CN102361632A - 避免玻璃雾化的方法 - Google Patents
避免玻璃雾化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102361632A CN102361632A CN2010800131436A CN201080013143A CN102361632A CN 102361632 A CN102361632 A CN 102361632A CN 2010800131436 A CN2010800131436 A CN 2010800131436A CN 201080013143 A CN201080013143 A CN 201080013143A CN 102361632 A CN102361632 A CN 102361632A
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器用于在药物组合物冷冻干燥过程中防止玻璃雾化的用途。所述药物组合物包含治疗剂和表面活性剂。还公开了相应的玻璃容器和冷冻干燥药物组合物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及具有大于10°的接触角的玻璃容器用于在药物组合物冷冻干燥过程中防止玻璃雾化的用途。所述药物组合物包含治疗剂和表面活性剂。还公开了相应的玻璃容器和冷冻干燥药物组合物的方法。
由于潜在的稳定性问题,通常不希望储存液体形式的药物组合物。一些液体制剂必须在低温下储存。其它液体制剂在以液体形式储存过程中变质。克服这些问题的一个可能的方法是冷冻干燥药物组合物。药物组合物以干燥形式被运输和储存,然后其必须在使用前被重构。
但是,冷冻干燥过程本身可导致药物组合物的性质变差,尤其是如果活性剂是蛋白质时。为了避免药物组合物活性的下降,通常向药物组合物中加入冻干保护剂(lyoprotectant)如某些糖类以及表面活性剂。
本发明人已经观察到在一些情况下含有表面活性剂的药物组合物在被填充在小瓶中后可沿着小瓶的壁向上蔓延。当这类药物组合物被冻干时,药物组合物残留在小瓶的壁上,使小瓶的壁显示出“雾化的”外观。图1显示了两个这样的小瓶。可以清楚地识别实际填充水平。玻璃小瓶内表面上的“雾化的”区域表明药物组合物蔓延到了该填充水平以上并且达到了小瓶的肩部。当小瓶随后经历冷冻干燥过程时,药物组合物被干燥,在小瓶的内表面上留下白色残余物。即使将这类残余物仅视为美观缺陷,它仍然是不希望的,因为它会影响小瓶的目测检查并且患者和医生等会质疑其差的外观。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供冷冻干燥药物组合物的方法,其中玻璃雾化可以被避免。
在一个方面,本发明涉及包含药物组合物的玻璃容器,所述药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;
其中所述玻璃容器具有大于约10°的接触角。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及冷冻干燥药物组合物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器;
(b)将药物组合物引入到该玻璃容器中,所述药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;和
(c)进行冷冻干燥。
本发明还提供了防止或减少玻璃雾化的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器;
(b)将药物组合物引入到该玻璃容器中,所述药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;和
(c)进行冷冻干燥。
本发明的又一个方面涉及具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器用于在药物组合物冷冻干燥过程中防止或减少玻璃雾化的用途,所述药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂。
附图简述
图1:显示出玻璃雾化的两个小瓶的照片。
图2:沿着玻璃小瓶的壁向上蔓延的液体的照片。第一张照片是在填充液体开始后20秒拍摄的,第二张照片是在32秒后拍摄的,第三张照片是在54秒后拍摄的。
图3:接触角的图示。
图4:显示出典型的高至小瓶的肩部的玻璃雾化的批号为070820G的小瓶。
图5:未显示出玻璃雾化的批号为050530V的小瓶。
图6:未显示出玻璃雾化的批号为7819的小瓶。
当包含治疗剂和表面活性剂的药物组合物以液体形式被填充到玻璃容器中时,该药物组合物能沿着玻璃容器的内壁向上蔓延,以至于药物组合物以高于该药物组合物的填充高度的高度存在于玻璃容器的内壁上。当玻璃容器的内容物随后经历冷冻干燥时,药物组合物的残余物会以高于填充高度的高度残留在玻璃容器的内壁上。在本申请中这种结果被称为“玻璃雾化”。尽管不希望被理论束缚,但推测这种结果可能是由毛细作用力引起的。
在本发明中,“填充高度”是指根据其体积预期药物组合物在玻璃容器中将达到的高度。
本发明人已经令人惊讶地发现,如果采用具有大于约10°、优选至少约15°、更优选至少约20°、最优选至少约25°的接触角的玻璃容器,则能防止或减少玻璃雾化。使用蒸馏水通过DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025测量接触角。接触角θ被定义为液体/蒸气界面接触固体表面的角。图3以示意图的形式说明了接触角。
对容器的玻璃材料没有特别限制,只要它具有大于约10°的接触角即可。典型地,所述玻璃是根据ISO 719被分类为HGB1类的耐水解玻璃的I型玻璃。理想地,所述玻璃还具有根据DIN12116的S1类的酸耐受性。碱耐受性优选是根据ISO 695的A2类或A1类。
适合的一类玻璃是硼硅酸盐玻璃。所述硼硅酸盐玻璃可包含约3至约8重量%的碱金属氧化物如氧化钠(Na2O)和氧化钾(K2O)、约1至约7重量%的氧化铝(Al2O3)、至多约5重量%的碱土金属氧化物、约70至约85重量%的二氧化硅(SiO2)和约7至约15重量%的氧化硼(B2O3)。玻璃典型地具有在约3至约6·10-6K-1范围内的根据ISO 7991的平均线性热膨胀系数(α(20℃,300℃)。玻璃化转变温度Tg优选在约510至约600℃的范围内。在25℃下,玻璃的密度通常在约2.1至约2.4g/cm3的范围内。
可任选对玻璃的表面进行改性。例如,可采用硅化处理的硼硅酸盐玻璃,其可从许多供应商得到。导致表面具有大于约10°的接触角的任何其它表面改性方法如物理处理(例如回火)或化学处理(例如基于氟或基于硅烷的涂层)也是可以的。
因为玻璃容器要容纳药物组合物,所以它必须符合惯常的医疗标准。因此,在填充药物组合物之前,必须按照规定的方法将玻璃容器进行洗涤和除热原。这类方法包括EU和US药品生产质量管理规范。
本发明人已经确定玻璃容器的接触角能被几个参数影响,所述参数例如玻璃的组成、使玻璃形成容器的方法、洗涤和除热原方法以及涂层。即使两个容器的玻璃组成相同,其接触角也可能不同,例如,如果玻璃容器经历不同的形成处理或不同的除热原操作。因此,必须基于经洗涤的和除热原的玻璃容器在填充有药物组合物的状态下对玻璃雾化的敏感性进行评估。
所述药物组合物包含至少一种治疗剂和至少一种表面活性剂。
在本发明中可以采用能被冷冻干燥的任何治疗剂。典型地,治疗剂包括蛋白质、肽和/或核酸,但本发明不限于此。
在本发明的含义内,“蛋白质”是表现出三级和/或四级结构的任何氨基酸序列。典型地,蛋白质具有至少约5kD、优选至少约50kD的分子量。蛋白质不仅包括单链蛋白质,而且包括复合体和连接的蛋白质及肽,例如连接的抗体重链和轻链。蛋白质的实例包括脂蛋白、酶(包括激活剂和抑制剂)、激素、受体、配体、抗体(包括单克隆和多克隆抗体、多特异性(例如双特异性)抗体、抗体的融合蛋白、抗体片段或由共价修饰或共表达产生的其它蛋白质,如本领域已知的)、细胞因子、淋巴因子、调节蛋白、疫苗、信号分子、伴侣分子、和上述物质的生物学活性片段或变体。
优选的蛋白质是抗体,特别是单克隆抗体。术语“抗体”在本发明中以最宽的含义使用,涵盖单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、双抗体、人源化抗体、CDR-移植抗体、单链抗体、多特异性抗体如双特异性杂合抗体、完全的人抗体、以及抗体片段如Fab片段、单个CDR区等。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“抗体”在本文中与术语“抗体分子”同义地使用,包括抗体分子,如完整的免疫球蛋白分子,例如IgM、IgD、IgE、IgA或IgG,如IgGl、IgG2、IgG2b、IgG3或IgG4,以及所述免疫球蛋白分子的部分如Fab-片段、Fab′-片段、F(ab)2-片段、嵌合F(ab)2或嵌合Fab′片段、嵌合Fab-片段或分离的VH-或CDR-区(所述分离的VH-或CDR-区例如要被整合或设计在相应的“构架”中)。因此,术语“抗体”还包括已知的免疫球蛋白的同工型和变型,如单链抗体或单链Fv片段(scAB/scFv)或双特异性抗体构建体。所述同工型或变型的具体实例可以是VH-VL或VL-VH5形式的sc(单链)抗体。还包括双特异性scFv,例如VH-VL-VH-VL、VL-VH-VH-VL、VH-VL-VL-VH形式的双特异性scFv。术语“抗体”还包括双抗体和包含与至少一个抗原结合部分/肽连接的作为载体的抗体Fc结构域的分子,例如WO 00/24782描述的肽体(peptibody)。很明显的,也可以采用抗体/抗体分子的混合物。
“抗体片段”还包括本身不能提供效应物功能(ADCC/CDC)、但在与适宜的抗体恒定域结合后以本发明的方式提供该功能的这类片段。可包含在药物组合物中的抗体可以是重组产生的抗体。这些抗体可以在哺乳动物细胞培养体系中、例如在CHO细胞中产生。抗体分子可以通过一系列色谱和过滤步骤被进一步纯化。
本文所用的术语“单克隆抗体”是指单一氨基酸组成的抗体分子的制品。相应地,术语“人单克隆抗体”是指显示出单一结合特异性的抗体,该抗体具有源于人种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变和恒定区。在一个实施方案中,人单克隆抗体是由包括从转基因非人动物例如转基因小鼠得到的B细胞的杂交瘤制备的,所述转基因非人动物具有包含与永生化细胞融合的人重链转基因和人轻链转基因的基因组。
术语“嵌合抗体”是指包含来自一个来源或物种的可变区(即结合区域)和源于不同来源或物种的恒定区的至少一部分的单克隆抗体,其通常由重组DNA技术制备。尤其优选的是包含鼠可变区和人恒定区的嵌合抗体。这类鼠/人嵌合抗体是包含编码鼠免疫球蛋白可变区的DNA片段和编码人免疫球蛋白恒定区的DNA片段的表达免疫球蛋白基因的产物。本发明包括的“嵌合抗体”的其它形式是从原始抗体的类型或亚类进行修饰或改变的那些。这类“嵌合”抗体也称为“类型转换抗体”。制备嵌合抗体的方法包括本领域现在众所周知的常规重组DNA和基因转染技术,例如Morrison,S.L.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad Sci.USA 81(1984)6851-6855;美国专利第5,202,238和5,204,244号。
术语“人源化抗体”是指与母体免疫球蛋白相比,其中框架或“互补决定区”(CDR)已经被修饰为包含不同特异性的免疫球蛋白的CDR的抗体。在一个优选的实施方案中,将鼠CDR移植到人抗体的框架区域中以制备“人源化抗体”(例如Riechmann,L.等人,Nature 332(1988)323-327;和Neuberger,M.S.等人,Nature 314(1985)268-270)。特别优选的CDR是呈递识别上文对嵌合和双功能抗体给出的抗原的序列的那些。
本文所用的术语“人抗体”包括具有来自人种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变和恒定区的抗体。
本文所用的术语“重组人抗体”包括通过重组方式制备、表达、产生或分离的所有人抗体,例如由宿主细胞例如SP2-0、NSO或CHO细胞(如CHO Kl)或由转移了人免疫球蛋白基因的动物(例如小鼠)分离的抗体,或者使用转染到宿主细胞中的重组表达载体表达的抗体。这类重组人抗体具有重排形式的来自人种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变和恒定区。重组人抗体可经历体内的体细胞高度突变。因此,重组抗体的VH和VL区域的氨基酸序列是尽管源于人种系VH和VL序列并与人种系VH和VL序列有关、但可能并不天然存在于体内的人抗体种系组成中的序列。
在各个方面,所述抗体选自Humira(阿达木单抗)、Synagis(帕利珠单抗)、AMG 714(抗-IL15抗体)、vectibix(帕尼单抗)、Rituxan(利妥昔单抗)、泽娃灵(替伊莫单抗)、抗CD80单克隆抗体(mAb)(加利昔单抗)、抗CD23单抗(鲁昔单抗)、M200(伏洛昔单抗)、抗-Cripto单抗、抗BR3单抗、抗IGFIR单抗、Tysabri(那他珠单抗)、达克珠单抗、人源化抗CD20单抗(奥瑞珠单抗)、可溶性BAFF拮抗剂(BR3-Fc)、抗CD40L单抗、抗TWEAK单抗、抗IL5受体mAb、抗神经节苷脂GM2单抗、抗FGF8单抗、抗VEGFR/Flt-1单抗、抗神经节苷脂GD2单抗、爱通立(R)(阿替普酶)、Metalyse(R)(替奈普酶)、CAT-3888和CAT-8015(抗CD22dsFv-PE38缀合物)、CAT-354(抗-IL13单抗)、CAT-5001(抗间皮素(mesothelin)dsFv-PE38缀合物)、GC-1008(抗TGF-[β]单抗)、CAM-3001(抗GM-CSF受体单抗)、ABT-874(抗IL12单抗)、Lymphostat B(贝利木单抗;抗BlyS单抗)、HGS-ETRl(马帕木单抗;人抗TRAIL受体-1单抗)、HGS-ETR2(人抗TRAIL受体2单抗)、ABthrax(TM)(人抗保护性抗原(来自炭疽杆菌(B.anthracis))单抗)、MYO-029(人抗GDF-8单抗)、CAT-213(抗嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子1单抗)、爱必妥(西妥昔单抗)、依帕珠单抗、类克(英夫利昔单抗;抗TNF单抗)、赫赛汀(曲妥珠单抗)、麦罗塔(吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星)、VECTIBIX(panatumamab)、ReoPro(阿昔单抗)、Actemra(抗IL6受体单抗)、HuMax-CD4(扎木单抗)、HuMax-CD20(奥法木单抗)、HuMax-EGFr(扎芦木单抗)、HuMax-Inflam、R 1507(抗IGF-lR单抗)、HuMax HepC、HuMax CD38、HuMax-TAC(抗IL2Ra或抗CD25单抗)、HuMax-ZP3(抗ZP3单抗)、Bexxar(托西莫单抗)、Orthoclone OKT3(莫罗单抗-CD3)、MDX-010(伊匹木单抗)、抗CTLA4、CNTO 148(戈利木单抗;抗TNF[α]炎症单抗)、CNTO 1275(抗IL12/IL23单抗)、HuMax-CD4(扎木单抗)、HuMax-CD20(奥法木单抗)、HuMax-EGFR(扎芦木单抗)、MDX-066(CDA-I)和MDX-1388(抗艰难梭菌(C.difficle)毒素A和毒素B C单抗)、MDX-060(抗CD30单抗)、MDX-018、CNTO 95(抗整联蛋白受体单抗)、MDX-1307(抗甘露糖受体/hCG[β]单抗)、MDX-1100(抗IPIO溃疡性结肠炎单抗)、MDX-1303(Valortim(TM))、抗炭疽杆菌Anthrax、MEDI-545(MDX-1103,抗IFN[α])、MDX-1106(ONO-4538;抗PDl)、NVS抗体#1、NVS抗体#2、FG-3019(抗CTGF特发性肺纤维化I期纤维蛋白原)、LLY抗体、BMS-66513、NI-0401(抗CD3单抗)、IMC-18F1(VEGFR-I)、IMC-3G3(抗PDGFR[α])、MDX-1401(抗CD30)、MDX-1333(抗IFNAR)、Synagis(帕利珠单抗;抗RSV单抗)、Campath(阿仑单抗)、万珂(硼替佐米)、MLN0002(抗α4β7单抗)、MLN 1202(抗CCR2趋化因子受体单抗)、舒莱(巴利昔单抗)、prexige(芦米考昔)、Xolair(奥马珠单抗)、ETI211(抗MRSA单抗)、赛尼哌(达克珠单抗)、阿瓦斯丁(贝伐珠单抗)、MabTheraRA(利妥昔单抗)、Zevalin(替伊莫单抗)、Zetia(依泽替米贝)、Zyttorin(依泽替米贝和辛伐他汀)、NI-0401(人抗CD3)、阿德木单抗(Adecatumumab)、戈利木单抗(抗TNF[α]单抗)、依帕珠单抗、吉妥珠单抗、Raptiva(依法珠单抗)、Cimzia(培舍珠单抗,CDP 870)、(Soliris)依库珠单抗、培克珠单抗(抗C5补体)、MEDI-524(Numax)、Lucentis(雷珠单抗)、17-IA(Panorex)、Trabio(乐地单抗)、TheraCim hR3(尼妥珠单抗)、Omnitarg(帕妥珠单抗)、Osidem(IDM-I)、OvaRex(B43.13)、Nuvion(visilizumab)、抗CD40L单抗(IDEC-131)、Xanelim(人源化抗CD 1 Ia)和Cantuzamab。
药物组合物中的治疗剂浓度将取决于治疗剂和其预期用途。通常,浓度在约0.01至约200mg/ml的范围内,优选约1至约200mg/ml的范围。
药物组合物还包括表面活性剂。本文所用的术语“表面活性剂”指用于保护蛋白制剂对抗机械应力例如搅拌和剪切的可药用赋形剂。表面活性剂可以是阴离子、非离子或阳离子型。由于非离子表面活性剂尤其可能导致玻璃雾化,所以本发明优选使用非离子表面活性剂。可药用表面活性剂的实例包括聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(吐温,聚山梨酸酯)、聚氧乙烯烷基醚(Brij)、烷基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(Triton-X)、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物(泊洛沙姆,普朗尼克)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)。最可能引起玻璃雾化的表面活性剂是聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯。优选的实例具有10至30个聚氧乙烯基团。所述脂肪酸优选具有10至22个碳原子。实例包括聚山梨酸酯20(以商品名吐温20TM出售的聚氧乙烯(20)山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯)和聚山梨酸酯80(以商品名吐温80TM出售的聚氧乙烯(20)山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)。优选的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物是以名称普朗尼克F68或泊洛沙姆188TM出售的那些。优选的聚氧乙烯烷基醚以商品名BrijTM出售的那些。优选的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚以商品名Triton-X出售。表面活性剂通常以约0.001至约1%、优选约0.005至约0.1%且更优选约0.01%至约0.04%(重量/体积)的浓度使用。
除了治疗剂和表面活性剂之外,药物组合物还可以含有任何其它可药用成分。实例包括缓冲剂、载体、赋形剂、溶剂和共溶剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、稳定剂、张度剂、防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、分散剂等。Remington′sPharmaceutical Sciences第17版描述了这些成分。
药物组合物将以液体形式、典型地以水溶液的形式以玻璃容器提供。
根据治疗剂的性质,可能需要将药物组合物的pH调至治疗剂稳定的范围。例如,蛋白质通常在窄的pH范围内稳定,所以应相应地调节pH以避免物理和/或化学降解。如果需要,可以使用缓冲剂。本文所用的术语“缓冲剂”指使药物制剂的pH稳定的可药用赋形剂。适合的缓冲剂在本领域中是众所周知的并在文献中进行了描述。优选的可药用缓冲剂包括但不限于组氨酸缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、琥珀酸盐缓冲剂、乙酸盐缓冲剂和磷酸盐缓冲剂。更优选的缓冲剂包括L-组氨酸或L-组氨酸与L-组氨酸盐酸盐的混合物,用本领域已知的酸或碱调节pH。如果存在,上述缓冲剂通常以约1mM至约100mM、优选约5mM至约50mM且更优选约10至约20mM的量使用。与所用的缓冲剂无关,可以用本领域已知的酸或碱,例如盐酸、乙酸、磷酸、硫酸、柠檬酸、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾将pH调节至约4.0至约7.0、优选约5.0至约6.5且更优选约5.5至约6.0的值。
一些化合物可以用作稳定剂。术语“稳定剂”指在制备、储存和应用中保护治疗剂和/或制剂以防化学和/或物理降解的可药用赋形剂。Cleland等人(1993),Crit.Rev.Ther.Drug Carrier Syst.10(4):307-77,Wang(1999)Int.J.Pharm.185(2):129-88,Wang(2000)Iht.J.Pharm.203(l-2):1-60和Chi等人(2003)Pharm.Res.20(9):1325-36对药品的化学和物理降解途径进行了综述。稳定剂包括但不限于糖,氨基酸,多元醇,环糊精例如羟丙基-β-环糊精、磺丁基乙基-β-环糊精、β-环糊精,聚乙二醇例如PEG 3000、PEG 3350、PEG 4000、PEG 6000,白蛋白,人血清白蛋白(HSA),牛血清白蛋白(BSA),盐例如氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钙,和螯合剂例如EDTA。稳定剂可以以约1至约500mM的量、优选约10至约300mM的量且更优选以约100mM至约300mM的量存在于制剂中。
本文所用的“糖”指单糖或低聚糖。单糖是不可酸水解的单体糖类,包括单糖及其衍生物,例如氨基糖。单糖的实例包括葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、核糖、脱氧核糖和神经氨酸。低聚糖是由通过糖苷键连接的一个以上的单体糖单元构成的支链或直链的碳水化合物。低聚糖中的单体糖单元可以相同或不同。根据单体糖单元的数目,低聚糖是二-、三-、四-、五-等糖。与多糖相反,单体和低聚糖是水溶性的。低聚糖的实例包括蔗糖、海藻糖、乳糖、麦芽糖和棉子糖。优选的糖是蔗糖和海藻糖,最优选的是海藻糖。
本文所用的术语“氨基酸”指具有位于羧基的α-位的氨基部分的可药用有机分子。氨基酸的实例包括精氨酸、甘氨酸、鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸。氨基酸通常以约10至约500mM的量、优选以约10至约300mM的量且更优选以约100至约300mM的量使用。
本文所用的术语“多元醇”指具有一个以上的羟基的可药用醇。适合的多元醇包括但不限于甘露醇、山梨醇、丙三醇、葡聚糖、甘油、阿糖醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇和其组合。多元醇可以以约10mM至约500mM的量、优选以约10至约300mM的量且更优选以约100至约300mM的量使用。
稳定剂中的一个亚组是冻干保护剂。术语“冻干保护剂”指在冷冻干燥过程、随后的储存和重构中保护不稳定的活性成分(例如蛋白质)对抗去稳定条件的可药用赋形剂。冻干保护剂包括但不限于糖、多元醇(例如糖醇)和氨基酸。优选的冻干保护剂可以选自糖(例如蔗糖、海藻糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、果糖、山梨糖、棉子糖和神经氨酸)、氨基糖(例如葡萄糖胺、半乳糖胺和N-甲基葡萄糖胺(″葡甲胺″))、多元醇(例如甘露醇和山梨醇)和氨基酸(例如精氨酸和甘氨酸)。冻干保护剂通常以约10mM至约500mM的量、优选以约10至约300mM的量且更优选以约100至约300mM的量使用。
稳定剂中的一个亚组是抗氧化剂。术语“抗氧化剂”指防止活性药物成分氧化的可药用赋形剂。抗氧化剂包括但不限于抗坏血酸、glutadione、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、柠檬酸和EDTA。抗氧化剂可以以约1至约100mM的量、优选以约5至约50mM的量且更优选以约5至约20mM的量使用。
本文所用的术语“张度剂”指可药用张度剂。使用张度剂来调节制剂的张度。等张性通常涉及与对比溶液有关的渗透压。本发明的制剂可以是低张、等张或高张但优选等张。等张制剂是液体或由固体形式例如冷冻干燥形式重构的液体,并且指具有与对比的一些其它溶液例如生理盐溶液或血清相同张度的溶液。适合的张度剂包括但不限于氯化钠、氯化钾、丙三醇和氨基酸或糖中的任何成分。张度剂通常以约5mM至约500mM的量使用。在优选的药物组合物中,张度剂的量在约50mM至约300mM的范围内。
在稳定剂和张度剂中存在一组能在两个方面起作用的化合物,即它们可以同时是稳定剂和张度剂。其实例可以在糖、氨基酸、多元醇、环糊精、聚乙二醇和盐中找到。可以同时是稳定剂和张度剂的糖的实例是海藻糖。
组合物还可以含有辅料,例如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。通过灭菌工序和通过包含各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、三氯叔丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等可以确保防止微生物的存在。防腐剂通常以约0.001至约2%(w/v)的量存在。防腐剂包括但不限于乙醇、苄醇、苯酚、间甲酚、对氯间甲酚、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和苯扎氯铵。
优选的药物组合物包含:
约0.01至约200mg/ml蛋白质;
0至约100mM缓冲剂;
约0.001至约1%表面活性剂;和
约1至约500mM稳定剂和/或约5至约500mM张度剂。
在药物组合物另一优选的实施方案中,包含:
约1至约200mg/ml抗体;
0至约100mM缓冲剂;
约0.001至约1%表面活性剂;和
约1至约500mM稳定剂和/或约5至约500mM张度剂。
这些制剂的pH优选约4.0至约7.0。
为了清楚的原因,在此强调本文指出的浓度涉及在冷冻干燥之前填充到玻璃容器中的液体的浓度。因此,可以由冻干物重构冻干制剂,使得得到的重构配方以本文所述的浓度包含各个组分。但是,对于技术人员清楚的是,也可以采用使得到的重构制剂更浓或更稀的重构介质的量来重构冻干物。
本文所用的与药物组合物有关的术语“液体”指在大气压下在至少约2至约8℃的温度下是液体的组合物。
本文所用的与药物组合物有关的术语“冻干物”指通过本领域本身已知的冷冻干燥方法制备的组合物。通过冷冻、随后真空下升华和升高温度下解吸残余水分而除去溶剂(例如水)。冻干物通常具有约0.1至约5%(w/w)的剩余含水量并且以粉末或物理稳定的饼存在。冻干物的特征在于加入重构介质后快速溶解。
本文所用的与药物组合物有关的术语“重构制剂”指冷冻干燥并通过加入重构介质而重新溶解的组合物。重构介质可以包括但不限于注射用水(WFI)、注射用抑菌水(BWFI)、氯化钠溶液(例如约0.9%(w/v)NaCl)、葡萄糖溶液(例如约5%葡萄糖)、含有表面活性剂的溶液(例如约0.01%聚山梨酸酯20)和pH缓冲溶液(例如磷酸盐缓冲溶液)。
如下进行冷冻干燥:将上述液体药物组合物填充到玻璃容器中,根据本领域公知的常规技术进行冷冻干燥。冷冻干燥通常以三个步骤进行:冷冻、初级干燥和二级干燥。
在冷冻步骤中,将液体药物组合物冷却至通常在其低共熔点以下的温度。该步骤中的温度通常为约-10℃至约-80℃,优选约-20℃至约-60℃。该步骤中通常采用大气压。
在初级干燥步骤中,通常升高温度并减小压力以使溶剂升华。温度优选约-40℃至约+50℃,优选约-30℃至约+40℃。压力为约3Pa至约80Pa,优选约5Pa至约60Pa。通常进行初级干燥步骤直到至少约90%溶剂被除去。
在二级干燥步骤中,通过进一步升高温度,例如约10℃至约50℃、优选约20℃至约40℃,除去更多的溶剂。压力为约3Pa至约40Pa,优选约5Pa至约30Pa。当二级干燥步骤完成时,冻干物的含水量通常最多为约5%。
任选地,冷冻步骤可以通过预冷却步骤进行,其中将温度降低至约2℃至约10℃。
由于玻璃容器壁的疏水性,与使用接触角小于约10°的常规玻璃小瓶的冷冻干燥相比,可以防止或显著减少玻璃雾化。因此,本发明提供了用于制备对患者和医生等具有高度可接受外观的冻干药物组合物的容易且方便的途径。
本发明将通过以下实施例进行说明,但是,该实施例不应理解为对本发明的限制。除非说明书中另有说明,否则所有的百分比都是重量百分比。
实施例
将pH 5.5的含有约25mg/ml抗IGF-1R人单克隆抗体、20mM L-组氨酸、250mM海藻糖和0.01%聚山梨酸酯20的药物组合物通过0.22μm滤器无菌过滤,并无菌填充到玻璃小瓶中。然后用ETFE(乙烯和四氟乙烯的共聚物)涂覆的橡胶塞部分盖住小瓶,采用表1中所述的冷冻干燥循环进行冷冻干燥。
(术语“抗IGF-1R人单克隆抗体”或“huMAb IGF-IR”包括WO2005/005635中描述的抗体)。
表1:
首先将药物组合物从室温冷却至约5℃(预冷却),随后以约1℃/分钟的板冷却速度在-40℃下进行冷却步骤,然后在-40℃下进行约2小时的保持步骤。在约-25℃的板温度和约80微巴的腔压力下进行初级干燥步骤约76小时。接下来,从-25℃至25℃以0.2℃/分钟的升温速度开始二级干燥步骤,然后在约80微巴的腔压力下进行至少5个小时的保持步骤。
冷冻干燥在LyoStar II冷冻干燥机(FTS Systems,Stone Ridge,纽约,美国)或Usifroid SMH-200冷冻干燥机(Usifroid,Maurepas,法国)中进行。然后对冷冻干燥小瓶的玻璃雾化进行目视检测。
本实施例中采用以下小瓶。
表2:
*洗涤和除热原
**硅化处理,PICVD涂层(PICVD=等离子涂层化学气相沉积)。这些小瓶的表面特性类似于焙硅酮类,但它是共价键合层。
***硅化处理
以10-6K-1给出热膨胀系数。
实施例1:在LyoStar II冷冻干燥机中进行的研究
对于在LyoStar II冷冻干燥机中进行的研究,向具有由其接触角描述的不同润湿性的不同批号的小瓶填充药物组合物。除了可得到的批号071001V只有13个小瓶之外,对于每个小瓶批号填充40个小瓶,部分封闭并根据上述循环冷冻干燥。冷冻干燥后对小瓶的玻璃雾化进行目视检测。
表3:
*当小瓶完全封闭在冷冻干燥机中时3个小瓶破碎
批号070820G的所有小瓶均发现了玻璃雾化,而其它批号的小瓶没有显示出玻璃雾化。如低接触角所描述的,批号070820G的小瓶具有高的润湿度,从而导致玻璃雾化。
图4显示表现出高至小瓶肩部的典型玻璃雾化的批号070820G的小瓶。图5和6分别显示没有表现出玻璃雾化的批号050530V的小瓶和批号7819的小瓶。
实施例2:在Usifroid SMH-200冷冻干燥机中进行的研究
对于在Usifroid SMH-200冷冻干燥机中进行的研究,在用药物组合物填充之前,具有由其接触角描述的不同润湿性的3个不同批号的小瓶在Bosch RUR L02小瓶洗涤机中洗涤并在Bosch TSQ U03隧道式除热原烘箱中除热原。填充后,用塞子部分封闭20mL小瓶并根据上述冷冻干燥循环进行冷冻干燥。冷冻干燥后对小瓶的玻璃雾化进行目视检测。
表4:
批号080229G的所有小瓶均发现了玻璃雾化,而其它批号的小瓶没有显示出玻璃雾化。如低接触角所描述的,批号080229G的小瓶具有高的润湿度,从而导致玻璃雾化。
Claims (12)
1.包含药物组合物的玻璃容器,该药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;
其中所述玻璃容器具有大于约10°的接触角。
2.权利要求1的玻璃容器,其中所述药物组合物为水性组合物形式。
3.权利要求1的玻璃容器,其中所述药物组合物为冻干形式。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的玻璃容器,其中所述治疗剂是蛋白质。
5.权利要求4的玻璃容器,其中所述治疗剂是抗体。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的玻璃容器,其中所述表面活性剂是非离子表面活性剂。
7.权利要求6的玻璃容器,其中所述表面活性剂是聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯。
8.前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃容器,其中所述药物组合物包含:
约0.01至约200mg/ml蛋白质;
0至约100mM缓冲剂;
约0.001至约1%表面活性剂;和
约1至约500mM稳定剂和/或约5至约500mM张度剂。
9.前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃容器,其中所述药物组合物包含:
约1至约200mg/ml抗体;
0至约100mM缓冲剂;
约0.001至约1%表面活性剂;和
约1至约500mM稳定剂和/或约5至约500mM张度剂。
10.冷冻干燥药物组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器;
(b)将药物组合物引入到玻璃容器,该药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;和
(c)进行冷冻干燥。
11.防止或减少玻璃雾化的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器;
(b)将药物组合物引入到玻璃容器,该药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂;和
(c)进行冷冻干燥。
12.具有大于约10°的接触角的玻璃容器用于在药物组合物冷冻干燥过程中防止或减少玻璃雾化的用途,所述药物组合物包含:
(i)治疗剂;和
(ii)表面活性剂。
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EP09156582 | 2009-03-30 | ||
EP09156582.0 | 2009-03-30 | ||
PCT/EP2010/053974 WO2010115728A2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-26 | A method for avoiding glass fogging |
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EP (1) | EP2413915A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2012520098A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102361632A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2749354A1 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG174606A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010115728A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN112512480A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2021-03-16 | 中外制药株式会社 | 被封入玻璃容器的冷冻干燥制剂 |
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US10737973B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2020-08-11 | Corning Incorporated | Pharmaceutical glass coating for achieving particle reduction |
KR102047016B1 (ko) | 2012-02-28 | 2019-11-20 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 저-마찰 코팅을 갖는 유리 제품 |
US11497681B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2022-11-15 | Corning Incorporated | Glass articles with low-friction coatings |
US9988174B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2018-06-05 | Corning Incorporated | Delamination resistant glass containers |
US10273048B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2019-04-30 | Corning Incorporated | Delamination resistant glass containers with heat-tolerant coatings |
US9034442B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2015-05-19 | Corning Incorporated | Strengthened borosilicate glass containers with improved damage tolerance |
BR112016014880A2 (pt) * | 2013-12-23 | 2017-08-08 | Samyang Biopharmaceuticals | Composição farmacêutica incluindo palonosetron |
WO2016037083A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Corning Incorporated | Glass articles and methods for improving the reliability of glass articles |
EP3150564B1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-12-05 | Corning Incorporated | Halogenated polyimide siloxane chemical compositions and glass articles with halogenated polylmide siloxane low-friction coatings |
RU2729081C2 (ru) | 2015-10-30 | 2020-08-04 | Корнинг Инкорпорейтед | Изделия из стекла со смешанными полимерными и металлоксидными покрытиями |
JP6866368B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-13 | 2021-04-28 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 液体組成物が収容された収容容器及び液体組成物の保管方法 |
EP3656218A1 (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-27 | Lonza Ltd | Method for testing the result of a filling process of vials |
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NZ332995A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2000-07-28 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | A protein which binds to osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) |
DE69910982T2 (de) * | 1998-03-06 | 2004-07-15 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Medizinischer artikel mit beschichteter oberfläche mit niedriger reibung und geringer eiweissadsorption |
US6660843B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2003-12-09 | Amgen Inc. | Modified peptides as therapeutic agents |
DE19921303C1 (de) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-10-12 | Schott Glas | Glasbehälter für medizinische Zwecke |
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JPWO2007020935A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-17 | 2009-02-26 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | P2y12受容体および/またはp2y14受容体ブロッカーを含有してなる疼痛治療剤 |
JP2010513309A (ja) * | 2006-12-18 | 2010-04-30 | アルタス ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | ヒト成長ホルモン製剤 |
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SG174606A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
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WO2010115728A9 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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EP2413915A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
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