JPS627342A - Charging generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a charging generator suitable for being mounted on a vehicle or the like.

(Prior art and its problems) As a conventional charging generator, for example,
Those described in JP-A-697 and JP-A-59-156200 are known.

This charging generator has two independent sets of armature windings in the armature, and these are connected in series in a low speed range or in parallel in a high speed range, depending on the generator rotation speed. This is designed to improve the power generation state when the vehicle is running at low speeds, and to increase the current capacity at high speeds.

However, in this conventional device, since it is necessary to provide two independent sets of armature windings within the armature, the structure of the armature tends to be complicated and large, and the two sets of armature windings have the same configuration. (to prevent cross-flow during parallel operation), the turns ratio is fixed at 2:1 in the low-speed and high-speed ranges: the problem is that the degree of freedom in design is restricted. was there.

(Objective of the Invention) The object of the present invention is to improve the power generation state when the vehicle is running at low speed, and to improve the power generation state when the vehicle is running at high speed, without complicating the structure or increasing the size of the armature in this type of charging generator. In this case, it is possible to increase the current capacity and furthermore, it is possible to set the optimum number of turns according to the speed.

(Structure of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides one or more intermediate terminals for voltage extraction in the middle of each phase winding of the armature, and also provides an operation mode for detecting the operating status of each power generation. A state detection means is provided, and 1 or 2 according to the detected operating state is provided.
The above-mentioned voltage extraction terminal is selected from each phase armature winding, and the extracted voltage is rectified and output to the charging terminal.

(Description of Embodiments) FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a first embodiment of a charging generator according to the present invention.

In the figure, an armature 1 serving as a stator has three armature windings that are Y-connected to each other, that is, a U-phase armature winding 1u,
It includes a V-phase armature winding 1v and a W-phase armature winding 1w.

Each armature winding 1u, 1v, 1w is a low voltage winding 1, respectively.
u'', 1v'', 1w- and high voltage winding 1u''', 1v-',
In this example, the low-voltage windings 1u", 1v", and 1w- are made up of relatively thick conducting wires, and the high-voltage winding 1u'- is connected in series with the high-voltage windings 1w'-.

1v''-, 1w-- are constructed of relatively thin conducting wires.

Furthermore, in this example, the number of turns of the low voltage windings 1u", 1v-, IW- is 8 turns, and the number of turns of the high voltage windings '1u", 1V--, 1W
The number of turns of -1 is set to 4 turns.

The first rectifier circuit 2 is composed of a three-phase diode bridge circuit using six diodes 2a to 2f.
terminal voltage of w, i.e. high voltage winding 1u”'-, Iv-”
, 1W'' terminals (and are connected to rectify the resulting voltage.

The second rectifier circuit 3 also has six diodes 3a to 3.
This rectifier circuit 3 is composed of a three-phase diode-bridge circuit using f, and this rectifier circuit 3 is composed of a three-phase diode-bridge circuit using each phase winding 1u, lv,
The intermediate voltage of 1W, that is, the low voltage winding 1u-, 1v-,
It is connected to rectify the terminal voltage of 1W-.

The output sides of these two rectifier circuits 2.3 are two switching transistors (switches) 6a.

After being commonly connected via 6b, the charging terminals P and N are connected to the on-vehicle battery 4.

In addition, a field current is supplied to the field vi1 winding 7, which serves as a rotor, via brushes and slip rings (not shown), and in the field current control circuit 8, as is well known, the terminal voltage of the vehicle battery 4 is approximately The field current is controlled so that it remains constant.

The generator rotation speed detector 10 detects the rotation speed of the generator directly or indirectly. For example, it directly detects the generator rotation speed using a tacho generator or the like. 2. It converts the power generation frequency into F/V. Various configurations can be adopted, such as one in which the generator rotation speed is indirectly detected by detecting the engine rotation speed, or one in which the generator rotation speed is indirectly detected by detecting the engine rotation speed.

The electric load amount detector 11 is for directly or indirectly detecting the electric load amount of this power generation, for example, one that directly detects the load through the voltage drop of a resistor inserted in the load current path. Alternatively, various configurations such as one in which the voltage is detected indirectly by detecting the terminal voltage of the battery 4 can be adopted.

The transistor control circuit 9 includes a generator rotation speed detector 10.
Based on each output of the electric load amount detector 11, the transistors 6a and 6b are controlled to be turned on and off as appropriate, and in this example, it is constituted by a microcomputer.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a control program executed by the microcomputer that constitutes the transistor control circuit 9. Hereinafter, the operation of the device of the first embodiment will be systematically explained with reference to this flowchart and the graph of FIG. Explain in detail.

In the graph of FIG. 3, what is shown by the curve abc is the generator rotational speed N and the maximum output current Imax×in a state where both the transistors 6a and 6b are turned on, thereby activating the first rectifier circuit 2. The characteristic curve dbe shows the relationship between the generator rotation speed N and the maximum output when both transistors 5a and 5b are turned off and only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated. This is a characteristic curve showing the relationship with current Imax.

As is clear from the above graph, when the value of the generator rotational speed N is lower than N1, the first rectifier circuit is activated more than the second rectifier circuit alone. The value of the maximum output current 1 max is larger in this case.

On the other hand, when the value of the generator rotational speed N is in a region higher than N1, the case where only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated is more effective than the case where the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated. However, the value of the maximum output current I maX is larger.

Therefore, if only the value of the maximum output current Imax is considered, in the region lower than the rotation speed N1, the first rectifier circuit 2
It can be seen that it is preferable to activate only the second rectifier circuit 3 in a region higher than the rotational speed N1.

However, considering the efficiency of the generator, in the F3 region surrounded by points N and bfN2, it is preferable to activate the second rectifier circuit 2 rather than activate the first rectifier circuit 2 due to iron loss, excitation loss, etc. It is empirically known that activating the rectifier circuit 3 is more efficient.

To summarize the above, as shown by the same hatching in the figure, it is preferable to activate the first rectifier circuit 2 for the C@ area and the F1 area surrounded by the point N2fbad, whereas for the area C@ surrounded by the point N2fbe, It can be seen that it is preferable to activate the second rectifier circuit 3 for the F3 region, F2 region, and D region.

As described above, the program shown in the flowchart of FIG. 2 enables optimal rectifier circuit selection control by considering the maximum output current Imax and the efficiency of the generator.

In other words, if we assume that the rotational speed of the generator is gradually increased from zero, then in the region where the rotational speed N is less than or equal to N2 (step 201, negative), both transistors 6a and 6b are turned on. and the first rectifier circuit 2 is unconditionally selected (step 202).

Next, until the value of the rotational speed N exceeds N2 and reaches N (step 201 affirmative, step 202 negative, step 203 first side), the value of the generator load is L.
Only if it is larger than Ll (step 204 negative), the first rectifier circuit 2 is selected (step 202), and if the load value is smaller than Ll, it is determined that it is in the F3 region (step 204 determination). , transistors 6a and 6b are turned off, and the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 2
06).

Next, when the value of the rotational speed N exceeds N (step 20
1 (affirmative), step 202 (affirmative), and thereafter the second rectifier circuit 3 is unconditionally selected (step 206).

On the other hand, when the value of the rotation speed N is gradually decreased from a high-speed rotation state, the value of the rotation speed N becomes N1.
During the time when the voltage decreases to 1 (step 201 and step 202, fA is fixed), the second rectifier circuit 3 is unconditionally selected (step 206).

Next, until the value of the rotational speed N falls below N1 and reaches N2 (step 201 affirmative, step 202 negative, step 203 second side), the generator load value is 12 (hysteresis width Corresponding to Ll>12
> (step 205, affirmative), the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 206), and if the load value is smaller than L2 (step 205, negative), the first rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 206). 2 is selected (step 202).In other words, hysteresis operation is performed when the load value is between L1 and L2.

Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the optimum rectifier circuit is selected according to the generator rotational speed N and the electric load [, and the maximum output current Imax is increased and the efficiency is improved. be.

In addition, in the case of this invention, since the intermediate terminals of each phase armature winding 1U to 1V can be taken out from any position, the turns ratio is not fixed at 2:1 between low speed and high speed as in the conventional example. .

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, when determining whether the load value is larger than Ll, it is sufficient to determine, for example, whether the terminal voltage of the vehicle battery 4 is higher than V+ (for example, 14.5 volts). In order to determine whether the load value is greater than 2, it is sufficient to determine whether the value of the battery voltage V is higher than V2 (for example, 13.0 volts).

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a control program for the transistor control circuit 9 in the second embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention.

Note that in this second embodiment, the hardware configuration is the same as that in the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

In this second embodiment, the rectifier circuit is selected based only on the generator load without considering the generator rotational speed N.

In other words, if the load value of the generator is gradually increased from zero, the first rectification will continue unconditionally until the load value reaches Ll (Step 401 1st. Step 402 Negative). Circuit 2 is selected (step 403).

Then, when the load value exceeds Ll, step 402
Yes), the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 40
5).

On the other hand, when the load value of the generator is gradually decreased to 10, the load value is reduced to L2 (step 404, affirmative) and the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected. In step 4Q5), the load value is L2.
As soon as the voltage becomes lower (No in step 404), the first rectifier circuit 2 is automatically selected (step 403).

In this way, the first. Even if the second rectifier circuits 2 and 3 are switched according to the load value of the generator, the output and efficiency of this type of generator can be maintained at the optimum state regardless of the size of the load. It's effective.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a third embodiment of the charging valve N device according to the present invention.

In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The feature of this third embodiment is that as the second rectifier circuit 3,
A pair of voltage dividing resistors 11a which employs a three-phase half-wave rectifier circuit consisting of diodes 3g to 31 to simplify the circuit configuration, and which detect the terminal voltage of the battery 4 as the electrical load amount detector 11.

11b is adopted, and further as a transistor control circuit 9,
By employing a hysteresis comparator 9a and a drive transistor 9b, the cost can be reduced compared to the first and second embodiments.

That is, until the terminal voltage of the battery 4 drops below, for example, ■2 (for example, 13.0 volts), the output of the hysteresis comparator 9a is "H", the drive transistor 9b is on, and the power transistor 6b is on. The first rectifier circuit 2 is activated, and the maximum output current max in a relatively low load region is improved.

On the other hand, as the load increases, the battery terminal voltage decreases to V
2 (for example, 13.0 volts), the hysteresis comparator 9a turns off (tl-TI drive transistor 9b is turned off, power transistor 6a is turned off, only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated, and the relatively high The maximum output current Imax is also improved in the load region.

On the other hand, when the generator load is reduced from a large capacity load state, the output of the hysteresis comparator 9a is ``V'' until the value of the battery terminal voltage V reaches 1 (14.5 volts). is kept off, and the power transistor 6a is kept off, so that the maximum output current max is kept large.

On the other hand, if the generator load decreases further and the battery terminal voltage increases above V+ (e.g. 14.5 volts), the hysteresis comparator 9a will indicate "H-drive transistor 9b is on.

Power 1 ~ Ranjistaro b is on 1! As a result, a power generation state with a high maximum output current Imax is performed even in a low load region.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The feature of this fourth embodiment is that six thyristors 3j to 3o are used as rectifying elements constituting the first rectifying circuit 2, and the outputs of the generator rotation speed detector 10 and the electrical load amount detector 11 are Based on this, the thyristor control circuit 12 performs a switching function on these thyristors 3'' to 3o.

That is, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 and the graph of FIG. 8, in the C region and the F1 region, the thyristor is turned on and the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated, whereas in the F3 region and the F2 region, the thyristor is turned on and the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated. In region D, the thyristor is turned off and only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated.

Thereby, as explained in the first embodiment, high output is maintained in the entire rotation speed range, and efficiency is improved.

Further, according to the fourth embodiment, since the rectifying element has a switching function, unlike the first to third embodiments, it is not necessary to provide a separate switching element.

It should be noted that the explanation of the flowchart in FIG. 7 and the graph in FIG. 8 is the same as in the first embodiment, so the explanation will be omitted.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a control program for a thyristor control circuit showing a fifth embodiment of a charging generator according to the present invention.

The feature of this fifth embodiment is that instead of turning on the transistors 6a and 5b in the second embodiment, the thyristors 3j to 3
The other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment.

In this way, the output can be improved even if the first and second rectifier circuits 2 and 3 are switched and controlled according to the load amount of the generator.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a sixth embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention.

In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The feature of this sixth embodiment is that each phase winding 1u, 1v, Iw constituting the armature 1 is composed of three windings connected in series, that is, low voltage windings 1u=, 1v-, 1w-. , medium voltage winding 1u--, Iv'-, 1w-1 and high voltage winding 1u--
--, 1v""-, 1w"', each winding end is selectively led out via a multi-purpose switch group 15, rectified by one common rectifier circuit 13, and charged. It is derived from output terminals P and N.

Moreover, regarding the multi-variable changeover switch group 15, the generator rotation speed detector 10. The terminal switching control circuit 14 is operated based on the output of the electrical load amount detector 11, and switching control is performed in consideration of the increase in output in each rotation speed region, as in the first to fifth embodiments. .

However, as shown in FIG. 11, when the generator rotational speed is from I to N1, curve C is selected, and N1
→N2, the curve a is selected, and furthermore, in the region of N2 or more, the curve a is selected.

Note that the curve C is the high voltage winding 1u=--, 1v""-, 1
This is a characteristic curve when the voltage taken out from the terminal of "w" is rectified, and the curve is a medium voltage winding lu"', 1v--,
1w-'' is the characteristic curve when the voltage taken out from the terminal is rectified, and curve a is the characteristic curve when the voltage taken out from the terminal of the low voltage winding 1u'', 1v',
This is a characteristic curve when the voltage taken out from the terminal of Iw- is rectified.

In this way, the armature winding lu, 1
By selecting the output terminals from v and 1w, it is possible to obtain a high output power generation state in all rotational speed regions. In particular, in the sixth embodiment, the cost can be significantly reduced by sharing the rectifier circuit.

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention.

In the figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The feature of this seventh embodiment is that in the sixth embodiment, the generator rotation speed detector 10 () and each crank sensor 10
A and an F/V converter 10b that performs F/V conversion of the output thereof, a hysteresis comparator 14a and a drive transistor 14b are used as the terminal switching control circuit 14, and a multi-variable switch group 15,
5PDT each (Single Po1e Dua
Three relays 15a to 1 with (Throw) contacts
The reason lies in the adoption of 5c.

According to such a configuration, the rectifier circuit can be shared.

By simplifying the circuit configurations of the terminal switching control circuit 14 and the multi-variable switch group 15, it is possible to further reduce costs.

In this seventh embodiment, when the armature winding is switched by the multi-purpose switch group 15, the field current flowing through the field winding 7 is made zero to reduce the sparks caused by switching, and to It is preferable to improve contact durability.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the description of each of the embodiments above, according to the present invention, in this type of charging generator, the vehicle can run at low speeds without complicating the structure or increasing the size of the armature. This makes it possible to improve the power generation state at times, increase the current capacity when running at high speed, and set the optimum number of windings depending on the speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 is a graph explaining the operation of the first embodiment, and FIG.
The figure is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the second embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the third embodiment.
6 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 8 is a graph showing the operation of the device of the fourth embodiment, and FIG.
10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the operation of the device of the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the seventh embodiment. 1... Armature 2... First rectifier circuit 3... Second rectifier circuit 4... Vehicle batteries 6a, 6b... Power transistor 7... Field winding 8... Field current control circuit 9... Transistor control circuit 10... Generator rotation speed detector 11... Electrical load amount detector 12... Thyristor control circuit 13... Rectifier circuit 14... Terminal switching Control circuit 15... Multi-purpose switch group Figure 3 Number of revolutions Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure 8 Number of revolutions Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Patent Application No. 60-146414 dated March 3rd 2゜ Name of the invention Charging generator 3, Person making the amendment ゛ Relationship to the case Patent applicant address Address 2, Takaracho, Kanayō-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Name
(399>Kume, Representative of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
Toyo 4, Agent @101 Address: 6th floor, Toko Building, 1-15-16 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo! 295-1480 6. Subject of amendment (1) Full text of the specification 7. Contents of amendment (1) The entire text of the specification shall be amended as shown in the attached sheet. (2> Figures 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 are corrected as shown in the attached sheet. Description 1, Title of the invention, Charging generator 2, Claims (1) An armature having one or more voltage extraction terminals in the middle of each phase winding; An operating state detection means for detecting the operating state of the generator; One or more terminals according to the detected operating state. A charging generator comprising: a rectifying means for selecting a voltage extracting heir from each phase winding, rectifying the extracted voltage and leading it to a charging terminal. (2) The rectifying means. Claims characterized in that the battery comprises two or more independent rectifier circuits connected to each voltage output terminal, and a switch that selectively leads the outputs of these rectifier circuits to the charging terminal. The charging generator according to item 1. (3) The rectifying means is composed of two or more independent rectifying circuits connected to each voltage extraction terminal, and at least one
2. The charging generator according to claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit uses a thyristor as a rectifying element. (4) The rectifying means comprises a multi-purpose selector switch that is selectively connected to one of the voltage output terminals, and a common rectifier circuit that is connected to each voltage output terminal via this switch. A charging generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: (5) The charging generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operating state detection means directly or indirectly detects the rotation speed of the generator. (6) The charging generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operating state detection means directly or indirectly detects the electrical load amount of the generator. . 3. Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a charging generator suitable for installation in light rain or the like. (Prior art and its problems) As a conventional charging generator, for example,
Those described in JP-A-697 and JP-A-59-15620Q are known. This charging generator has two sets of independent armature windings in the armature, and these are connected in series in the low speed range and in parallel in the high speed range, depending on the generator rotation speed. This is designed to improve the power generation state when the vehicle is running at low speeds, and to increase the current capacity at high speeds. However, in this conventional device, since it is necessary to provide two independent sets of armature windings within the armature, the structure of the armature tends to be complicated and large, and the two sets of armature windings have the same configuration. (to prevent crossflow during parallel operation), the turns ratio is fixed at 2:1 in the low speed range and high speed range, which limits the degree of freedom in design. I was disappointed. (Objective of the Invention) The object of the present invention is to optimize the number of turns of the armature according to the operating condition of the generator in this type of charging generator without complicating the structure or increasing the size of the armature. (Structure of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides one or more voltage extraction terminals in the middle of each phase winding of the armature. In addition, an operating state detection means for detecting the operating state of the generator is provided, and 1 or 2 according to the detected operating state is provided.
The above-mentioned voltage extraction terminal is selected from each phase armature winding, and the extracted voltage is rectified and output to the charging terminal. (Description of Embodiments) FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a first embodiment of a charging generator according to the present invention. In the figure, an armature 1 serving as a stator has three armature windings that are Y-connected to each other, that is, a U-phase armature winding 1U,
It is equipped with a V-phase armature winding IV and a W-phase armature winding 1W. Each armature winding 1LJ, 1V, 1W is a low voltage winding 1U', 1v', 1v' and a high voltage winding 1u'', respectively.
In this example, the low voltage windings 1u'', 1v', 1v' are made up of relatively thick conductors, and the high voltage windings 1u'', 1v'', 1
w" is composed of relatively thin conducting wires. Furthermore, in this example, low voltage windings 'lu', 'lv',
The number of turns of '1w' is 8 turns, high voltage winding 1u", 1v
The number of turns of ", 1w" is set to 4 turns. The first rectifier circuit 2 is constituted by a three-phase diode bridge circuit using six diodes 2a to 2f, and this rectifier circuit 2 includes windings 1u, 1 of each phase of the armature 1.
v, terminal voltage of 1 w, i.e. high voltage winding 11”, I
It is connected to the terminal of V'' and 1W'' so as to rectify the voltage that is increased by 1. The second rectifier circuit 3 also has six diodes 3a to 3.
This rectifier circuit 3 is composed of a three-phase diode bridge circuit using f, and this rectifier circuit 3 is composed of a three-phase diode-bridge circuit using
v, midway voltage of 1W, i.e. low voltage winding 1u",
It is connected to rectify the terminal voltage of 'lv' and 1v'. The output sides of these two rectifier circuits 2 and 3 are commonly connected via a solid switching transistor (switch) 6a and 6b, and then led out to charging terminals P and N that conduct to the vehicle battery 4. In addition, the field winding 7 serving as the rotor has brushes (not shown),
A field current is supplied through the slip ring, and the field current control circuit 8 controls the field current so that the terminal voltage of the vehicle battery 4 is approximately constant, as is well known. The generator rotation speed detector 10 detects the rotation speed of the generator directly or indirectly. For example, it directly detects the generator rotation speed using a tacho generator or the like. 2. It converts the power generation frequency into F/V. Various configurations can be adopted, such as one that indirectly detects the generator rotation speed by detecting the engine rotation speed, or one that indirectly detects the generator rotation speed by detecting the engine rotation speed. The electrical load amount detector 11 is a device that directly or indirectly detects the electrical load amount of this generator, for example, a device that directly detects the load via a voltage drop of a resistor inserted in a load current path. Alternatively, various configurations such as one in which the voltage is detected indirectly by detecting the terminal voltage of the battery 4 can be adopted. The transistor control circuit 9 includes a generator rotation speed detector 10.
Based on each output of the electric load amount detector 11, the transistors 5a and 6b are controlled to be turned on and off as appropriate, and in this example, it is constituted by a microcomputer. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a control program executed by the microcomputer that constitutes the transistor control circuit 9. Hereinafter, the operation of the device of the first embodiment will be systematically explained with reference to this flowchart and the graph of FIG. Explain in detail. In the graph of FIG. 3, what is shown by curve abc is the generator rotational speed N and maximum output current lll1aX in a state where both transistors 6a and 6b are turned on, thereby activating the first rectifier circuit 2. The curve dbe shows the relationship between the generator rotational speed N and the maximum output current when both the transistors 6a and 6b are turned off and only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated. It is a characteristic curve showing the relationship with Imax. As is clear from the above graph, when the value of the generator rotational speed N is lower than N1, the first rectifier circuit is activated more than the second rectifier circuit alone. The value of the maximum output current I max is larger in this case. On the other hand, when the value of the generator rotational speed N is in a region higher than N1, the case where only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated is more effective than the case where the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated. However, the value of the maximum output current I max is larger. Therefore, if only the value of the maximum output current T, max is considered, the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated in the region lower than the rotation speed N1, and the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated in the region higher than the rotation speed N1. It can be seen that it is preferable to activate only the second rectifier circuit 3. However, considering the efficiency of the generator, in the F3 region surrounded by point N+ bfN2, the iron loss,
It is known from experience that activating the second rectifier circuit 3 is more efficient than activating the first rectifier circuit 2 due to excitation loss and the like. To summarize the above, as shown by the same hatching in the figure, it is preferable to activate the first rectifier circuit 2 for the C area and the ``1 area'' surrounded by the point N2fbad; It can be seen that it is preferable to activate the second rectifier circuit 3 for the enclosed F3 area, F2 area, and D area.Thus, as a result of considering the maximum output current Imax and the efficiency of the generator, the optimal The program shown in the flowchart in Figure 2 makes it possible to control the rectifier circuit selection.Assuming that the rotation speed of the generator is gradually increased from zero, the rotation speed N In a region where the value of N is equal to or less than N2 (No in step 201), both transistors 6a and 6b are turned on, and the first rectifier circuit 2 is unconditionally selected (step 202). In the period from exceeding N2 to reaching N1 (step 20144j, step 20
3 (No, step 204 first side), only if the generator load value is greater than Ll (step 205, No)
, the first rectifier circuit 2 is selected (step 202>,
If the value of iQ load is smaller than Llcl:, it is determined that it is in the F3 region (step 205), transistors 6a and 6b are turned off, and the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 206). . Next, when the value of the rotational speed N exceeds N (step 20
1 (affirmative, step 203), the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected unconditionally (step 206). On the other hand, from the high-speed rotation state, the value of the rotation speed N is gradually decreased. In this case, the value of the rotation speed N is N1
During the period when the voltage decreases to <step 201 affirmative, step 203 affirmative>, the second rectifier circuit 3 is unconditionally selected (step 206). Next, until the value of the rotational speed N decreases below N1 and reaches N2 (step 201 evaluation, step 203 negative, step 204 second side), the generator load value is 12 (hysteresis). Corresponding to the width Ll < 1
2) only if it is smaller than (step 207 affirmative)
, the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 206),
If the load value is greater than L2 (step 20
5 negative), the first rectifier circuit 2 will be selected (
Step 202). In other words, the load values are Ll and L2
A hysteresis operation is performed during this period. Further, in a region where the rotational speed N is equal to or less than N2, the first rectifier circuit 2 is unconditionally selected. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the optimum rectifier circuit is selected according to the generator rotational speed N and the value of the electric load IL, and the maximum output current max is increased and the efficiency is improved. is. In addition, in the case of this invention, since the intermediate terminals of each phase armature winding 1u to 1■ can be taken out from any position, the turns ratio between low speed and high speed can be fixed at 2:1 as in the conventional example. In addition, unlike the case where two sets of windings having the same configuration are provided, the structure of the armature does not become complicated or large. In the above embodiment, when determining whether the load value is greater than 1-4, for example, the on-vehicle battery 4
It is only necessary to determine whether the terminal voltage of is higher than V+ (for example, to 14.5 pol 1), and to determine whether the value of load is greater than Ll, it is sufficient to determine whether the value of battery voltage is higher than V2. (for example, 13.0 volts) or not. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a control program for the transistor control circuit 9 in the second embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. Note that in this second embodiment, the hardware configuration is the same as that in the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted. In this second embodiment, the rectifier circuit is selected based only on the generator load without considering the generator rotational speed N. In other words, if the load value of the generator is gradually decreased from the maximum value, the first load value will be unconditionally reduced until the load value reaches Ll (Step 401 1st. Step 402 Negative). rectifier circuit 2 is selected (step 403)
. Next, when the load value falls below Ll (step 4021 constant), the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected (step 405). On the other hand, when the load value of the generator is gradually increased from zero, the second rectifier circuit 3 is selected until the load value reaches Ll (step 4041 constant). 405), the value of the load is Ll.
At the same time as the value exceeds (step 404, negative), the first rectifier circuit 2 is automatically selected (step 403). In this way, the first. Even if the second rectifier circuits 2 and 3 are switched according to the load value of the generator, the output and efficiency of this type of generator can be maintained at the optimum state regardless of the size of the load. effective. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a third embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The feature of this third embodiment is that as the second rectifier circuit 3,
A three-phase half-wave rectifier circuit consisting of diodes 3g to 31 is adopted to simplify the circuit configuration, and a pair of voltage dividing resistors 11a and 711b are used as the electrical load detector 11 to detect the terminal voltage of the battery 4. Furthermore, a hysteresis comparator 9a and a drive transistor 9b are employed as the transistor control circuit 9, and the first and second
This is because the cost was reduced compared to the embodiment. That is, until the terminal voltage of the battery 4 drops below, for example, V2 (for example, 13.0 volts), the output of the hysteresis comparator 9a is (7H11, the drive transistor 9b is on, the power transistor 6b is on, and the first The rectifier circuit 2 is activated to improve the maximum output current Imax in a relatively low load region.On the other hand, as the load increases, the battery terminal voltage decreases to V
2 (for example, 13.0 volts) or less, the hysteresis comparator 9a is turned off. The maximum output current max is improved even in the high load region.On the other hand, when the generator load decreases from a large capacity load state, the battery terminal voltage value reaches Vl (14.5 volts). The output of the hysteresis comparator 9a is kept at "the same", the drive transistor 9b is kept off, and the power transistor 6a is kept off, so that the maximum output current max is kept large. On the other hand, if the generator load decreases further and the battery terminal voltage increases above V+ (eg 14.5 volts), the hysteresis comparator 9a will indicate i H! ! ,
Drive transistor 9b is on. The power transistor 6b is turned back on, and a high power generation state with a maximum output current of 1 max is performed even in a low load region. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The feature of this fourth embodiment is that six thyristors 3j to 30 are used as rectifying elements constituting the first rectifying circuit 2, and the outputs of the generator rotation speed detector 10 and the electrical load amount detector 11 are Based on this, the thyristor control circuit 12 performs switching control on these thyristors 3j to 30. That is, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 and the graph of FIG. 8, in the C region and the F1 region, the thyristor is turned on and the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated, whereas in the F3 region and the F2 region, the thyristor is turned on and the first rectifier circuit 2 is activated. In region D, the thyristor is turned off and only the second rectifier circuit 3 is activated. Thereby, as explained in the first embodiment, high output is maintained in the entire rotation speed range, and efficiency is improved. Further, according to the fourth embodiment, since the rectifying element has a switching function, unlike the first to third embodiments, it is not necessary to provide a separate switching element. Note that the explanation of the flowchart in FIG. 7 and the graph in FIG. 8 is the same as in the first embodiment, so the explanation will be omitted. FIG. 9 is a flowchart A7 showing the configuration of a control program for a thyristor control circuit showing a fifth embodiment of a charging generator according to the present invention. The feature of this fifth embodiment is that instead of turning on the transistors 6a and 6b in the second embodiment, the thyristors 3j to 3
The other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment. In this way, the output can be improved even if the first and second rectifier circuits 2 and 3 are switched and controlled according to the load amount of the generator. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a sixth embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. In this figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The feature of this sixth embodiment is that each phase winding 1ujv, 1w constituting the armature 1 is composed of three windings connected in series with each other,
That is, low voltage windings 1u', 1v', 1w'. Medium voltage winding 1u'', 'lv', 1w'' and high voltage winding 1u
``'', 1v'', and 1w'', each winding end is selectively led out via a multi-purpose switch group 15, rectified by one common rectifier circuit 13, and used for charging. The terminal switching control circuit 14 is operated based on the outputs of the generator rotational speed detector 10 and the electrical load detector 11 for the multi-variable switching switch group 15. , as in the first to fifth embodiments, the switching control is performed in consideration of the increase in output in each rotation speed range. That is, as shown in FIG. Until then, curve C is selected and N1
→N2, the curved line is selected, and furthermore, in the area of N2 or more, the curve a is selected. Note that the curve C is the high voltage winding 114"', IV"',
This is a characteristic curve when the voltage taken out from the terminal of 1W "°' is rectified, and the curve is a medium voltage winding 1u", 1v
”. This is the characteristic curve when the voltage taken from the terminal of 1W° is rectified, and curve a is the characteristic curve when the voltage taken from the terminal of lv', 1w' is rectified. It is a characteristic curve.In this way, the armature winding 'lu,
By selecting the output terminals from 1v and 1w, it is possible to obtain a high output power generation state in all rotational speed ranges. In particular, in the sixth embodiment, the cost can be significantly reduced by sharing the rectifier circuit. FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the charging generator according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The feature of this seventh embodiment is that in the sixth embodiment, each crank sensor 10a is used as the generator rotation speed detector 10.
In addition, a hysteresis comparator 14a and a drive transistor 1 are used as the terminal switching control circuit 14.
4b is adopted, and 5PDT (Single Po1e Dual
Throw) Three relays 15a to 15 with contacts
The point is that c was adopted. According to such a configuration, the rectifier circuit can be shared. By simplifying the circuit configurations of the terminal switching control circuit 14 and the multi-variable switch group 15, it is possible to further reduce costs. In this seventh embodiment, when the armature winding is switched by the multi-purpose switch group 15, the field current flowing through the field winding 7 is made zero to reduce the sparks caused by switching, and to It is preferable to improve contact durability. (Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the description of each of the embodiments above, according to the present invention, in this type of charging generator, the structure of the armature can be improved and the size of the vehicle can be improved. It is possible to improve the power generation state during low-speed running, increase the current capacity during high-speed running, and set the optimum number of windings depending on the speed. 4. Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the first embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the operation of the first embodiment. Graph to explain, 4th
The figure is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the second embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the third embodiment.
6 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the software configuration of the device of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 8 is a graph showing the operation of the device of the fourth embodiment, and FIG.
10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the operation of the device of the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the device of the seventh embodiment. 1... Armature 2... First rectifier circuit 3... Second rectifier circuit 4... Vehicle battery 5a, 6b... Power transistor 7... Field winding 8... Field current control circuit 9... Transistor control circuit 10... Generator rotation speed detector 11... Electrical load amount detector 12... Thyristor control circuit 13... Rectifier circuit 14... Terminal switching Control circuit 15... Multi-purpose switch group Patent applicant Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Figure 2 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure 9

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) An armature having one or more voltage extraction terminals in the middle of each phase winding; An operating state detection means for detecting the operating state of the generator; One or two terminals depending on the detected operating state A charging generator comprising: a rectifying means for selecting the above voltage extraction terminal from each phase winding, rectifying the extracted voltage and leading it to the charging terminal; (2) The rectifier is characterized by comprising two or more independent rectifier circuits connected to each voltage output terminal, and a switch that selectively leads the outputs of these rectifier circuits to the charging terminal. A charging generator according to claim 1. (3) The rectifying means consists of two or more independent rectifying circuits connected to each voltage extraction terminal, and at least one
2. The charging generator according to claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit uses a thyristor as a rectifying element. (4) The rectifying means comprises a multi-purpose selector switch that is selectively connected to one of the voltage output terminals, and a common rectifier circuit that is connected to each voltage output terminal via this switch. A charging generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: (5) The charging generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operating state detection means directly or indirectly detects the rotation speed of the generator. (6) The charging generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operating state detection means directly or indirectly detects the electrical load amount of the generator. .