, L5 and L7, V-phase coils L9, L11, L13 and L15, and U-phase coils L17 and L19 of the generator having the structure shown in FIG. , L21 and L23 according to the operating speed of the generator.

2 includes controllers 21w, 21v, 21u, a microcomputer 22, a W-phase coil series circuit 23w, a V-phase coil series circuit 23v, and a U-phase coil series circuit 23u. .

The W-phase coil series circuit 23w is configured as a circuit in which the W-phase coils L1 to L8 shown in FIG. It is The V-phase coil series circuit 23v is configured as a circuit in which the V-phase coils L9 to L16 are connected in series, one end of which is connected to the V-phase output terminal TV, and the other end of which is connected to the midpoint terminal TC. . The U-phase coil series circuit 23u is configured as a circuit in which the U-phase coils L17 to L24 are connected in series, and has one end connected to the U-phase output terminal TU and the other end connected to the midpoint terminal TC.

The controller 21w has four switch devices SW1 to SW4 inside. Each of these switch devices SW1 to SW4 has a switch contact or the like, such as a relay or a triac, capable of electrically controlling ON/OFF of energization. In the example of FIG. 2, the switch device SW1 is connected to both ends of the W-phase coil L1. That is, the terminals of the W-phase coil L1 are short-circuited when the switch device SW1 is on, and the terminals of the W-phase coil L1 are opened when the switch device SW1 is off. Similarly, the switch device SW2 is connected to both ends of the W-phase coil L3, the switch device SW3 is connected to both ends of the W-phase coil L5, and the switch device SW4 is connected to both ends of the W-phase coil L7.

That is, among the W-phase coils L1 to L8 connected in series, each of L1, L3, L5, and L7 can be switched to a short-circuited or open state by control of switch devices SW1 to SW4. Here, the four W-phase coils L1, L3, L5, and L7 controllable by the switch devices SW1 to SW4 are arranged at positions with the same electrical angle as shown in FIG.

Similarly to the above, the controller 21v is internally provided with four switch devices SW5 to SW8. In the example of FIG. 2, switch devices SW5, SW6, SW7, and SW8 are connected to both ends of V-phase coils L9, L11, L13, and L15, respectively.

That is, among V-phase coils L9 to L16 connected in series, each of L9, L11, L13, and L15 can be switched to a short circuit or open state by control of switch devices SW5 to SW8. Here, the four V-phase coils L9, L11, L13, and L15 controllable by the switch devices SW5 to SW8 are arranged at positions with the same electrical angle as shown in FIG.

Similarly to the above, the controller 21u has four switch devices SW9 to SW12 inside. In the example of FIG. 2, switch devices SW9, SW10, SW11, and SW12 are connected to both ends of U-phase coils L17, L19, L21, and L23, respectively.

That is, among the U-phase coils L17 to L24 connected in series, each of L17, L19, L21, and L23 can be switched to a short circuit or open state by control of switch devices SW9 to SW12. Here, the four U-phase coils L17, L19, L21, and L23 controllable by the switch devices SW9 to SW12 are arranged at positions with the same electrical angle as shown in FIG.

A microcomputer 22 inputs a speed signal Sv representing the operating speed of the generator from the outside, and adjusts the output voltage of each output terminal TU, TV, TW according to the operating speed of the generator so that the output voltage is stabilized. , to the controllers 21u, 21v, and 21w for turning on/off the switch devices SW1 to SW12.

<Configuration example of coil unit>
A configuration example of one coil unit 30 is shown in FIG. The coil unit 30 shown in FIG. 3 is configured as a circuit in which two coil regions La and Lb are connected in series. Also, the switch device 33 is connected to the coil unit 30 in such a manner that only the terminals of one coil region La can be short-circuited. One end of the coil region La is connected to the terminal 31 and one end of the coil region Lb is connected to the terminal 32 .

In the coil unit 30 of FIG. 3, the coil region La has a large number of coil turns, and the coil region Lb has a relatively small number of coil turns. Furthermore, one coil region La is made of a thin electric wire with a small cross-sectional area, and the other coil region Lb is made of a thick electric wire with a relatively large cross-sectional area.

The two coil regions La and Lb of the coil unit 30 shown in FIG. It can be considered in association with each of the combinations of L8. Also, the combination of V-phase coils L9 and L10, the combination of L11 and L12, the combination of L13 and L14, and the combination of L15 and L16 can be associated with the coil unit 30 of FIG. Furthermore, each of the combination of U-phase coils L17 and L18, the combination of L19 and L20, the combination of L21 and L22, and the combination of L13 and L24 can be associated with the coil unit 30 of FIG.

That is, in the W-phase coils L1 to L8 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coil units 30 are respectively formed by, for example, two adjacent coil pairs L1 and L2, L3 and L4, L5 and L6, and L7 and L8. It is Of course, the coil unit 30 may be formed by combinations other than the above. The W-phase coils L1, L3, L5, and L7, which are arranged at positions with the same electrical angle, are connected so as to be short-circuited by the switch device 33, and the other coils L2, L4, L6, and L8 are always open. state. The same applies to V-phase coils L9-L16 and U-phase coils L17-L24.

As described above, when only the coils L1, L3, L5, L7, L9, L11, L13, L15, L17, L19, L21, and L23 of each phase at the same electrical angle are to be short-circuited, this power generation It is possible to prevent the output voltage of the machine from becoming unbalanced and to avoid the phase balance of the three phases from being lost.

In addition, like the coil unit 30 shown in FIG. 3, the number of turns of the plurality of coil regions La and Lb is varied so that "La>Lb", thereby widening the speed range in which the output voltage can be suppressed. becomes possible. Further, as will be described later, when the coil region La is controlled to be short-circuited when the operating speed is high (the output power is large), a large current does not flow in the coil region La, so the wire with a small wire diameter can be used to configure the coil region La. Therefore, the coils L1, L3, L5, L7, L9, L11, L13, L15, L17, L19, L21, and L23 of each phase are configured with thin electric wires, making it possible to reduce the size and weight of the generator. . Of course, the cross-sectional area and the number of turns of the short-circuitable coil and the other coils may be the same.

<Specific example of coil control>
FIG. 4 shows an example of coil control according to speed. That is, in the power generator 20 shown in FIG. 2, the microcomputer 22 performs the control shown in FIG. 4, thereby suppressing fluctuations of the output voltage appearing at the output terminals TU, TV, and TW according to the operating speed.

Also, in this example, it is assumed that a generator is controlled in which the turns ratio of each coil satisfies the following relationship.
(Number of turns of L2 and L6)>(Number of turns of L4 and L8)
(Number of turns of L1 and L5)>(Number of turns of L3 and L7)
"Number of turns of L5">"Number of turns of L1"
(Number of turns of L10 and L14)>(Number of turns of L12 and L16)
(Number of turns of L9 and L13)>(Number of turns of L11 and L15)
"Number of turns of L13">"Number of turns of L9"
(Number of turns of L18 and L22)>(Number of turns of L20 and L24)
(Number of turns of L17 and L21)>(Number of turns of L19 and L23)
"Number of turns of L21">"Number of turns of L17"

In the control shown in FIG. 4, the microcomputer 22 of the power generator 20 predetermines the current operating speed (running speed of the railcar or rotation speed of the generator) detected by the speed signal Sv in steps S11 and S12. Identify the current speed range by comparing with various thresholds. Then, the following control is performed for each speed range.

V0 to V1 speed range (low speed: about several km/h): (S13)
All of the switch devices SW1 to SW12 are turned off (coils are opened).
Velocity range of V1 to V2: (S14)
SW1, SW3, SW5, SW7, SW9, and SW11 are turned off (coils are opened).
SW2, SW4, SW6, SW8, SW10 and SW12 are turned on (coil short-circuited).
Velocity range of V2 to V3: (S15)
SW1, SW3, SW5, SW7, SW9 and SW11 are turned on.
SW2, SW4, SW6, SW8, SW10 and SW12 are turned off.
Velocity range of V3 to V4: (S16)
SW3, SW7, SW11, SW4, SW8 and SW12 are turned on.
SW1, SW5, SW9, SW2, SW6 and SW10 are turned off.
Velocity range over V4: (S17)
All switch devices SW1 to SW12 are turned on (coil short-circuited).

If the controllers 21u, 21v, 21w and the switch devices SW1 to SW12 are designed to be normally off, the above control can be performed immediately after the start of rotation without requiring external power.

<Explanation of modification>
Different control states in one coil unit 40 are shown in FIGS. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c) and 5(d).

The coil unit 40 shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 5(d) is configured as a circuit in which five independent coil regions L01 to L05 are connected in series. The contacts of the switch device SW01 are connected to the inter-coil terminals 43a and 43b, the contacts of the switch device SW02 are connected to the inter-coil terminals 43b and 43c, and the contacts of the switch device SW03 are connected to the inter-coil terminals 43c and 43d. there is
Therefore, the three switch devices SW01, SW02 and SW03 can control the shorting/opening of the coil regions L02, L03 and L04 respectively.

In the case of the coil unit 30 shown in FIG. 3, a combination of a plurality of coil regions La and Lb arranged at mutually displaced positions in the circumferential direction of the generator is assumed, but the coil unit 40 shown in FIG. , all of the coil regions L01 to L05 are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction.

The magnitude of the electromotive force generated between the unit terminals 41 and 42 of the coil unit 40 when the generator rotates is maximum in the state of FIG. 5(a) and slightly decreases in the state of FIG. 5(b). Then, it further decreases in the state of FIG. 5(c) and becomes minimum in the state of FIG. 5(d).

When the coil unit 30 shown in FIG. 3 is used, the output may become zero at any rotational position due to a short circuit of the coil, so the frequency of the AC voltage appearing at the output terminal may fluctuate. be. However, when using the coil unit 40 shown in FIG. 5, since the entire coil regions L01 to L05 are not short-circuited, voltage can be output at any rotational position, and frequency fluctuations does not occur. Therefore, the power generator including the coil unit 40 can be used not only as a power generator for supplying electric power to the outside, but also as a speed generator for generating pulses for detecting the speed of railway vehicles. is also suitable.

<Example of output voltage characteristics>
FIG. 6 shows an example of the output voltage characteristics of the generator. That is, the respective output voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 6 are the respective experimental results when the microcomputer 22 does not perform the control of FIG. is shown.

In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the operating speed [km/h], and the vertical axis represents the voltage. FIG. 6 shows an AC output voltage characteristic (effective value) C1 when controlled and an AC output voltage characteristic C2 when not controlled.

By performing the control of FIG. 4, as shown in characteristic C1 in FIG. above), the voltage rise can be suppressed, and it can be seen that the usable range with respect to the operating speed is widened. On the other hand, in the case of no control, the voltage becomes too high in the high operating speed region like the characteristic C2, so the operating speed region that can be used becomes very narrow. Conversely, if the characteristic C2 is set so that the voltage increase in the high operating speed region is the same as that of the characteristic C1, sufficient voltage cannot be secured in the low operating speed region.

<Hardware configuration example of power generation device>
A specific hardware configuration example of the power generator 20 is shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), respectively. FIG. 7(a) shows an example in which the control system is configured with a digital circuit, and FIG. 7(b) shows an example in which the control system is configured with an analog circuit.

The control system shown in FIG. 7A includes a rotation detector 71 , a microcomputer 72 , multiple controllers 73 , and multiple switch devices 74 .
The rotation detector 71 generates a voltage corresponding to the speed signal Sv and applies this voltage to the analog input port of the microcomputer 72 . The microcomputer 72 converts the analog voltage applied to the analog input port into a digital value to grasp the current running speed. Then, similarly to the control of FIG. 4, the state of each coil on the output side is controlled according to the result of comparing the operating speed with the threshold value.

A plurality of controllers 73 are connected to a plurality of digital output ports of the microcomputer 72, respectively. Further, in the example of FIG. 7A, a relay is connected as a switch device 74 to the output of the controller 73 . When a mechanical relay is used, contact chattering occurs during switching. To avoid this effect, each controller 73 is controlled so that hysteresis occurs during output switching.

When a triac or the like is used as the switch device 74, the circuit on the control input side and the circuit on the output side are electrically isolated using a photocoupler or the like, and a high voltage is applied to the circuit on the low voltage side. is expected to prevent

On the other hand, the control system shown in FIG. 7B includes a signal conversion circuit 75, a level conversion circuit 76, a voltage level comparator circuit 77, a plurality of comparators 78, and a plurality of switch devices 79. FIG.

A signal conversion circuit 75 generates a voltage proportional to the speed corresponding to the speed signal Sv. The level conversion circuit 76 outputs a signal obtained by converting the level of the voltage input from the signal conversion circuit 75 according to non-linear conversion characteristics that match the required control characteristics.

The voltage level comparator circuit 77 individually compares the voltage input from the level conversion circuit 76 with four predetermined threshold voltages, and outputs binary signals representing the comparison results from four ports.

A comparator 78 connected to each output port of the voltage level comparator circuit 77 controls ON/OFF of the switch device 79 on the output side according to the binary signal output by the voltage level comparator circuit 77 . To avoid contact chattering effects in switch device 79, each comparator 78 is configured with a hysteresis characteristic.

Here, the characteristics of the power generation device and the control method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention described above are briefly summarized in [1] to [6] below.
[1] A power generator (20) having a generator that generates power using permanent magnets and coils (W-phase coils L1-L8, V-phase coils L9-L16, U-phase coils L17-L24),
coil units (30, 40) formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions (coil regions La, Lb);
a switch unit (switch devices SW1 to SW12) capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
A voltage adjustment unit (microcomputer 22) that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to the operating speed (speed signal Sv) of the generator and adjusts the output voltage of the generator;
A power generator with a

[2] The generator is an AC generator having at least two or more poles,
When the voltage adjustment unit controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit in accordance with the operating speed of the generator, the voltage adjustment unit adjusts the area of the coil unit (coil area La) corresponding to the same electrical angle at each pole to the switch unit. (switch device 33) to control,
The power generator according to [1] above, characterized in that:

[3] Among the plurality of coil units, the first coil unit whose short-circuiting and opening can be controlled by the switch section includes a first region (coil region La) and a second region (coil region Lb) having different numbers of turns. wherein the number of turns of the first region is larger than that of the second region, and the switch section is connected in a state in which only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited (Fig. 3),
The power generator according to the above [1] or [2], characterized by:

[4] Among the plurality of coil units, the first coil unit in which the switch section can control short-circuiting and opening includes a first region (coil region La) and a second region (coil region Lb) having different wire cross-sectional areas. ), wherein the cross-sectional area of the wire in the first region is smaller than that in the second region, and the switch unit is connected in a state in which only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. (See FIG. 3),
The power generator according to any one of the above [1] to [3], characterized by:

[5] The coil unit (40) includes a first region and a second region arranged at the same pole position, and the first region (coil regions L02 to L04) and the second region (coil regions L01, L05 ), the switch section (switch devices SW01 to SW03) is connected in such a state that only the first region can be short-circuited (see FIG. 5),
The power generator according to any one of the above [1] to [4], characterized by:

[6] having a generator that generates power using permanent magnets and coils (W-phase coils L1-L8, V-phase coils L9-L16, U-phase coils L17-L24);
coil units (30, 40) formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions (coil regions La, Lb);
a switch unit (switch devices SW1 to SW12) capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
A voltage adjustment unit (microcomputer 22) that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit;
A control method for a power generator comprising
The voltage adjustment unit
Acquiring the operating speed (speed signal Sv) of the generator,
controlling the short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to which one of a plurality of predetermined speed regions the operating speed belongs to;
A control method for a power generator, characterized by:

11 Rotary shaft 12 Circumference 20 Generator 21u, 21v, 21w Controller 22 Microcomputer 23u Series circuit of U-phase coil 23v Series circuit of V-phase coil 23w Series circuit of W-phase coil 30, 40 Coil unit 31, 32 Terminal 33 Switch Devices 41, 42 Unit terminals 43a, 43b, 43c, 43d Inter-coil terminals 71 Rotation detector 72 Microcomputer 73 Controller 74, 79 Switch device 75 Signal conversion circuit 76 Level conversion circuit 77 Voltage level comparator circuit 78 Comparator Sv Speed signal TU U Phase output terminal TV V phase output terminal TW W phase output terminal TC Middle point terminal L1 to L8 W phase coil L9 to L16 V phase coil L17 to L24 U phase coil SW1 to SW12 Switch device La, Lb Coil area L01, L02, L03 , L04, L05 coil area SW01, SW02, SW03 switch device

Claims (4)

A power generator having a generator that generates power using a permanent magnet and a coil,
a coil unit formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions;
a switch unit capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
a voltage adjustment unit that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to the operating speed of the generator and adjusts the output voltage of the generator;
with
Among the plurality of coil units, a first coil unit capable of controlling short-circuiting and opening by the switch section includes a first region and a second region having different numbers of turns and different wire cross-sectional areas. The number of turns of the region is larger than that of the second region, and the electric wire cross-sectional area of the first region is smaller than that of the second region, so that only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. the switch unit is connected in a
A power generator characterized by : The generator is an AC generator having at least two or more poles,
The voltage adjustment unit uses the switch unit to control the area of the coil unit that is in contact with the same electrical angle at each pole when controlling the short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit in accordance with the operating speed of the generator. ,
The power generator according to claim 1, characterized by: The coil unit includes the first region and the second region arranged at the same pole position, and the switch section is configured such that only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. It is connected,
3. The power generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It has a generator that generates electricity using a permanent magnet and a coil,
a coil unit formed by dividing the coil per pole into at least two regions;
a switch unit capable of short-circuiting at least a partial region of the coil unit;
a voltage adjustment unit that controls short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit;
A control method for a power generator comprising
The voltage adjustment unit
obtaining the operating speed of the generator;
controlling short-circuiting and opening of the switch unit according to which one of a plurality of predetermined speed regions the operating speed belongs to;
Among the plurality of coil units, a first coil unit capable of controlling short-circuiting and opening by the switch section includes a first region and a second region having different numbers of turns and different wire cross-sectional areas. The number of turns of the region is larger than that of the second region, and the electric wire cross-sectional area of the first region is smaller than that of the second region, so that only the first region of the first region and the second region can be short-circuited. the switch unit is connected in a
A control method for a power generator, characterized by:

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