CN102386425A - 燃料电池系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
燃料电池系统(10)具有:燃料电池组(11);从氢罐(22)供给氢的氢供给系统;利用空气压缩机供给作为氧化剂的空气的氧化剂气体供给系统;测定燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定部(13);转换发出的电力的DC/DC转换器(14);包含贮存电力的二次电池(15)等的电气系统;及驱动车辆的驱动系统(50)。在从间歇运转中发电停止的状态起关闭点火开关而变为发电停止的情况下,阻抗测定部(13)避免因空气供给延迟产生的燃料电池单元的过渡状态,在空气供给稳定后执行阻抗测定。
Description
本申请为2008年12月1日提交的、申请号为200880122774.4的、发明名称为“燃料电池系统”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统,具有:燃料电池;向燃料电池供给燃料气体及氧化剂气体的气体供给单元;及测定燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定单元。
背景技术
近年,公开了燃料气体使用氢及氧化剂气体使用氧并利用该电化学反应产生电能的燃料电池,用于车辆、船舶及小型的发电机等中。它们中使用的燃料电池利用电化学反应产生电能并生成反应水。生成的反应水的大部分被排出至燃料电池外,但一部分反应水残留在燃料电池内部。特别是由于车辆在冰点以下的低温环境使用,因此在燃料电池内残留的反应水会冻结,存在反应气体不能到达燃料电池的阳极及阴极,燃料电池不能发电的问题。
为了解决这样的问题,在专利文献1中公开了在发电停止时利用空气压缩机进行扫气动作而除去燃料电池内部的不需要的水分。具体而言,公开了利用交流阻抗法测定内部电阻而间接地把握燃料电池单元内部的水分量,判断扫气结束时期而对燃料电池单元内部的水分进行扫气的技术。
公知燃料电池的内部电阻对内部的电解质膜的湿润度产生影响,燃料电池的水分量较少且电解质膜干燥的情况下内部电阻变大,燃料电池的输出电压降低。另一方面,在燃料电池的水分量过剩的情况下,燃料电池的阳极及阴极由水膜覆盖,同样地燃料电池的输出电压降低。因此,燃料电池的水分量的管理很重要。
专利文献1:日本特开2007-149572号公报
通过使用上述专利文献1,一般可到适当的水分量为止进行扫气。但是,在扫气中途因某种情况反复进行强制停止扫气、重新开始后的阻抗测定中,存在扫气处理因所测定的内部电阻的异常值而停止。作为产生这样的情况的一个原因认为是在阻抗测定的原理上,在燃料电池的发电量较少的状态下,正弦波重叠能量降低,因正弦波的变形、噪声等引起误检测。
这样,特别是在从反复进行点火开关的开闭而引起的间歇运转中发电停止的状态起关闭点火开关而变为扫气停止的情况下,因空气压缩机的起动延迟,空气的供给不能充分地进行,存在不能利用阻抗测定进行正确的内部电阻测定的情况。
发明内容
因此,为了解决这样的问题,在本发明的燃料电池系统中,目的在于提供一种燃料电池系统,即使在间歇运转后也能够正确地执行阻抗测定。
为了达成以上的目的,本发明的燃料电池系统具有:燃料电池;将燃料气体及氧化剂气体供给至燃料电池的气体供给单元;及测定燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定单元,所述燃料电池系统的特征在于,供给至燃料电池的氧化剂气体是通过空气压缩机被供给的空气,阻抗测定单元根据空气压缩机的工作状况判断出成为燃料电池的发电量可变的状态后,开始阻抗测定。
另外,在本发明的燃料电池系统中,其特征在于,阻抗测定单元考虑空气压缩机的起动预计时间来执行阻抗测定。
另外,本发明的燃料电池系统中,其特征在于,阻抗测定单元在空气压缩机的转速超过预先确定的转速后执行阻抗测定。
另外,本发明的燃料电池系统中,其特征在于,阻抗测定单元在基于空气压缩机的空气流量超过预先确定的流量后执行阻抗测定。
进而,在本发明的燃料电池系统中,其特征在于,具有存储单元,存储因间歇运转而未在预定的时间内执行阻抗测定的情况,阻抗测定单元基于在存储单元中存储的间歇运转信息执行阻抗测定。
通过使用本发明的燃料电池系统,在从间歇运转中发电停止的状态起关闭点火开关而变为扫气停止的情况,考虑空气压缩机的起动延迟而进行阻抗测定,从而具有可正确地进行内部电阻的测定的效果。
另外,通过使用本发明的燃料电池系统,能够不使系统复杂化地高精度地检测出燃料电池内部残留的水分量,因此具有可适当地控制燃料电池的效果。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式的燃料电池系统的整体构成的构成图。
图2是表示燃料电池系统的钥匙开关关闭后的扫气处理的流程的流程图。
图3是说明燃料电池系统的阻抗测定要求时序的一个例子的说明图。
标号说明:
10燃料电池系统、11燃料电池组、12传感器类、13阻抗测定部、14DC/DC转换器、15二次电池、16加湿器、17空气压缩机、18空气压缩机用电动机、19空气过滤器、20循环泵、21循环泵用电动机、22氢罐、23阀、30控制部、50驱动系统、51变换器、52驱动电动机、53车轮
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对用于实施本发明的最佳方式(以下称为实施方式)进行说明。
图1是表示搭载在车辆上的燃料电池系统10整体的构成。燃料电池系统10大致具有燃料电池组11、氢供给系统、氧化剂气体供给系统、对发出的电力进行转换/贮存的电气系统、及驱动车辆的驱动系统50。燃料电池组11由作为最小构成的燃料电池单元(单电池)的层积体构成,在向燃料电池组11供给氢气的氢供给系统中设置有贮存氢气的氢罐22、进行氢气的供给及停止供给的阀23、使从燃料电池组11排出的包含未反应氢气的废气循环到氢供给流路的循环泵20及循环泵用电动机21、排出废气的排出口。
在氧化剂气体供给系统中设置有将作为氧化剂的空气从空气过滤器19取入而向燃料电池组11供给的空气压缩机17及空气压缩机用电动机18、用于对燃料电池组11进行加湿的加湿器16、排出空气的排出口。
电气系统包括:用于将在燃料电池组11发电产生的电力向二次电池15供给的DC/DC转换器14;对燃料电池组的电流、温度、空气流量、氢气压力及加湿量进行测定而向阻抗测定部13和控制部30输出的传感器类12;测定燃料电池组11的内部电阻的阻抗测定部13;及控制它们的控制部30。
驱动系统50包括:使用由DC/DC转换器14供给的电力而控制驱动电动机52的变换器51;及将驱动电动机52的驱动力传递至车轮53的驱动机构。
阻抗测定部13具有使用从DC/DC转换器14供给的电力进行正弦波频率扫描的功能,通过测定交流阻抗的实部和虚部的值来测定作为欧姆电阻、反应电阻、扩散电阻之和的内部电阻,所述欧姆电阻为燃料电池单元的隔板、电解质膜的直流电阻量,所述反应电阻为因在催化剂作用下的化学反应产生的电阻量,所述扩散电阻为因燃料气体或氧化剂气体难于到达催化剂而产生的电阻量。
图2表示燃料电池系统的钥匙开关关闭后的扫气处理的流程。本实施方式中特殊的事项之一是从在间歇运转中发电停止了的状态起关闭点火开关(IG)而变为发电停止的情况下,阻抗测定部避免空气供给延迟引起的燃料电池单元的过渡状态,在空气供给稳定后执行阻抗测定。
本控制由在控制部30中存储的程序执行。最初,控制部30检测出点火开关等的钥匙开关被关闭(IG-OFF)的情况后,在步骤S10中,控制部30停止燃料电池组11的发电,由传感器类12测定电压、电流、燃料电池温度等。在步骤S12中,控制部30根据在控制部30中存储的前一次的钥匙开关关闭时刻和当前时刻之间的差分来对间歇运转进行判断。如果控制部30判断为处于间歇运转,则在步骤S14中使阻抗测定次数比通常的规定次数增加。另外,如果在步骤S12中判断为在最近没有间歇运转,则移向步骤S16,控制部30使燃料电池的动作模式以小、中、大输出中的大输出进行工作。
控制部30在步骤S16中使空气压缩机动作,使空气压缩机的转速上升。接着,控制部30确认运转模式是“大输出”,进行计时直到经过预先确定的时间(到转速稳定为止的时间,例如数秒),或在步骤S18中判断燃料电池单元是否实际响应。在步骤S18中,控制部30判断为燃料电池单元的响应时,在步骤S20,执行阻抗测定。进而,控制部30根据由阻抗测定获得的水分量来推测膜干燥时间而执行膜干燥处理(步骤S22)。通过以上步骤,结束钥匙开关关闭处理。在步骤S18中,作为用于判断的其他信息,使用发电电压、空气供给量、空气压缩机转速等也能适当地进行处理。
图3是表示从燃料电池系统的控制部输出的向燃料电池的输出要求和阻抗测定要求时序的一例。如前所述,在阻抗测定的原理上,在燃料电池的发电量较少的状态下,正弦波重叠能力降低,可能产生因正弦波的变形、噪声等引起的误检测。因此,在本实施方式中,在钥匙开关关闭处理中,在阻抗测定前将燃料电池的动作模式作为大输出,在阻抗测定时,关闭氢供给系统的阀23而利用循环泵20使由气液分离器除去反应水后的废气循环,从而实质上在停止燃料电池后执行阻抗测定。
如以上说明所述,通过使用本实施方式的燃料电池系统,在从间歇运转中发电停止的状态起关闭点火开关而变为扫气停止的情况下,考虑空气压缩机的起动延迟而进行阻抗测定,从而可执行可靠的内部电阻的测定。
另外,通过使用本实施方式的燃料电池系统,从而可以不使系统复杂化地高精度地检测出燃料电池内部残留的水分量,由此可适当地进行燃料电池的控制。
本发明的对燃料电池系统的阻抗进行测定的阻抗测定单元能够用于具有向燃料电池供给燃料气体及氧化剂气体的气体供给单元的燃料电池系统中。
Claims (4)
1.一种燃料电池系统,具有:燃料电池;将燃料气体及氧化剂气体供给至燃料电池的气体供给单元;及测定燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定单元,其特征在于,所述燃料电池系统包括:
空气压缩机,将作为氧化剂气体的空气向燃料电池供给;
钥匙开关,对燃料电池系统指示起动或停止;
控制部,当钥匙开关关闭时,基于通过阻抗测定得到的水分量进行膜干燥处理,
控制部在检测到钥匙开关关闭时,将燃料电池的运转模式从低输出模式变更为高输出模式,并避开运转模式变更导致的空气压缩机的起动预计时间内的燃料电池的过渡状态,在检测到空气供给稳定后进行阻抗测定。
2.如权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
控制部通过检测到从空气压缩机的转速上升到空气压缩机的转速稳定的预先确定的时间经过而检测到空气供给稳定。
3.如权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
控制部通过检测到空气压缩机的转速超过预先确定的转速而检测到空气供给稳定。
4.如权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
控制部通过检测到基于空气压缩机的空气流量超过预先确定的流量而检测到空气供给稳定。
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JP4894608B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2012-03-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
US8150671B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-04-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Portable USB power mode simulator tool |
WO2013042200A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | インピーダンス測定装置 |
KR101519271B1 (ko) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-05-11 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | 연료전지 스택용 주입 전류 생성 방법 및 이를 실행하는 장치 |
JP6907894B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-13 | 2021-07-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR102681359B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-23 | 2024-07-03 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량용 연료전지 스택의 임피던스 측정 방법 |
KR20200129268A (ko) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 임피던스를 이용한 연료전지 차량의 물 제거 시스템 및 방법 |
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CN102386425B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
DE112008004259B4 (de) | 2020-03-26 |
JP2009158248A (ja) | 2009-07-16 |
US20100279186A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
DE112008003491T5 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
CN101911360A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
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