CN102398099A - Method using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce antiwear layer - Google Patents
Method using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce antiwear layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method using metal-inert gas welding (MIG) electronic soldering and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) to compositely produce an antiwear layer belongs to the technical field of producing anti-adhesive and antiwear material layers through metal surface overlaying, adopts the MIG electronic soldering and the TIG to compositely produce an antiwear layer of the inner bore surface of a workpiece, and comprises the steps of groove processing, preweld cleaning, part clamping and fixing, backing welding, padding welding, cosmetic welding, shaping welding, postwelding cooling and machining. The MIG electronic soldering and the TIG are adopted to compositely produce the antiwear layers on the inner bore surfaces of the low carbon alloy steel gear like parts with quenched tooth parts, the bonding strength of the antiwear layer with a basal body can be ensured, the heat input quantity during the welding is effectively controlled at the same time, the low deposition efficiency problem of the antiwear layer is solved, and the physical dimension, the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of the tooth parts are also ensured not to change, so the production efficiency and the economic benefit are greatly improved.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to the metal surface built-up welding and prepare the technical field of anti stickness lost material layer; Relating in particular to a kind of is the method that the hard-tempered gear part bore area of the tooth portion of low-carbon alloy steel is made the antifriction layer in material, is specifically related to a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG.
[background technology]
In the machine-building, often need prepare the antifriction layer, reduce frictional dissipation, improve the friction pair service efficiency, improve the service behaviour of part, prolong its service life, finally guarantee the high-performance operation of equipment at two piece surfaces that slide relatively.The antifriction layer has been optimized tribological property, can make the friction factor value lower and in friction process amplitude of variation very little, thereby obtained widely using.For example, at the machine driving gearbox that every profession and trade is used widely, its change-speed gearing need on axle frequent slide with obtain different speed ratios, slide lightly steadily be guarantee that speed change is lightly stable, one of the key factor of low noise; Therefore the change-speed gearing bore area of being everlasting prepares the antifriction layer, to obtain good speed change and transmission effect.
Through technology retrieval discovery in recent years, the preparation method to the antifriction layer studied more.At present, prepare the method for antifriction layer, mainly contain following two kinds at the bore area of gear part:
A, mechanical assembling method:
In conjunction with structure shown in Fig. 1 or 2 of Figure of description, this method is to make an external diameter ∮
2 'With gear (1) internal orifice dimension ∮
2The antifriction cover (2) that is interference fit, two part width t are consistent.With external force and fitter's tool it is headed in gear (1) endoporus then; Make antifriction cover (2) be set in gear part (1) endoporus; It is concordant to adjust two part end faces; End face a or b from this assembling component evenly distributes along two part joint δ circumference with several holding screws (3) at last, and the junction of the edges of two sheets of paper is fixed " just the screw of holding screw (3) is separately positioned on the inner hole wall of antifriction cover (2) exterior face and gear (1) ".
The characteristics of this method are: all manufacturing process only relates to mechanical processing technique and assembly technology, and the height of operative employee's technical merit is little to the influence of product quality, and can produce in batches, and pipelining is used widely in actual production.
Yet; Weak point is: the antifriction cover in the preceding method is as the independent part of design, obtain through machining, and this method only is suitable for the gear internal diameter smaller or equal to the pinion of φ 300mm etc.; The gear internal diameter size is during greater than φ 300mm; The antifriction cover difficulty of the big footpath of existence thin-walled is manufactured, assembly quality is difficult to guarantee, mainly shows as easy loosening, antifriction cover distortion, influences shortcomings such as precision and crudy.
B, fusing welding method:
This method is that the method with built-up welding prepares certain thickness antifriction layer on the bore surface, and then with the method for machining the gear internal diameter is worked into required part specification requirement size.
The characteristics of this method are: the fusing welding method can make antifriction layer and gear matrix bond more reliable.Application at present mainly is manual electric arc welding and TIG weldering.Compare manual electric arc welding, TIG weldering protection is effective, and visibility is high, arc stability, and it is little to splash, and the overlay cladding shape is controlled easily, and the antifriction layer quality of preparation is good.During welding, electrode and arc region and deposite metal all are among the argon shield, and be isolated with air, so the alloying element in parent metal and the filling metal is difficult for oxidization burning loss.Lower dilution rate has also guaranteed welding point binding ability preferably during the TIG welding.It is to solve a kind of effective processing method that big-and-middle-sized milling type gear part bore area prepares the antifriction layer now.
Yet weak point is: hot input quantity is big during manual electric arc welding fusing built-up welding, controls the bad tooth portion distortion that is prone to cause, metallographic structure and mechanical performance also change even; And the frequent discontinuous welding of taking based on reducing the heat input has reduced production efficiency.TIG weldering is because bath temperature and heat affected area temperature height, for the hard-tempered gear part of tooth portion, the metallographic structure of hard-tempered tooth portion, processing dimension and mechanical performance changed; Simultaneously, because the current capacity of tungsten electrode is limited, arc power is restricted, and causes weld penetration shallow, and discontinuous welding causes speed of welding low, even produces weld defect, certainly will reduce production efficiency like this, and welding quality is very unstable.
What need further specify is, above-mentioned two kinds of welding methods are manual operations, and welder's operative skill level directly has influence on the quality of product, and the not high and very difficult control of yield rate finally causes production efficiency and economic benefit uncontrollable.
By on can know, above-mentioned two kinds of methods at bore surface preparation antifriction layer, though; Exist some beneficial effects within the specific limits; Also once in the application process of reality, have ever made some positive contributions, still, is the preparation of bore area antifriction layer low-carbon alloy steel, the hard-tempered gear part of tooth portion to material; How can guarantee antifriction layer and matrix reliable connection; Physical dimension, metallographic structure and the mechanical performance that can guarantee tooth portion in the preparation process again do not change, and also have higher production efficiency simultaneously, but do not see breakthrough so far; And this type of part is very broad in the use of every field, thereby has become a difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
[summary of the invention]
For overcoming the background technology deficiency; The invention discloses and a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; The method of the invention is bore area low-carbon alloy steel, the hard-tempered gear part of tooth portion in material, welds compound preparation antifriction layer method through adopting MIG electronics soldering and TIG, when guaranteeing antifriction layer and substrate combinating strength; Hot input quantity during through the control welding; Overcome the low problem of antifriction layer deposition efficiency, the method for the invention has guaranteed that physical dimension, metallographic structure and the mechanical performance of tooth portion do not change, and production efficiency and remarkable in economical benefits raising.
In order to realize said goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; Comprise and adopt MIG electronics soldering and TIG to weld compound preparation gear part bore area antifriction layer, the soldering of described MIG electronics is a kind of low-yield MIG electronics method for welding based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW), is that the bore area built-up welding of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth portion of low-carbon alloy steel is when preparing the antifriction layer in said material; Welding wire is sent to continuously and is melted; And the gear part basal body interface does not melt, and the welding wire of fusing forms liquid film at the gear part basal body interface, and the liquid film atom spreads to the gear part matrix; And gear part matrix atom dissolves in liquid film and diffusion; The welding wire and the formation of gear part matrix of fusing are dissolved each other, realize welding wire and the two interatomic good combination of gear part, treat to form firm binder course after liquid phase is solidified; This unstable state diffusion process is prone on the surface and crystal boundary preferentially carries out, and it is abundant more more soon that the high more diffusion process of temperature is carried out.
The concrete grammar of said preparation antifriction layer, comprise the steps: finished edge → preweld cleaning → parts fixation fix → backing welding → filling weldering → cosmetic welding → repair type weldering → postwelding cooling → machine adds and obtains finished product;
A, finished edge:
Gear part is fixed, adopted conventional turning equipment, process " ︻ " trapezoidal groove at the bore area of gear part, groove depth is controlled between 1.0mm～2.5 mm, and wherein two angles of heel are controlled between 25 ° and 35 °;
B, preweld cleaning:
The gear part inner hole surface residue of last step processing is cleared up, and said residue comprises burr, the chip that adds man-hour;
The cleaning of said residue comprises mechanical chipping, flame cleaning or three kinds of modes of Chemical cleaning;
Wherein said mechanical chipping: use wire brush and surface, No. 20 sand papering gear part endoporus positions to be welded, remove oxide on surface and dirt, be advisable to expose metallic luster;
Wherein said flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of gear part endoporus position to be welded; Temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃; Between gear part inner hole surface position to be welded baking 5～10 minutes, when the gear part bore area is blue by xanthochromia, stop heating, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface; Air cooling is heating once more after at least 5 minutes; Heating schedule and mode are the same, remove gear part surface moisture, and gear part are infiltrated in the cutting fluid " the cutting fluid here contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, the emulsification oily substance " of matrix shallow-layer when the machining remove totally with water;
Wherein said Chemical cleaning: use technical pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene to clean, remove the greasy dirt and the impurity on surface, gear part endoporus position to be welded;
C, parts fixation are fixed:
Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; The rotary table face of a formula positioner is horizontal; Utilizing scroll chuck and cushion block that gear part to be welded is the level of state equally then is fixed on the positioner rotary table; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft once more makes the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table be vertical duty at last;
D, backing welding:
Use low-yield MIG electronics soldering to accomplish the backing welding of antifriction layer;
Wherein, the weldering height is between 1 mm～2 mm, and welding current is between 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is between 21V～23V, and adjustment positioner revolution rotating speed is controlled between 280cm/min～320 cm/min speed of welding;
Further, when welding the first road weld seam, rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Make the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table face tilt between 5 °～10 ° counterclockwise around trip shaft; Near a side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the inboard " the minimum point starting the arc, the rotary teeth wheel-class parts welds along the gear part circumferencial direction simultaneously from the gear part bore area; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further; Welded " just gear part rotates a circle " behind the inboard first road weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft is placed as gear part vertically, continues to make gear part to tilt between 5 °～10 ° clockwise around trip shaft again; At the gear part bore area away from the opposite side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the outside " the minimum point starting the arc; With with the identical mode of the aforementioned weldering first road weld seam, along gear part circumferencial direction welding, the second road weld seam outside weld;
Wherein, when broad " width is more than 20mm " phenomenon appears in said gear part bore area, need between inboard, outer side weld, to continue built-up welding; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft is put vertical welding with gear part; Minimum point starting the arc in the middle of first and second road of gear part bore area weld seam, with the identical mode of the aforementioned weldering first road weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, welded the 3rd road backing weld seam; And the like, progressively welded all welding beads that feel secure, note observing matrix surface this moment, the separated continuously or part of assurance continuity and welding built-up welding occurs and causes solder joint too high;
E, filling weldering:
Using low-yield MIG electronics soldering to accomplish the molten of antifriction layer intermediate layer applies; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Said gear part is vertically placed, made the centre position of first and second road weld seam arcing point in the last step be in minimum point, electric arc is mainly faced toward the middle overlay of preceding twice weld seam; Begin from minimum point; With with abovementioned steps in the same manner welding intermediate layer fill weld seam, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit laminar surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; It is 125A～145A that this step can suitably increase welding current, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and speed of welding is controlled between 260cm/min～300 cm/min;
F, cosmetic welding:
Welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and speed of welding is controlled between 250cm/min～280 cm/min; Rotate said gear part, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam all be in minimum point;
Further, the weldering cosmetic welding first road weld seam; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Make gear part tilt between 5 °～10 ° counterclockwise around trip shaft; From step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, begin to rotate said gear part, along said gear part circumferencial direction welding; The cosmetic welding first road weld seam should cover all the time the backing welding first road weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, the weldering cosmetic welding second road weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Gear part is put vertically; Continue to make said gear part to tilt between 5 °～10 °, clockwise again at step D around trip shaft), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, being identical mode with the cosmetic welding first road weld seam; Along said gear part circumferencial direction welding, welded the cosmetic welding second road weld seam; Equally, the cosmetic welding second road weld seam should cover all the time the backing welding second road weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line;
G, the type of repairing weld:
Adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc mainly facing to said gear part bore area overlay middle part, is swung welding gun, and the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is evenly high, and the antifriction bed thickness is 5～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
H, postwelding cooling:
After the said gear part welding of a last step is accomplished; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft immediately; Make the said gear part horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table; The normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period said gear part is sure not contact with water, oil or any liquid;
I, machine add:
With the method for machining the internal diameter of said gear part is worked into the specification requirement size of Element Design, obtains said finished product gear part with antifriction layer.
Further, said step D), E), F) in, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20 L/min;
Further, welding requirements: the temperature through infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root portion temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the influence that molten pool metal flows.
Because adopt above-described technical scheme, the present invention can reach following beneficial effect:
1, of the present inventionly a kind ofly welds the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG
,Owing to adopted low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW); Effectively reduced sweating heat stress; Reduced hot input quantity and distortion, can guarantee that metallographic structure, mechanical performance and the physical dimension of manufactured gear, particularly tooth portion do not change;
2, of the present inventionly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG
,With bore processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove groove, preweld cleaning zone to be welded, during welding with Gear tipping certain angle (similar fillet welding in the flat position); In welding process, pass through to regulate welding conditions; Make the antifriction layer shape for preparing easy to control, moulding is full, and firm with matrix bond;
3, of the present inventionly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer, adopt low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech to carry out built-up welding, the hot input quantity in the time of can effectively controlling welding with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; And owing to make electrode, can adopt high-density current, thereby filling metal deposition rate is fast with welding wire; And deposition efficiency is high, and the practical application proof can be carried out the continuous welding operation, adopts control automatically on this basis; Can be used for producing in enormous quantities; Production efficiency improves more than 2 times than TIG weldering height at least, and economic benefit also significantly improves, and has propagable value.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 press-fits antifriction nested structure sketch map for existing gear;
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view;
Fig. 3 is gear process groove processing sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the B of Fig. 3 is to view;
Fig. 5 is fixed in positioner rotary table face sketch map for gear of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is that the C of Fig. 5 is to view;
Fig. 7 is the gear of the present invention welding position sketch map that tilts to the inside;
Fig. 8 is the part of Fig. 7
IEnlarged drawing;
Fig. 9 is a gear outward inclining of the present invention welding position sketch map;
Figure 10 is the part of Fig. 9
IIEnlarged drawing;
Figure 11 is a gear built-up welding antifriction layer sketch map of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the D-D cutaway view of Figure 11.
Among the figure: 1, the tooth portion gear that quenched; 2, antifriction cover; 3, holding screw; 4, processing technology groove gear; 5, seat formula positioner; 5a, positioner trip shaft; 6, positioner rotary table; 7, scroll chuck; 8, claw; 9, cushion block; 10, positioner control cabinet; 11, aluminium bronze welding wire; 12, antifriction material overlay cladding; 12a, the first road weld seam; 12b, the second road weld seam; 12c, the 3rd road weld seam; 12d, the 4th road weld seam; 12e, the 5th road weld seam; 12f, TIG weldering remelting trim layer.
For term in the clearer key-drawing, said:
∮ 1 , expression antifriction cover internal diameter size;
∮ 2 , the expression mechanical assembling method gear internal diameter size;
∮ 3 , expression outside diameter of gear size;
∮ 4 , expression welding method gear internal diameter size;
∮ 2 ', expression antifriction cover outside dimension;
t, expression gear width dimensions; H1, expression technology groove groove depth; H2, expression backing welding weldering height; H3, expression antifriction layer thickness;
γ, expression technology groove inclination angle;
α,
β, expression is respectively gear when welding inclination angle;
θ,
η, expression is respectively expression positioner table inclination direction;
λ,
ω, expression is respectively positioner work table rotation direction;
δ, expression gear and antifriction overlap joint;
a,
bExpression is respectively gear face; Q, expression bore surface; Q1, expression overlay surface; Z, expression gear Z are to central shaft; O, expression weld seam starting the arc minimum point; O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, expression are respectively each road weld seam arcing point mark.
Further: ∮ among the figure
1For having the gear internal diameter size of antifriction layer, and though promptly with which kind of method behind bore surface preparation antifriction layer, matching with another part reaches the required specification requirement size of duty;
Further: ∮ among the figure
2/ ∮
2 'During for mechanical assembling method, gear internal diameter size ∮
2With the antifriction cover outside dimension ∮ that is interference fit with it
2 ', two size nominal dimensions are identical, and tolerance is the interference tolerance.
[specific embodiment]
Open the object of the invention is intended to protect all variations and the improvement in the scope of the invention.Can explain the present invention in more detail through following embodiment.
In conjunction with welding the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG described in the accompanying drawing 3～10; Weld compound preparation bore surface antifriction layer with soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG, be specifically related to: finished edge gear 4, seat formula positioner 5, positioner trip shaft 5a, positioner rotary table 6, scroll chuck 7, claw 8, cushion block 9, positioner control cabinet 10.
Need to prove, provide an embodiment with gear as workpiece among the following embodiment, but the following gear of the present invention is not for qualification of the present invention, only as feasible embodiment as the understanding of this area for the method for the invention.
Below with gear as the object step of the present invention that makes an explanation, the early-stage preparations operation during work is fixed in scroll chuck 7 on the positioner rotary table 6 earlier, tightens with claw 8 finished edge gear 4 again; Cushion block 9 places claw 8 and between the tooth of finished edge gear 4, prevents that the tooth of finished edge gear 4 is blocked damage; Handle a formula positioner 5 through positioner control cabinet 10, saidly place the gear of finished edge 4 boxings on its rotary table 6 to meet positioner trip shaft 5a, form best welding angle but make; Simultaneously, control finished edge gear 4 speeds of gyration, guarantee welding quality.
Describedly a kind ofly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG, adopt soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG to weld compound preparation bore surface antifriction layer, step is following:
1), finished edge, see the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 3 and 4, with the method for machining, Q processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove on bore surface, groove depth h1 is 2mm, tilt angle gamma is 30 °, forms finished edge gear 4;
2), preweld cleaning; The bore area Q position to be welded of the said gear of finished edge 4 that a last step is obtained and clearing up on every side; Said cleanup step comprises multiple modes such as mechanical chipping, flame cleaning and Chemical cleaning, enumerates three kinds below and for reference only clears up embodiment;
2.1), mechanical chipping wherein: promptly use wire brush and No. 20 sand paperings endoporus position to be welded surface Q of finished edge gear 4, remove dirts such as oxide on surface, expose metallic luster;
2.2), flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the endoporus position to be welded surface 100mm～200mm of finished edge gear 4; Temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃; To the position to be welded baking of finished edge gear 4 inner hole surface Q 5～10 minutes, stop heating by xanthochromia when blue on the surface, endoporus position to be welded of finished edge gear 4, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface; Air cooling is heating once more after 5 minutes; Heating schedule and mode are the same, remove the endoporus position to be welded moisture of finished edge gear 4, and will be finished edge gear 4 when machining, infiltrate alveolar fluid clearances such as cutting fluid " the cutting fluid here contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, emulsification oils " and water at the matrix shallow-layer;
2.3), Chemical cleaning: promptly clean, thoroughly remove dirt and the impurity such as greasy dirt, oxide skin, corrosion of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q with industrial pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene;
3), parts fixation is fixed; The gear of finished edge 4 after the cleaning of a last step combined the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 5 and 6; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a; A rotary table of formula positioner 56 is horizontal; Use scroll chuck 7 and cushion block 9 that the gear of finished edge 4 to be welded is the level of state equally and be fixed on the positioner rotary table 6, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a once more makes the gear of finished edge 4 that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6 be vertical duty at last;
4), backing welding, will be fixed in the backing welding that the antifriction layer is accomplished in the low-yield MIG electronics of the gear of finished edge 4 usefulness soldering on the positioner rotary table 6; Weld high h2 and be about 1 mm～2 mm; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 7 and 8; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a; Make finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, promptly 5 °～10 °, finished edge gear 4 bore areas of controlling oneself are near a side of positioner rotary table 6 " below be called the inboard " the minimum point O1 starting the arc; Rotate finished edge gear 4 simultaneously; Along the welding of λ or ω circumferencial direction, should be noted that this moment observes finished edge gear 4 matrix surface Q, and temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect and gets final product; After having welded the inboard first road weld seam 12a; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a, finished edge gear 4 is put vertically earlier, continues to make the said gear of finished edge 4 along η direction inclination β angle again; Be similarly 5 °～10 °; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 9 and 10, at finished edge gear 4 bore areas away from a side of positioner rotary table 6 " below be called the outside " the minimum point O2 starting the arc, with the identical mode of the first road weld seam 12a; Along λ or the welding of ω circumferencial direction, welded the outside second road weld seam 12b; Wherein, welding current is 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is 21V～23V, and the gear rotary speed is 0.33rpm～0.37rpm;
5), fill weldering, with of molten the applying of a last step through the low-yield MIG electronics of the gear of the finished edge 4 usefulness soldering completion antifriction layer intermediate layer of backing welding; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 5,6 and 12; Finished edge gear 4 is vertically placed, makes first and second road weld seam arcing point O1, O2 in the said step 4) all be in minimum point, and electric arc is mainly faced toward preceding twice weld seam 12a, the middle overlay of 12b; O3 begins from minimum point; With with step 4) in the same manner weld the 3rd road weld seam 12c, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit laminar surface Q1, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect; It is 125A～145A that this step can suitably increase welding current, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are then reduced to 0.30rpm～0.35rpm;
6), cosmetic welding, a last step is used the welding method of low-yield MIG electronics soldering through backing welding, the gear of finished edge 4 of filling weldering; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are adjusted into 0.29rpm～0.33rpm; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 7,8 and 12, rotate finished edge gear 4, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam 12a, 12b, 12c all be in minimum point; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a; Make finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, promptly 5 °～10 °, from the middle overlay minimum point O4 starting the arc of the first road weld seam 12a, the 3rd road weld seam 12c; Beginning circumference weldering, the 4th road weld seam 12d should cover all the time the first road weld seam 12a and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; After having welded a week; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 9,10 and 12, making, the finished edge gear is similarly 5 °～10 ° along η direction inclination β angle; In the middle overlay minimum point O5 starting the arc of the second road weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c, the beginning circumference welds the 5th road weld seam 12e; Equally, the 5th road weld seam 12e should cover all the time the second road weld seam 12b and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; The 4th road weld seam 12d, the 5th road weld seam 12e should be noted that built-up welding goes out the required corner angle of both ends of the surface;
7) repair the type weldering,, do not add the filling silk the gear of the finished edge 4 employing TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld 12f of a last step through backing welding, filling weldering and cosmetic welding; In conjunction with the embodiment that provides in accompanying drawing 11 and 12, electric arc is mainly faced toward finished edge gear 4 bore area overlay middle parts, the swing welding gun, the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is high even, antifriction alloy bed thickness h3 is 5mm～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
8) postwelding cooling; The said finished edge of last step gear 4 is passed through backing weldings, fills weldering, cosmetic welding and repaiies the postwelding gear of type weldering; Need rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a immediately; Make the said postwelding gear horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6, the normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period said gear 4 is sure not contact with water, oil or any liquid;
9) machine adds, and with the method for machining said postwelding gear internal diameter is worked into part specification requirement size ∮
1, obtain said workpiece with antifriction layer.
The step 4) of abovementioned steps, 5 wherein), 6) in, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20L/min; Welding requirements: the temperature through infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root portion temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the influence that molten pool metal flows.
Provide another embodiment below; Continuation is a kind ofly welded the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG so that accompanying drawing example formal specification is according to the invention, welds the surperficial antifriction layer of compound preparation bore with soldering of low-yield MIG electronics and TIG.
Model ZBXG160A-43 horizontal type double-side combinationtype miller is cut a gear, gear material: 20CrMnTi; Outside diameter of gear ∮
3: φ 360 mm; Internal diameter ∮
4: φ 265 mm, width t:20 mm; Tooth portion is carburizing and quenching, hardness: HRC56～HRC62; The final specification requirement size of gear internal diameter ∮
1: φ 260 mm;
Another embodiment of the present invention is with aluminium bronze welding wire S214 built-up welding 5mm～thick anti-friction alloy material layer 12 of 7 mm on the bore surface.At this moment, gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 6 L/min～8 L/min;
The inspection supporting tooling device of selecting for use reaches the seat formula positioner 5 that has installed scroll chuck 7 and connects correct, intact errorless; Power-on is rotated the positioner trip shaft 5a of said seat formula positioner 5, and said positioner rotary table 6 is horizontal;
The welding machine of selecting for use is a multi-functional cold arc-welding machine GLC333MC4 of full-numeralization contravariant formula pulse MIC/MAG " gas-shielded welder " that integrates the source of welding current/wire-feed motor that this Welding Technology Co., Ltd of German Crewe manufactures and designs among the following embodiment of the present invention, and welding gun is the MIG welding gun that this welding machine is specially joined; Use " cold arc-welding " technology of this welding machine to carry out the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics, be used in the built-up welding of gear part bore area and prepare the antifriction alloy layer, its bond strength and each item mechanical performance index are enough to satisfy the service behaviour requirement of gear part; Because the welding arc of the multi-functional cold arc-welding machine GLC333MC4 of said full-numeralization contravariant formula pulse MIC/MAG is comparatively stable; Heat is concentrated, is splashed less, visibility is good, the overlay cladding shape is controlled easily; The present invention is as first-selection, but the present invention does not get rid of similar importer home-made model;
Concrete steps are following:
1), finished edge, see Fig. 3 or 4 in conjunction with accompanying drawing, with the method for machining, Q processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove on bore surface, suggestion groove depth h1 is 2mm in this example, tilt angle gamma is 30 °; Processing " ︻ " trapezoidal groove groove can make that 4 overlay cladding both sides " gear face " moulding of finished edge gear are full;
2), preweld cleaning, promptly to the bore area Q position to be welded of finished edge gear 4 and clear up on every side; Preweld cleaning zone to be welded can guarantee that antifriction alloy layer and matrix bond are firm;
2.1), mechanical chipping: promptly use wire brush and No. 20 sand paperings surface, finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded Q, remove oxide on surface and dirt, expose metallic luster;
2.2), flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded; Temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃; To the position to be welded baking of finished edge gear 4 inner hole surface Q 5～10 minutes, when finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q is blue by xanthochromia, stop heating, control surface does not go out a severe oxidation phenomenon; Air cooling is heating once more after 5 minutes; Heating schedule and mode are the same, remove finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded moisture, and will be finished edge gear 4 when machining, infiltrate removings such as cutting fluid at the matrix shallow-layer, water;
2.3), Chemical cleaning: promptly clean or trichloro-ethylene cleans, thoroughly remove dirt and the impurity such as greasy dirt, oxide skin, corrosion of finished edge gear 4 endoporus position to be welded surface Q with industrial pure acetone;
3), clamping finished edge gear 4; In conjunction with accompanying drawing 5 or 6; The gear 4 of finished edge is placed horizontally on 6 of the rotary tables that formula positioner 5 is the level of state equally; Clamp the said gear of finished edge 4 with scroll chuck 7, and use cushion block 9 to place claw 8 and between the tooth of finished edge gear 4, prevent that the tooth of finished edge gear 4 is blocked damage; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a makes the gear of finished edge 4 that is fixed on the positioner rotary table 6 be vertical duty once more; Use seat formula positioner 5, and, be to carry out the continuous welding operation with low-yield MIG electronics soldering tech to adapt, easily be automated welding with the scroll chuck 7 fixing said gears of finished edge 4;
4), backing welding, promptly accomplish the backing welding of antifriction material overlay cladding 12 with low-yield MIG electronics soldering; Weld high h2 and be about 1 mm～2 mm; Specifically see the mode that accompanying drawing 7,8 provides; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a makes the said gear of finished edge 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle, and this example is 5 °～10 °; Control oneself finished edge gear 4 bore areas near a side of positioner rotary table 6 " below be called the inboard " the minimum point O1 starting the arc; Rotate finished edge gear 4 simultaneously, along λ or ω circumferencial direction " need to prove this direction of rotation decide, protective gas is protected the high temperature welding bead " welding by operative employee's welding mode; Note to observe matrix surface Q this moment, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect and gets final product; After having welded the inboard first road weld seam 12a " this moment, gear 4 should rotate a circle "; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a is put gear vertically earlier, continues to make finished edge gear 4 along η direction inclination β angle again; Be similarly 5 °～10 °; Specifically see accompanying drawing 9, Figure 10, at finished edge gear 4 bore areas away from a side of positioner rotary table 6 " below be called the outside " the minimum point O2 starting the arc, with the identical mode of the first road weld seam 12a; Along λ or the welding of ω circumferencial direction, welded the outside second road weld seam 12b; Wherein, welding current is 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is 21V～23V, and the rotary speed of finished edge gear 4 is 0.33rpm～0.37rpm; Will finished edge gear 4 to be along θ or η direction tilt alpha or β angle during welding, similar fillet welding in the flat position can make overlay cladding both sides " gear face " moulding full;
5), fill weldering, continue mode with little standard welding, use low-yield MIG electronics soldering to accomplish the molten of antifriction alloy layer intermediate layer and apply; Finished edge gear 4 is vertically placed; In conjunction with accompanying drawing 5,6 and 12, make that first and second road weld seam arcing point O1, O2 all are in minimum point in the step 4), with electric arc mainly facing to the middle overlay of the preceding twice first road weld seam 12a and the second road weld seam 12b; O3 begins from minimum point; Weld the 3rd road weld seam 12c with step 4) with quadrat method, at this moment will note observing first and second road weld deposit laminar surface Q1, temperature is controlled at and is about to produce mirror effect; It is 125A～145A that this step can suitably increase welding current, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are then reduced to 0.30rpm～0.35rpm;
6), cosmetic welding, welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and finished edge gear 4 rotary speeies are adjusted into 0.29rpm～0.33rpm; Rotate the said gear of finished edge 4; Make the arcing point of the described first road weld seam 12a of first three road weld seam, the second road weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c all be in minimum point; In conjunction with accompanying drawing 7,8 and 12, rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a makes finished edge gear 4 along θ direction tilt alpha angle; This example is 5 °～10 °; From the middle overlay minimum point O4 starting the arc of the first road weld seam 12a and the 3rd road weld seam 12c, beginning circumference weldering, the 4th road weld seam 12d should cover all the time the first road weld seam 12a and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; After welding in one week; In conjunction with accompanying drawing 9,10 and 12; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a makes the said gear of finished edge 4 along η direction inclination β angle, is similarly 5 °～10 °; In the middle overlay minimum point O5 starting the arc of the second road weld seam 12b, the 3rd road weld seam 12c, the beginning circumference welds the 5th road weld seam 12e; Equally, the 5th road weld seam 12e should cover all the time the second road weld seam 12b and with the seam of the 3rd road weld seam 12c; The 4th road weld seam 12d, the 5th road weld seam 12e will notice that built-up welding goes out the required corner angle of both ends of the surface;
7), finishing appearance of weld; In conjunction with accompanying drawing 11,12, adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld 12f, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc is mainly faced toward finished edge gear 4 bore area overlay middle parts, the swing welding gun, the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is high even, antifriction alloy bed thickness h3 is 5mm～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity greater than 99.9% argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min; TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld does not add and fills silk, adopts technological measures such as pendulum rifle, rapid welding rationally during welding, can guarantee the thickness and the uniform in shaping of overlay cladding;
8), postwelding cooling; The said finished edge of last step gear 4 is passed through backing weldings, fills weldering, cosmetic welding and repaiies the postwelding gear of type weldering; Need rotating welding positioner trip shaft 5a immediately; Make the postwelding gear horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table, air cooling is sure not contact with water, wet goods liquid before being chilled to room temperature;
9), machine adds, with the method for machining postwelding gear internal diameter is worked into Element Design and requires size ∮
1Obtain said workpiece with antifriction layer.
The embodiment that selects for use in this article for open the object of the invention currently thinks to suit, but will be appreciated that, the present invention is intended to comprise that all belong to all changes and the improvement of the interior embodiment of this design and the scope of the invention.
The present invention does not detail part and is prior art.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is welded the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; Comprise and adopt MIG electronics soldering and TIG to weld compound preparation gear part bore area antifriction layer, it is characterized in that: the soldering of described MIG electronics is a kind of low-yield MIG electronics method for welding based on dissolving diffusion welding (DW), is that the bore area built-up welding of the hard-tempered gear part of tooth portion of low-carbon alloy steel is when preparing the antifriction layer in said material; Welding wire is sent to continuously and is melted; And the gear part basal body interface does not melt, and the welding wire of fusing forms liquid film at the gear part basal body interface, and the liquid film atom spreads to the gear part matrix; And gear part matrix atom dissolves in liquid film and diffusion; The welding wire and the formation of gear part matrix of fusing are dissolved each other, realize welding wire and the two interatomic good combination of gear part, treat to form firm binder course after liquid phase is solidified; This unstable state diffusion process is prone on the surface and crystal boundary preferentially carries out, and it is abundant more more soon that the high more diffusion process of temperature is carried out;
The concrete grammar of said preparation antifriction layer, comprise the steps: finished edge → preweld cleaning → parts fixation fix → backing welding → filling weldering → cosmetic welding → repair type weldering → postwelding cooling → machine adds and obtains finished product;
A, finished edge:
Gear part is fixed, adopted conventional turning equipment, process " ︻ " trapezoidal groove at the bore area of gear part, groove depth is controlled between 1.0mm～2.5 mm, and wherein two angles of heel are controlled between 25 ° and 35 °;
B, preweld cleaning:
The gear part inner hole surface residue of last step processing is cleared up, and said residue comprises burr, the chip that adds man-hour;
The cleaning of said residue comprises mechanical chipping, flame cleaning or three kinds of modes of Chemical cleaning;
C, parts fixation are fixed:
Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; The rotary table face of a formula positioner is horizontal; Utilizing scroll chuck and cushion block that gear part to be welded is the level of state equally then is fixed on the positioner rotary table; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft once more makes the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table be vertical duty at last;
D, backing welding:
Use low-yield MIG electronics soldering to accomplish the backing welding of antifriction layer;
Wherein, the weldering height is between 1 mm～2 mm, and welding current is between 110A～130A, and weldingvoltage is between 21V～23V, and adjustment positioner revolution rotating speed is controlled between 280cm/min～320 cm/min speed of welding;
Further, when welding the first road weld seam, rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Make the gear part that is fixed on the positioner rotary table face tilt between 5 °～10 ° counterclockwise around trip shaft; Near a side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the inboard " the minimum point starting the arc, the rotary teeth wheel-class parts welds along the gear part circumferencial direction simultaneously from the gear part bore area; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further; Welded " just gear part rotates a circle " behind the inboard first road weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft is placed as gear part vertically, continues to make gear part to tilt between 5 °～10 ° clockwise around trip shaft again; At the gear part bore area away from the opposite side of rotary table face " below be referred to as the outside " the minimum point starting the arc; With with the identical mode of the aforementioned weldering first road weld seam, along gear part circumferencial direction welding, the second road weld seam outside weld;
Wherein, when broad " width is more than 20mm " phenomenon appears in said gear part bore area, need between inboard, outer side weld, to continue built-up welding; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft is put vertical welding with gear part; Minimum point starting the arc in the middle of first and second road of gear part bore area weld seam, with the identical mode of the aforementioned weldering first road weld seam, along the welding of gear part circumferencial direction, welded the 3rd road backing weld seam; And the like, progressively welded all welding beads that feel secure, note observing matrix surface this moment, the separated continuously or part of assurance continuity and welding built-up welding occurs and causes solder joint too high;
E, filling weldering:
Using low-yield MIG electronics soldering to accomplish the molten of antifriction layer intermediate layer applies; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Said gear part is vertically placed, made the centre position of first and second road weld seam arcing point in the last step be in minimum point, electric arc is mainly faced toward the middle overlay of preceding twice weld seam; Begin from minimum point; With with abovementioned steps in the same manner welding intermediate layer fill weld seam, at this moment to note observing first and second road weld deposit laminar surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; It is 125A～145A that this step can suitably increase welding current, and weldingvoltage is 22V～24V, and speed of welding is controlled between 260cm/min～300 cm/min;
F, cosmetic welding:
Welding method is the soldering of low-yield MIG electronics; Reducing welding current is 120A～140A, and weldingvoltage is adjusted into 26V～28V, and speed of welding is controlled between 250cm/min～280 cm/min; Rotate said gear part, make the arcing point of first three road weld seam all be in minimum point;
Further, the weldering cosmetic welding first road weld seam; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Make gear part tilt between 5 °～10 ° counterclockwise around trip shaft; From step D), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, begin to rotate said gear part, along said gear part circumferencial direction welding; The cosmetic welding first road weld seam should cover all the time the backing welding first road weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line; Note this moment observing matrix surface, temperature is controlled between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃;
Further, the weldering cosmetic welding second road weld seam; Elder generation's rotating welding positioner trip shaft; Gear part is put vertically; Continue to make said gear part to tilt between 5 °～10 °, clockwise again at step D around trip shaft), step e) the overlay minimum point starting the arc in the middle of the twice weld seam, being identical mode with the cosmetic welding first road weld seam; Along said gear part circumferencial direction welding, welded the cosmetic welding second road weld seam; Equally, the cosmetic welding second road weld seam should cover all the time the backing welding second road weld seam and with the seam of filling welding line;
G, the type of repairing weld:
Adopt TIG weldering remelting finishing face of weld, do not add and fill silk; Electric arc mainly facing to said gear part bore area overlay middle part, is swung welding gun, and the amplitude of oscillation 3 mm～5 mm guarantee that weldering is evenly high, and the antifriction bed thickness is 5～7 mm; Welding current is 120A～140A, tungsten electrode diameter phi 4mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 12 L/min～16 L/min;
H, postwelding cooling:
After the said gear part welding of a last step is accomplished; Rotating welding positioner trip shaft immediately; Make the said gear part horizontal positioned that is fixed on the positioner rotary table; The normal temperature air cooling is to room temperature, it should be noted that cooling period said gear part is sure not contact with water, oil or any liquid;
I, machine add:
With the method for machining the internal diameter of said gear part is worked into the specification requirement size of Element Design, obtains said finished product gear part with antifriction layer.
2. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; It is characterized in that: said mechanical chipping: use wire brush and surface, No. 20 sand papering gear part endoporus positions to be welded; Remove oxide on surface and dirt, be advisable to expose metallic luster.
3. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; It is characterized in that: said flame cleaning: use the oxy-acetylene grilled gun, transfer to neutral flame or carburizing flame, muzzle is apart between the surface 100mm～200mm of gear part endoporus position to be welded; Temperature is controlled between 300 ℃～400 ℃; Between gear part inner hole surface position to be welded baking 5～10 minutes, when the gear part bore area is blue by xanthochromia, stop heating, the severe oxidation phenomenon does not appear in control surface; Air cooling is heating once more after at least 5 minutes; Heating schedule and mode are the same, remove gear part surface moisture, and gear part are infiltrated in the cutting fluid " the cutting fluid here contains the synthetic cutting fluid that machining is used; micro-emulsion cutting fluid, the emulsification oily substance " of matrix shallow-layer when the machining remove totally with water.
4. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; It is characterized in that: said Chemical cleaning: use technical pure acetone or trichloro-ethylene to clean, remove the greasy dirt and the impurity on surface, gear part endoporus position to be welded.
5. according to claim 1ly weld the compound method for preparing the antifriction layer with soldering of MIG electronics and TIG; It is characterized in that: said step D), E), F) in; Gage of wire φ 1.2mm, protective gas be purity at 99.9% above argon gas, gas flow is 5 L/min～20 L/min; Welding requirements: the temperature through infrared radiation thermometer control welding position matrix is between 1200 ℃～1400 ℃; Control tooth root portion temperature is not more than 500 ℃; When the minimum point starting the arc, can consider to put the offset of 15mm～40mm in order to weaken curved surface to the influence that molten pool metal flows.
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| CN102896394A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-30 | 郑州市嵩阳煤机制造有限公司 | Welding method of medium-carbon alloy high-tensile structural steel |
| CN102896591A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Material distributing device and material distributing method of grinding wheel of brass solder diamond high speed rail plate |
| CN105855663A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 李炳涛 | New method for surfacing coating composite welding |
| CN110815504A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-21 | 佛山市石湾陶瓷工业研究所有限公司 | Processing technology of ceramic tile stamping die |
| CN113334658A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-03 | 焦作市德邦科技有限公司 | Production process of ceramic bead wear-resistant conveying belt |
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| CN113334658A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-03 | 焦作市德邦科技有限公司 | Production process of ceramic bead wear-resistant conveying belt |
| CN113977423A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 德清勤龙磨床制造有限公司 | Numerical control vertical double-grinding head multifunctional grinding machine |
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