CN102398099B - Method for using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce antiwear layer - Google Patents
Method for using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce antiwear layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce an antiwear layer belongs to the technical field of producing anti-adhesive and antiwear material layers through metal surface overlaying, adopts the MIG electronic soldering and the TIG to compositely produce an antiwear layer of the inner bore surface of a workpiece, and comprises the steps of groove processing, preweld cleaning, part clamping and fixing, backing welding, padding welding, cosmetic welding, shaping welding, postwelding cooling and machining. The MIG electronic soldering and the TIG are adopted to compositely produce the antiwear layers on the inner bore surfaces of the low carbon alloy steel gear like parts with quenched tooth parts, the bonding strength of the antiwear layer with a basal body can be ensured, the heat input quantity during the welding is effectively controlled at the same time, the low deposition efficiency problem of the antiwear layer is solved, and the physical dimension, the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of the tooth parts are also ensured not to change, so the production efficiency and the economic benefit are greatly improved.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to the technical field that the metal surface built-up welding prepares anti stickness lost material layer, relating in particular to a kind of is the method that the hard-tempered gear part bore area of the tooth section of low-carbon alloy steel is made antifriction layer in material, is specifically related to a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG.
[background technology]
In the machine-building, often need to prepare antifriction layer at the piece surface of two relative slidings, reduce frictional dissipation, improve the friction pair service efficiency, improve the service behaviour of part, prolong its service life, finally guarantee the high-performance operation of equipment.Antifriction layer has been optimized tribological property, can make the friction factor value lower and in friction process amplitude of variation very little, thereby be widely used.For example, at the mechanical driving speed changing box that every profession and trade is used widely, its change-speed gearing needs frequently on axle to slide to obtain different speed ratios, and sliding lightly steadily is to guarantee lightly one of the key factor of stable, low noise of speed change; Therefore the change-speed gearing bore area of being everlasting prepares antifriction layer, to obtain good speed change and transmission effect.
Through technology retrieval discovery in recent years, studied more to the preparation method of antifriction layer.At present, prepare the method for antifriction layer at the bore area of gear part, mainly contain following two kinds:
A, mechanical assembling method:
In conjunction with structure shown in Fig. 1 or 2 of Figure of description, this method is to make an external diameter ∮
2 'With gear (1) internal orifice dimension ∮
2The antifriction cover (2) that is interference fit, two part width t are consistent.Then with external force and fitter's tool it is headed in gear (1) endoporus, make antifriction cover (2) be set in gear part (1) endoporus, it is concordant to adjust two part end faces, end face a or b from this assembling component distributes along two part joint δ even circumferentials with several holding screws (3) at last, and the junction of the edges of two sheets of paper is fixed " namely the screw of holding screw (3) is separately positioned on the inner hole wall of antifriction cover (2) exterior face and gear (1) ".
The characteristics of this method are: all manufacturing process only relates to mechanical processing technique and assembly technology, and the height of operative employee's technical merit is little on the impact of product quality, and can be mass, and pipelining is used widely in actual production.
Yet, weak point is: the antifriction cover in the preceding method is the part that designs as separately, obtain by machining, and this method only is suitable for the gear internal diameter less than or equal to pinion of φ 300mm etc., the gear internal diameter size is during greater than φ 300mm, the antifriction cover difficulty of the large footpath of existence thin-walled is manufactured, assembly quality is difficult to guarantee, main manifestations is easy loosening, antifriction cover distortion, affects the shortcomings such as precision and crudy.
B, fusing welding method:
The method is that the method with built-up welding prepares certain thickness antifriction layer on the bore surface, and then with the method for machining the gear internal diameter is worked into required part specification requirement size.
The characteristics of this method are: the fusing welding method can make antifriction layer be combined more reliable with the gear matrix.At present application mainly is manual electric arc welding and TIG weldering.Compare manual electric arc welding, TIG weldering protection is effective, and visibility is high, arc stability, and it is little to splash, and the overlay cladding shape is controlled easily, and the antifriction layer quality of preparation is good.During welding, electrode and arc region and deposite metal all are among the argon shield, and be isolated with air, so the alloying element in parent metal and the filling metal is difficult for oxidization burning loss.Lower dilution rate has also guaranteed preferably binding ability of welding point during the TIG welding.It is a kind of effective processing method that solves now big-and-middle-sized milling type gear inner bore of part surface preparation antifriction layer.
Yet weak point is: heat input is large during manual electric arc welding fusing built-up welding, controls the bad tooth section distortion that easily causes, metallographic structure and mechanical performance also change even; And the frequently discontinuous welding of taking based on reducing the heat input has reduced production efficiency.TIG weldering is because bath temperature and heat affected area temperature are high, for the hard-tempered gear part of tooth section, the metallographic structure of hard-tempered tooth section, processing dimension and mechanical performance changed; Simultaneously, because the current capacity of tungsten electrode is limited, arc power is restricted, and causes weld penetration shallow, and discontinuous welding causes speed of welding low, even produces weld defect, certainly will reduce production efficiency like this, and welding quality is very unstable.
What need to further specify is, above-mentioned two kinds of welding methods are manual operations, and welder's operative skill level directly has influence on the quality of product, and the not high and very difficult control of yield rate finally causes production efficiency and economic benefit uncontrollable.
As from the foregoing, above-mentioned two kinds of methods that prepare antifriction layer on the bore surface, although, exist within the specific limits some beneficial effects, also once in the application process of reality, have ever made some positive contributions, but, be low-carbon alloy steel for material, the preparation of the bore area antifriction layer of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth section, how can guarantee antifriction layer and matrix reliable connection, can guarantee again the physical dimension of tooth section in preparation process, metallographic structure and mechanical performance do not change, also has simultaneously higher production efficiency, but so far there are no breaks through, and this type of part is very broad in the use of every field, thereby has become a difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
[summary of the invention]
For overcoming the background technology deficiency, the invention discloses and a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, the method of the invention is low-carbon alloy steel in material, the bore area of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth section, by adopting MIG electronics soldering and TIG to weld compound preparation antifriction layer method, when guaranteeing antifriction layer and substrate combinating strength, heat input during by the control welding, overcome the low problem of antifriction layer deposition efficiency, the method of the invention has guaranteed the physical dimension of tooth section, metallographic structure and mechanical performance do not change, and production efficiency and remarkable in economical benefits raising.
In order to realize described goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, comprise and adopt MIG electronics soldering and TIG to weld compound preparation gear part bore area antifriction layer, the soldering of described MIG electronics is a kind of low-yield MIG electronics method for welding based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW), be that the bore area built-up welding of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth section of low-carbon alloy steel is when preparing antifriction layer in described material, welding wire is sent to continuously and is melted, and the gear part basal body interface does not melt, the welding wire of fusing forms liquid film at the gear part basal body interface, the liquid film atom spreads to the gear part matrix, and gear part matrix atom dissolves and diffusion in liquid film, welding wire and the formation of gear part matrix of fusing are dissolved each other, realize welding wire and the two interatomic good combination of gear part, solidify firmly binder course of rear formation until liquid phase, this unstable state diffusion process easily on the surface and crystal boundary preferentially carry out, what the higher diffusion process of temperature was carried out is more fast more abundant.
The concrete grammar of described preparation antifriction layer, comprise the steps: finished edge → preweld cleaning → parts fixation fix → backing welding → filling weldering → cosmetic welding → repair type weldering → postwelding cooling → machine adds and obtains finished product;
A, finished edge:
Gear part is fixed, adopted conventional turning equipment, process " ︻ " trapezoidal groove at the bore area of gear part, groove depth is controlled between 1.0mm～2.5 mm, and wherein the both sides pitch angle control is between 25 ° and 35 °;
B, preweld cleaning:
The gear part inner hole surface residue of previous step processing is cleared up, and described residue comprises burr, the chip that adds man-hour;
The cleaning of described residue comprises mechanical chipping, flame cleaning or three kinds of modes of Chemical cleaning;
Wherein said mechanical chipping: use wire brush and surface, No. 20 sand papering gear part endoporus positions to be welded, remove oxide on surface and dirt, be advisable to expose metallic luster;
Wherein said flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of gear part endoporus position to be welded, temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃, between gear part inner hole surface position to be welded baking 5～10 minutes, stopped heating when the gear part bore area is blue by xanthochromia, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface, air cooling is again heating after at least 5 minutes, heating schedule and mode are the same, remove gear part surface moisture, and gear part infiltrated when the machining at cutting fluid " cutting fluid herein contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, the emulsification oily substance " and the water of matrix shallow-layer remove totally;
Wherein said Chemical cleaning: use technical pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene to clean, remove greasy dirt and the impurity on surface, gear part endoporus position to be welded;
C, parts fixation are fixed:
Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, the rotary table face of a formula positioner is horizontal, then utilizing scroll chuck and cushion block that gear part to be welded is the level of state equally is fixed on the positioner rotary table, rotating welding positioner trip shaft again makes the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table be vertical duty at last;
D, backing welding:
Use the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics to finish the backing welding of antifriction layer;
Wherein, the weldering height is between 1 mm～2 mm, and welding current is between 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is between 21V～23V, adjusts positioner revolution rotating speed, and speed of welding is controlled between 280cm/min～320 cm/min;
Further, during weldering first weld seam, rotating welding positioner trip shaft, make the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table face tilt counterclockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, near a side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the inboard " the minimum point starting the arc, the rotary teeth wheel-class parts welds along the gear part circumferencial direction simultaneously from the gear part bore area, note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, be soldered " namely gear part rotates a circle " behind the inboard first weld seam, elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft, gear part is placed as vertically, continue again to make gear part to tilt clockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, at the gear part bore area away from the opposite side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the outside " the minimum point starting the arc, in the mode identical with aforementioned weldering first weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, be soldered outside second weld seam;
Wherein, when wider " width is more than 20mm " phenomenon appears in described gear part bore area, need between inboard, outer side weld, to continue built-up welding; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft is put vertical welding with gear part; The minimum point starting the arc in the middle of first and second road weld seam of gear part bore area in the mode identical with aforementioned weldering first weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, is soldered the 3rd road backing weld seam; The like, progressively be soldered all welding beads of bottoming, note observing matrix surface this moment, guarantee continuity and welding continuously every or the part built-up welding occurs and cause solder joint too high;
E, filling weldering:
Use the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics to finish the deposited of antifriction layer intermediate layer; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, described gear part is vertically placed, make the centre position of first and second road weld seam arcing point in the previous step be in minimum point, electric arc is mainly faced toward the middle overlay of front twice weld seam, from minimum point, with with abovementioned steps in the same manner welding intermediate layer fill weld seam, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit layer surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; This step suitably increase of weld current is 125A～145A, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and speed of welding is controlled between 260cm/min～300 cm/min;
F, cosmetic welding:
Welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and speed of welding is controlled between 250cm/min～280 cm/min; Rotate described gear part, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam all be in minimum point;
Further, weldering cosmetic welding first weld seam; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, make gear part tilt counterclockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, from step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, begin to rotate described gear part, along described gear part circumferencial direction welding; Cosmetic welding first weld seam should cover all the time backing welding first weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, weldering cosmetic welding second weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft, gear part is put vertically, continue again to make described gear part to tilt clockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, at step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, take with cosmetic welding first weld seam as identical mode, along described gear part circumferencial direction welding, be soldered cosmetic welding second weld seam; Equally, cosmetic welding second weld seam should cover all the time backing welding second weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line;
G, the type of repairing weld:
Adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc mainly facing to described gear part bore area overlay middle part, is swung welding gun, and the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is evenly high, and the antifriction bed thickness is 5～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
H, postwelding cooling:
After the described gear part welding of previous step is finished, rotating welding positioner trip shaft immediately, make the described gear part horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table, the normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period described gear part is sure not to contact water, oil or any liquid;
I, machine add:
With the method for machining the internal diameter of described gear part is worked into the specification requirement size of Element Design, obtains described finished product gear part with antifriction layer.
Further, described step D), E), F) in, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20 L/min;
Further, welding requirements: the temperature by infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root section temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the impact that molten pool metal flows.
Because adopt above-described technical scheme, the present invention can reach following beneficial effect:
1, of the present inventionly a kind ofly welds the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG
,Owing to adopted the low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW), effectively reduced sweating heat stress, reduced heat input and distortion, can guarantee that metallographic structure, mechanical performance and the physical dimension of manufactured gear, particularly tooth section do not change;
2, of the present inventionly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG
,With bore processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove groove, preweld cleaning zone to be welded, during welding with Gear tipping certain angle (similar fillet welding in the flat position), in welding process, pass through to regulate welding conditions, make the antifriction layer shape for preparing easy to control, moulding is full, and is combined firmly with matrix;
3, of the present inventionly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, adopt low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech to carry out built-up welding, the heat input in the time of can effectively controlling welding; And owing to make electrode with welding wire, can adopt high-density current, thereby filling metal deposition rate is fast, and deposition efficiency is high, and the practical application proof can be carried out the continuous welding operation, adopts on this basis automatically control, can be used for producing in enormous quantities, production efficiency improves more than 2 times at least than TIG weldering height, and economic benefit also significantly improves, and has propagable value.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is existing gear press mounting antifriction nested structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view;
Fig. 3 is gear process groove machining sketch chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the B of Fig. 3 is to view;
Fig. 5 is that gear of the present invention is fixed in positioner rotary table face schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the C of Fig. 5 is to view;
Fig. 7 is the gear of the present invention welding position schematic diagram that tilts to the inside;
Fig. 8 is the part of Fig. 7
IEnlarged drawing;
Fig. 9 is the gear of the present invention welding position schematic diagram that tilts laterally;
Figure 10 is the part of Fig. 9
IIEnlarged drawing;
Figure 11 is gear surfacing antifriction layer schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the D-D cutaway view of Figure 11.
Among the figure: 1, tooth section Quenched Gear; 2, antifriction cover; 3, holding screw; 4, processing technology groove gear; 5, seat formula positioner; 5a, positioner trip shaft; 6, positioner rotary table; 7, scroll chuck; 8, claw; 9, cushion block; 10, positioner control cabinet; 11, aluminium bronze welding wire; 12, antifriction material overlay cladding; 12a, first weld seam; 12b, second weld seam; 12c, the 3rd road weld seam; 12d, the 4th road weld seam; 12e, the 5th road weld seam; 12f, TIG weldering remelting trim layer.
For term in the clearer key-drawing, described:
∮ 1 , expression antifriction cover internal diameter size;
∮ 2 , the expression mechanical assembling method gear internal diameter size;
∮ 3 , expression outside diameter of gear size;
∮ 4 , expression welding method gear internal diameter size;
∮ 2 ', expression antifriction cover outside dimension;
t, expression gear width dimensions; H1, expression technology groove groove depth; H2, expression backing welding weldering height; H3, expression antifriction layer thickness;
γ, expression technology groove inclination angle;
α,
β, expression is respectively gear when welding inclination angle;
θ,
η, expression is respectively expression positioner workbench incline direction;
λ,
ω, expression is respectively positioner work table rotation direction;
δ, expression gear and antifriction overlap joint;
a,
bExpression is respectively gear face; Q, expression bore surface; Q1, expression overlay surface; Z, expression gear Z-direction central shaft; O, expression weld seam starting the arc minimum point; O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, expression are respectively each road weld seam arcing point mark.
Further: ∮ among the figure
1For having the gear internal diameter size of antifriction layer, and though namely with which kind of method behind bore surface preparation antifriction layer, matching with another part reaches the required specification requirement size of duty;
Further: ∮ among the figure
2/ ∮
2 'During for mechanical assembling method, gear internal diameter size ∮
2With the antifriction cover outside dimension ∮ that is interference fit with it
2 ', two size nominal dimensions are identical, and tolerance is the interference tolerance.
[specific embodiment]
Disclose purpose of the present invention and be intended to protect all changes and improvements in the scope of the invention.Can explain in more detail the present invention by following embodiment.
Weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG described in 3～10 by reference to the accompanying drawings, weld compound preparation bore surface antifriction layer with the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG, be specifically related to: finished edge gear 4, seat formula positioner 5, positioner trip shaft 5a, positioner rotary table 6, scroll chuck 7, claw 8, cushion block 9, positioner control cabinet 10.
Need to prove, provide an embodiment with gear as workpiece among the following embodiment, but the following gear of the present invention is not for restriction of the present invention, only as feasible embodiment as the understanding of this area for the method for the invention.
As the object step of the present invention that makes an explanation, the early-stage preparations operation during work is fixed in scroll chuck 7 on the positioner rotary table 6 first the below with gear, again with claw 8 finished edge gear 4 chuckings; Cushion block 9 places claw 8 and between the tooth of finished edge gear 4, prevents that the tooth of finished edge gear 4 is blocked damage; Handle a formula positioner 5 by positioner control cabinet 10, describedly place finished edge gear 4 boxings on its rotary table 6 to meet positioner trip shaft 5a but make, form best soldering supplying angle; Simultaneously, control finished edge gear 4 speeds of gyration, guarantee welding quality.
Describedly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, adopt the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG to weld compound preparation bore surface antifriction layer, step is as follows:
1), finished edge, see the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 3 and 4, with the method for machining, at bore surface Q processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove, groove depth h1 is 2mm, tilt angle gamma is 30 °, forms finished edge gear 4;
2), preweld cleaning, the bore area Q position to be welded of the described finished edge gear 4 that previous step is obtained and clearing up on every side, described cleanup step comprises the various ways such as mechanical chipping, flame cleaning and Chemical cleaning, and the below enumerates three kinds and for reference only clears up embodiment;
2.1), mechanical chipping wherein: namely use the endoporus position to be welded surface Q of finished edge gear 4 of wire brush and No. 20 sand paperings, remove the dirts such as oxide on surface, expose metallic luster;
2.2), flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of the endoporus of finished edge gear 4 position to be welded, temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃, to the position to be welded baking of finished edge gear 4 inner hole surface Q 5～10 minutes, stopped heating when blue by xanthochromia on the surface, endoporus position to be welded of finished edge gear 4, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface, air cooling is again heating after 5 minutes, heating schedule and mode are the same, remove the endoporus position to be welded moisture of finished edge gear 4, and will be finished edge gear 4 when machining, infiltrate the alveolar fluid clearances such as cutting fluid " cutting fluid herein contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, emulsification oils " at the matrix shallow-layer and water;
2.3), Chemical cleaning: namely clean with industrial pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene, thoroughly remove dirt and the impurity such as greasy dirt, oxide skin, corrosion of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q;
3), parts fixation is fixed, the embodiment that finished edge gear 4 after the previous step cleaning is provided in 5 and 6 by reference to the accompanying drawings, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, a rotary table of formula positioner 56 is horizontal, using scroll chuck 7 and cushion block 9 that finished edge gear 4 to be welded is the level of state equally is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a again makes the finished edge gear 4 that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6 be vertical duty at last;
4), backing welding, will be fixed in the backing welding that antifriction layer is finished in the low-yield MIG electronics of finished edge gear 4 usefulness soldering on the positioner rotary table 6; Weld high h2 and be about 1 mm～2 mm; The embodiment that provides in 7 and 8 by reference to the accompanying drawings, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, namely 5 °～10 °, control oneself finished edge gear 4 bore areas near a side " hereinafter referred to as the inboard " the minimum point O1 starting the arc of positioner rotary table 6, rotate simultaneously finished edge gear 4, along λ or the welding of ω circumferencial direction, should be noted that and observes finished edge gear 4 matrix surface Q that temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect and gets final product this moment; After being soldered inboard first weld seam 12a, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, finished edge gear 4 is put vertically first, continue again to make described finished edge gear 4 along η direction inclination β angle, be similarly 5 °～10 °, the embodiment that provides in 9 and 10 by reference to the accompanying drawings, at finished edge gear 4 bore areas away from a side " hereinafter referred to as the outside " the minimum point O2 starting the arc of positioner rotary table 6, in the mode identical with first weld seam 12a, along λ or the welding of ω circumferencial direction, be soldered outside second weld seam 12b; Wherein, welding current is 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is 21V～23V, and the gear rotary speed is 0.33rpm～0.37rpm;
5), fill weldering, previous step is finished the deposited of antifriction layer intermediate layer through the low-yield MIG electronics of the finished edge gear 4 usefulness soldering of backing welding; The embodiment that provides in 5,6 and 12 by reference to the accompanying drawings, finished edge gear 4 is vertically placed, make first and second road weld seam arcing point O1, O2 in the described step 4) all be in minimum point, electric arc is mainly faced toward the middle overlay of front twice weld seam 12a, 12b, from minimum point O3, with with step 4) in the same manner weld the 3rd road weld seam 12c, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit layer surface Q1, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect; This step suitably increase of weld current is 125A～145A, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are then reduced to 0.30rpm～0.35rpm;
6), cosmetic welding, previous step is used the welding method of low-yield MIG electronics soldering through backing welding, the finished edge gear 4 of filling weldering; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are adjusted into 0.29rpm～0.33rpm; The embodiment that provides in 7,8 and 12 by reference to the accompanying drawings, rotate finished edge gear 4, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam 12a, 12b, 12c all be in minimum point, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, namely 5 °～10 °, from the middle overlay minimum point O4 starting the arc of first weld seam 12a, the 3rd road weld seam 12c, beginning circumferential weld, the 4th road weld seam 12d should cover all the time first weld seam 12a and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; After being soldered a week, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, the embodiment that provides in 9,10 and 12 by reference to the accompanying drawings, make the finished edge gear along η direction inclination β angle, be similarly 5 °～10 °, in the middle overlay minimum point O5 starting the arc of second weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c, beginning circumferential weld the 5th road weld seam 12e; Equally, the 5th road weld seam 12e should cover all the time second weld seam 12b and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; The 4th road weld seam 12d, the 5th road weld seam 12e should be noted that built-up welding goes out the required corner angle of both ends of the surface;
7) repair the type weldering, with the finished edge gear 4 employing TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld 12fs of previous step through backing welding, filling weldering and cosmetic welding, do not add the filling silk; The embodiment that provides in 11 and 12 by reference to the accompanying drawings mainly facing to finished edge gear 4 bore area overlay middle parts, swings welding gun with electric arc, and the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is evenly high, and antifriction alloy bed thickness h3 is 5mm～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
8) postwelding cooling, the described finished edge of previous step gear 4 is passed through backing weldings, fills weldering, cosmetic welding and repaiies the postwelding gear of type weldering, need immediately rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make the described postwelding gear horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6, the normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period described gear 4 is sure not to contact water, oil or any liquid;
9) machine adds, and with the method for machining described postwelding gear internal diameter is worked into part specification requirement size ∮
1, obtain described workpiece with antifriction layer.
The step 4) of abovementioned steps, 5 wherein), 6) in, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20L/min; Welding requirements: the temperature by infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root section temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the impact that molten pool metal flows.
The below provides another embodiment; Continuation is a kind ofly welded the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG so that accompanying drawing example formal specification is of the present invention, welds the surperficial antifriction layer of compound preparation bore with the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG.
Model ZBXG160A-43 horizontal type double-side combinationtype miller is cut a gear, gear material: 20CrMnTi; Outside diameter of gear ∮
3: φ 360 mm; Internal diameter ∮
4: φ 265 mm, width t:20 mm; Tooth section is carburizing and quenching, hardness: HRC56～HRC62; The final specification requirement size of gear internal diameter ∮
1: φ 260 mm;
Another embodiment of the present invention is with aluminium bronze welding wire S214 built-up welding 5mm～thick anti-friction alloy material layer 12 of 7 mm on the bore surface.At this moment, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 6 L/min～8 L/min;
Check selected matching tooling equipment, reach the seat formula positioner 5 that has installed scroll chuck 7 and connect correct, intact errorless; Power-on is rotated the positioner trip shaft 5a of described seat formula positioner 5, and described positioner rotary table 6 is horizontal;
Selected welding machine is that German Cruise Welding Technology Co., Ltd manufactures and designs among the following embodiment of the present invention a full-numeralization contravariant formula pulse MIC that integrates the source of welding current/wire-feed motor/MAG Multifunctional cold arc-welding machine GLC333MC4 " gas-shielded welder ", welding gun is the MIG welding gun that this welding machine is specially joined; Use " cold arc-welding " technology of this welding machine to carry out the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics, be used in the built-up welding of gear part bore area and prepare the antifriction alloy layer, its bond strength and every mechanical performance index are enough to satisfy the service behaviour requirement of gear part; Because the welding arc of described full-numeralization contravariant formula pulse MIC/MAG Multifunctional cold arc-welding machine GLC333MC4 is comparatively stable, heat is concentrated, is splashed less, visibility is good, the overlay cladding shape is controlled easily, the present invention is as first-selection, but the present invention does not get rid of similar importer home-made model;
Concrete steps are as follows:
1), finished edge, see by reference to the accompanying drawings Fig. 3 or 4, with the method for machining, at bore surface Q processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove, suggestion groove depth h1 is 2mm in this example, tilt angle gamma is 30 °; Processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove groove can make that 4 overlay cladding both sides " gear face " moulding of finished edge gear are full;
2), preweld cleaning, namely to the bore area Q position to be welded of finished edge gear 4 and clear up on every side; Preweld cleaning zone to be welded can guarantee that the antifriction alloy layer is combined with matrix firmly;
2.1), mechanical chipping: namely use surface, finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded Q of wire brush and No. 20 sand paperings, remove oxide on surface and dirt, expose metallic luster;
2.2), flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded, temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃, to the position to be welded baking of finished edge gear 4 inner hole surface Q 5～10 minutes, stopped heating when finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q is blue by xanthochromia, control surface does not go out a severe oxidation phenomenon, air cooling is again heating after 5 minutes, heating schedule and mode are the same, remove finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded moisture, and will be finished edge gear 4 when machining, infiltrate cutting fluid at the matrix shallow-layer, the removings such as water;
2.3), Chemical cleaning: namely clean with industrial pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene cleans, thoroughly remove dirt and the impurity such as greasy dirt, oxide skin, corrosion of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q;
3), clamping finished edge gear 4, by reference to the accompanying drawings 5 or 6, the gear 4 of finished edge is placed horizontally on 6 of the rotary tables that formula positioner 5 is the level of state equally, clamp described finished edge gear 4 with scroll chuck 7, and use cushion block 9 to place claw 8 and between the tooth of finished edge gear 4, prevent that the tooth of finished edge gear 4 is blocked damage; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a makes the finished edge gear 4 that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6 be vertical duty again; Use seat formula positioner 5, and with scroll chuck 7 fixing described finished edge gears 4, be to carry out the continuous welding operation with low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech to adapt, easily be automated welding;
4), backing welding, namely finish the backing welding of antifriction material overlay cladding 12 with the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Weld high h2 and be about 1 mm～2 mm; Specifically see accompanying drawing 7,8 modes that provide, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make described finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, this example is 5 °～10 °, control oneself finished edge gear 4 bore areas near a side " hereinafter referred to as the inboard " the minimum point O1 starting the arc of positioner rotary table 6, rotate simultaneously finished edge gear 4, along the welding that " need to prove that this direction of rotation decides by operative employee's welding mode; protective gas is protected the high temperature welding bead " of λ or ω circumferencial direction, note to observe matrix surface Q this moment, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect and gets final product; After being soldered inboard first weld seam 12a " this moment, gear 4 should rotate a circle ", rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, gear is put vertically first, continue again to make finished edge gear 4 along η direction inclination β angle, be similarly 5 °～10 °, specifically see accompanying drawing 9, Figure 10, at finished edge gear 4 bore areas away from a side " hereinafter referred to as the outside " the minimum point O2 starting the arc of positioner rotary table 6, in the mode identical with first weld seam 12a, along λ or the welding of ω circumferencial direction, be soldered outside second weld seam 12b; Wherein, welding current is 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is 21V～23V, and the rotary speed of finished edge gear 4 is 0.33rpm～0.37rpm; Will finished edge gear 4 to be along θ or η direction tilt alpha or β angle during welding, similar fillet welding in the flat position can make overlay cladding both sides " gear face " moulding full;
5), fill weldering, continue the mode with little standard welding, use the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics to finish the deposited of antifriction alloy layer intermediate layer; Finished edge gear 4 is vertically placed, by reference to the accompanying drawings 5,6 and 12, make that first and second road weld seam arcing point O1, O2 all are in minimum point in the step 4), the middle overlay that electric arc is mainly faced toward front twice first weld seam 12a and second weld seam 12b, from minimum point O3, weld the 3rd road weld seam 12c with the step 4) same method, at this moment will note observing first and second road weld deposit layer surface Q1, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect; This step suitably increase of weld current is 125A～145A, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are then reduced to 0.30rpm～0.35rpm;
6), cosmetic welding, welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are adjusted into 0.29rpm～0.33rpm; Rotate described finished edge gear 4, make the arcing point of the described first weld seam of first three road weld seam 12a, second weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c all be in minimum point, by reference to the accompanying drawings 7,8 and 12, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, this example is 5 °～10 °, the middle overlay minimum point O4 starting the arc from first weld seam 12a and the 3rd road weld seam 12c, beginning circumferential weld, the 4th road weld seam 12d should cover all the time first weld seam 12a and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; After one week was soldered, by reference to the accompanying drawings 9,10 and 12, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make described finished edge gear 4 along η direction inclination β angle, be similarly 5 °～10 °, in the middle overlay minimum point O5 starting the arc of second weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c, beginning circumferential weld the 5th road weld seam 12e; Equally, the 5th road weld seam 12e should cover all the time second weld seam 12b and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; The 4th road weld seam 12d, the 5th road weld seam 12e will notice that built-up welding goes out the required corner angle of both ends of the surface;
7), finishing appearance of weld; By reference to the accompanying drawings 11,12, adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld 12f, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc is mainly faced toward finished edge gear 4 bore area overlay middle parts, swing welding gun, the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is high even, and antifriction alloy bed thickness h3 is 5mm～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min; TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld does not add and fills silk, adopts the rationally technological measures such as pendulum rifle, rapid welding during welding, can guarantee thickness and the uniform in shaping of overlay cladding;
8), postwelding cooling, the described finished edge of previous step gear 4 is passed through backing weldings, fills weldering, cosmetic welding and repaiies the postwelding gear of type weldering, need immediately rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, make the postwelding gear horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table, air cooling is sure not to contact water, wet goods liquid before being chilled to room temperature;
9), machine adds, with the method for machining postwelding gear internal diameter is worked into Element Design and requires size ∮
1Obtain described workpiece with antifriction layer.
The embodiment that selects in this article in order to disclose purpose of the present invention currently thinks to suit, but will be appreciated that, the present invention is intended to comprise that all belong to all changes and the improvement of the interior embodiment of this design and the scope of the invention.
Part not in the detailed description of the invention is prior art.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is welded the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, comprise and adopt MIG electronics soldering and TIG to weld compound preparation gear part bore area antifriction layer, it is characterized in that: the soldering of described MIG electronics is a kind of low-yield MIG electronics method for welding based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW), be that the bore area built-up welding of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth section of low-carbon alloy steel is when preparing antifriction layer in described material, welding wire is sent to continuously and is melted, and the gear part basal body interface does not melt, the welding wire of fusing forms liquid film at the gear part basal body interface, the liquid film atom spreads to the gear part matrix, and gear part matrix atom dissolves and diffusion in liquid film, welding wire and the formation of gear part matrix of fusing are dissolved each other, realize welding wire and the two interatomic good combination of gear part, solidify firmly binder course of rear formation until liquid phase, this unstable state diffusion process easily on the surface and crystal boundary preferentially carry out, what the higher diffusion process of temperature was carried out is more fast more abundant;
The concrete grammar of described preparation antifriction layer, comprise the steps: finished edge → preweld cleaning → parts fixation fix → backing welding → filling weldering → cosmetic welding → repair type weldering → postwelding cooling → machine adds and obtains finished product;
A, finished edge:
Gear part is fixed, adopted conventional turning equipment, process " ︻ " trapezoidal groove at the bore area of gear part, groove depth is controlled between 1.0mm～2.5 mm, and wherein the both sides pitch angle control is between 25 ° and 35 °;
B, preweld cleaning:
The gear part inner hole surface residue of previous step processing is cleared up, and described residue comprises burr, the chip that adds man-hour;
The cleaning of described residue comprises mechanical chipping, flame cleaning or three kinds of modes of Chemical cleaning;
C, parts fixation are fixed:
Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, the rotary table face of a formula positioner is horizontal, then utilizing scroll chuck and cushion block that gear part to be welded is the level of state equally is fixed on the positioner rotary table, rotating welding positioner trip shaft again makes the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table be vertical duty at last;
D, backing welding:
Use the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics to finish the backing welding of antifriction layer;
Wherein, the weldering height is between 1 mm～2 mm, and welding current is between 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is between 21V～23V, adjusts positioner revolution rotating speed, and speed of welding is controlled between 280cm/min～320 cm/min;
Further, during weldering first weld seam, rotating welding positioner trip shaft, make the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table face tilt counterclockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, near a side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the inboard " the minimum point starting the arc, the rotary teeth wheel-class parts welds along the gear part circumferencial direction simultaneously from the gear part bore area, note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, be soldered " namely gear part rotates a circle " behind the inboard first weld seam, elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft, gear part is placed as vertically, continue again to make gear part to tilt clockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, at the gear part bore area away from the opposite side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the outside " the minimum point starting the arc, in the mode identical with aforementioned weldering first weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, be soldered outside second weld seam;
Wherein, when wider " width is more than 20mm " phenomenon appears in described gear part bore area, need between inboard, outer side weld, to continue built-up welding; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft is put vertical welding with gear part; The minimum point starting the arc in the middle of first and second road weld seam of gear part bore area in the mode identical with aforementioned weldering first weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, is soldered the 3rd road backing weld seam; The like, progressively be soldered all welding beads of bottoming, note observing matrix surface this moment, guarantee continuity and welding continuously every or the part built-up welding occurs and cause solder joint too high;
E, filling weldering:
Use the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics to finish the deposited of antifriction layer intermediate layer; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, described gear part is vertically placed, make the centre position of first and second road weld seam arcing point in the previous step be in minimum point, electric arc is mainly faced toward the middle overlay of front twice weld seam, from minimum point, with with abovementioned steps in the same manner welding intermediate layer fill weld seam, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit layer surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; This step suitably increase of weld current is 125A～145A, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and speed of welding is controlled between 260cm/min～300 cm/min;
F, cosmetic welding:
Welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and speed of welding is controlled between 250cm/min～280 cm/min; Rotate described gear part, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam all be in minimum point;
Further, weldering cosmetic welding first weld seam; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft, make gear part tilt counterclockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, from step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, begin to rotate described gear part, along described gear part circumferencial direction welding; Cosmetic welding first weld seam should cover all the time backing welding first weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, weldering cosmetic welding second weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft, gear part is put vertically, continue again to make described gear part to tilt clockwise between 5 °～10 ° around trip shaft, at step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, take with cosmetic welding first weld seam as identical mode, along described gear part circumferencial direction welding, be soldered cosmetic welding second weld seam; Equally, cosmetic welding second weld seam should cover all the time backing welding second weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line;
G, the type of repairing weld:
Adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc mainly facing to described gear part bore area overlay middle part, is swung welding gun, and the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is evenly high, and the antifriction bed thickness is 5～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
H, postwelding cooling:
After the described gear part welding of previous step is finished, rotating welding positioner trip shaft immediately, make the described gear part horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table, the normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period described gear part is sure not to contact water, oil or any liquid;
I, machine add:
With the method for machining the internal diameter of described gear part is worked into the specification requirement size of Element Design, obtains described finished product gear part with antifriction layer.
2. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, it is characterized in that: described mechanical chipping: use wire brush and surface, No. 20 sand papering gear part endoporus positions to be welded, remove oxide on surface and dirt, be advisable to expose metallic luster.
3. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, it is characterized in that: described flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of gear part endoporus position to be welded, temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃, between gear part inner hole surface position to be welded baking 5～10 minutes, stopped heating when the gear part bore area is blue by xanthochromia, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface, air cooling is again heating after at least 5 minutes, heating schedule and mode are the same, remove gear part surface moisture, and gear part infiltrated when the machining at cutting fluid " cutting fluid herein contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, the emulsification oily substance " and the water of matrix shallow-layer remove totally.
4. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, it is characterized in that: described Chemical cleaning: use technical pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene to clean, remove greasy dirt and the impurity on surface, gear part endoporus position to be welded.
5. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing antifriction layer with the soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, it is characterized in that: described step D), E), F) in, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20 L/min; Welding requirements: the temperature by infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root section temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the impact that molten pool metal flows.
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| CN102896591B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Material distributing device and material distributing method of grinding wheel of brass solder diamond high speed rail plate |
| CN102896394A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-30 | 郑州市嵩阳煤机制造有限公司 | Welding method of medium-carbon alloy high-tensile structural steel |
| CN105855663A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 李炳涛 | New method for surfacing coating composite welding |
| CN110815504B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-01-14 | 佛山市石湾陶瓷工业研究所有限公司 | Processing technology of ceramic tile stamping die |
| CN113334658A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-03 | 焦作市德邦科技有限公司 | Production process of ceramic bead wear-resistant conveying belt |
| CN113977423A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 德清勤龙磨床制造有限公司 | Numerical control vertical double-grinding head multifunctional grinding machine |
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