CN102355258A - Low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier - Google Patents
Low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier Download PDFInfo
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- CN102355258A CN102355258A CN2011102206363A CN201110220636A CN102355258A CN 102355258 A CN102355258 A CN 102355258A CN 2011102206363 A CN2011102206363 A CN 2011102206363A CN 201110220636 A CN201110220636 A CN 201110220636A CN 102355258 A CN102355258 A CN 102355258A
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Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the integrated circuit technology field of a radio frequency wireless receiver, relates to a low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on an injection locked frequency multiplier; and the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator can be applied to a wireless receiver integrated circuit. The quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator comprises: two voltage-controlled oscillators, which work at a fundamental frequency f0; two pairs of coupling tubes; and a voltage-controlled oscillator, which works at second harmonic generation 2f0. Besides, the coupling tubes and the voltage-controlled oscillator with a working frequency of 2f0 form an injection locked frequency multiplier. According to the invention, a phase noise is determined by a difference voltage-controlled oscillator with a working frequency of f0 and a phase error is determined by an injection locked frequency multiplier. Moreover, the low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator provided in the invention is not different from the traditional quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator; more particularly, there is no compromising relation between a phase noise and a phase error in the low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, so that low phase noises can be realized on the premise that a high phase precision is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless radiofrequency receiver ic technical field, be specifically related to a kind of low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of making an uproar mutually that is applied to the wireless receiver frequency synthesizer (Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, QVCO).
Background technology
Along with development of wireless communication devices, zero intermediate frequency and Low Medium Frequency wireless radiofrequency receiver have obtained using widely.And these two kinds of receiver structures need orthogonal signalling to realize that mirror image suppresses and demodulation.The method that produces orthogonal signalling generally has following several:
(1) RC phase-shift network: at first design a differential voltage controlled oscillator, the output of voltage controlled oscillator is delivered to realized orthogonal signalling output in the RC phase-shift network then.The orthogonality of the signal that obtains of this method is poor, and power consumption is bigger.
(2) 2 frequency dividers: at first design a voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in two frequencys multiplication, will export signal then and deliver to and deliver to respectively in two 2 frequency dividers, obtain orthogonal signalling.This method power consumed is very big, and the phase of output signal error is also bigger, adds the voltage controlled oscillator that needs a high frequency of design, and design difficulty is high.
(3) transistors couple: adopt tube coupling that two differential signals are coupled.Simple in structure, but the quadrature tube coupling can be introduced extra noise, exists compromise between phase noise and the phase accuracy.
(4) transformer coupled: as to adopt transformer-coupled method, make the second harmonic of two differential voltage controlled oscillators have one 180 ° phase shift, realize orthogonal signalling output.Phase noise is low, and orthogonality is good, but transformer need take a lot of areas.
In sum, the design of orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator mainly is between these four amounts of phase noise, phase accuracy, area and power consumption, to trade off.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of realizing low phase noise output under a kind of prerequisite that guarantees high phase accuracy.
Voltage controlled oscillator provided by the invention is a kind of low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of making an uproar mutually based on the injection locking frequency multiplier, and it is operated in fundamental frequency f by two
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1, VCO2) and injection locking frequency multiplier constitute.Wherein, the injection locking frequency multiplier comprises that again two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) and one are operated in two frequency multiplication 2f
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3).The negative resistance generator of first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1) is managed (M1 and M2) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form; The negative resistance generator of second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2) is managed (M3 and M4) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form, and the negative resistance generator of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is managed (M9 and M10) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and connected to form; Two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) are made up of the NMOS pipe; Wherein the grid of first pair of tube coupling (M5-M6) connects the output of second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2); The output DP of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M1 and M2); The grid of second pair of tube coupling (M7-M8) connects the output of first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1), and the output DN of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M3 and M4) in addition.
In this structure, tube coupling guarantees that on the one hand two frequencies are f
0Pressuring controlling oscillator frequency equate, realize the orthogonal signalling that phase error is bigger simultaneously; Can be used as frequency multiplier on the other hand again and obtain the second harmonic of the output signal of two fundamental frequency voltage controlled oscillators.The second harmonic that two frequency multipliers are obtained is injected in the two frequency multiplication voltage controlled oscillators, through adjusting the resonance frequency of this two frequencys multiplication voltage controlled oscillator, guarantees that injection locking can realize.Finally, the phase place of the output signal of frequency multiplier is fixed, and differs stable and remain on 180 °.The output that so just can guarantee the fundamental frequency voltage controlled oscillator is quadrature.
The basic structure of the differential voltage controlled oscillator that is comprised in the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention is identical, all comprises:
(a 1) on-chip inductor electric capacity (LC) resonator;
(2) be used for frequency of oscillation is carried out variable capacitance on the tuning sheet;
(3) the negative resistance generator that is formed by connecting 2 NMOS pipe cross-couplings;
(4) be used for providing the tail current source of bias current to voltage controlled oscillator.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can be regulated the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in fundamental frequency through changing the appearance value of variable capacitance.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can be regulated the orthogonality of the output frequency and the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in two frequencys multiplication through changing the appearance value of variable capacitance.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can also be realized the function of frequency multiplier when realizing the low voltage controlled oscillator of making an uproar mutually.
Outstanding improvement of the present invention is that mainly orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator adopts new quadrature implementation, and wherein phase noise is to be determined by the differential voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in fundamental frequency, and phase accuracy is determined by the injection locking frequency multiplier.There is not trade-off relation between phase noise and the phase accuracy, can guaranteeing under the high phase accuracy, realize low phase noise output.Because orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention needs the voltage controlled oscillator of an extra high frequency, can be more bigger on power consumption and the area than the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of traditional usefulness transistors couple.
Description of drawings
The orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of Fig. 1 traditional structure.
The orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator schematic diagram of Fig. 2 traditional structure.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 voltage controlled oscillator based on the injection locking frequency multiplier of the present invention.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 4 orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention.
The quadrature output waveform of Fig. 5 voltage controlled oscillator.
The comparison diagram of making an uproar mutually of Fig. 6 voltage controlled oscillator.
The Monte Carlo of Fig. 7 phase relation is analyzed.
Embodiment
Describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is made up of two differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1 and VCO2 and the two couples of tube coupling M1-M2 and M3-M4.Wherein M5-M6 and M7-M8 are that dynatron is used for keeping vibration.Basic principle as shown in Figure 2, the cross-couplings mode can be introduced one 180 ° phase shift, according to Barkhausen criterion, the phase shift that whole loop is introduced is the integral multiple of 2 π.Suppose that then the phase shift that two voltage controlled oscillators are introduced equates all to be Φ, satisfies 2 Φ+π=2 π, i.e. Φ=pi/2.For traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator, coupling coefficient k=Iinj/Iosc is big more, and orthogonality is good more.But injection current can cause the Q value of inductance capacitance resonant cavity to reduce, and then worsens the phase noise of voltage controlled oscillator.
As shown in Figure 3, the voltage controlled oscillator based on the injection locking frequency multiplier of the present invention comprises three fully differential voltage controlled oscillators.Wherein voltage controlled oscillator VCO 1, VCO2 are operated in fundamental frequency, and VCO3 is operated in two frequencys multiplication.M1-M4 and M9-M10 are that dynatron is used for keeping corresponding voltage controlled oscillator vibration respectively.M5-M6 and M7-M8 are tube coupling, can be used as frequency multiplier simultaneously.The operation principle of this voltage controlled oscillator is described in conjunction with Fig. 4.The phase place of supposing VCO1 output signal is φ and φ+π, and the phase place of VCO2 output signal is θ and θ+π.M5-M6 constitutes frequency multiplier 1, and M7-M8 constitutes frequency multiplier 2.The phase place of the drain terminal of frequency multiplier 1 and source end output signal is respectively 2 φ and 2 φ+2 π.The phase place of the drain terminal of frequency multiplier 2 and source end output signal is respectively 2 θ and 2 θ+2 π.The drain terminal signal of frequency multiplication 1 and frequency multiplier 2 is injected into the output of VCO3, and the source end signal is injected into common-mode point A and B place.The source end injects signal can guarantee that the output frequency of two VCO is equal, can realize the orthogonal signalling that phase error is bigger simultaneously.Through adjustment VCTRL2, to change the resonance frequency of VCO3, be injected into the signal of VCO3, constantly the adjustment respective phase.If injection locking can realize that the phase place of frequency multiplier drain terminal output signal is fixed, both keep 180 ° phase difference, i.e. 2 φ=2 θ ± π.So, the phase=θ ± pi/2 of VCO1 and VCO3 output signal promptly can be realized quadrature.Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention is not to inject coupling through electric current, and the Q value that is operated in the inductance capacitance resonant cavity in the voltage controlled oscillator of fundamental frequency can not reduce, and promptly makes an uproar mutually and can not worsen.
Fig. 5 is the quadrature output waveform of this orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator.Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram of making an uproar mutually, can find, the curve of making an uproar mutually based on the voltage controlled oscillator of injection locking frequency multiplier of this invention almost overlaps with the curve of making an uproar mutually of the voltage controlled oscillator of difference, is lower than the making an uproar mutually of orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of traditional structure simultaneously.Fig. 7 is that the Monte Carlo of phase relation is analyzed, and wherein (a) figure is the phase relation that traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is exported, phase relation of figure (b) this voltage controlled oscillator output when VCTRL2 is 1V.The output phase mean value of traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is 90.0038 °, and standard deviation is 336.485m; The output phase mean value of the voltage controlled oscillator that this invention proposes is 90.0022 °, and standard deviation is 308.353m.The standard deviation of the output phase of this voltage controlled oscillator proves that less than the standard deviation of traditional structure output phase the phase place accuracy of this voltage controlled oscillator will be higher than traditional structure.What Fig. 7 (b)-(d) represented is the output phase relation under different VCTRL2 conditions, can find that phase accuracy changes along with the change of control voltage.This shows, in the side circuit test process, can improve the orthogonality of voltage controlled oscillator output through the value of regulating VCTRL2.
Claims (2)
1. the low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of making an uproar mutually based on the injection locking frequency multiplier is characterized in that being operated in fundamental frequency f by two
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1, VCO2) and injection locking frequency multiplier constitute; Wherein, said injection locking frequency multiplier comprises that again two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) and one are operated in two frequency multiplication 2f
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3); The negative resistance generator of first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1) is managed (M1 and M2) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form; The negative resistance generator of second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2) is managed (M3 and M4) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form, and the negative resistance generator of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is managed (M9 and M10) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and connected to form; Said two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) are made up of the NMOS pipe; Wherein, The grid of first pair of tube coupling (M5-M6) connects the output of second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2); The output DP of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M1 and M2) of the negative resistance generator of first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1); The grid of second pair of tube coupling (M7-M8) connects the output of first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1); The output DN of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M3 and M4) of the negative resistance generator of second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2).
2. orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that each voltage controlled oscillator includes:
(a 1) on-chip inductor electric capacity (LC) resonator;
(2) be used for frequency of oscillation is carried out variable capacitance on the tuning sheet;
(3) the negative resistance generator that is formed by connecting 2 NMOS pipe cross-couplings;
(4) be used for providing the tail current source of bias current to voltage controlled oscillator.
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Cited By (14)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103475310A (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2013-12-25 | 复旦大学 | Low power consumption injection locked frequency tripler |
| CN104202044A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Differential push-push voltage controlled oscillator and signal generation device |
| CN104333329A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-02-04 | 复旦大学 | Injection enhanced low-power wide-locking-scope injection locking tripler |
| CN104660290A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉大学苏州研究院 | Current-reusable low-power-consumption radio frequency front-end receiving circuit |
| CN106026924A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-12 | 复旦大学 | Terahertz wave CMOS injection-locking frequency multiplier applied to bioimaging |
| CN106026923A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 东南大学 | Near-threshold low-power-consumption quadrature voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN107017843A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-08-04 | 德州仪器公司 | Inductive coupling transmission transistor quadrature voltage controls oscillator |
| CN107124154A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-09-01 | 复旦大学 | A kind of high-precision active phase shifter in broadband |
| CN109075744A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 佳能株式会社 | element |
| CN110460309A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-11-15 | 华讯方舟科技有限公司 | A kind of injection locking frequency multiplier circuit and injection locked frequency multiplier |
| TWI696343B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-06-11 | 美商格芯（美國）集成電路科技有限公司 | Methods, apparatus, and system for a frequency doubler for a millimeter wave device |
| WO2020119292A1 (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2020-06-18 | 华南理工大学 | Quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with phase shift |
| CN111313892A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-19 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Switchable dual-core injection locking frequency divider with wide locking range |
| CN112542995A (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2021-03-23 | 上海矽杰微电子有限公司 | High-output-power millimeter wave frequency doubler and output method thereof |
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| CN103475310A (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2013-12-25 | 复旦大学 | Low power consumption injection locked frequency tripler |
| CN104202044B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-09-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of difference pushes controlled oscillator and signal generation device |
| CN104202044A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Differential push-push voltage controlled oscillator and signal generation device |
| CN104333329A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-02-04 | 复旦大学 | Injection enhanced low-power wide-locking-scope injection locking tripler |
| CN104333329B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-05-10 | 复旦大学 | Injection enhanced low-power wide-locking-scope injection locking tripler |
| CN104660290A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉大学苏州研究院 | Current-reusable low-power-consumption radio frequency front-end receiving circuit |
| CN104660290B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-03-29 | 武汉大学苏州研究院 | A kind of electric current reusable radio frequency front-end with low power consumption receiving circuit |
| CN107017843B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2022-06-21 | 德州仪器公司 | Inductive coupling type transmission transistor quadrature voltage control oscillator |
| CN107017843A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-08-04 | 德州仪器公司 | Inductive coupling transmission transistor quadrature voltage controls oscillator |
| CN109075744A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 佳能株式会社 | element |
| US11258156B2 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2022-02-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Element used for an oscillation or detection of a terahertz wave |
| CN109075744B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2022-04-29 | 佳能株式会社 | Component |
| CN106026924A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-12 | 复旦大学 | Terahertz wave CMOS injection-locking frequency multiplier applied to bioimaging |
| CN106026923B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-07-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of nearly threshold value low-power consumption orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator |
| CN106026923A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 东南大学 | Near-threshold low-power-consumption quadrature voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN107124154B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-09-17 | 复旦大学 | Broadband high-precision active phase shifter |
| CN107124154A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-09-01 | 复旦大学 | A kind of high-precision active phase shifter in broadband |
| TWI696343B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-06-11 | 美商格芯（美國）集成電路科技有限公司 | Methods, apparatus, and system for a frequency doubler for a millimeter wave device |
| CN111313892B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-07-28 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Wide locking range switchable dual-core injection locking frequency divider |
| CN111313892A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-19 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Switchable dual-core injection locking frequency divider with wide locking range |
| US11245359B2 (en) | 2018-12-15 | 2022-02-08 | South China University Of Technology | Quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with phase shift |
| WO2020119292A1 (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2020-06-18 | 华南理工大学 | Quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with phase shift |
| CN110460309A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-11-15 | 华讯方舟科技有限公司 | A kind of injection locking frequency multiplier circuit and injection locked frequency multiplier |
| CN112542995B (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2022-04-19 | 上海矽杰微电子有限公司 | High-output-power millimeter wave frequency doubler and output method thereof |
| CN112542995A (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2021-03-23 | 上海矽杰微电子有限公司 | High-output-power millimeter wave frequency doubler and output method thereof |
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