CN102384062B

CN102384062B - The structure completely without clearance type of piston reciprocating compressor

Info

Publication number: CN102384062B
Application number: CN201010506849.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁嘉麟
Original assignee: China Jiliang University
Current assignee: China Jiliang University
Priority date: 2010-08-30
Filing date: 2010-10-07
Publication date: 2015-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-07
Also published as: CN102384067B; CN102410174A; CN102384066A; CN102384063A; CN106286217A; CN102278296A; CN102384070A; CN102261321A; CN102384062A; CN102384064A; CN102384069A; CN102400892A; CN102410174B; CN102384067A

Abstract

The structure completely without clearance type of piston reciprocating compressor, the top outer adapted of piston controls the taper Aspirating valves block of suction port open and close, at least with the outside and top flush position of piston on the piston ring that its section is V-type is set, V-type dehisce towards the center of circle, the angle of dehiscing of V-shaped section is acute angle, V-shaped section dehisce with the gradient surface of contact on its annular groove of location for being slidably matched, this piston ring is that the annular groove on the piston by matching with V-shaped section is implemented to locate; In piston forward compression exhaust running, finally can back down exhaust valve plate and go out cylinder, piston retreats in air-breathing running, when piston is for returning in cylinder completely, namely with the moment being blocked in outer exhaust valve plate by cylinder and being separated, to will cause piston, piston ring, exhaust valve plate, between taper Aspirating valves block and cylinder, form " completely without the clearance " contact condition not having geometric space; It is extremely beneficial for realizing high workload compression ratio.

Description

The structure completely without clearance type of piston reciprocating compressor

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technology of piston reciprocating compressor, especially relate to the structure technology of " completely without clearance " type.

Background technique

Great majority in the compressor kind of current appearance are all the conventional piston compressors by crank-driven, it has: manufacture simple, long service life, cannot Comprehensive Characteristics by comparison to other kind compressor of the less demanding grade of material, this has been unfailing main cause since its comes out.

Piston reciprocating compressor is the same with other compressors, and owing to being structurally subject to the puzzlement of insurmountable " clearance " problem, therefore its exhaust efficiency is or/and compression ratio is difficult to improve all the time.---such as: when compression ratio is close to " 10 ", its air displacement will be reduced to the degree losing its work meaning.

" clearance " in existing piston reciprocating compressor comprising: outer " clearance " that must exist with both exhausts mechanism between napex and cylinder inner top and due to air-breathing of piston, and the clearance caused due to the existence of piston ring.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention:

The type design proposal of the structure of piston reciprocating compressor " completely without clearance " is proposed.

In order to realize foregoing invention object, intend adopting following technology:

The present invention structurally considers according to following design proposal:

On piston reciprocating type model structure basis, structurally also should meet three organization establishes conditions of following a, b and c:

A. the top outer adapted of piston controls the taper Aspirating valves block that suction port opens and closes;

B. at least with the outside and top flush position of piston on be provided with the piston ring that its section is V-type, this V-type dehisce towards the center of circle, the angle of dehiscing of this V-shaped section is acute angle, dehiscing with the gradient surface of contact on its annular groove of location for being slidably matched of this V-shaped section, further, this piston ring is that annular groove on piston by matching with above-mentioned V-shaped section is implemented to locate;

C. in piston forward compression exhaust running, finally can back down exhaust valve plate and go out cylinder, piston retreats in air-breathing running, when piston is for returning in cylinder completely, namely with the moment being blocked in outer exhaust valve plate by cylinder and being separated, to will cause piston, piston ring, exhaust valve plate, between taper Aspirating valves block and cylinder, form " completely without the clearance " contact condition not having geometric space;---the buffering of high pressure air cushion for impact severity both this can be formed before piston contacts with exhaust valve plate;

Described exhaust valve plate is the top being positioned at cylinder by such as spring or shell fragment one class device;

Described gradient surface of contact is be slidably matched to guarantee that piston allows piston ring increase towards the lateral extrusion component of cylinder circumferencial direction in compression stroke, increases the leak resistance of pressurized gas towards low pressure direction;

The body shape changes that the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction that described Aspirating valves block is drawn materials causes and the body shape changes that the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction that piston head is drawn materials causes reach the degree of mutually coincideing.

The plane machine-tooled method of the present invention's structurally key position is as follows:

The piston ring of V-shaped section is packed in the annular groove at piston outer shroud top, then will put in the grinding clamping apparatus identical with cylinder bore both this, expose the piston ring that its section flushed with piston outside top is V-shaped section, again Aspirating valves block is placed in the outer top of piston, finally, plane lapping is carried out to piston outside top, that is: to pack in the grinding clamping apparatus identical with cylinder bore and to flush the piston ring of the V-shaped section of placement with the outer top of piston, the outer top of piston and flush placement with the outer top of piston and Aspirating valves block three co-ground under being in closed state, to guarantee: the above-mentioned three under working state is just in time in same plane.

Feature of the present invention:

One. in view of the structural design scheme of above-mentioned piston reciprocating compressor " completely without clearance " proposed by the invention, this is just: piston reciprocating compressor can realize the structural type of " completely without clearance " working state on its structural principle and the method for operation all creates condition, make it: piston theory air displacement reaches the degree of 100%, and actual exhaust air amount is all in close proximity to 100% under any working condition, and and then its work compression ratio can be improved significantly creates condition again.

Two. dehisce towards the center of circle due to V-type piston ring, the angle of dehiscing of this V-shaped section is acute angle, the gradient surface of contact of it and piston head is the character that is slidably matched, this is just that piston is in the middle of the process of pressurized gas, can in the process that gas pressure constantly becomes large, drive the component that this V-type piston ring extrudes along the slope with piston head towards cylinder inner circumference direction, change component is stop the gas leakage between the high and low pressure of piston two ends to create condition.---be extremely beneficial in realizing high workload compression ratio.

Three. have at existing " having clearance " piston reciprocating compressor and manufacture on the simple feature basis very high with " cost performance ", if again and then achieve " completely without clearance " of the present invention structure, so, manufacture simple degree at it can not change, and " cost performance " rises by a larger margin in situation, this will allow piston reciprocating compressor with the longest history occur on earth with brand-new looks, not only the update product of existing traditional piston reciprocating compressor can be become, and, also probably become the update product of all kinds compressor used in Other Engineering field.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 illustrates the embodiment of the present invention in the driving high-power piston reciprocating compressor of horizontal crankshaft.

Fig. 2 illustrate Fig. 1 type piston-advance (exhaust) run time piston, piston ring, exhaust valve plate and cylinder relative position.

The piston that Fig. 3 illustrates Fig. 1 type retreats (air-breathing) relative position of piston, piston ring, exhaust valve plate and cylinder when running.

Fig. 4 illustrates one can realize " without clearance " structure and the embodiment of the integrated Aspirating valves block of practicality.

Fig. 5 is the worm's eye view of Fig. 4.

H: zone of high pressure: W: low pressure area; K: its section is the piston ring of V-type; N: common conventional piston ring; P: the suction port of piston head; D: AC motor; 1: cylinder cap; 2: spring; 3: exhaust valve plate; 4: taper Aspirating valves block; 5: piston; 6: cylinder; 7: bent axle; 8: connecting rod; 9: body; 10: set screw; G: inverted cone valve gap; H: valve rod body (being made up of a pair resilient support arms); X: spacing footing; Spacing between L: a pair spacing footing.

Embodiment

By " completely without clearance " structural principle overview of the huge horizontal type high-power piston reciprocating compressor of crank-driven, the signal of Fig. 1 can be seen.

When piston 5 is in compression stroke, before it contacts with exhaust valve plate 3, this just defines the high pressure air cushion will alleviating mutual collision dynamics therebetween in cylinder 6.Once piston 5 carries the hole that piston ring K goes out cylinder 6 together, the pressurized gas being about to be compressed into all clamp-on zone of high pressure H, and simultaneously contact with exhaust valve plate 3 together with piston ring K and head on this exhaust valve plate 3 and advance in the outside, hole of cylinder 6 together.

Fig. 2 illustrates above-mentioned piston 5 and is carry piston ring K together, heads on the situation that exhaust valve plate 3 is advanced together in outside, the hole of cylinder 6.---obviously, structurally should guarantee: the hole of piston ring K can not all depart from (going out) cylinder, otherwise piston ring K just again can not be carry by piston 5 and return cylinder 6.In addition, piston 5 goes out the itinerary part at cylinder 6 hole, usually can control at about 1/10th of its effective suction stroke length.

Before piston 5 is in suction stroke and is about to the hole of complete setback cylinder 6 from the H of zone of high pressure, be about to automatically to open taper Aspirating valves block 4 by pressure difference and do following current air-breathing merit and before sucking the low-pressure gas in the W of low pressure area, first closed by the hole top of larger-diameter exhaust valve plate 3 by more small-bore cylinder 6, will be formed this moment: piston 5 (comprising the piston ring K being positioned at its outer rim), taper Aspirating valves block 4, the state (with regard to structure theory) of " completely without clearance " between exhaust valve plate 3 and cylinder 6.---at the moment, just there is not the inflation process of residual high pressure gas, directly allow piston 5 enter to have suction stroke stage of practical significance, until all filled up in the space in cylinder 6 between piston 5 to exhaust valve plate 3 by the low-pressure gas of inspiration completely.

Fig. 3 illustrates the above-mentioned state by the taper Aspirating valves block 4 inspiration low-pressure gas on piston 5.---obviously, structurally adopt downflow type suction mechanism to meet the model structure design of " completely without clearance " most.

In sum:

From the structural principle of type of the present invention, when piston 5 is in suction stroke of the present invention but when not yet carrying out air-breathing, namely mainly under anticyclonic driving, the moment that the hole top of cylinder 6 closes by exhaust valve plate 3 is allowed: piston 5, piston ring K, exhaust valve plate 3 will be caused, between taper Aspirating valves block 4 and cylinder 6 five, form " completely without the clearance " contact condition not having geometric space.Achieve state so, no matter theoretically, still in fact say, above-mentioned contact condition can both be allowed to realize " zero " clearance.---realizing allowing the theoretical air displacement of piston 5 reach the degree of 100%, is in fact also to reach closely this degree of 100%.

Adopt V-shaped section configuration piston ring K can realize the problem of " without clearance " between piston 5 and cylinder 6 about the present invention:

Piston 5 and V-type piston ring K (dehiscing towards the center of circle of this V-type) are contacted by the fashion of extrusion of certain taper gradient, and, this gradient direction leaves the center of circle and towards circumference, obviously, in the middle of the process of piston 5 pressurized gas, turn increase one towards the variable extruding component on cylinder 6 circumferential inner wall direction, and this component is directly proportional to by the pressure of pressurized gas; Namely when piston 5 enters the tail end of its stroke, owing to also being risen to higher by the pressure of pressurized gas, so, additional also larger by the exert oneself dynamics of leaking gas between high pressure and low pressure of preventing piston 5 two ends of piston ring K above-mentioned; And in the priming stroke stage of piston 5 pressurized gas, due to when in cylinder 6, the pressure of gas is not high, the above-mentioned flat extruding component towards circumference does not just exist or very little.---always can exist certain even extremely small tolerance fit between piston ring 1 and the annular groove of locating this piston ring 1 when cooperatively interacting, as long as fully grasp consciously during machining and manage to achieve this point, just can be easy to make piston 5 in the middle of the process of pressurized gas, increase the component of above-mentioned prevention gas leakage.

In addition, in the V-shaped section of the piston ring K anticipated shown in Fig. 2, the scope of top dimension S should be more than or equal to " zero ": if its top dimension S is greater than " zero ", then: it is such that the V-shaped section shape of piston ring K is illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3; If its top dimension S equals " zero ", then: the V-shaped section shape of piston ring K is just very alike with this letter " V ".During specific design, according to different demands when piston reciprocating compressor being implemented to the architecture advances of " completely without clearance ", the design of above-mentioned two kinds of situations all likely exists.

Machining problem about the piston ring K in the present invention and piston 5 and taper Aspirating valves block 4 co-ground:

Key is: to outside the piston ring K of the V-shaped section with piston outer top positioned flush, piston 5

Top, and the Aspirating valves block 4 three co-ground of placement is flushed with the outer top of piston 5, carry out under the state when analog operation, that is: be carry out when the clamping apparatus measure-alike with cylinder 6 inner circle entangles above-mentioned co-ground person, and guarantee with this: allow in running order under above-mentioned three be just in time in same plane.

When fully being contacted with another plane (exhaust valve plate 3) by the sealing plane formed side by side by above-mentioned three, will be easy to guarantee can form one without any geometric space, i.e. the abundant contact condition of " without clearance " between these two planes fully contacted.

High pressure problem of temperature rise about high compression ratio type of the present invention:

High compression ratio or extra-high compression ratio type will inevitably face for the high pressure problem of temperature rise compressor, the problem solving this high pressure temperature rise (containing heat radiation) belongs to the category of prior art: generally can adopt air cooling way, and the water-cooling pattern (forcing down temperature rise) as motor car engine (being carried out the operation of driven plunger by the blast of gasoline high temperature) even can also be adopted to be solved.In addition, the consistency problem (certainly: its deviation is the smaller the better) relating to its coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction between also should considering as motor car engine for relevant critical component, such as: both Aspirating valves block 4 and piston 5 (its top be provided with dynamic with Aspirating valves block 4 one-tenth coordinates the top of hole) as critical component should consider the coadapted problem of coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction between them as far as possible, especially under extra-high compression ratio operating mode.

Claims

1. the structure of " completely without clearance " type of piston reciprocating compressor, on the model structure basis that piston (5) back and forth runs, structure meets again three organization establishes conditions of following a, b and c:

A. the top outer adapted of piston (5) controls the taper Aspirating valves block (4) that suction port (P) opens and closes;

B. at least with the outside and top flush position of piston (5) on be provided with the piston ring (K) that its section is V-type, this V-type dehisce towards the center of circle, the angle of dehiscing of this V-shaped section is acute angle, dehiscing with the gradient surface of contact on its annular groove of location for being slidably matched of this V-shaped section, further, this piston ring (K) is that annular groove on piston (5) by matching with above-mentioned V-shaped section is implemented to locate;

C. in piston (5) forward compression exhaust running, finally can back down exhaust valve plate (3) and go out cylinder (6), piston (5) retreats in air-breathing running, when piston (5) is for returning in cylinder (6) completely, namely with the moment being blocked in outer exhaust valve plate (3) by cylinder (6) and being separated, to will cause piston (5), piston ring (K), exhaust valve plate (3), between taper Aspirating valves block (4) and cylinder (6) five, form " completely without the clearance " contact condition not having geometric space;

Described exhaust valve plate (3) is the top being positioned at cylinder (6) by spring or shell fragment;

The gap of enough micro-displacements is left between the underpart position plane of described V-type piston ring (K) and the annular groove plane being arranged on piston (5) supporting this plane, again under described gradient surface of contact is the state be slidably matched to guarantee: piston (5) allows piston ring (K) increase towards the lateral extrusion component of cylinder (6) circumferencial direction in compression stroke, increases the leak resistance of pressurized gas towards low pressure direction;

The body shape changes that the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction that described Aspirating valves block (4) is drawn materials causes and the body shape changes that the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction drawn materials in piston (5) top causes reach the degree of mutually coincideing.

2. the plane machine-tooled method of the key position of the structure of " completely without clearance " type of piston reciprocating compressor according to claim 1:

The piston ring (K) of V-shaped section is packed in the annular groove at piston (5) outer shroud top, then will put in the grinding clamping apparatus identical with cylinder (6) internal diameter both this, expose the piston ring (K) that its section flushed with piston (5) outside top is V-shaped section, again Aspirating valves block (4) is placed in the outer top of piston (5), finally, plane lapping is carried out to piston (5) outside top, that is: to pack in the grinding clamping apparatus identical with cylinder (6) internal diameter and to flush the piston ring (K) of the V-shaped section of placement with piston (5) outer top, piston (5) outer top and flush placement with piston (5) outer top and Aspirating valves block (4) three's co-ground under being in closed state, to guarantee: the above-mentioned three under working state is just in time in same plane.