CN102388119A - Method for producing biomass charcoal and device for producing biomass charcoal to be used therefor - Google Patents
Method for producing biomass charcoal and device for producing biomass charcoal to be used therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102388119A CN102388119A CN2010800137269A CN201080013726A CN102388119A CN 102388119 A CN102388119 A CN 102388119A CN 2010800137269 A CN2010800137269 A CN 2010800137269A CN 201080013726 A CN201080013726 A CN 201080013726A CN 102388119 A CN102388119 A CN 102388119A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/06—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated according to the moving bed type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/12—Applying additives during coking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
A method for producing a biomass charcoal which comprises: carbonizing a biomass to give a biomass charcoal and an exhaust gas containing tar; and contacting at least a portion of the tar in the exhaust gas with the biomass and/or the biomass charcoal to thereby produce the biomass charcoal carrying the tar that has stuck thereto and deposited thereon as a carbide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing installation making the method for biomass charcoal and be used for biomass charcoal wherein biomass carbonated.
Background technology
Consider that from the viewpoint that prevents greenhouse effects of the earth it is urgent problem that the output of carbonic acid gas is cut down.As the method that carbon dioxide output is cut down, the technological development below having carried out.
Cut down the carbon amount of input.
Reclaim the carbonic acid gas of output.
Existing coal/oil etc. is replaced by carbon-free charcoal source.
As carbon-free charcoal source is known biomass are arranged.As biomass, have the building household the timber waste that disintegration produced, it is wooden that wood working produced is that pruning waste, the agricultural of waste, forest etc. is waste etc.As its processing and utilizing method, be mainly landfill, placement, burning, fuel etc.In addition, also known have a biofuel crop that is utilized as purpose with fuel.
On the other hand, in iron and steel industry, the operation of particularly smelting iron is for being the technology of reducing material reducing iron ore with the coal.In addition, in steel making working procedure, by required heat of supply refining such as coals.Therefore, in iron and steel industry, must use the charcoal source.On the other hand, biomass are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, but biomass are directly used inefficent aspect efficient in iron and steel technology from as high-moisture percentage, lower calorific value (for example moisture 15 quality %, thermal value 16.2MJ/kg-drying schedule).Therefore, exist, implement processing such as dehydration, decarbonate, remove moisture, raising thermal value and the method in iron and steel technology, used biomass carbonization.Because of destructive distillation causes dehydration, the degassing (decarbonate, demethanizing, tar generation etc.), the carbon component in the biomass produces as gas and tar ingredients, and is therefore, few as the carbon component (biomass charcoal) of solid residue.In iron and steel technology,,, need make biomass charcoal with high yield for the carbon component as solid residue after such destructive distillation is effectively utilized as biomass charcoal as the coal substitute.
Also known have such biomass thermal is decomposed the technology of making inflammable gas, carbide (biomass charcoal) and utilizing.
Disclose in the patent documentation 1 for through biomass being heated the method that the volatilization that produces when carbide circulation that destructive distillation obtains absorbs heating assigns to make the golf calorific value carbide.
Disclose following treatment of organic matters of organic method in the patent documentation 2: with organism thermolysis and generate decolorizing carbon under the non-supply of combustion air; The untreated gas that contains inflammable gas and gasiform tar that produces from thermolysis organism is midway under atmospheric pressure circulated to decolorizing carbon with 800～1000 ℃ temperature; With roughly thermolysis fully of tar, the processing gas of the tar that has been removed.
Disclose the thermal decomposition processing unit of following waste in the patent documentation 3, make the waste of putting into shaft furnace, in stove, separate into carbide and thermolysis gas through thermolysis with the contacting of heated air that is blown into from nozzle for blowing gas into.
Disclose the raw material of filling charcoal in the body of heater of case shape stove in the patent documentation 4, heat and drying, destructive distillation, charing, make the charcoal manufacturing installation of charcoal.
Disclose following charring furnace in the patent documentation 5, it comprises: the furnace main body of box of relief outlet with loading port and charcoal of raw material; Being located at the intravital xsect of this master is dimetric coking chamber; Make to the wood materials in this coking chamber heat and the inflammable gas that produces in this upper space incendiary combustion chamber; In this combustion chamber, be blown into the air port of air; Adjusting is from the unit of the air amount of being blown in this air port; And be located at the heat conducting wall of the side or the bottom surface of said coking chamber.
Disclose the charing method of following timber in the patent documentation 6: utilize rotary kiln or spin drier that timber is heated below 10% with 300～1000 ℃, oxygen concn, will burn with above-mentioned rotary kiln or above-mentioned spin drier banded roasting kiln through the gas that heating produces.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2003-213273 communique
Patent documentation 2: No. 3781379 communique of patent
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2001-131557 communique
Patent documentation 4: japanese kokai publication hei 03-122191 communique
Patent documentation 5: TOHKEMY 2007-146016 communique
Patent documentation 6: TOHKEMY 2002-241762 communique
Summary of the invention
When the method put down in writing through patent documentation 1 was made biomass charcoal, the productive rate of biomass charcoal only improved the amount of the tar that adhered to etc.But, think that there is adhesivity on the surface of the carbide that obtains through the method that absorbs aqueous volatile matter, be difficult to handle.Usually, it is the liquid that thermolysis obtains that biomass thermal is decomposed the tar obtain, but the thermal value of the carbide of biomass is about 30MJ/kg, and relative with it, the tar maximum is about 10MJ/kg, for below heavy oil half the.In addition; When obtaining carbide in that biomass thermal is decomposed; A large amount of oxygen in the biomass divide and break away from from biomass as tar ingredients, volatile matter, therefore, contain the oxygen rate less than 10 quality % in the carbide; Relative with it, the oxygen rate that contains in the tar also surpasses 20 quality % sometimes, becomes near 40 quality %.Oxygen divides the ignition properties of high and reactive high tar also high, also existing problems on the safety.
As above, tar ingredients is compared with carbide, and it is low to contain oxygen rate height and thermal value, is high viscosity, and is reactive high and stable low, and therefore, the situation that is attached to biomass charcoal can make the quality of biomass charcoal reduce.
In the patent documentation 2, its purpose is, when generating decolorizing carbon and inflammable gas, irrespectively decomposes tar with the water vapour upgrading, thus, increases the output of inflammable gas.Consider that from the viewpoint of the manufacturing of carbide through gasification of the carbon component in the raw material or tarring, thereby the productive rate of carbide reduces.Like 2 records of patent documentation, if with near 1000 ℃ temperature with the tar thermolysis, then almost be converted into gas entirely, the productive rate of the carbide that obtains from tar is number quality % at most.
In the patent documentation 3, carbide is made in charings such as biomass at shaft furnace.Usually, send into the high-temperature gas of anaerobic from the stove bottom and content heated carry out, but because the thermolysis that this destructive distillation causes when generating carbide, also produces gas, tar etc.These gases, tar also can be used effectively, and therefore, consider from the viewpoint of making carbide that through gasification of the carbon component in the raw material or tarring, the productive rate of carbide reduces.
In the prior art that patent documentation 4～6 is put down in writing, the problem of (a)～(d) below existing.
(a) batch mode and revolution mode are only through controlling Heating temperature, envrionment conditions etc. with biomass carbonated method.The productive rate of the biomass of charing (biomass charcoal) is about 25 quality % in batch mode, in the revolution mode, is about 20 quality %, is difficult to further improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal.
(b) make gas and the tar burning of generation and during as the pyrogenous thermal source of biomass, gas, tar ingredients can not reclaim as biomass charcoal.The tar that expectation is produced is transformed to biomass charcoal energetically.
(c) in the batch mode of patent documentation 4,5,,, be uneconomic so charing need expend more than 5 hours owing to be not continuous processing.
(d) in the biomass carbonization resultant, except that light gas, also produce wooden vinegar and heavy hydrocarbon (tar) composition, for tar ingredients perfect combustion need be carried out the management of air ratio, temperature etc.In addition, do not utilize the destructive distillation resultant separately, the off gas treatment that need carry out that tar is removed etc. in order not carry out burn processing.
The objective of the invention is to; Solve the problem of such prior art; The method of manufacture of biomass charcoal is provided and is used for the manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of this method; Using shaft furnace when making biomass charcoal, can improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal, and the reduction of the quality of biomass charcoal to be few with biomass carbonated.
(1) a kind of method of manufacture of biomass charcoal, wherein,
Make biomass carbonated and the formation biomass charcoal,
The waste gas that will contain the tar that when said charing, produces is discharged,
At least a portion of said tar in the said waste gas is contacted with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal,
Make at least a portion of the said tar that contacts with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal change into carbide.
(2) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Drop into biomass from the top or the top, side of shaft furnace,
From the bottom of said shaft furnace or to lean on the position of below than the drain position of said waste gas be that the bottom, side is blown into hot blast,
In said shaft furnace, make said biomass carbonated and form biomass charcoal,
The waste gas that will contain the tar that when said charing, produces is discharged from the top or the top, side of said shaft furnace,
At least a portion of said tar in the said waste gas is blown into said shaft furnace and contacts with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal,
At least a portion of the said tar that will contact with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal is converted into carbide.
(3) like the method for manufacture of (2) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
At least a portion and the said hot blast of the said tar in the said waste gas together are blown into said shaft furnace.
(4) like the method for manufacture of (2) or (3) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Use gas from the bottom or the cooling of side underfeed of said shaft furnace.
(5) like the method for manufacture of (4) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Said cooling is used said waste gas with gas circulation.
(6) like the method for manufacture of (4) or (5) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
A part and the said cooling of said tar are supplied with in the stove with gas one in the same way.
(7) like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in (2)～(6), wherein,
Separate said tar from said waste gas, and the said tar after will separating is blown into shaft furnace.
(8) like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in (2)～(7), wherein,
Said waste gas is burnt less than 1 with air ratio, be blown into shaft furnace as hot blast.
(9) like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in (2)～(8), wherein,
The carbonization temperature of said biomass charcoal is 300～700 ℃.
(10) like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in (2)～(9), wherein,
The temperature of said waste gas is 50～300 ℃.
(11) like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in (2)～(10), wherein,
Said hot blast is anaerobic or hypoxemia, and temperature is 400～1200 ℃.
(12) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The charing of said biomass through from the top of shaft furnace or top, side to said shaft furnace drop into biomass and from the bottom of shaft furnace or the bottom, side be blown into hot blast and carry out,
The discharge of said waste gas through from the top of shaft furnace or top, side discharge the waste gas that contains the tar that produces when the said charing and carry out,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar at least a portion through the tar in the waste gas that will produce when the said charing is blown into said shaft furnace and carries out.
(13) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Biomass carbonization is formed the destructive distillation biomass,
The gas that destructive distillation through said biomass is produced contacts with said destructive distillation biomass with tar, carbon component in said gas and the said tar is adhered on said destructive distillation biomass separate out.
(14) like the method for manufacture of (13) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The specific surface area of said destructive distillation biomass is 10m
2More than/the g.
(15) like the method for manufacture of (13) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The pyrolysis temperature of biomass is 450 ℃～700 ℃, and the temperature that the carbon component in gas and the tar is adhered on the destructive distillation biomass when separating out is 450～700 ℃.
(16) like the method for manufacture of (13) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Said destructive distillation is carried out through the rotary type gas retort.
(17) like the method for manufacture of (13) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Carbon component in the said tar carries out to separating out adhering to of destructive distillation biomass through filling bed or mobile layer mode coking furnace.
(18) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The charing of said biomass comprises biomass carbonization, generates destructive distillation biomass and the waste gas that contains tar, and with the coking of said destructive distillation biomass,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar comprises the waste gas that contains said tar is contacted with said destructive distillation biomass, carbon component in said gas and the said tar is adhered on said destructive distillation biomass separate out.
(19) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal,
Use has the stove of filling mobile layer mode of the double-tower type of two gas retorts connected to one another biomass carbonization is made biomass charcoal, wherein,
Gas that destructive distillation through the biomass in a gas retort produces and tar are contacted with biomass in another gas retort,
Make to adhere on the biomass of carbon component in said another gas retort in said gas and the said tar during destructive distillation of the biomass in said another gas retort and separate out.
(20) like the method for manufacture of (19) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The pyrolysis temperature of the biomass in the gas retort is made as 400 ℃～800 ℃.
(21) like the method for manufacture of (19) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
The residence time of the biomass in the gas retort was made as more than 30 minutes.
(22) like the method for manufacture of (1) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
It is interior with biomass carbonization that the charing of said biomass is included in first gas retort, produces gas and tar,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar; Comprise the gas that in first gas retort, produces and tar are contacted with biomass in second gas retort, make to adhere on said gas and the biomass of said tar in second gas retort during destructive distillation of the biomass in second gas retort and separate out.
(23) a kind of manufacturing installation of biomass charcoal has:
With the biomass carbonated shaft furnace of making biomass charcoal;
Be arranged at the input port of biomass on top or the top, side of said shaft furnace;
Be arranged at the relief outlet of waste gas on top or the top, side of said shaft furnace;
Be arranged at said shaft furnace the bottom or than said relief outlet lean on the position of below be the bottom, side hot blast be blown into mouth; And
At least a portion that makes said waste gas with air ratio less than 1 incendiary partial combustion machine.
(24) like the manufacturing installation of (23) described biomass charcoal, wherein,
Also has the separating machine of isolating gaseous constituent and tar from waste gas at least.
According to the present invention, can use shaft furnace with the biomass carbonated biomass charcoal of making effectively, can improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal.The quality of the biomass charcoal of manufacturing improves than the biomass charcoal that tar is adhered to.
In addition, effectively utilize tar, and the tar processing burden alleviates also.Can be with the lighting of destructive distillation resultant, and also can alleviate the off gas treatment operation.Thus, can promote the utilization again of biomass, to CO
2Output is cut down has contribution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of an embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the figure of another embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the figure of another embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the figure of another embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is the figure of another embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the figure of another embodiment of manufacturing installation of the biomass charcoal of expression embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is the explanatory view of an embodiment of embodiment 2.
Fig. 8 is the explanatory view of another embodiment of embodiment 2.
Fig. 9 is the sketch chart of biomass charcoal manufacturing installation of stove of filling mobile layer mode of the use double-tower type of embodiment 3.
Figure 10 is the sectional view of the gas retort of Fig. 9.
Figure 11 is to use the explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention of the device of Fig. 9.
Figure 12 is the sketch chart of stove of the filling mobile layer mode of the double-tower type that uses among the embodiment of embodiment 3.
Figure 13 is the explanatory view of another embodiment of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
Biomass are meant have been gathered certain a certain amount of animal and plant resource and has been the general name of the waste of origin with it.But fossil resource does not belong to biomass.The biomass of using in the embodiment 1 can use agricultural system, forestry system, department of animal husbandry, aquatic products system, discard the carrying out thermolysis of system etc. and generate all biomass of carbide.Preferred use the high biomass of efficient heat generation amount, and preferably to use wooden be biomass.
As wooden be biomass, can be listed below.
Wood working by products such as system such as black liquor, wood chip paper by product, bark, sawdust,
Forest land retained materials such as branch, leaf, treetop, short size material,
Felling such as cryptomeria, cypress, pine tree class material,
The material that produces from the special-purpose forests such as useless mushroom wood of edible fungi,
· Chinquapin, Quercus serrata, pine firewood wood, willow, poplar, eucalyptus, pine and other short-rotation forestry and other forest-based biomass,
General waste such as pollard bars such as the trees in the flower garden in the street trees in city, town, village, individual house,
The pollard bars such as trees in the street trees in state, county, the flower garden of enterprise,
Trade wastes such as construction/construction waste.
By agricultural be biomass classification, be the rice husk, straw, rice bar, sugarcane gas, palm etc. in generation source with waste/by product or be that the agriculturals such as rice bran, Semen Brassicae campestris, soybean in generation source are that also to can be used as wooden be that biomass are fit to uses for the part of biomass with the energy crops.
In the embodiment 1, the use shaft furnace with biomass carbonated, is made the biomass charcoal as carbide as charring furnace.As shaft furnace, preferably use pit furnace.
Charing when biomass carbonated is meant to be cut off or the supply of limit air (oxygen) and heating, and obtains the resultant of gas (being also referred to as wood gas), liquid (tar), solid (charcoal).Through Heating temperature, heat-up time are changed, resulting gas, liquid, solid composition, ratio change.In the embodiment 1; Tar and gas in the waste gas that produces during with charing together reclaim; The shaft furnace that at least a portion and the hot blast of this tar together is blown into the charing of carrying out biomass; Tar is attached on the biomass charcoal, and then the carbide of tar is separated out on biomass charcoal, improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal.The tar that generates through the charing that makes because of biomass charing and on biomass charcoal, separating out in shaft furnace once more, thereby biomass charcoal and the compared of only adhering to tar, it is lower to contain the oxygen rate; Thermal value uprises; Reactive low and ignition properties also reduces, thereby safe, and quality improves.
Be meant " on biomass charcoal, carry out the pyrolysis or the polyreaction of tar, tar changes into carbide on biomass charcoal thus " this said " carbide of tar is being separated out on the biomass charcoal ".Cause this pyrolysis or polyreaction, need on biomass charcoal, at first adhere to tar, to the biomass charcoal heating that is attached with this tar and make it become more high temperature.In the shaft furnace of embodiment 1, the low-temp. portion of tar on stove top is attached on the biomass charcoal, and the biomass charcoal that this tar adhered to drops to the stove bottom and heats and make it become more high temperature, and therefore, the carbide that produces tar is separated out on biomass charcoal.
The tar that generates because of the charing of biomass charing and on biomass charcoal, separating out in shaft furnace once more, thus, the compared that biomass charcoal and tar only adhere to; It is lower to contain the oxygen rate; Thermal value uprises, and reactive reduction and ignition properties also reduce, thus safe and quality raising.The biomass charcoal of embodiment 1 obtains the thermal value of the 30MJ/kg degree identical with the existing biomass charcoal that does not adhere to tar.For example; When tar being adhered to the method shown in the patent documentation 1; Because the thermal value of tar is the 10MJ/kg degree, so when the ratio imagination that improves at the energy productive rate according to the embodiment of patent documentation 1 is calculated the adhesion amount of tar, only can obtain the thermal value of 14～20MJ/kg degree.Suppose; In the patent documentation 1; Even the tar that adheres to for liquid that the thermolysis biomass are obtained through leaving standstill or distill the fraction of the high viscosity of separating the chocolate of having removed the transparent liquid (acetic acid) of brown; The thermal value of having removed the tar behind the acetic acid also maximum is about 20MJ/kg, and the result is that the thermal value of biomass charcoal reaches 23～27MJ/kg.
As above; For with the biomass carbonated biomass charcoal of making, in embodiment 1, drop into biomass from the top or the top, side of shaft furnace; In stove, form filling bed; Through from the bottom of shaft furnace or the bottom, side is blown into hot blast and with biomass carbonated, discharge the waste gas of the tar that produces when containing charing from the top of shaft furnace, at least a portion and the hot blast of this tar together is blown into shaft furnace and carries out the charing of biomass.Below, with top or top, side general name and be designated as " top ".Below, with bottom or bottom, side general name and be designated as " bottom ".Tar is adhered to and the biomass charcoal of separating out as carbide is discharged from the bottom of shaft furnace.The position that is blown into hot blast is for leaning on the position of below than the drain position of waste gas.Biomass charing through the sensible heat of hot blast.At this, top, side is meant the sidepiece of the upper part on the short transverse of shaft furnace, but and then is preferably the top more than 1/4.Equally, the bottom, side is meant the sidepiece of the lower part on the short transverse of shaft furnace, but and then is preferably the below below 1/4.
Tar separates from waste gas, is blown into shaft furnace to the part of major general's tar.Preferably will be blown into shaft furnace, said tar is contacted with above-mentioned biomass and/or above-mentioned biomass charcoal from 10～100% of the isolating tar of waste gas.Be made as 10% when above, the effect that the charing productive rate improves is big.More preferably will be blown into shaft furnace from 50～100% of the isolating tar of waste gas.The method that is blown into is arbitrarily, preferably is blown into the position of lower part of biomass filling bed (being blown into the position to the filling bed surface from hot blast).When together being blown into hot blast through tar is mixed with hot blast, the efficient that tar is converted into carbide improves, and is convenient on equipment property in addition, so preferred.10～100% of the above-mentioned tar that preferably will contact with above-mentioned biomass and/or above-mentioned biomass charcoal is converted into carbide.Consider from the viewpoint that the charing productive rate improves, preferred more than 10%.More preferably 20～100%.Perhaps, make the waste gas direct part burning that contains tar, should a part use to the major general, can together be blown into hot blast thus as hot blast.
Hot blast can use the hot blast that the source takes place arbitrarily; Can use hot blast by generations such as hotblast stoves; Also can recycle the hot blast that the gas partial combustion that from waste gas, separated tar and water is obtained, also can recycle the hot blast that the burning of waste gas direct part is obtained.
Because the biomass charcoal in the shaft furnace is a high temperature, so preferably the biomass charcoal that cuts out and discharge is cooled off.In order to make this cooling easy, preferably in stove, supply with cooling and use gas from the bottom of shaft furnace.Use gas as cooling, preferred cycle is used waste gas, can with partial combustion from waste gas, separated tar, water remainder gas and the part of the gas that obtains is cooled off and is used.Cooling also need be cut off with gas or the supply of limit air (oxygen).
Preferably be blended in the part of the tar that produces when biomass carbonated with gas, and tar and cooling are together supplied in the shaft furnace with gas to above-mentioned cooling.Tar is attached on the chilled biomass charcoal, and the productive rate of biomass charcoal improves.With compare with the tar that hot blast together is blown into, this ratio is few, but the also charing and on biomass charcoal, separating out in stove of the part of the tar of together supplying with gas with cooling.Waste gas circulation is being used to cool off under the situation with gas, tar is to be blown into gas blended state with cooling in advance.
Also can with hot blast or the tar that together is blown into gas of cooling in append the outside tar that produces.As the tar that the outside produces, the preferred tar that comes authigenic material that uses the leeway that charing is arranged, the preferred especially tar that biomass are produced in thermolysis below 700 ℃ that uses.
The remainder of waste gas can be used as fuel and uses, and perhaps uses in the drying of recovery of heat, biomass as the pyritous exhaust gas utilization through burning such as burner separately etc.
The height of the filling bed of the biomass in the shaft furnace is for to be blown into position to filling bed surface height from hot blast.The height of this filling bed is preferably more than the 2m and less than 15m.If it is low that the height of part of heating biomass is spent, then heat exchange is inefficent, and the effect that improves based on the productive rate of tar is also few.On the other hand, if the excessive height of the part of heating biomass, then the pressure-losses is excessive, and equipment cost increases.
Use Fig. 1 that one embodiment of embodiment 1 is described.
Is raw materials 1 such as biomass from the input port on top to supply with wooden as the charring furnace 10 of shaft furnace.In addition, supply with hot blasts 5 from the hot-wind inlet 11 that is blown into mouth as hot blast.Hot blast 5 carries out charing for the burning that does not cause charges in the stove, and is anaerobic or hypoxemia.Hypoxemia for example is meant the oxygen level less than 1 volume %.Can mixed tar 4 in the hot blast 5.
As the form of raw material 1, be preferably to the gas communication of filling bed do not produce obstacle form, be that 5mm～200mm degree is the block of the size of main body (more than the 90 quality %).With regard to the particle diameter here, be meant through mesh to be the undersized state of the sieve of 200mm below the 200mm, be meant the state on the sieve of sieve of 5mm more than the 5mm.
With raw material 1 when charring furnace 10 is supplied with, the upper surface of preferred filling bed 12 is average to a certain degree planarization state.This is for the bias current that prevents gas and realizes effective charing.
The temperature of hot blast 5 is preferably 400～1200 ℃.It is low excessively to be blown into temperature if this is, then the charing of raw material can't fully be carried out, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.Be preferably 600～1200 ℃, more preferably 600～1000 ℃.
The carbide temperature that generates through charing is preferably 300～700 ℃ of degree.Temperature is low excessively if this is, then charing can't fully be carried out, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.Be preferably 400～700 ℃, more preferably 400～600 ℃.By cutting out device 13 when cutting out, through cooling or can cut out carbide 2 with the temperature of safety indirectly such as water jacket based on the direct cooling of water spray.
The temperature of the waste gas of discharging from the relief outlet on filling bed 12 tops is preferably 50～300 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then moisture can't fully be discharged from filling bed if this is, tar ingredients is excessive from the discharge of filling bed if temperature is too high, and the productive rate of carbide reduces, and produces the tar problem easily in downstream.Be preferably 70～200 ℃ of degree.
Use Fig. 2 that another embodiment of the present invention is described.
From top to charring furnace 10 base feeds 1.In addition, hot blast 21 center section part in stove is supplied with.Mixed tar 22 in hot blast 21.In addition, cold wind 23 is supplied with in stove from cold air inlet 25.Can be in cold wind 23 mixed tar 24.Hot blast 21 and cold wind 23 carry out charing for the burning that does not cause charges in the stove, are anaerobic or hypoxemia.
As the form of raw material 1, be preferably to the gas communication of filling bed do not produce obstacle form, be that 5mm～200mm degree is the block of the size of main body (more than the 90 quality %).With regard to the particle diameter here, be meant through mesh to be the undersized state of the sieve of 200mm below the 200mm, be meant the state on the sieve of sieve of 5mm more than the 5mm.
With raw material 1 when charring furnace 10 is supplied with, the upper surface of preferred filling bed 12 is average to a certain degree planarization state.This is for the bias current that prevents gas and realizes effective charing.
The temperature of hot blast 21 is as 400～1200 ℃ of air-supplies.Wind pushing temperature is low excessively if this is, then the charing of raw material can't fully be carried out, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.Be preferably 600～1000 ℃.
Near hot blast 21 inlets in filling bed stage casing carbide temperature is preferably 300～700 ℃ of degree.Charing can't fully be carried out if temperature is crossed low, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.Be preferably 400～700 ℃, more preferably 400～600 ℃.
The temperature expectation of cold wind 23 is below 200 ℃.Be preferably below 100 ℃.Temperature is too high then cool off inefficent if this is.
By cutting out device 13 when cutting out, can be through cooling or cut out carbide 2 with the temperature of safety indirectly such as water jacket based on the direct cooling of water spray.
The temperature of the waste gas of discharging from filling bed 12 tops is preferably 50～300 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then moisture can't fully be discharged from filling bed if this is, tar ingredients is excessive from the discharge of filling bed if temperature is too high, and the productive rate of carbide reduces, and causes the tar problem easily in downstream.70～200 ℃ of degree more preferably.
During mixed tar 22, tar 22 uses from waste gas 3 isolated tar in hot blast 21.Through mixed tar 22 in hot blast 21, the part of tar 22 is contained in the carbide 2, therefore, can improve the productive rate of carbide 2.Directly the part of use waste gas 3 also can be blown into the hot blast of the state that has mixed tar as the situation of hot blast 21.
Also can be in cold wind 23 mixed tar 24, tar 24 preferably uses from waste gas 3 isolated tar.Through mixed tar 24 in cold wind 23, the part of tar 24 is contained in and generates carbide 2, therefore, can improve the productive rate of carbide 2.
As shown in the figure, tar 22 or tar 24 mix with hot blast 21, cold wind 23 and in stove, supply with, but also can not mix with hot blast, cold wind and directly filling bed 12 supplies in stove.
As shown in the figure, cold wind 23 is supplied with through hot-wind inlet from the stove bottom, but also can supply with from the horizontal use nozzle of stove.
Use Fig. 3 that another embodiment of the present invention is described.
To charring furnace 10 base feeds 1, in stove, form filling bed 12 from top,, be discharged from as carbide 2 through heating and charing by hot blast 5.
The waste gas 3 that produces at filling bed 12 separates into gas 32, acetic acid 33, tar 34 by separating machine 311.Be meant that at this tar that obtains liquid that the thermolysis biomass are obtained is through leaving standstill or the fractionation by distillation and the fraction of high viscosity of removing the chocolate of the transparent liquid of brown (acetic acid).With regard to the thermal value of the tar under this situation,, be about 20MJ/kg to the maximum through removing acetic acid.As the mode of separating machine 311, can make acetic acid and tar liquid phase separation with the temperature below the condensing temperature of acetic acid, make the gas gas phase separation, if for being water (acetic acid phase) and the oil phase structure of (tar is mutually) with liquid phase separation, then just not special the qualification.Also contain water miscible organism at aqueous phase.In separating machine 311,, can improve separation efficiency through cooling off as required.
Part by separating machine 311 isolated gases 32 and isolated tar 34 utilizes air 35 to carry out so-called incomplete combustion through partial combustion machine 312.At this, the amount of air 35 be air ratio less than 1, produce the hot blast 36 of anaerobic or utmost point hypoxemia.When hot blast was warming up to the temperature of regulation, if use common biomass material, then air ratio can be less than 1, but is preferably more than 0.5.In addition, owing to residual tar in hot blast, so preferred air ratio is below 0.8.
Effective utilization of or the water soluble organic substance realizing dissolve in discarded etc. by separating machine 311 isolated acetic acid.According to circumstances, carry out burn processing through combustion engine 313 and discharge as waste gas 38.
The part of the hot blast 36 that produces at partial combustion machine 312 is sent to charring furnace 10 as hot blast 5, becomes the thermal source that is used for charing.
Part by separating machine 311 isolated tar 34 together is sent to charring furnace 10 as tar 4 and hot blast 5.
The part of the hot blast that is produced by partial combustion machine 312 is mixed with air 37 through combustion engine 313 burns residual combustible gas component, with waste gas 38 discharges.
The mode illustrated with using Fig. 1,2 embodiment such as the form of raw material 1 is identical.
The temperature of hot blast 5 is preferably 400～1200 ℃.Temperature is crossed low then the charing of raw material can't fully be carried out if this is, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.More preferably 600～1000 ℃.
The carbide temperature expectation that generates is 300～700 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then charing can't fully be carried out if this is, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.Be preferably 400～700 ℃, more preferably 400～600 ℃.
The temperature of the waste gas 3 that expectation is discharged from filling bed 12 tops is 50～300 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then moisture can't fully be discharged from filling bed if this is, tar ingredients is excessive from the discharge of filling bed if temperature is too high, and the productive rate of carbide reduces, and produces the tar problem easily in downstream.Be preferably 70～200 ℃ of degree.
In hot blast 5, mix tar 4 by the part of separating machine 311 isolating tar 34.Through mixed tar 4 in hot blast 5, the part of tar 4 is contained in carbide 2, therefore, can improve the productive rate of carbide 2.
As shown in the figure, tar 4 mixes with hot blast 5 and in stove, supplies with, but also can not mix with hot blast 5 and directly filling bed 12 supplies in stove.
Through by separating machine 311 separating tars 34, can effectively utilize tar and the productive rate of carbide 2 is improved.
Through by separating machine 311 separating acetic acids 33, compare with the situation of not separating acetic acid, can reduce the acetic acid plan composition of supplying with to partial combustion machine 312, so have following effectiveness.
The first, the temperature of the partial combustion machine 312 under the same air ratio is risen, supply with necessary heat to charring furnace 10 easily.
The second, because the water vapour that contains in the hot blast 5 is reduced, therefore, have the effect that is suppressed at the carbon consumption reaction that the water vapour in the charring furnace causes, the raising that brings the carbide productive rate.
The heat of waste gas 38 can be used in the drying of raw material 1 etc.
Use Fig. 4 that another embodiment of the present invention is described.
From top to charring furnace 10 base feeds 1.In addition, can hot blast 21 center section part in stove be supplied with, mixed tar 22 in hot blast 21.In addition, can cold wind 23 be supplied with in stove, and in cold wind 23 mixed tar 24.Hot blast 21 and cold wind 23 carry out destructive distillation in order not cause the burning of charges in the stove, are anaerobic or hypoxemia.
Discharge from stove top from the waste gas 3 that filling bed produces, separate into gas 32, acetic acid 33, tar 34 by separating machine 311.As the mode of separating machine 311, can make acetic acid and tar liquid phase separation with the temperature below the condensing temperature of acetic acid, make the gas gas phase separation, if for can liquid phase separation being become water and the oil phase structure of (tar is mutually), then not special the qualification.In separating machine 311,, can improve separation efficiency through cooling off as required.
Part by separating machine 311 isolated gases 32 and isolated tar 34 utilizes air 35 to carry out so-called incomplete combustion through partial combustion machine 312.At this, the amount of air 35 be air ratio less than 1, produce the hot blast 36 of anaerobic or utmost point hypoxemia.When hot blast was warming up to the temperature of regulation, if use common biomass material, then air ratio can be less than 1, but is preferably more than 0.5.In addition, for residual tar in hot blast, preferred air ratio is below 0.8.
Go out of use or effective utilization of the water soluble organic substance realizing dissolving in etc. by separating machine 311 isolated acetic acid.According to circumstances carry out burn processing and discharge as waste gas 38 by combustion engine 313.
The part of the hot blast 36 that produces at partial combustion machine 312 is sent to charring furnace 10 as hot blast 21, becomes the thermal source that is used for charing.
The part of the hot blast 36 that produces at partial combustion machine 312 is cooled off by cooler 411, is sent to charring furnace 10 as cold wind 23, is used in the cooling of carbide.
The part of the hot blast that produces at partial combustion machine 312 is mixed with air 37 through combustion engine 313 burns residual combustible gas component, and combustion gas 38.
The form of raw material 1 etc. with use Fig. 1,2 embodiment in illustrated situation identical.
The temperature of hot blast 21 is preferably 400～1200 ℃.Temperature is crossed low then the charing of raw material can't fully be carried out if this is, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.More preferably 600～1000 ℃.
Near hot blast 21 inlets in filling bed stage casing carbide temperature is preferably 300～700 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then charing can't fully be carried out if this is, if productive rate too high then carbide reduces and equipment cost raises.More preferably 400～700 ℃, most preferably be 400～600 ℃.
The temperature of cold wind 23 is preferably below 200 ℃.More preferably below 100 ℃.Cool off inefficent if temperature is too high.
The temperature of the waste gas of discharging from filling bed 12 tops is preferably 50～300 ℃ of degree.Temperature is crossed low then moisture can not fully be discharged from filling bed if this is, tar ingredients is excessive from the discharge of filling bed if temperature is too high, and the productive rate of carbide reduces, and produces the tar problem easily in downstream.70～200 ℃ of degree more preferably.
Can be in cold wind 23 mixed tar 24, tar 24 preferably uses by separating machine 311 isolated tar 34.Through mixed tar 24 in cold wind 23, the part of tar 24 is contained in and generates in the carbide 2, therefore, can improve the productive rate of carbide 2.
As shown in the figure, tar 22 or tar 24 mix with hot blast 21, cold wind 23 and in stove, supply with, but also can not mix with hot blast 5 and directly filling bed 12 supplies in stove.
As shown in the figure, cold wind 23 is supplied with through hot-wind inlet from the stove bottom, but also can supply with from the horizontal use nozzle of stove.
Through tar 34 being separated, can effectively utilize tar and improve the productive rate of carbide 2 by separating machine 311.
Through acetic acid 33 being separated by separating machine 311, compare with the situation of not separating acetic acid, can reduce the acetate component of supplying with to partial combustion machine 312, so have following effectiveness.The first, the temperature of the partial combustion machine 312 under the same air ratio is risen, supply with necessary heat to charring furnace 10 easily.The second, because the water vapour that contains in the hot blast 5 is reduced, so have the effect of the carbon consumption reaction that inhibition causes based on the water vapour in the charring furnace, the raising that brings the carbide productive rate.
The heat of waste gas 38 can be used for the drying of raw material 1 etc.
Use Fig. 5 that another embodiment of the present invention is described.
Among Fig. 5, replace cold wind 23 and tar 24 among Fig. 4, the part of waste gas 3 is used as cold wind 523.
The tar that contains generation in the waste gas 3, and be low temperature, therefore can help the cooling of the carbide in charring furnace 10 and the productive rate of carbide 2 to improve.
Compare the situation of Fig. 4, further simplified apparatus among Fig. 5 is low cost.
Use Fig. 6 that another embodiment of the present invention is described.
Omitted the separating machine 311 among Fig. 5 among Fig. 6.
The tar that contains generation in the waste gas 3, and be low temperature, therefore can help the cooling of the carbide in charring furnace 10 and the productive rate of carbide 2 to improve.
Compare the situation of Fig. 5, further simplified apparatus among Fig. 6 is low cost.
[embodiment 1]
Use equipment same as shown in Figure 3,, make the test of biomass charcoal biomass carbonization.
For the situation of mixed tar 4 in hot blast 5 and the situation of mixed tar 4 not, carried out the comparison of the productive rate of carbide 2.As raw material 1, use the empty fruit cluster (residue of the biomass system that empty fruit bunch (EFB) is constituted of the oil palm that in generating palmitic process, produces.The water ratio of EFB is 30 quality %.
In hot blast 5 under the situation of mixed tar 4 (the present invention's example), be made as 1 o'clock in mass rate the raw material 1 of dry substrate, the mass rate of the tar that is mixed in hot blast 54 is made as 0.1.The temperature that is blown into of hot blast 5 is 930 ℃, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
Under the situation of unmixed tar 4 (comparative example), the temperature that is blown into of hot blast 5 is 910 ℃ in hot blast 5, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
In hot blast 5 under the situation of the comparative example of unmixed tar 4, be made as 1 o'clock in mass rate the raw material 1 of dry substrate, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.25.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 25%.On the other hand, under the situation of the present invention example that is mixed with tar 4, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.28.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 28%.The application of the invention method, the carbide productive rate improves more than one one-tenth.
[embodiment 2]
Use equipment same as shown in Figure 4, carry out the test of making biomass charcoal with embodiment 1 identical biomass carbonization.
For the situation of mixed tar in hot blast 21 and cold wind 23 and the situation of mixed tar not, carry out the comparison of the productive rate of carbide 2.
In hot blast 21 and cold wind 23 under the situation of mixed tar 22,24 (the present invention's example); Mass rate at the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1 is 1 o'clock; If being mixed in the mass rate of the tar 22 of hot blast 21 is 0.1, the mass rate of establishing the tar 24 that is mixed in cold wind 23 is 0.03.The temperature that is blown into of hot blast 21 is 990 ℃, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The temperature of cold wind 23 is 80 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
Under the situation of unmixed tar 22,24 (comparative example), the temperature that is blown into of hot blast 21 is 910 ℃ in hot blast 21 and cold wind 23, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The temperature of cold wind 23 is 80 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
In hot blast 21 and cold wind 23 under the situation of the comparative example of unmixed tar 22,24, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.25.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 25%.On the other hand, under the situation of the present invention example of having mixed tar 22,24, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.29.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 29%.The application of the invention method, the carbide productive rate improves more than 1.5 one-tenth.
[embodiment 3]
Use equipment same as shown in Figure 5, carry out the test of making biomass charcoal with embodiment 1 identical biomass carbonization.
For the situation of mixed tar in hot blast 21 and cold wind 523 and the situation of mixed tar not, carry out the comparison of the productive rate of carbide 2.
In hot blast 21, under the situation of mixed tar 22 (the present invention's example), be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of establishing the tar 22 that is mixed in hot blast 21 is 0.1.The temperature that is blown into of hot blast 21 is 990 ℃, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The mass rate that is mixed in the tar of cold wind 523 is 0.06, and its temperature is 80 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
Under the situation of unmixed tar 22, the temperature that is blown into of hot blast 21 is 910 ℃ in hot blast 21, and carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.With the mass rate of cold wind 523 blended tar be 0.06, its temperature is 80 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
If will in hot blast 21 and cold wind 523, the situation of unmixed tar be made as comparative example, then the situation of the comparative example of the foregoing description 2 is suitable with it.Under this situation, be made as 1 o'clock in the mass rate with the raw material 1 of dry substrate, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.25.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 25%.
Under the situation of the present invention example of having mixed tar 22, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.29.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 29%.The application of the invention method, the carbide productive rate improves more than one one-tenth.In addition, in hot blast 21 under the situation of unmixed tar 22, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.26.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 26%.Thus, the carbide productive rate improves about 0.4 one-tenth.
[embodiment 4]
Use equipment same as shown in Figure 6, carry out the test of making biomass charcoal with embodiment 1 identical biomass carbonization.
In the hot blast 21 that waste gas 3 incomplete combustions are obtained, be mixed with tar, its mass rate is 0.04.In addition, because cold wind 523 also uses the part of waste gas, so be mixed with tar, its mass rate is 0.06.
From waste gas separating tar and under the situation about using as hot blast 21 and cold wind 523 (the present invention's example), the temperature that is blown into of hot blast 21 is 990 ℃ not, carbonization temperature, the carbide temperature that promptly cuts out before tight are 500 ℃.The temperature of cold wind 523 is 80 ℃.The temperature of the waste gas 3 of discharging from filling bed top is 100 ℃.
When being comparative example with the situation of unmixed tar in hot blast 21 and cold wind 523, the situation of the comparative example of the above embodiments 2 is suitable with it.
Under this situation, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, manufacturing the mass rate of carbide 2 be 0.25.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 25%.On the other hand, under the situation of the present invention example, be 1 o'clock in the mass rate of the raw material of establishing dry substrate 1, the mass rate of the carbide 2 of manufacturing is 0.27.That is, the productive rate at the carbide of dry substrate is 27%.The application of the invention method, the carbide productive rate improves 0.8 one-tenth.
[label declaration]
1 raw material, 2 carbides
3 waste gas, 4 tar
5 hot blasts, 10 charring furnaces
11 hot-wind inlets, 12 filling beds
13 cut out device, 21 hot blasts
22 tar, 23 cold wind
24 tar, 25 cold air inlets
32 gases, 33 acetic acid
34 tar, 35 air
36 hot blasts, 37 air
38 waste gas, 311 separating machines
312 partial combustion machines, 313 combustion engines
411 coolers, 523 cold wind
[embodiment 2]
In the embodiment 2, the destructive distillation resultant (gas, tar) that produces when making biomass carbonization contacts the biomass charcoal that can obtain making the charcoal in the destructive distillation resultant on the destructive distillation biomass, to separate out with high temperature with the destructive distillation biomass that obtain through biomass carbonization.Thus, tar that produces in the time of can making biomass carbonization and gas vol can improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal for minimum.With regard to the biomass charcoal that obtains in the embodiment 2, owing to directly adhere to differently with tar etc., coking is also adhered to as the state of charcoal; So it is low to contain the oxygen rate, thermal value raises, and volatile matter is few; Reactive low and ignition properties also reduces; Security improves, and for high-quality, can particularly smelt iron to iron and steel technology, steel making working procedure preferably uses as the raw material of wood-charcoal of sintering oven.
Biomass are meant have been gathered certain a certain amount of animal and plant resource and has been the general name of the waste of origin with it.But fossil resource does not belong to biomass.The biomass of using in the embodiment 2 can use agricultural system, forestry system, department of animal husbandry, aquatic products system, discard the carrying out thermolysis of system etc. and generate all biomass of carbide.Preferred use the high biomass of efficient heat generation amount, and preferably to use wooden be biomass.As woody biomass include: pulp black liquor and wood chips for paper-products, bark, sawdust and other wood processing byproducts, branches, leaves, trees, forest residues short size material materials, cedar, cypress, etc. pine harvesting materials, waste from edible mushrooms wood forest products such as specialty materials, chinquapin, Quercus serrata, pine firewood wood, willow, poplar, eucalyptus, pine and other short-rotation forestry Forestry Department of Health substances, city, town, village, street trees, individual houses garden pruning the branches of trees and other general waste, country, county street trees, corporate garden pruning the branches of trees, building / construction waste and other industrial waste and the like.By agricultural be biomass classification, be the rice husk, straw, rice bar, sugarcane gas, palm etc. in generation source with waste/by product, be that the agriculturals such as rice bran, Semen Brassicae campestris, soybean in generation source are that also to can be used as wooden be that biomass are fit to uses for the part of biomass with the energy crops.
In addition, the destructive distillation of biomass is meant the thermolysis of biomass, cuts off or the supply of limit air (oxygen) and heat and obtain the technology of the resultant of gas (being also referred to as wood gas), liquid (tar), solid (charcoal).Also sometimes following material is called tar; Be about to liquid that the thermolysis biomass obtain through leaving standstill or distill the fraction of the high viscosity of separating the chocolate of having removed the transparent liquid (acetic acid) of brown, but the liquid that in embodiment 2, will mix the state of tar and acetic acid is called tar.
Use Fig. 7 that one embodiment of embodiment 2 is described.110 expression gas retorts, 120 expression coking furnaces, the generation burning of gas stove that 130 expressions are produced by coking furnace.Biomass 101 are supplied with to gas retort 110 through not shown feedway, generate destructive distillation biomass (charcoal) 102 and destructive distillation resultant (gas, tar) 103.Destructive distillation biomass 102 are supplied with to coking furnace 120 through not shown feedway, simultaneously, destructive distillation resultant 103 are also supplied with to coking furnace 120.In coking furnace 120, destructive distillation resultant 103 contacts with destructive distillation biomass 102, on destructive distillation biomass 102, separates out the charcoal in the destructive distillation resultant 103.Biomass charcoal 105 after charcoal is separated out is discharged from coking furnace 120, is used in iron and steel technology etc.On the other hand, destructive distillation resultant 103 lighting owing to the separating out of charcoal in the coking furnace 120 is discharged as light gas 106 from coking furnace 120.Light gas 106 is owing to be the main body with lower hydrocarbon and hydrogen, so burn through combustion unit 130, is used as the thermal source of gas retort 110 and coking furnace 120.The fuel gas of supplying with from the outside beyond the 108 expression light gas, 109 expression combustion airs.
Biomass through the heating and by thermolysis, the moisture evaporation in the biomass, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are discharged from as volatile matter.Through the evaporation of moisture or the volatilization of volatile matter, in biomass, find pore.But generate the position of tar such as physical/chemical ground adsorbed hydrocarbons at the pore internal surface that produces.Tar is invaded this pore, is adsorbed in to physical/chemical biomass.Under the situation that the biomass with this tar absorption further heat, tar produces dehydrogenation reaction, and heaviness finally becomes carbide.In addition, also generate the position of adsorbable tar on the biomass surface through heating, also produce same phenomenon on the biomass surface.
Like above-mentioned record, charcoal at first is that tar is adsorbed in the destructive distillation biomass to separating out of destructive distillation biomass, follows adsorbed tar dehydrogenation, and charcoal is separated out.The specific surface area of therefore, destructive distillation biomass, pore volume, average fine pore become important.Even specific surface area and pore volume are fully big, under the little situation of average fine pore, tar can not invaded in the pore yet, and adsorptive capacity is few.Therefore, preferred average fine pore is more than 1 nanometer, and therefore, the specific surface area of preferred destructive distillation biomass is 10m
2More than/the g.The specific surface area of destructive distillation biomass is big more, and then pore volume increases more, and average fine pore becomes big more, and the gas that is produced by the destructive distillation of biomass becomes greatly with the contact area of tar, a large amount of carbon components is adhered on the destructive distillation biomass separate out.If specific surface area is less than 10m
2/ g, then pore volume is little, and fine pore is less than 1 nanometer, and the adsorptive capacity of tar is few, and charcoal is separated out minimizing.
The pyrolysis temperature of biomass needs only the TR in the dehydration of biomass and the generation of destructive distillation resultant, and the specific surface area that needs only in destructive distillation biomass 102 is 10m
2450～800 ℃ above scope of/g gets final product.When considering the productive rate of biomass charcoal 105, more preferably carry out destructive distillation with 450～700 ℃.
The temperature of coking furnace 120 is the not pyrogenous condition of biomass 101 in coking furnace 120, is preferably the TR equal with gas retort 110.In addition, the residence time of the destructive distillation biomass 102 in coking furnace 120 is preferably the pore of destructive distillation biomass 102 owing to separate out charcoal the time till the obturation.After pore entirely shut, when further separating out charcoal, the charcoal in the destructive distillation resultant 103 was separated out on the surface of destructive distillation biomass 102, and destructive distillation biomass 102 produce adhesion, consolidated block each other, and therefore, it is bad in coking furnace 120, to bring furnace charge to fall sometimes.The specific surface area of residence time according to the destructive distillation biomass suits to determine.
As long as gas retort 110 can destructive distillation biomass 101, can use common batch-type, rotary type, shaft furnace etc.The preferred use can be used as the rotary type that continuous processing adopts.
Because destructive distillation biomass 102 contact with destructive distillation resultant 103 equably, and need and on destructive distillation biomass 102, separate out charcoal, so coking furnace 120 is preferably filling bed or mobile layer mode with 103 decomposition of destructive distillation resultant.
For the heating means of gas retort 110 and even coking furnace 120, can make light gas 106 burnings that produce from coking furnace 120 and heating and carry out, and also can make 8 burnings of fuel gas such as heavy oil, propane in addition and use as heated air.In addition, except the method that makes fuel gas, also can heat through electrically heated.If be electrically heated situation, then can gas retort 110 and coking furnace 120 be cut apart respectively and carry out temperature control.
In gas retort 110, during destructive distillation biomass 101, consider destructive distillation biomass 102 atomizing situation.In this case, in order to alleviate the pressure-losses in the coking furnace 120, also can remove the powder in the resulting destructive distillation biomass 102, and be supplied to coking furnace 120.The method of removing of powder is as long as use methods such as present known sieve or air classification.The sieve granularity is according to the operational condition decision of coking furnace 120.
The destructive distillation biomass 102 of material of supplying with to coking furnace 120 for biomass carbonization is formed, but the material with specific surface area identical with the destructive distillation biomass also can be appended in the destructive distillation biomass 102 and uses.It for example is biomass charcoal, gac etc. after carrying out destructive distillation in addition and handling replace coal in iron and steel technology material.
Use Fig. 8 that another embodiment of embodiment 2 is described.Fig. 7 is that gas retort 110 is routine for the invention of the situation of shaft furnace 160 for rotary kiln 150, coking furnace 120.140 for the biomass weigh feeder is a screw feeder, and 150 is indirect heating mode rotary kiln, and 160 is shaft furnace, and 111 are coking portion, and 112 is the cooling end of biomass charcoal.Supplied with from top to shaft furnace 160 by rotary kiln 150 pyrogenous destructive distillation biomass 102, the biomass charcoal 105 that the carbon component of destructive distillation resultant 103 has been separated out is discharged from the bottom after cooling end 112 is through nitrogen 113 coolings.
Cooling gas 113 is as long as be rare gas element.In addition, the biomass charcoal 105 of discharging from cooling end 112 needs only in the TR of misfiring, as long as below 200 ℃.More preferably below 100 ℃.
[embodiment 1]
Use equipment same as shown in Figure 8, carry out the destructive distillation of biomass and the coking test that produces gas.Wherein, the heating means of rotary kiln 150 and shaft furnace (coking furnace) 160 are 3 electrically heated cut apart, and the light gas that produces from shaft furnace 160 is discharged to outside the system.The internal diameter of rotary kiln 150 is 15cm, and length is 1.0m, and the pitch angle is 1 degree, for the destructive distillation time, will turn round rotating speed and be made as 1.5rpm, and then be about 50 minutes.The internal diameter of shaft furnace 160 is that 6.6cm, length are 40.0cm, utilizes the turning valve of being located at stove top to supply with destructive distillation biomass 102, discharges biomass charcoal 105 from the turning valve of being located at the bottom.The adjustment of the residence time of charges is carried out through adjusting initial fill-up in the stove of shaft furnace 160.Use the China fir of crushing and classification as biomass as 3mm～10mm.The composition of the employed biomass of table 1 expression.
Table 1 is
Biomass feed speed to rotary kiln is 1.0kg/h, reclaim the destructive distillation biomass from rotary kiln 150, and filling is in shaft furnace 160.Make test conditions variation as shown in table 2, carry out the test of the present invention's example 1～8, the biomass charcoal of mensuration manufacturing, gas, tar, the productive rate of moisture, the specific surface area of destructive distillation biomass, the gas composition of manufacturing.The result is shown in table 2 in the lump.
Table 2
Secondly,, except that not using shaft furnace 160, likewise make an experiment, obtain comparative example 1～6 with above-mentioned according to above-mentioned.Except the specific surface area of destructive distillation biomass, also measure pore volume, average fine pore.Test conditions and result are shown in table 2 in the lump.
Can know according to table 2, be attached to the destructive distillation biomass through making the tar, the gas that utilize shaft furnace 160 to produce through rotary kiln, heat and charing, the productive rate of biomass charcoal improves thus.In addition, tar ingredients is used the analysis of GC-MS (with the direct banded spectrometry mass of gas chromatograph), and its result can know and is lighting.In rotary kiln pyrolysis temperature and shaft furnace coking temperature are the present invention's example 1～5,7,8 of 400～700 ℃, obtain the high productive rate more than the 23 quality %, but rotary kiln pyrolysis temperature and shaft furnace coking temperature are that productive rate is low slightly among the present invention routine 6 of 800 ℃.
In addition, the rotary kiln pyrolysis temperature is that the specific surface area of destructive distillation biomass is less than 10m in 400 ℃ the comparative example 6
2/ g, average fine pore is less than 1 nanometer, and rotary kiln pyrolysis temperature and shaft furnace coking temperature are in the present invention's example 8 of 400 ℃, to compare with comparative example 6, and the productive rate of biomass charcoal does not almost increase.
[label declaration]
101 biomass, 102 destructive distillation biomass
103 destructive distillation resultants (gas, tar), 104 combustion exhaust
105 biomass charcoals, 106 light gas
The fuel gas of supplying with from the outside beyond 107 combustion exhaust, 108 light gas
109 combustion airs, 110 gas retorts
111 coking portions, 112 cooling ends
113 cooling gases, 120 coking furnaces
130 roasting kilns, 140 biomass weigh feeders
150 indirect heating rotary kilns, 160 shaft furnaces
[embodiment 3]
In the embodiment 3, when biomass carbonization is made biomass charcoal, use the stove of the filling mobile layer mode of double-tower type.The stove of the filling mobile layer mode of double-tower type is a kind of of pit furnace, is also referred to as horse Wurz (Maerz) stove.Horse Wurz (Maerz) stove is through repeating burning and accumulation of heat alternately at two perpendicular type wells connected to one another, thereby cuts down pyrogen unit, and can produce stable and high-quality product, can know with rotary kiln etc. and compare that thermo-efficiency is good.At present, horse Wurz (Maerz) stove is as uses such as lime firing furnaces, in each perpendicular type well, utilize from above the air supplied with make the fuel gas that is blown into from the burner gun that inserts in the filling bed, through this combustion heat calcine stone (CaCO
3) etc.Under the situation of Wingdale, burn till and be unslaked lime (CaO).Combustion gases move to the below of shaft furnace, and Wingdale in another shaft furnace etc. is carried out preheating.A shaft furnace is for burning till usefulness, and another is used for preheating.Periodically carry out the supply of fuel alternately to a perpendicular type well via burner gun.
Use the stove of the filling mobile layer mode of this double-tower type with two gas retorts connected to one another that biomass are carried out destructive distillation; Thus; The gas that produces through the destructive distillation in the biomass of a gas retort and tar are contacted with biomass in another gas retort; During the destructive distillation of the biomass in carrying out another gas retort, can make to adhere on the biomass of carbon component in another gas retort in gas and the tar and separate out.Promptly; Biomass in the destructive distillation resultant (gas, tar) that when biomass carbonization, produces and another gas retort, the destructive distillation biomass that obtain through biomass carbonization are contacted with high temperature, can obtain the biomass charcoal that the charcoal in the destructive distillation resultant is separated out effectively.Thus, the tar of the generation in the time of can making biomass carbonization and gas vol can improve the productive rate of biomass charcoal for minimum.In order to promote the charing of destructive distillation resultant, the bottom of also preferably only heating gas retort separately.With regard to the biomass charcoal that obtains in the embodiment 3; Since with tar etc. directly adhere to different, as coking the state of charcoal adhere to, so volatile matter is few; For high-quality, can particularly smelt iron to iron and steel technology, steel making working procedure is fit to use as the raw material of wood-charcoal of sintering oven.
In addition, the destructive distillation of biomass is meant the thermolysis of biomass, and the supply of cut-out or limit air (oxygen) is also heated, and obtains the technology of the resultant of gas (being also referred to as wood gas), liquid (tar), solid (charcoal).Also sometimes following material is called tar; Be about to liquid that the thermolysis biomass obtain through leaving standstill or distill the fraction of the high viscosity of separating the chocolate of removing the transparent liquid of brown (acetic acid), but the liquid that in embodiment 3, will mix the state of tar and acetic acid is called tar.
Use Fig. 9 that one embodiment of embodiment 3 is described.
Fig. 9 is to use the biomass charcoal manufacturing installation of stove of the filling mobile layer mode of double-tower type.Utilize not shown shredder assembly to be broken into to pack into the biomass 202 of the size of gas retort main body 201 to be supplied to gas retort main body 201 through not shown feedway.Gas retort main body 201 structure that to be gas retort A (among Fig. 9 left side) 203 be connected in the bottom with gas retort B (right side among Fig. 9) 204, the biomass 202 of the gas retort main body 201 of packing at first are fills up to gas retort B204 through raw material switching valve 205.Reach moment of prescribed value in filling in the level of the biomass of gas retort B204, raw material switching valve 205 switches to gas retort A203, supplies with biomass 202 to gas retort A203.Is the moment of specified amount in filling in the level of the biomass of gas retort A203, temporarily stops to pack into of biomass 202, the beginning destructive distillation.
At first, in order to supply with the required heat of destructive distillation at gas retort A203, and see air 209 off, make fuel 208 burnings of discharging from spray gun A206 to the spray gun A206 fueling 208 that is disposed and from the top of gas retort A203.Spray gun A206 disposes with the such mode of the X-X ' section (Fig. 9) of gas retort A203 shown in figure 10.After the spray gun B207 that states dispose too.Combustion gases and carbonizing gas/tar 221 is supplied with heat to biomass on one side and in filling bed 210, is moved downwards on one side, get in the gas retort B204, on one side biomass in the preheating gas retort B204 mobile biomass filling bed 211 in towards the top on one side.At this moment, the part of the carbonizing gas/tar that produces because of destructive distillation contacts with biomass charcoal or the biomass in gas retort A203 and the gas retort B204, adsorbs and/or absorbs and adhere to and separate out carbon component.Removed to the combustion gases of biomass supply heat and the carbonizing gas 212 of tar and discharged, removed the dust constituent in the gas through 1 precipitron 213 from gas retort B204.From the carbonizing gas 214 of 1 precipitron 213 discharge is light hydrocarbons such as CO and methane, is supplied to gas retort A203 as the required thermal source of destructive distillation.At this moment, the fuel 208 that at first uses is cut down the amount of the heat of the carbonizing gas of being supplied with 214.In the temperature of being located at the TM between gas retort A203 and the gas retort B204 is the moment of specified temperature, and the biomass charcoal 223 in the filling bed 210 is discharged from outlet valve A215, is discharged to outside the system by outlet valve 216.At this, temporarily stop to the fuel feed of gas retort A203, the supply of carbonizing gas.Raw material switching valve 205 switches to gas retort A203 side, the biomass 202 of in gas retort A203, packing into.Then, the spray gun B207 fueling 208 in being disposed at gas retort B204, and send into air 209, make fuel 208 burnings of discharging from spray gun B207.Combustion gases as stated with in the gas retort B204 by the biomass carbonization of preheating, and produce biomass charcoal and carbonizing gas/tar.Combustion gases and carbonizing gas/tar are supplied with heat to biomass on one side and in biomass filling bed 211, are moved downwards on one side, get in the gas retort A203, on one side biomass in the preheating gas retort A203 mobile biomass filling bed 210 in towards the top on one side.At this moment, the tar that produces because of destructive distillation is by biomass charcoal in gas retort B204 and the gas retort A201 or biomass absorption and/or absorb.Removed to the combustion gases of biomass supply heat and the carbonizing gas 212 of tar and discharged, removed the dust constituent in the gas through 1 precipitron 213 from gas retort A203.From the carbonizing gas 214 of 1 precipitron 213 discharge is light hydrocarbons such as CO and methane, is supplied with to gas retort B204 as the thermal source that destructive distillation is required.At this moment, the amount that the fuel 208 that at first uses is only cut down the heat of the carbonizing gas of being supplied with 214.In the temperature of being located at the TM between gas retort B204 and the gas retort A203 is the moment of specified temperature, and the biomass charcoal in the gas retort B204 is discharged through outlet valve B217, utilizes outlet valve 216 to be discharged to outside the system.
Through repeating above operation, the biomass charcoal of the charcoal in the destructive distillation resultant that manufacturing produces when separating out biomass carbonization with biomass carbonization and on pyrogenous biomass.
The lower limit of the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass in gas retort is preferably from biomass and produces more than the temperature of carbonizing gas/tar.Common biomass are preferably more than 400 ℃.On the other hand, in the carbonizing gas/tar of biomass, except containing the biomass adhesive water, also contain the moisture that produces through decomposition.In the embodiment 3, be purpose, be limited on the preferred heating/pyrolysis temperature and significantly do not produce below the temperature that moisture reacts with the recovery that improves charcoal in the biomass.Common biomass are preferably below 800 ℃.More preferably 450～750 ℃.
In order to make biomass charcoal, preferably carry out, but particularly preferably implement with low heat-up rate at low temperatures, and the residence time in the gas retort is implemented more longways with aforesaid temperature condition from the biomass high productivity.Through increasing the residence time, the tar ingredients of generation etc. are utilized the biomass charcoal of gas retort bottom easily and are adhered to.Particularly; Shown in figure 11; Will be in gas retort do not handle the biomass charcoal that make and all discharge, and can discharge 50 volume % of the biomass gas retort in, and pass through productive rate at the new biomass raising biomass charcoal of the top filling of the biomass charcoal of 50 residual volume % through 1 time.Shown in Figure 11 (a)～(f), make biomass charcoal.
(a): with the biomass carbonization of gas retort A203.
(b): a part of discharging the biomass charcoal of making at gas retort A203.
(c): to the gas retort A203 biomass 202a that newly packs into.
(d): with the biomass carbonization of gas retort B204.
(e): the part of the biomass charcoal that will make at gas retort B204 is discharged.
(f): to the gas retort B204 biomass 202b that newly packs into.
Preferably from the residence time in gas retort that biomass are encased in till the discharge be more than 30 minutes.Under less than 30 minutes situation, charing is insufficient, and the net calorific value that possibly produce biomass charcoal sometimes reduces.In addition, for the residence time that surpasses 60 minutes, the productive rate of biomass charcoal reduces, and needs to increase the volume of gas retort, so be uneconomic.For example in the situation that every above-mentioned 50 volume % discharge, be located at residence time in the gas retort and be under 30 minutes the situation; A destructive distillation time is 7.5 minutes, becomes to separate out adhering to of 7.5 minutes → carbon component of (storage period) 7.5 minutes → destructive distillation of 7.5 minutes → carbon component of destructive distillation and separate out (storage period) 7.5 minutes.Residence time was become necessarily with 30 minutes; When per 1/3 (33 volume %) discharges; Become 5 minutes 5 minutes → storage periods of destructive distillation 5 minutes → destructive distillation, 5 minutes → storage period, 5 minutes → destructive distillation, 5 minutes → storage period; When per 1/4 (25 volume %) discharges, become 3.75 minutes 3.75 minutes → storage periods of destructive distillation 3.75 minutes → destructive distillation, 3.75 minutes → storage period 3.75 minutes → destructive distillation, 3.75 minutes → storage period, 3.75 minutes → destructive distillation, 3.75 minutes → storage period.Improve on this point at productive rate, preferably on equipment, make a destructive distillation time short in the attainable scope.
The spray gun of being located in the gas retort also can be 1, but considers that preferred disposition is a plurality of under the situation of the heat supply in filling bed.
Though the biomass charcoal that obtains can directly use in steel making technology, preferably form as required or micronization is used.Be shaped as long as use rolling granulation that the rotating disk that utilizes carries out, the extrusion molding that pushes from mould cylindraceous, compressing forming machine etc. from the briquetting roller of powder to the mould on rotation roller surface that supply with, normally used forming mill.Micronization is as long as use normally used roller mill, rod mill etc.
The fuel pyrogenous thermal source, that supply with from spray gun at gas retort that is used for biomass needs only use heavy oil, Sweet natural gas, LPG liquefied petroleum gas etc., as long as can supply with from spray gun.
The biomass charcoal that reclaims from gas retort is discharged from after pyroprocessing, therefore, considers the security of ignition etc., is preferably cooled off by rare gas element etc.As long as cooling temperature is 200 ℃ of degree, more preferably below 100 ℃.
Figure 12 representes another embodiment of the present invention.It is the situation that carbonizing gas 214 is supplied with in roasting kiln 218 burning and to gas retort 203,204 separately.
[embodiment 1]
Use equipment shown in Figure 13 to carry out the destructive distillation test of biomass.Gas retort A203, gas retort B204 are internal diameter 100mm, length 400mm, at hot blast sending spparatus 225 nitrogen 226 are heated to specified temperature, heat through supply.
The composition of the employed biomass of table 3 expression.
Table 3
In advance the biomass shown in the table 3 are pulverized, filling is in gas retort A203 and gas retort B204.The nitrogen that is heated to specified temperature 226 is blowed to gas retort A203; Implement 7.5 minutes destructive distillation, the supply that stops to heat nitrogen, the level of the upper surface of the content of mensuration gas retort A203 from gas retort A203 bottom; And discharge 1/2 volume, newly supply with biomass 202 to gas retort A203.Secondly, will heat nitrogen and supply with, carry out 7.5 minutes destructive distillation equally, discharge 1/2 volume from gas retort B204 to gas retort B204.Repeat this operation.The destructive distillation of biomass is carried out at twice, and the residence time in gas retort that is encased in till the discharge from biomass is 30 minutes.The feed speed of biomass is 2.0kg/h.Make Heating temperature (hot blast temperature) variation as shown in table 4 of nitrogen 226, carry out the test of the present invention's example 1～6.
Table 4
In each test, the temperature of the nitrogen+carbonizing gas that will discharge from gas retort A203, B204 is shown in table 4 in the lump as the carbonizing gas temperature out.Carry out this operation of 6 hours, measure the proterties (composition) of the biomass charcoal 223 of discharging, calculate the biomass charcoal productive rate according to the ash content concentration that is contained.In addition, the productive rate of the gas of mensuration recovery, tar, moisture.The result is shown in table 4 in the lump.
Secondly, discharge, the destructive distillation time once of biomass in gas retort was made as 5 minutes from per 1/3 volume of gas retort, in addition, to carry out the test of the present invention's example 7 with the invention described above example 5 identical conditions.The destructive distillation of biomass divides to be carried out for three times, and the residence time in gas retort that is encased in till the discharge from biomass is 30 minutes.The result is shown in table 4 in the lump.
And then, the result who only uses gas retort A203 to carry out the pyrogenous situation of biomass is shown in table 4 in the lump as comparative example 1.
Can know according to table 4; Through according to having used the inventive method that connects the device that two gas retorts form to make biomass charcoal; Can make tar, the gas of generation be attached to the destructive distillation biomass, heat and charing, the productive rate of side's biomass charcoal that pyrolysis temperature is low improves.In addition, under the identical situation of the residence time in gas retort till being loaded to discharge from biomass, 1 time destructive distillation time, short side's productive rate improved.And then can know that for tar ingredients, using the result of the analysis of GC-MS (spectrometry mass that directly links gas chromatograph) is lighting.
Label declaration
201 gas retort main bodys, 202 (202a, 202b) biomass
203 gas retort A, 204 gas retort B
205 raw material switching valves, 206 spray gun A
207 spray gun B, 208 fuel
209 air, 210 biomass filling beds
211 biomass filling beds, 212 carbonizing gas
213 1 precipitrons, 214 carbonizing gas
215 outlet valve A, 216 outlet valves
217 outlet valve B, 218 roasting kilns
221 carbonizing gas/tar, 222 supply valves
223 biomass charcoals, 225 hot air generators
226 nitrogen
Claims (24)
1. the method for manufacture of a biomass charcoal, wherein,
Make biomass carbonated and the formation biomass charcoal,
The waste gas that will contain the tar that when said charing, produces is discharged,
At least a portion of said tar in the said waste gas is contacted with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal,
Make at least a portion of the said tar that contacts with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal change into carbide.
2. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Drop into biomass from the top or the top, side of shaft furnace,
From the bottom of said shaft furnace or to lean on the position of below than the drain position of said waste gas be that the bottom, side is blown into hot blast,
In said shaft furnace, make said biomass carbonated and form biomass charcoal,
The waste gas that will contain the tar that when said charing, produces is discharged from the top or the top, side of said shaft furnace,
At least a portion of said tar in the said waste gas is blown into said shaft furnace and contacts with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal,
At least a portion of the said tar that will contact with said biomass and/or said biomass charcoal is converted into carbide.
3. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
At least a portion and the said hot blast of the said tar in the said waste gas together are blown into said shaft furnace.
4. like the method for manufacture of claim 2 or 3 described biomass charcoals, wherein,
Use gas from the bottom or the cooling of side underfeed of said shaft furnace.
5. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 4, wherein,
Said cooling is used said waste gas with gas circulation.
6. like the method for manufacture of claim 4 or 5 described biomass charcoals, wherein,
A part and the said cooling of said tar are supplied with in the stove with gas one in the same way.
7. like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in the claim 2～6, wherein,
Separate said tar from said waste gas, and the said tar after will separating is blown into shaft furnace.
8. like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in the claim 2～7, wherein,
Said waste gas is burnt less than 1 with air ratio, be blown into shaft furnace as hot blast.
9. like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in the claim 2～8, wherein,
The carbonization temperature of said biomass charcoal is 300～700 ℃.
10. like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in the claim 2～9, wherein,
The temperature of said waste gas is 50～300 ℃.
11. like the method for manufacture of each described biomass charcoal in the claim 2～10, wherein,
Said hot blast is anaerobic or hypoxemia, and temperature is 400～1200 ℃.
12. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The charing of said biomass through from the top of shaft furnace or top, side to said shaft furnace drop into biomass and from the bottom of shaft furnace or the bottom, side be blown into hot blast and carry out,
The discharge of said waste gas through from the top of shaft furnace or top, side discharge the waste gas that contains the tar that produces when the said charing and carry out,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar at least a portion through the tar in the waste gas that will produce when the said charing is blown into said shaft furnace and carries out.
13. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Biomass carbonization is formed the destructive distillation biomass,
The gas that destructive distillation through said biomass is produced contacts with said destructive distillation biomass with tar, carbon component in said gas and the said tar is adhered on said destructive distillation biomass separate out.
14. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
The specific surface area of said destructive distillation biomass is 10m
2More than/the g.
15. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
The pyrolysis temperature of biomass is 450 ℃～700 ℃, and the temperature that the carbon component in gas and the tar is adhered on the destructive distillation biomass when separating out is 450～700 ℃.
16. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
Said destructive distillation is carried out through the rotary type gas retort.
17. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
Carbon component in the said tar carries out to separating out adhering to of destructive distillation biomass through filling bed or mobile layer mode coking furnace.
18. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The charing of said biomass comprises biomass carbonization, generates destructive distillation biomass and the waste gas that contains tar, and with the coking of said destructive distillation biomass,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar comprises the waste gas that contains said tar is contacted with said destructive distillation biomass, carbon component in said gas and the said tar is adhered on said destructive distillation biomass separate out.
19. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1,
Use has the stove of filling mobile layer mode of the double-tower type of two gas retorts connected to one another biomass carbonization is made biomass charcoal, wherein,
Gas that destructive distillation through the biomass in a gas retort produces and tar are contacted with biomass in another gas retort,
Make to adhere on the biomass of carbon component in said another gas retort in said gas and the said tar during destructive distillation of the biomass in said another gas retort and separate out.
20. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
The pyrolysis temperature of the biomass in the gas retort is made as 400 ℃～800 ℃.
21. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
The residence time of the biomass in the gas retort was made as more than 30 minutes.
22. the method for manufacture of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
It is interior with biomass carbonization that the charing of said biomass is included in first gas retort, produces gas and tar,
The contact of at least a portion of said tar; Comprise the gas that in first gas retort, produces and tar are contacted with biomass in second gas retort, make to adhere on said gas and the biomass of said tar in second gas retort during destructive distillation of the biomass in second gas retort and separate out.
23. the manufacturing installation of a biomass charcoal has:
With the biomass carbonated shaft furnace of making biomass charcoal;
Be arranged at the input port of biomass on top or the top, side of said shaft furnace;
Be arranged at the relief outlet of waste gas on top or the top, side of said shaft furnace;
Be arranged at said shaft furnace the bottom or than said relief outlet lean on the position of below be the bottom, side hot blast be blown into mouth; And
At least a portion that makes said waste gas with air ratio less than 1 incendiary partial combustion machine.
24. the manufacturing installation of biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 23, wherein,
Also has the separating machine of isolating gaseous constituent and tar from waste gas at least.
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| JP2009071488 | 2009-03-24 | ||
| JP2009071480 | 2009-03-24 | ||
| PCT/JP2010/055492 WO2010110470A1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-23 | Method for producing biomass charcoal and device for producing biomass charcoal to be used therefor |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101319737B1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
| KR20120004437A (en) | 2012-01-12 |
| JP5810122B2 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
| CN102388119B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| JP2013129849A (en) | 2013-07-04 |
| JP5647286B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| JP2013129850A (en) | 2013-07-04 |
| JP2013177593A (en) | 2013-09-09 |
| MY155415A (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| JP5653640B2 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
| JP5529995B2 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| WO2010110470A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP2010248061A (en) | 2010-11-04 |
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