CN102399610A - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102399610A CN102399610A CN2011102758848A CN201110275884A CN102399610A CN 102399610 A CN102399610 A CN 102399610A CN 2011102758848 A CN2011102758848 A CN 2011102758848A CN 201110275884 A CN201110275884 A CN 201110275884A CN 102399610 A CN102399610 A CN 102399610A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- content
- oil composition
- alkyl
- purification agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 alkenyl succinimide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 42
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 21
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CEQGYPPMTKWBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octyl propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC CEQGYPPMTKWBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRESEFMHKFGSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound [Mo].O=C1CCC(=O)N1 BRESEFMHKFGSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007065 Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N P,P-Dioctyldiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C=C1 QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicilamide Chemical class NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNAVRRZWXIBYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo]=O.P(O)(O)(=S)S Chemical compound [Mo]=O.P(O)(O)(=S)S CNAVRRZWXIBYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005902 aminomethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007520 diprotic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113162 oleylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NRQGBNABWWEQJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum;pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound [Mo]=O.O=C1CCC(=O)N1 NRQGBNABWWEQJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C2C(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=C1 QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
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Abstract
具有低硫酸盐化的灰分含量、低P含量、低S含量和低Cl含量而且能有利地用于润滑采用低S含量的烃燃料油操作的柴油发动机的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物包含溶解或分散于低S含量的基础油中的下列组分a)至d):a)无灰分散剂例如烯基-或烷基琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物,b)具有低S含量和有机酸钙盐的烷基水杨酸钙,它是具有C14-C18烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂,c)磷酸锌抗磨损剂,和d)氧化抑制剂。
Description
本申请要求2010年9月8日提交的日本专利申请号JP 2010-201230的优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及有利地适用于润滑在陆地上操作的内燃机的润滑油组合物,所述内燃机例如是柴油发动机、汽油发动机或燃气发动机。更具体地,本发明涉及用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,其具有低的硫酸化灰份含量、低的磷含量和低的硫含量,并显示良好的高温清净性和抗磨损性能,且其对废气净化装置例如颗粒过滤器或安置在汽车上的用于氧化未燃烟灰、燃料和废气中含有的润滑油的氧化催化剂具有更小的不利影响,因此该润滑油组合物能满足最新采用的苛刻的废气要求且还能满足将来有可能采用的更苛刻的废气要求。
特别地,本发明提供了用于内燃机的环境友好的润滑油组合物,所述内燃机有利地适用于使用硫含量不大于约0.005wt.%、特别是不大于约0.001wt.%的烃燃料油操作的车辆,特别是配备有废气净化装置例如颗粒过滤器和氧化催化剂的安装有柴油发动机的车辆。
发明背景
最近,对于陆地上运行的安装有柴油发动机的车辆来说,减少由废气组分例如颗粒和NOx引起的环境污染已经变得非常重要。已知,可通过向所述车辆上安装废气净化装置例如颗粒过滤器和氧化催化剂来减少该污染。然而,注意到,尽管吸附在过滤器上的烟灰通过氧化和在废气净化装置中燃烧而除去,但颗粒过滤器被由常规润滑油组合物的燃烧所产生的金属氧化物、硫酸化灰份和羧酸堵塞,该常规润滑油组合物具有高的硫酸化灰份含量、高的磷含量和高的硫含量。
此外,现在要求降低燃料油中的所述硫含量,因为燃料油中的硫燃烧在废气中产生不利的产物例如硫酸和硫酸盐,这对氧化催化剂具有不利影响。例如,用于安装柴油发动机的车辆的柴油燃料油的硫含量已经从不大于约0.005wt.%降低到不大于约0.001wt.%。当燃料油中的硫含量降低时,能够降低用于中和润滑油组合物中的硫酸等的含金属的清净剂的含量。已知,润滑油组合物的一部分在发动机中燃烧并合并到废气中。因此,优选的是润滑油组合物中的金属含量和硫含量尽可能低。此外,优选的是降低润滑油组合物中的磷含量以防止催化剂劣化。此外,优选的是降低润滑油组合物中的氯含量以防止废气被二噁英污染。
迄今,用于机动车、建筑机械和发电机的陆地上使用的柴油发动机一般使用硫含量为约0.005wt.%或更多的燃料油(轻质油或重质油)和具有约1.3-2wt.%的硫酸化灰份含量、约0.3-0.7wt.%的硫含量和约0.1-0.13wt.%的磷含量的润滑油组合物来操作。
JPA 2002-53888(对应于US 2002/0019320A1)公开了一种润滑油组合物,其满足低的硫酸化灰份含量、低磷含量、低硫含量和低氯含量的最近要求,其适用于使用具有低硫含量的燃料油操作的柴油发动机。更具体地,JPA 2002-53888公开了一种润滑油组合物,其具有0.01-0.3wt.%的硫含量和0.01-0.1wt.%的磷含量,并给出了0.1-1wt.%的硫酸化灰份,其包含:
a)主要量的矿物基础油,该矿物基础油具有至多0.1wt.%、优选至多0.03wt.%的硫含量;
b)无灰分散剂,其包含按氮原子含量计用量为0.01-0.3wt.%的烯基琥珀酰亚胺或烷基琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物;
c)含金属的清净剂,其含有选自由以下物质组成的组中的有机酸金属盐:TBN为10-350mg KOH/g的未硫化的烷基水杨酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐,和具有曼尼希碱结构的未硫化的烷基酚衍生物的碱金属或碱土金属盐,该含金属的清净剂的量按硫酸化灰份含量计为0.1-1wt.%;
d)二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,其量按磷含量计为0.01-0.1wt.%;和
e)其量为0.01-5wt.%的选自由酚化合物和胺化合物组成的组的氧化抑制剂,
其中所述量基于润滑油组合物的量来计算。
它还描述道:优选的含金属的清净剂是具有平均碳原子数为约8-30的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。
在最近确立的JASO M 355:2008(用于汽车柴油发动机的润滑油)中,描述了根据DH-2-08的用于卡车和公共汽车的润滑油,该卡车和公共汽车配有后处理装置以使得废气规格应该具有1.0±0.1wt.%的硫酸化灰份含量、不大于0.12wt.%的磷含量、不大于0.5wt.%的硫含量和不大于150ppm的氯含量。
本发明的目标是提供用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,其满足上述JASOM 355:2008的要求,并且与在上述JPA 2002-53888公开的润滑油组合物相比,显示了改进的在300℃或更高温度下的高温清净性,以便充分符合预计的更苛刻的发动机操作条件例如在升高的温度下的操作。
发明概述
本发明人已经研究了在JPA 2002-53888中描述的润滑油组合物,以改进由所公开的润滑油组合物获得的高温清净性,并发现通过一种润滑油组合物(该润滑油组合物中使用具有含14-18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂作为具有平均碳原子数为约8-30的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸碱土金属盐)改进了在300℃或更高温度下的高温清净性。如此配制的润滑油组合物显示了令人满意地好的抗磨损性能和令人满意地低的在低温下的粘度,因此该润滑油组合物有利地适用于寒冷的地区。通过本发明人的这一发现做出了本发明。
因此,本发明在于一种用于润滑采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%、特别是不大于0.001wt.%的燃料油操作的内燃机的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物包含溶解或分散在硫含量不大于0.1wt.%、优选不大于0.03wt.%的基础油中的下列组分a)至d),并且具有的硫酸化灰份含量在0.1-1.1wt.%的范围内,磷含量在0.01-0.12wt.%的范围内,硫含量在0.01-0.5wt.%的范围内和氯含量不大于150ppm:
a)无灰分散剂,按氮含量计其量为0.01-0.3wt.%,该无灰分散剂选自由烯基琥珀酰亚胺、烷基琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物组成的组;
b)烷基水杨酸钙清净剂,按硫酸化灰份含量计其量为0.1-1wt.%,该烷基水杨酸钙清净剂具有不大于3wt.%的硫含量和在10-350mgKOH/g范围内的总碱值,且包含具有含14-18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂,而且含有有机酸钙盐,条件是,所述润滑油组合物含有基于该油组合物的量含量为0.2-7wt.%、优选0.5-5wt.%、更优选1.0-3wt.%的所述有机酸钙盐;
c)磷酸锌抗磨损剂,其量按磷含量计为0.01-0.12wt.%,该磷酸锌选自由二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和二烃基磷酸锌组成的组,和
d)氧化抑制剂,其量为0.01-5wt.%,该氧化抑制剂选自由氧化抑制性酚化合物和氧化抑制性胺化合物组成的组,
其中所述硫酸化灰份含量、磷含量、硫含量和上面a)至d)中给出的wt.%是基于所述润滑油组合物的量的值。
本发明的润滑油组合物具有与前述JPA 2002-53888所公开的润滑油组合物相似的低的硫酸化灰份含量、低的磷含量和低的硫含量,但显示改进的在300℃或更高温度下的高温清净性。而且,本发明的润滑油组合物显示了令人满意地良好的抗磨损性能。此外,本发明的润滑油组合物显示了令人满意地低的在低温下的粘度,因此该润滑油组合物能有利地适用于寒冷的地区。
因此,本发明的润滑油组合物特别有利地适合于润滑安装到配有废气净化装置例如颗粒过滤器和氧化催化剂的机动车上的且在寒冷地区操作的使用烃燃料油的柴油发动机,所述烃燃料油具有不大于约0.005wt.%、特别是不大于约0.001wt.%的硫含量。
发明详述
本发明的优选实施方案陈述如下。
(1)组分b)的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的总碱值在30-300mg KOH/g的范围内。
(2)具有碳原子数为14-18的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的总碱值在100-250mg KOH/g的范围内。
(3)组分a)的无灰分散剂包含通过聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐与多胺的反应获得的琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物,所述聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐是通过在没有氯或没有含氯化合物的条件下聚丁烯与马来酸酐的热反应获得的。
(4)所述润滑油组合物含有数量为0.01-5wt.%的含钼化合物。
(5)所述润滑油组合物的总碱值在1-17mg KOH/g的范围内,特别是在2-13mg KOH/g的范围内。
(6)所述润滑油组合物是多级通用发动机油,该多级通用发动机油含有粘度指数改进剂而且是属于0W5、0W10、0W15、0W20、0W30、5W20、5W30、10W20或10W30级别的油。
(7)所述润滑油组合物用于润滑采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%、特别是不大于0.001wt.%的燃料油操作的柴油发动机,其中该柴油发动机被安装于在陆地上运行的车辆上。
本发明还在于采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%、特别是不大于0.001wt.%的燃料油和本发明的润滑油组合物来操作柴油发动机的方法,该柴油发动机被安装于在陆地上运行的车辆上。
基础油
适用于所述润滑油组合物的基础油通常是在100℃下运动粘度为2-50mm2/s的矿物油或合成油且硫含量不大于0.1wt.%,优选不大于0.03wt.%,更优选不大于0.005wt.%。
所述矿物油可通过由溶剂精炼和/或加氢处理或加氢裂化对润滑油等级的馏分进行加工而产生。优选使用的是超-氢化基础油,例如,粘度指数为100-150、芳族化合物含量为5wt.%或更低且氮和硫含量为50ppm或更低的基础油。特别优选的是可通过疏松石蜡或GTL蜡的加氢和异构化获得的粘度指数为140-160的高粘度指数基础油。
合成油(合成基础油)可以是:聚-α-烯烃,即原子数为3-12的α-烯烃的聚合物;二烷基酯,其是二元酸例如癸二酸、壬二酸或己二酸与碳原子数为4-18的醇的酯,例如癸二酸二辛酯;1-三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇与碳原子数为3-18的一元酸的多元醇酯;或具有碳原子数为9-40的烷基的烷基苯。所述合成油是有利地适用的,因为所述合成油通常几乎没有硫含量且显示高的氧化稳定性和在高温下的高的热稳定性,且还生产更低量的残余含碳物质和烟灰。
所述矿物基础油和合成基础油可以单独使用。然而,能使用两种或更多种矿物基础油的组合和两种或更多种合成油基础油的组合。此外,矿物基础油和合成基础油可以以任选确定的比例组合使用。
其它润滑油添加剂
在本发明的润滑油组合物中作为组分a)使用的无灰分散剂可以是烯基琥珀酰亚胺、烷基琥珀酰亚胺或它们的衍生物,其中所述烯基和烷基可以衍生自聚烯烃。所述无灰分散剂以按氮含量计为0.01-0.3wt.%的量并入到所述润滑油组合物中。百分比以每润滑油组合物的量给出。代表性的琥珀酰亚胺可通过具有高分子量的烯基或烷基取代基的琥珀酸酐与平均氮原子数为4-10、优选5-7的聚亚烷基多胺之间的反应而获得。所述高分子量的烯基或烷基优选衍生自数均分子量为约900-3000的聚丁烯。
在通过聚丁烯与马来酸酐的反应来生产聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐的方法中,通常采用氯化程序。然而,氯化程序在产物中给出了残留的氯,且因此最终产生的琥珀酰亚胺不可避免地含有大量(例如约2,000-3,000ppm)的引入的氯。相比之下,使用无氯的热反应给出了具有极小的(例如0-30ppm)氯含量的最终产物。因此,衍生自通过热反应获得的聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺的琥珀酰亚胺能够有利地用于配制具有低氯含量例如0-30wt.ppm的润滑油组合物。所述琥珀酰亚胺可以用硼酸、含硼化合物、醇、醛、酮、烷基酚、环状碳酸酯或有机酸进行后处理。优选的是通过用硼酸或含硼化合物后处理而得到的硼酸化的烯基-(或烷基-)琥珀酰亚胺,且其显示了高的热稳定性和高的氧化稳定性。
在所述润滑油组合物中,必须含有所述烯基-或烷基-琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物。然而,其它无灰分散剂例如烯基苄基化合物或烯基琥珀酸酯可以与所述烯基-或烷基-琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物组合使用。
在本发明的润滑油组合物中必须含有的组分b)的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂含有有机酸钙盐以给出以0.2-7wt.%、优选0.5-5wt.%、更优选1.0-3wt.%的量含有所述有机酸钙盐的所述润滑油组合物,且组分b)的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂包含具有含14-18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂。在本发明中,“具有含14-18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂”用来表示具有这样的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂:其中至少90摩尔%的所述烷基具有14-18个碳原子。
在所述润滑油组合物中,具有含20-28个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂可以与所述具有含14-18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂组合使用。“具有含20-28个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂”用来表示具有这样的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂:其中至少90摩尔%的所述烷基具有20-28个碳原子。
所述未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂优选为通过Kolbe-Schmitt反应由烷基酚(其由具有期望的碳原子数的α-烯烃和酚来制备)制备的烷基水杨酸钙。通常,将通过使用消石灰和二氧化碳的用于过碱性化的碳酸化工艺而获得的过碱性的水杨酸钙用作所述水杨酸钙清净剂。
另外,所述烷基水杨酸钙可通过对由直接中和获得的烷基酚的钙盐进行碳化而直接产生。
所述含金属的清净剂可含有少量的具有碳-氮键的有机酸或酚衍生物的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。通常,通过反应连上胺化合物,含金属的清净剂能具有增加的碱值,因此通过胺化合物的碱性氮原子得到的碱值能够有助于增加所述清净剂的碱值。因此,能获得具有低的硫酸化灰份含量但高碱值的含金属的清净剂。例如,可以提及各种化合物例如氨基羧酸的金属盐。特别地,能提及具有曼尼希碱结构的未硫化的烷基酚盐(碱金属盐或碱土金属盐)。这一化合物能够由烷基酚、甲醛和胺或胺化的化合物经由曼尼希反应来氨甲基化酚环并随后用碱例如氢氧化钙来中和反应产物而制备。
除了迄今描述的含金属的清净剂之外,少量的磺酸盐例如石油磺酸、烷基苯磺酸或烷基甲苯磺酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐也可以与所述烷基水杨酸盐清净剂组合使用。
已经用于传统的柴油发动机油的硫化的酚盐是硫化烷基酚的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。一般地,使用钙盐和镁盐。硫化的酚盐显示高的热稳定性,但通常具有由硫化反应带来的例如约3wt.%或更多的高硫含量。在本发明中,少量的硫化的酚盐可以与所述烷基水杨酸盐清净剂组合使用。
在本发明的润滑油组合物中,所述两种烷基水杨酸钙清净剂能够组合并入,条件是将这些清净剂中所含的有机酸钙盐并入以给出这样的润滑油组合物:基于所述润滑油组合物的量,以0.2-7wt.%、优选0.5-5wt.%、更优选1.0-3wt.%的量含有所述有机酸钙盐。可通过调节所述清净剂中的有机酸钙盐的含量和/或调节并入到所述润滑油组合物中的所述清净剂的量来调节所述有机酸钙盐的量。
已知所述烷基水杨酸钙清净剂是包含分散在油状介质(通常含量为约25-55wt.%)中的有机酸钙盐(通常称作“皂含量”)和围绕所述有机钙盐的聚集的碱性无机盐颗粒(通常为碳酸钙颗粒)的油状分散体。所述有机酸钙盐在所述润滑油组合物中的量对于将高温清净性(使在高温下操作的发动机的内部保持清洁的能力)保持在高水平上是重要的。
组分c)的磷酸锌抗磨损剂选自由二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和二烃基磷酸锌组成的组。这些磷酸锌抗磨损剂是公知的,就它们的制备方法和性质而论。所述磷酸锌抗磨损剂以按磷含量计0.01-0.12wt.%的量使用。然而,所述量优选为0.01-0.06,以便降低所述润滑油组合物中的磷含量和硫含量。
所述二烷基二硫代磷酸锌优选具有碳原子数为3-18的烷基或具有碳原子数为3-18的烷基的烷芳基。特别优选的是具有衍生自碳原子数为3-18的仲醇的烷基或具有衍生自碳原子数为3-18的伯醇和碳原子数为3-18的仲醇的混合物的烷基混合物的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,二者都带来非常良好的抗磨损性能。衍生自所述伯醇的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌显示了高的热稳定性。这些二硫代磷酸锌可单独使用,但可以以组合物形式使用,该组合物主要包含衍生自仲醇的二硫代磷酸锌和衍生自伯醇的二硫代磷酸锌。
本发明的润滑油组合物还以0.01-5wt.%、优选0.1-3wt.%的量含有氧化抑制性酚化合物和/或氧化抑制性胺化合物。通常,具有低的硫酸化灰份含量、低磷含量和低硫含量的润滑油组合物含有降低量的含金属的清净剂和二硫代磷酸锌,并因此显示了高温清净性、氧化稳定性和耐磨损性的降低。为了改进这些降低,需要将组分d)并入到所述润滑油组合物中。该组分d)优选为二芳基胺氧化抑制剂和/或受阻酚氧化抑制剂。并入这些氧化抑制剂有效地改进了高温清净性。一方面,所述二芳基胺氧化抑制剂是优选的,因为它显示了源自所含有的氮的碱值。另一方面,所述受阻酚氧化抑制剂是优选的,因为它有效地抑制了由N0x引起的氧化。
受阻酚氧化抑制剂的实例包括:2,6-二-叔-丁基-p-甲酚,4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-o-甲酚),4,4′-异亚丙基双(2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚),4,4′-双(2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚),2,2-硫代-二亚乙基双[3-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯],3-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸辛酯和3-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯。
二芳基胺氧化抑制剂的实例包括:具有含4-9个碳原子的混合烷基的烷基二苯基胺,p,p′-二辛基二苯基胺,苯基-α-萘基胺,苯基-β-萘基胺,烷基化的α-萘基胺,和烷基化的苯基-α-萘基胺。
受阻酚氧化抑制剂和二芳基胺氧化抑制剂的每一种都可以单独使用或组合使用。任选地,其它油溶性的氧化抑制剂可与上述氧化抑制剂组合使用。
本发明的润滑油组合物还可以以各自不大于5wt.%、特别是0.01-5wt.%的量含有多功能添加剂例如含钼化合物和/或水合的碱金属硼酸盐。这些化合物的大多数具有硫酸化灰份含量和硫含量。因此,考虑到所得到的润滑油组合物的硫酸化灰份含量和硫含量,所述量可以进行调整。
含钼化合物在所述润滑油组合物中主要用作摩擦改进剂、氧化抑制剂和抗磨损剂,且还用于改进高温清净性。所述含钼化合物优选以按钼金属含量计10-2500ppm的量并入到所述润滑油组合物中。含钼化合物的实例包括:含硫的琥珀酰亚胺-钼配位化合物、硫化的二硫代氨基甲酸氧钼、硫化的二硫代磷酸氧钼、胺-钼配位化合物、二乙基化酰胺氧钼(oxymolybdenum diethylatetamide)和单甘油酯氧钼(oxymolybdenummonoglyceride)。特别地,所述琥珀酰亚胺-钼配位化合物有效地给出改进的高温清净性。
水合的碱金属硼酸盐有效地赋予所述润滑油组合物以改进的高温清净性和增加的碱值。水合的碱金属硼酸盐能够通过美国专利号3,929,650和4,089,790中公开的方法制备。优选的是其中分散有碱金属硼酸盐微粒的分散体,其可以通过在碱金属氢氧化物的存在下对中性的碱金属磺酸盐或碱土金属磺酸盐进行碳化以给出过碱性的磺酸盐并使所述过碱性的磺酸盐与硼酸反应来制备。在碳酸化反应中,无灰分散剂例如琥珀酰亚胺优选存在于反应混合物中。所述碱金属优选为钾或钠。更具体地,能够提及分散在中性磺酸钙和琥珀酰亚胺清净剂的混合物中的构成式为KB3O5·H2O且平均直径为约0.3μm或更小的产物颗粒。考虑到耐水性,能用钠代替钾。
本发明的润滑油组合物优选以20wt.%或更少、更优选1-20wt.%的量含有粘度指数改进剂。粘度指数改进剂的实例包括聚合物例如聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和聚异戊二烯。通过将可分散的基团连至粘度指数改进性的聚合物上,得到了分散剂型的粘度指数改进剂或多功能粘度指数改进剂。粘度指数改进剂可以单独使用或组合使用。
本发明的润滑油组合物还可含有各种辅助添加剂。辅助添加剂的实例包括:二硫代氨基甲酸锌,亚甲基双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯),油溶性的铜化合物,硫化合物(例如硫化烯烃,硫化酯或多硫化物),磷酸酯,亚磷酸酯和有机酰胺化合物(例如油酸酰胺(oleylamide)),其可用作氧化抑制剂或抗磨损剂。此外,可并入用作金属减活剂的苯并三唑化合物和噻二唑化合物。此外,聚氧化烯型非离子表面活性剂例如聚氧化亚乙基烷基苯基醚或环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物,其用作锈蚀抑制剂或抗乳化剂。此外,能够并入能用作摩擦改进剂的各种胺、酰胺、胺盐或它们的衍生物或多价醇的脂肪酸酯或它们的衍生物。能够并入能用作消泡剂或降倾点剂的各种化合物。这些辅助添加剂优选以不大于3wt.%、优选0.001-3wt.%的量并入到所述润滑油组合物中。
实施例
通过如下示例性、非限制性的实施例进一步描述本发明。
(1)润滑油组合物的制备
从下文提到的基础油和添加剂制备了用于评价其性能的润滑油组合物,以给出硫酸化灰份含量为1.0wt.%、磷含量为0.09wt.%、硫含量为0.2wt.%且氯含量低于5ppm的润滑油组合物。向所述润滑油组合物中添加粘度指数改进剂以具有5W30的粘度等级(SAE粘度等级)。
(2)基础油和添加剂
1)基础油(下列基础油A和基础油B按35∶65的体积比的混合物)
基础油A:超-氢化的基础油(100℃下的运动粘度:4.0mm2/s,粘度指数:123,硫含量:低于0.001wt.%)
基础油B:超-氢化的基础油(100℃下的运动粘度:6.5mm2/s,粘度指数:132,硫含量:低于0.001wt.%)
2)添加剂
分散剂A:碳酸亚乙酯后处理的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(氮含量:0.85wt.%,氯含量:30wt.ppm):0.0085wt.%(按氮含量计的量),该分散剂A是按照JP 7-150166A的实施例17中所述的程序,通过如下步骤制备的:使数均分子量为约2200的聚丁烯与马来酸酐在热反应条件下反应;使反应产物与(每分子)平均氮原子数为6.5的聚亚烷基多胺反应,得到双型琥珀酰亚胺;和用碳酸亚乙酯处理所述琥珀酰亚胺。
分散剂B:含硼的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(氮含量:1.5wt.%,硼含量:0.5wt.%,氯含量:低于5wt.ppm):0.06wt.%(按氮含量计的量),该分散剂B是按照JP 7-150166A的实施例8中所述的程序,通过如下步骤制备的:使数均分子量为约1300的聚丁烯与马来酸酐在热反应条件下反应;使反应产物与(每分子)平均氮原子数为6.5的聚亚烷基多胺反应,得到双型琥珀酰亚胺;和用硼酸处理所述琥珀酰亚胺。
烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(描述于下文实施例1至4以及对比例1):0.82wt.%(按硫酸化灰份含量计的量)
ZnDTP:二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(P:7.2wt.%,Zn:7.85wt.%,S:14.4wt.%,得自具有3至8个碳原子的仲醇):0.09wt.%(按P含量计的量)
氧化抑制剂A:胺化合物(二烷基二苯基胺(烷基:C4烷基和C8烷基的混合物),N:4.6wt.%,TBN:180mg KOH/g):0.7wt.%
氧化抑制剂B:酚化合物(3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸辛酯):0.7wt.%
含Mo化合物:硫化的氧钼-琥珀酰亚胺配位化合物(Mo:5.4wt.%,S:3.7wt.%,TBN:45mg KOH/g):0.85wt.%
粘度指数改进剂:非分散剂型乙烯-丙烯共聚物,Paratone 8057)
实施例1
用下列烷基水杨酸钙清净剂制备了一种润滑油组合物(TBN:9.6mgKOH/g,有机酸钙盐含量:1.5wt.%):
具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 220mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:约30wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:49wt.%)。
实施例2
用下列烷基水杨酸钙清净剂制备了一种润滑油组合物(TBN:9.6mgKOH/g,有机酸钙盐含量:1.5wt.%):
具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 225mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:至多约30wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:51wt.%)。
对比例1
用下列烷基水杨酸钙清净剂制备了一种润滑油组合物(TBN:9.6mgKOH/g,有机酸钙盐含量:1.2wt.%):
具有含20至28个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 230mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:约32wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:42.5wt.%)
通过如下方法进行有机酸钙盐含量(皂含量)的测定以及高温清净性的评价。
(1)有机酸钙盐含量(皂含量)的测定
采用橡皮膜对所述清净剂进行常规的透析,以分离出矿物油和各种低分子量组分。剩余的残留物(A)是一种有效的清净剂组分。单独地,测定了所述清净剂的二氧化碳含量。根据所述二氧化碳含量和单独测定的钙含量,测定了碳酸钙的含量(过碱性组分含量(B))。从(A)减去(B),计算出有机酸钙盐(皂组分)。
(2)高温清净性的评价
对所述润滑油组合物进行下面提到的在300℃和305℃下的热管试验(KES-07-803)。
将一根玻璃管(内径:2mm)垂直地置于一个加热部件中。在该玻璃管中,分别以0.31cc/hr.和10cc/mi n.的流量从管的底部供应所述润滑油组合物和空气。连续供应16小时,保持加热部件在预定的温度。终止所述供应之后,取出所述玻璃管并检查在管的内表面上产生的沉积物。以10分(最高分)为基础进行评价。10分意味着没有观察到沉积物。
(3)低温粘度
在-35℃下借助MRV粘度计(描述于ASTM D4684)测定了低温粘度(cP)。
评价和测定的结果
从上述结果可以看出,含有烷基水杨酸钙(该烷基水杨酸钙具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基)的本发明的润滑油组合物(实施例1和2)给出了在例如300℃和305℃的非常苛刻的温度条件下的改进的高温清净性,并且进一步显示出在低温下的低粘度。相比之下,仅含有一种烷基水杨酸钙(该烷基水杨酸钙具有含20至28个碳原子的烷基)的对比例1的润滑油组合物显示出低劣的高温清净性而且不能显示出在低温下令人满意的低粘度(也就是说,太粘了以致于不能测出粘度)。
实施例3
用下列两种烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的1∶1混合物(按钙含量之比计)制备了一种润滑油组合物(TBN:9.6mg KOH/g,有机酸钙盐含量:1.1wt.%):
具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 220mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:约30wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:49wt.%)
具有含20至28个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 320mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:约35wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:32.5wt.%)
实施例4
用下列两种烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的1∶1混合物(按钙含量之比计)制备了一种润滑油组合物(TBN:9.6mg KOH/g,有机酸钙盐含量:1.1wt.%):
具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 225mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:至多约30wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:51wt.%)
具有含20至28个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂(TBN 320mg KOH/g,石油介质含量:约35wt.%,有机酸钙盐含量:32.5wt.%)
通过上述方法进行有机酸钙盐含量(皂含量)的测定以及高温清净性的评价。
评价和测定的结果
从上述结果可以看出,含有两种烷基水杨酸钙(这两种烷基水杨酸钙具有含不同碳原子数的烷基)的本发明润滑油组合物(实施例3和4)给出了在例如300℃和305℃的非常苛刻的温度条件下的改进的高温清净性,并且进一步显示出在低温下的低粘度。
Claims (9)
1.用于润滑采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%的燃料油操作的内燃机的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物包含溶解或分散在硫含量不大于0.1wt.%的基础油中的下列组分a)至d)并且硫酸化灰份含量在0.1至1.1wt.%的范围内,磷含量在0.01至0.12wt.%的范围内,硫含量在0.01至0.5wt.%的范围内和氯含量不大于150ppm:
a)无灰分散剂,按氮含量计其量为0.01至0.3wt.%,该无灰分散剂选自由烯基琥珀酰亚胺、烷基琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物组成的组;
b)烷基水杨酸钙清净剂,按硫酸化灰份含量计其量为0.1-1wt.%,该烷基水杨酸钙清净剂具有不大于3wt.%的硫含量和在10-350mg KOH/g范围内的总碱值,包含具有含14至18个碳原子的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂,而且含有有机酸钙盐,条件是,所述润滑油组合物含有基于该油组合物的量含量为0.2-7wt.%的所述有机酸钙盐;
c)磷酸锌抗磨损剂,其量按磷含量计为0.01至0.12wt.%,该磷酸锌选自由二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和二烃基磷酸锌组成的组,和
d)氧化抑制剂,其量为0.01至5wt.%,该氧化抑制剂选自由氧化抑制性酚化合物和氧化抑制性胺化合物组成的组,
其中所述硫酸化灰份含量、磷含量、硫含量和上面a)至d)中给出的wt.%是基于所述润滑油组合物的量的数值。
2.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分b)的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的总碱值在30-300mg KOH/g的范围内。
3.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中具有碳原子数为14-18的烷基的未硫化的烷基水杨酸钙清净剂的总碱值在100-250mg KOH/g的范围内。
4.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分a)的无灰分散剂包含通过聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐与多胺的反应获得的琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物,所述聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐是通过在没有氯或没有含氯化合物的条件下聚丁烯与马来酸酐的热反应获得的。
5.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,该组合物含有数量为0.01至5wt.%的含钼化合物。
6.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中所述润滑油组合物的总碱值在1-17mg KOH/g的范围内。
7.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物是多级通用发动机油,该多级通用发动机油含有粘度指数改进剂而且是属于0W5、0W10、0W15、0W20、0W30、5W20、5W30、10W20或10W30级别的油。
8.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物用于润滑采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%的燃料油操作的柴油发动机,该柴油发动机被安装于在陆地上运行的车辆上。
9.采用硫含量不大于0.005wt.%的燃料油和权利要求1的润滑油组合物来操作柴油发动机的方法,该柴油发动机被安装于在陆地上运行的车辆上。
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