CN106712719A - Orthogonal inductance-capacitance voltage-controlled oscillator with low power consumption and low phase noise - Google Patents

Orthogonal inductance-capacitance voltage-controlled oscillator with low power consumption and low phase noise Download PDF

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CN106712719A
CN106712719A CN201611103626.0A CN201611103626A CN106712719A CN 106712719 A CN106712719 A CN 106712719A CN 201611103626 A CN201611103626 A CN 201611103626A CN 106712719 A CN106712719 A CN 106712719A
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vco
pipe
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蔡和木
林福江
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/20Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator
    • H03B5/24Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B27/00Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器,包括:两个具有相同结构的压控振荡器VCO、二极管连接的MOS管NM4及低通RC滤波器LPF;其中,每一VCO均包括:电感与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络、与LC谐振网络相连的上P下N互补的负阻差分对管、以及与上P下N互补的负阻差分对管相连的串联耦合管及尾电流管;两个VCO中的串联耦合管相连;二极管连接的MOS管NM4、低通RC滤波器LPF以及两个VCO中的尾电流管依次连接构成电流镜。上述方案具有低功耗、低相位噪声、低相位误差和高线性增益的特点,适用于锁相环型频率综合器中。

The invention discloses a low-power-consumption and low-phase-noise quadrature inductance-capacitance voltage-controlled oscillator, comprising: two voltage-controlled oscillators VCO with the same structure, a diode-connected MOS transistor NM4 and a low-pass RC filter LPF; Among them, each VCO includes: an LC resonant network composed of an inductor and a distributed varactor structure circuit, an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair connected to the LC resonant network, and an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair. The series coupling tube and the tail current tube connected to the resistance differential pair tube; the series coupling tubes in the two VCOs are connected; the diode-connected MOS transistor NM4, the low-pass RC filter LPF, and the tail current tubes in the two VCOs are sequentially connected to form a current mirror. The above scheme has the characteristics of low power consumption, low phase noise, low phase error and high linear gain, and is suitable for phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers.

Description

低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器Quadrature LC-VCO with Low Power Consumption and Low Phase Noise

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及射频集成电路技术领域,尤其涉及一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器。The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency integrated circuits, in particular to an orthogonal inductance-capacitance voltage-controlled oscillator with low power consumption and low phase noise.

背景技术Background technique

近年来,随着现代无线通信技术的飞速发展,无线便携设备迅速普及,人们对于电子产品可移动化要求的提高收到了电池容量发展的限制,低功耗设计越来越受到人们的重视。同时,零中频和低中频收发机由于其低功耗、低成本和高集成度越来越多地应用到无线移动通信系统中。在零中频和低中频结构的收发机需要正交信号来实现正交调制和解调,这样一个低功耗低相位噪声的能实现准确正交相位输出的压控振荡器(VCO)成为收发机中的关键模块。In recent years, with the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology and the rapid popularization of wireless portable devices, people's requirements for the mobility of electronic products have been limited by the development of battery capacity, and people have paid more and more attention to low power consumption design. At the same time, zero-IF and low-IF transceivers are increasingly used in wireless mobile communication systems due to their low power consumption, low cost, and high integration. Transceivers with zero-IF and low-IF structures require quadrature signals to achieve quadrature modulation and demodulation. Such a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low power consumption and low phase noise that can achieve accurate quadrature phase output becomes a transceiver key modules in .

目前,实现正交相位输出压控振荡器的方法有多种。第一种是电阻电容(RC)多相滤波器,其相移与RC值密切相关,容易受到工艺、电压和温度的(PVT)影响,同时RC多相滤波器电路会导致信号衰减并引入电阻热噪声,需额外的放大级来放大信号,这也将引入好大的系统功耗。第二种是使用环形振荡器,环形振荡器多用在相位噪声要求不高且工作频率相对较低的情况下。根据环形振荡器中的延时级数,每一级输出一定的相位,级数越多,输出相位数目越多,同时延时越大,所产生的最大输出频率越小。第三种是VCO二分频结构,将VCO振荡在两倍的目标频率,再直接二分频实现正交,由于VCO和分频器都工作在目标频率的两倍频率处,导致功耗增加,而且正交性能会受到VCO输出波形占空比的影响。第四种方法是采用正交压控振荡器(QVCO),直接将两个相同的电感电容压控振荡器(LC-VCO)耦合在一起,由于其输出具有更好的相位噪声性能和正交特性,QVCO得到了广泛的应用。At present, there are many ways to realize the quadrature phase output voltage-controlled oscillator. The first is a resistor-capacitor (RC) polyphase filter, whose phase shift is closely related to the RC value and is susceptible to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) effects. At the same time, the RC polyphase filter circuit will cause signal attenuation and introduce resistance Thermal noise requires an additional amplifier stage to amplify the signal, which will also introduce a large system power consumption. The second is to use a ring oscillator, which is mostly used when the phase noise requirement is not high and the operating frequency is relatively low. According to the number of delay stages in the ring oscillator, each stage outputs a certain phase, the more stages, the more the number of output phases, and the greater the delay, the smaller the maximum output frequency generated. The third is the VCO two-frequency structure, which oscillates the VCO at twice the target frequency, and then directly divides the frequency by two to achieve quadrature. Since both the VCO and the frequency divider work at twice the target frequency, the power consumption increases , and the quadrature performance will be affected by the duty cycle of the VCO output waveform. The fourth method is to use a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO), directly coupling two identical LC-VCOs together, because its output has better phase noise performance and quadrature characteristics, QVCO has been widely used.

QVCO首先是由Rofougaran等人在1996年提出,其结构如附图1所示,这种结构中耦合管与开关管并联(称为P-QVCO),定义耦合管与开关管之间的宽度比为耦合强度。在QVCO中,两个LC-VCO之间的各种失配会影响正交信号幅度和相位失配,其中幅度失配可通过输出缓冲器进行限幅调节,而幅度失配没有相应的调节措施,因此相位误差是QVCO的一个重要指标。在P-QVCO中,相位误差与耦合强度具有很强的函数关系,导致相位误差和相位噪声两者存在折衷,而且并联耦合管引入的噪声会直接进入谐振腔,恶化相位噪声。QVCO was first proposed by Rofougaran et al. in 1996. Its structure is shown in Figure 1. In this structure, the coupling tube and the switching tube are connected in parallel (called P-QVCO), and the width ratio between the coupling tube and the switching tube is defined. is the coupling strength. In a QVCO, various mismatches between two LC-VCOs will affect the quadrature signal amplitude and phase mismatch, where the amplitude mismatch can be adjusted by clipping through the output buffer, while the amplitude mismatch has no corresponding adjustment measures , so the phase error is an important indicator of QVCO. In P-QVCO, the phase error has a strong functional relationship with the coupling strength, resulting in a trade-off between phase error and phase noise, and the noise introduced by the parallel coupling tube will directly enter the resonant cavity, deteriorating the phase noise.

Andreani等人在2002提出了将耦合管与开关管串联的QVCO结构(称为S-QVCO),其结构如附图2所示。虽然该方案中相位误差仅仅是耦合强度的弱函数,可以同时优化相位误差和相位噪声性能,但是功耗和相位噪声依然较高,有必要做进一步的改进。Andreani et al. proposed in 2002 a QVCO structure (called S-QVCO) in which a coupling tube and a switch tube are connected in series, and its structure is shown in FIG. 2 . Although the phase error in this scheme is only a weak function of the coupling strength, the phase error and phase noise performance can be optimized at the same time, but the power consumption and phase noise are still high, and further improvements are necessary.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器,具有低功耗、低相位噪声、低相位误差和高线性增益的特点,适用于锁相环型频率综合器中。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low power consumption and low phase noise quadrature inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator, which has the characteristics of low power consumption, low phase noise, low phase error and high linear gain, and is suitable for phase-locked loop frequency in the synthesizer.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器,包括:两个具有相同结构的压控振荡器VCO、二极管连接的MOS管NM4及低通RC滤波器LPF;A low-power-consumption and low-phase-noise quadrature inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator, comprising: two voltage-controlled oscillators VCO with the same structure, a diode-connected MOS transistor NM4, and a low-pass RC filter LPF;

其中,每一VCO均包括:电感与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络、与LC谐振网络相连的上P下N互补的负阻差分对管、以及与上P下N互补的负阻差分对管相连的串联耦合管及尾电流管;Among them, each VCO includes: an LC resonant network composed of an inductor and a distributed varactor structure circuit, an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair connected to the LC resonant network, and an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair. The series coupling tube and the tail current tube connected to the resistance differential pair tube;

两个VCO中的串联耦合管相连;二极管连接的MOS管NM4、低通RC滤波器LPF以及两个VCO中的尾电流管依次连接构成电流镜。The series coupling tubes in the two VCOs are connected; the diode-connected MOS tube NM4, the low-pass RC filter LPF, and the tail current tubes in the two VCOs are connected in sequence to form a current mirror.

所述电感与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络包括:The LC resonant network composed of the inductor and the distributed varactor structure circuit includes:

分布式变容管结构电路包括:第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第一变容管Cv1、第二变容管Cv2、第三变容管Cv3和第四变容管Cv4;其中:The distributed varactor structure circuit includes: a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a A varactor Cv1, a second varactor Cv2, a third varactor Cv3 and a fourth varactor Cv4; wherein:

第一电容C1的一端接第一电压输出端,另一端与第一电阻R1和第一变容管Cv1相连;第二电容C2的一端接第二电压输出端,另一端与第二电阻R2和第二变容管Cv2相连;第三电容C3的一端接第一电压输出端,另一端与第三电阻R3和第三变容管Cv3相连;第四电容C4的一端接第二电压输出端,另一端与第四电阻R4和第四变容管Cv4相连;第一电阻R1的另一端与第二电阻R2的另一端相连,接第一偏置电压VB1;第三电阻R3的另一端与第四电阻R4的另一端相连,接第二偏置电压VB2;四个变容管Cv1~Cv4的另一端相连在一起,接控制电压Vcont;One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the first resistor R1 and the first varactor Cv1; one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the second resistor R2 and the first varactor Cv1. The second varactor Cv2 is connected; one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the first voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the third resistor R3 and the third varactor Cv3; one end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the second voltage output end, The other end is connected to the fourth resistor R4 and the fourth varactor Cv4; the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2 and connected to the first bias voltage VB1; the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first bias voltage VB1. The other ends of the four resistors R4 are connected to the second bias voltage VB2; the other ends of the four varactors Cv1-Cv4 are connected together to the control voltage Vcont;

电感L的两端分别接VCO的第一电压输出端与第二电压输出端,从而与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络。Both ends of the inductance L are respectively connected to the first voltage output end and the second voltage output end of the VCO, thereby forming an LC resonant network with a distributed varactor structure circuit.

所述上P下N互补的负阻差分对管包括:第一开关管PM1、第二开关管PM2、第三开关管NM1和第四开关管NM2;其中:The upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair includes: a first switching tube PM1, a second switching tube PM2, a third switching tube NM1 and a fourth switching tube NM2; wherein:

第一开关管PM1的漏端与第三开关管NM1的漏端相连,作为VCO的第一电压输出端;第二开关管PM2的漏端与第四开关管NM2的漏端相连,作为VCO的第二电压输出端;The drain end of the first switching tube PM1 is connected to the drain end of the third switching tube NM1 as the first voltage output end of the VCO; the drain end of the second switching tube PM2 is connected to the drain end of the fourth switching tube NM2 as the output terminal of the VCO a second voltage output terminal;

第一开关管PM1的栅端与第三开关管NM1的栅端均连接第二电压输出端,第二开关管PM2的栅端与第四开关管NM2的栅端相连接第一电压输出端;The gate terminal of the first switch tube PM1 and the gate terminal of the third switch tube NM1 are both connected to the second voltage output terminal, and the gate terminal of the second switch tube PM2 is connected to the first voltage output terminal with the gate terminal of the fourth switch tube NM2;

上P下N互补的负阻差分对管等效为负阻,与LC谐振网络相连后,对LC谐振网络进行能量补偿。The upper P and lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair tubes are equivalent to negative resistance, and after being connected to the LC resonant network, energy compensation is performed on the LC resonant network.

串联耦合管包括:第一耦合管PMc1与第二耦合管PMc2;其中:The series coupling tubes include: a first coupling tube PMc1 and a second coupling tube PMc2; wherein:

第一耦合管PMc1与第二耦合管PMc2的共源端接电源,第一耦合管PMc1的漏端接第一开关管PM1的源端,第二耦合管PMc2的漏端接第二开关管PM2的源端。The common source terminal of the first coupling tube PMc1 and the second coupling tube PMc2 is connected to the power supply, the drain terminal of the first coupling tube PMc1 is connected to the source terminal of the first switching tube PM1, and the drain terminal of the second coupling tube PMc2 is connected to the second switching tube PM2 source.

所述尾电流管为NM3,其漏端与第三开关管NM1与第四开关管NM2的共源端相连,源端接地,为VCO提供直流偏置。The tail current tube is NM3, the drain of which is connected to the common source of the third switching tube NM1 and the fourth switching tube NM2, and the source is grounded to provide a DC bias for the VCO.

所述两个VCO中的串联耦合管相连包括:The connection of the series coupling tubes in the two VCOs includes:

两个VCO分别记为VCO_A与VCO_B,其中的串联耦合管均为PMOS管;The two VCOs are respectively marked as VCO_A and VCO_B, and the series coupling tubes are all PMOS tubes;

VCO_A包括第一电压输出节点QP与第二电压输出节点QN,VCO_A中的串联耦合管包括第一耦合管PMc1a与第二耦合管PMc2a,第一耦合管PMc1a与第二耦合管PMc2a的共源端接电源;VCO_B包括第一电压输出节点IP与第二电压输出节点IN,VCO_B的串联耦合管包括第一耦合管PMc1b与第二耦合管PMc2b,第一耦合管PMc1b与第二耦合管PMc2b的共源端接电源;VCO_A includes a first voltage output node QP and a second voltage output node QN, the series coupling transistors in VCO_A include a first coupling transistor PMc1a and a second coupling transistor PMc2a, and the common source terminals of the first coupling transistor PMc1a and the second coupling transistor PMc2a connected to the power supply; VCO_B includes the first voltage output node IP and the second voltage output node IN, the series coupling transistor of VCO_B includes the first coupling transistor PMc1b and the second coupling transistor PMc2b, and the common coupling transistor PMc1b and the second coupling transistor PMc2b The source terminal is connected to the power supply;

VCO_B的第一电压输出端IP接VCO_A的第一耦合管PMc1a的栅端,VCO_B的第二电压输出端IN接VCO_A的第二耦合管PMc2a的栅端,VCO_A的第一电压输出端QP接VCO_B的第二耦合管PMc2b的栅端,VCO_A的第二电压输出端QN接VCO_B的第一耦合管PMc1b的栅端。The first voltage output terminal IP of VCO_B is connected to the gate terminal of the first coupling transistor PMc1a of VCO_A, the second voltage output terminal IN of VCO_B is connected to the gate terminal of the second coupling transistor PMc2a of VCO_A, and the first voltage output terminal QP of VCO_A is connected to VCO_B The gate terminal of the second coupling transistor PMc2b of VCO_A, the second voltage output terminal QN of VCO_A is connected to the gate terminal of the first coupling transistor PMc1b of VCO_B.

二极管连接的MOS管NM4、低通RC滤波器LPF以及两个VCO中的尾电流管依次连接构成电流镜包括:The diode-connected MOS transistor NM4, the low-pass RC filter LPF and the tail current transistors in the two VCOs are sequentially connected to form a current mirror including:

二极管连接的NM4的漏端与栅端相连,接电流源,源端接地,栅端经过低通RC滤波器LPF,与VCO_A中的尾电流管NM3a和VCO_B中的尾电流管NM3b的栅端相连。The drain terminal of the diode-connected NM4 is connected to the gate terminal, connected to the current source, and the source terminal is grounded. The gate terminal passes through the low-pass RC filter LPF and is connected to the gate terminal of the tail current transistor NM3a in VCO_A and the tail current transistor NM3b in VCO_B. .

由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,1)正交压控振荡器的振荡单元采用上P下N交叉耦合互补结构,这样的互补结构实现了电流复用,在跨导一定的情况下只需要更小的电流,可以有效地降低电路的功耗。2)低相位噪声由以下三点实现:QVCO采用PMOS串联耦合的方式,耦合管与开关管接成Cascode结构,有效降低了耦合管的噪声贡献;为获得相同的跨导,PMOS的尺寸要大于NMOS,选用PMOS作为耦合管而不是NMOS,有效降低了耦合管的1/f噪声;在电流镜中,NM4相比尾电流管的尺寸较小,加入RC低通滤波器可以滤除部分NM4和外加电源的噪声。同时,相位误差仅仅是耦合强度的弱函数,相位误差和相位噪声性能可以同时得到优化。3)采用分布式的变容管结构,采用两组变容管对,分别由偏置电压VB1和VB2控制其线性范围,可以扩大控制电压的线性范围,提高QVCO增益的线性度。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solution provided by the present invention that 1) the oscillation unit of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator adopts an upper P lower N cross-coupled complementary structure, and such a complementary structure realizes current multiplexing. Only a smaller current is required, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the circuit. 2) Low phase noise is achieved by the following three points: QVCO adopts the PMOS series coupling method, and the coupling tube and the switching tube are connected into a Cascode structure, which effectively reduces the noise contribution of the coupling tube; in order to obtain the same transconductance, the size of the PMOS should be larger than NMOS, PMOS is used as the coupling tube instead of NMOS, which effectively reduces the 1/f noise of the coupling tube; in the current mirror, NM4 is smaller in size than the tail current tube, adding an RC low-pass filter can filter out part of NM4 and Noise from the external power supply. At the same time, the phase error is only a weak function of the coupling strength, and the phase error and phase noise performance can be optimized simultaneously. 3) A distributed varactor structure is adopted, and two sets of varactor pairs are used, and their linear ranges are respectively controlled by bias voltages VB1 and VB2, which can expand the linear range of the control voltage and improve the linearity of the QVCO gain.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

图1为本发明背景技术提供的现有技术中并联耦合型QVCO电路图;Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of parallel coupling type QVCO in the prior art that the background technology of the present invention provides;

图2为本发明背景技术提供的现有技术中串联耦合型QVCO电路图;Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of series coupling type QVCO in the prior art that background technology of the present invention provides;

图3为本发明实施例提供的一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器电路示意图;FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-power-consumption and low-phase-noise quadrature inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例提供的分布式变容管结构电路示意图;4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a distributed varactor structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图5为本发明实施例提供的QVCO的瞬态波形的仿真结果示意图;Fig. 5 is the simulation result schematic diagram of the transient waveform of QVCO that the embodiment of the present invention provides;

图6为本发明实施例提供的QVCO的相位噪声的仿真结果示意图;6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the phase noise of the QVCO provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图7为本发明实施例提供的QVCO的相位误差的仿真结果示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a phase error of a QVCO provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

本发明实施例提供一种低功耗低相位噪声的正交电感电容压控振荡器,如图3所示,其主要包括:两个具有相同结构的压控振荡器VCO(分别记为VCO_A与VCO_B)、二极管连接的MOS管NM4及低通RC滤波器LPF;An embodiment of the present invention provides a low power consumption and low phase noise quadrature inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator, as shown in FIG. 3 , which mainly includes: two voltage-controlled oscillators VCO (denoted as VCO_A and VCO_B), diode-connected MOS transistor NM4 and low-pass RC filter LPF;

其中,每一VCO均包括:电感与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络、与LC谐振网络相连的上P下N互补的负阻差分对管、以及与上P下N互补的负阻差分对管相连的串联耦合管及尾电流管;Among them, each VCO includes: an LC resonant network composed of an inductor and a distributed varactor structure circuit, an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair connected to the LC resonant network, and an upper P lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair. The series coupling tube and the tail current tube connected to the resistance differential pair tube;

两个VCO中的串联耦合管相连;二极管连接的MOS管NM4、低通RC滤波器LPF以及两个VCO中的尾电流管依次连接构成电流镜。The series coupling tubes in the two VCOs are connected; the diode-connected MOS tube NM4, the low-pass RC filter LPF, and the tail current tubes in the two VCOs are connected in sequence to form a current mirror.

下面针对LC谐振网络、上P下N互补的负阻差分对管、串联耦合管及尾电流管的具体结构做详细的说明。The specific structures of the LC resonant network, the upper P and the lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair tubes, series coupling tubes and tail current tubes will be described in detail below.

1、LC谐振网络。1. LC resonant network.

其包括:分布式变容管结构电路与电感。It includes: distributed varactor structure circuit and inductance.

1)如图4所示,分布式变容管结构电路包括:第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第一变容管Cv1、第二变容管Cv2、第三变容管Cv3和第四变容管Cv4;其中:1) As shown in Figure 4, the distributed varactor structure circuit includes: first capacitor C1, second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, fourth capacitor C4, first resistor R1, second resistor R2, third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, the first varactor Cv1, the second varactor Cv2, the third varactor Cv3 and the fourth varactor Cv4; wherein:

第一电容C1的一端接第一电压输出端,另一端与第一电阻R1和第一变容管Cv1相连;第二电容C2的一端接第二电压输出端,另一端与第二电阻R2和第二变容管Cv2相连;第三电容C3的一端接第一电压输出端,另一端与第三电阻R3和第三变容管Cv3相连;第四电容C4的一端接第二电压输出端,另一端与第四电阻R4和第四变容管Cv4相连;第一电阻R1的另一端与第二电阻R2的另一端相连,接第一偏置电压VB1;第三电阻R3的另一端与第四电阻R4的另一端相连,接第二偏置电压VB2;四个变容管Cv1~Cv4的另一端相连在一起,接控制电压Vcont。One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the first resistor R1 and the first varactor Cv1; one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the second resistor R2 and the first varactor Cv1. The second varactor Cv2 is connected; one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the first voltage output end, and the other end is connected to the third resistor R3 and the third varactor Cv3; one end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the second voltage output end, The other end is connected to the fourth resistor R4 and the fourth varactor Cv4; the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2 and connected to the first bias voltage VB1; the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first bias voltage VB1. The other ends of the four resistors R4 are connected to the second bias voltage VB2; the other ends of the four varactors Cv1-Cv4 are connected together to the control voltage Vcont.

2)电感L的两端分别接VCO的第一电压输出端与第二电压输出端,从而与分布式变容管结构电路组成的LC谐振网络。2) Both ends of the inductance L are respectively connected to the first voltage output terminal and the second voltage output terminal of the VCO, thereby forming an LC resonant network with a distributed varactor structure circuit.

本领域技术人员可以理解,在上文的各个元器件的末尾部分加上a或者b即表示VCO_A或者VCO_B内的元器件;例如,上文的第一电容C1的末尾部分加上a,即第一电容C1a,则表示为VCO_A中的元器件;上文的第一电容C1的末尾部分加上b,即第一电容C1b,则表示为VCO_B中的元器件。当然,后文所出现的各个元器件也类似的,故不再赘述,但是上述标记的表示方式只是为了区分,并非对方案本身进行限制。Those skilled in the art can understand that adding a or b to the end of each of the above components means the components in VCO_A or VCO_B; for example, adding a to the end of the first capacitor C1 above means that the first A capacitor C1a is represented as a component in VCO_A; b is added to the end of the first capacitor C1 above, that is, the first capacitor C1b is represented as a component in VCO_B. Of course, the various components that appear later are also similar, so they will not be described in detail, but the representation of the above marks is only for distinguishing, not to limit the solution itself.

2、上P下N互补的负阻差分对管。2. Upper P and lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair tubes.

其主要包括:第一开关管PM1、第二开关管PM2、第三开关管NM1和第四开关管NM2;其中:It mainly includes: a first switching tube PM1, a second switching tube PM2, a third switching tube NM1 and a fourth switching tube NM2; wherein:

第一开关管PM1的漏端与第三开关管NM1的漏端相连,作为VCO的第一电压输出端;第二开关管PM2与第四开关管NM2的漏端相连,作为VCO的第二电压输出端;The drain terminal of the first switching tube PM1 is connected to the drain terminal of the third switching tube NM1 as the first voltage output terminal of the VCO; the second switching tube PM2 is connected to the drain terminal of the fourth switching tube NM2 as the second voltage of the VCO output terminal;

第一开关管PM1的栅端与第三开关管NM1的栅端均连接第二电压输出端,第二开关管PM2的栅端与第四开关管NM2的栅端相连接第一电压输出端;The gate terminal of the first switch tube PM1 and the gate terminal of the third switch tube NM1 are both connected to the second voltage output terminal, and the gate terminal of the second switch tube PM2 is connected to the first voltage output terminal with the gate terminal of the fourth switch tube NM2;

上P下N互补的负阻差分对管等效为负阻,与LC谐振网络相连后,对LC谐振网络进行能量补偿。The upper P and lower N complementary negative resistance differential pair tubes are equivalent to negative resistance, and after being connected to the LC resonant network, energy compensation is performed on the LC resonant network.

3、串联耦合管。3. Series coupling tube.

其主要包括:第一耦合管PMc1与第二耦合管PMc2;其中:It mainly includes: the first coupling tube PMc1 and the second coupling tube PMc2; where:

第一耦合管PMc1与第二耦合管PMc2的共源端接电源,第一耦合管PMc1的漏端接第一开关管PM1的源端,第二耦合管PMc2的漏端接第二开关管PM2的源端。The common source terminal of the first coupling tube PMc1 and the second coupling tube PMc2 is connected to the power supply, the drain terminal of the first coupling tube PMc1 is connected to the source terminal of the first switching tube PM1, and the drain terminal of the second coupling tube PMc2 is connected to the second switching tube PM2 source.

4、尾电流管。4. Tail current tube.

尾电流管为NM3,其漏端与第三开关管NM1与第四开关管NM2的共源端相连,源端接地,为VCO提供直流偏置。The tail current tube is NM3, the drain of which is connected to the common source of the third switching tube NM1 and the fourth switching tube NM2, and the source is grounded to provide a DC bias for the VCO.

本发明实施例中,VCO_A与VCO_B通过串联耦合管相连;其中的串联耦合管均为PMOS管。结合附图3来看,VCO_A包括第一电压输出节点QP与第二电压输出节点QN,VCO_A中的串联耦合管包括第一耦合管PMc1a与第二耦合管PMc2a,第一耦合管PMc1a与第二耦合管PMc2a的共源端接电源;VCO_B包括第一电压输出节点IP与第二电压输出节点IN,VCO_B的串联耦合管包括第一耦合管PMc1b与第二耦合管PMc2b,第一耦合管PMc1b与第二耦合管PMc2b的共源端接电源;In the embodiment of the present invention, VCO_A and VCO_B are connected through series coupling transistors; the series coupling transistors are all PMOS transistors. 3, VCO_A includes a first voltage output node QP and a second voltage output node QN, the series coupling transistors in VCO_A include a first coupling transistor PMc1a and a second coupling transistor PMc2a, the first coupling transistor PMc1a and a second coupling transistor PMc2a The common source of the coupling tube PMc2a is connected to the power supply; VCO_B includes the first voltage output node IP and the second voltage output node IN, the series coupling tube of VCO_B includes the first coupling tube PMc1b and the second coupling tube PMc2b, the first coupling tube PMc1b and the The common source terminal of the second coupling tube PMc2b is connected to the power supply;

VCO_B的第一电压输出端IP接VCO_A的第一耦合管PMc1a的栅端,VCO_B的第二电压输出端IN接VCO_A的第二耦合管PMc2a的栅端,VCO_A的第一电压输出端QP接VCO_B的第二耦合管PMc2b的栅端,VCO_A的第二电压输出端QN接VCO_B的第一耦合管PMc1b的栅端。The first voltage output terminal IP of VCO_B is connected to the gate terminal of the first coupling transistor PMc1a of VCO_A, the second voltage output terminal IN of VCO_B is connected to the gate terminal of the second coupling transistor PMc2a of VCO_A, and the first voltage output terminal QP of VCO_A is connected to VCO_B The gate terminal of the second coupling transistor PMc2b of VCO_A, the second voltage output terminal QN of VCO_A is connected to the gate terminal of the first coupling transistor PMc1b of VCO_B.

此外,二极管连接的NM4的漏端与栅端相连,接电流源,源端接地,栅端经过低通RC滤波器LPF,与VCO_A中的尾电流管NM3a和VCO_B中的尾电流管NM3b的栅端相连。In addition, the drain terminal of the diode-connected NM4 is connected to the gate terminal, connected to the current source, and the source terminal is grounded. The gate terminal passes through the low-pass RC filter LPF, and is connected to the gate of the tail current transistor NM3a in VCO_A and the tail current transistor NM3b in VCO_B. end connected.

本领域技术人员可以理解,MOS管的极性可以根据附图3~4所示的结构来确定;同时,也可以根据相应MOS管的标记来确定,即以N开头的即为NMOS管,例如,第三开关管NM1和第四开关管NM2均为NMOS管;以P开头的即为PMOS管,例如,第一开关管PM1、第二开关管PM2均为PMOS管。Those skilled in the art can understand that the polarity of the MOS transistors can be determined according to the structures shown in Figures 3 to 4; at the same time, it can also be determined according to the marks of the corresponding MOS transistors, that is, those starting with N are NMOS transistors, for example , the third switching tube NM1 and the fourth switching tube NM2 are both NMOS tubes; those starting with P are PMOS tubes, for example, the first switching tube PM1 and the second switching tube PM2 are both PMOS tubes.

本发明实施例的上述方案,相对于现有技术主要具有如下优点:The above solution of the embodiment of the present invention mainly has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

1)正交压控振荡器的振荡单元采用上P下N交叉耦合互补结构,这样的互补结构实现了电流复用,在跨导一定的情况下只需要更小的电流,可以有效地降低电路的功耗。1) The oscillation unit of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator adopts an upper P lower N cross-coupled complementary structure. Such a complementary structure realizes current multiplexing, and only needs a smaller current under the condition of a certain transconductance, which can effectively reduce the circuit power consumption.

2)低相位噪声由以下三点实现:QVCO采用PMOS串联耦合的方式,耦合管与开关管接成Cascode结构,有效降低了耦合管的噪声贡献;为获得相同的跨导,PMOS的尺寸要大于NMOS,选用PMOS作为耦合管而不是NMOS,有效降低了耦合管的1/f噪声;在电流镜中,NM4相比尾电流管的尺寸较小,加入RC低通滤波器可以滤除部分NM4和外加电源的噪声。同时,相位误差仅仅是耦合强度的弱函数,相位误差和相位噪声性能可以同时得到优化。2) Low phase noise is achieved by the following three points: QVCO adopts the PMOS series coupling method, and the coupling tube and the switching tube are connected into a Cascode structure, which effectively reduces the noise contribution of the coupling tube; in order to obtain the same transconductance, the size of the PMOS should be larger than NMOS, PMOS is used as the coupling tube instead of NMOS, which effectively reduces the 1/f noise of the coupling tube; in the current mirror, NM4 is smaller in size than the tail current tube, adding an RC low-pass filter can filter out part of NM4 and Noise from the external power supply. At the same time, the phase error is only a weak function of the coupling strength, and the phase error and phase noise performance can be optimized simultaneously.

3)采用分布式的变容管结构,采用两组变容管对,分别由偏置电压VB1和VB2控制其线性范围,可以扩大控制电压的线性范围,提高QVCO增益的线性度。3) A distributed varactor structure is adopted, and two sets of varactor pairs are used, and their linear ranges are respectively controlled by bias voltages VB1 and VB2, which can expand the linear range of the control voltage and improve the linearity of the QVCO gain.

另一方面,为了对本发明进行验证,本实施方式提出的QVCO在130nm CMOS工艺下进行了仿真,在1.5V的电源电压下,QVCO消耗950uA的电流,中心频率为2.4GHz,在1MHz频偏处的相位噪声为-123.9dBc/Hz,最大的相位误差为0.7度。我们常用品质因子FOM来表征振荡器的性能,根据FOM的公式如下:On the other hand, in order to verify the present invention, the QVCO proposed in this embodiment is simulated under the 130nm CMOS process. Under the power supply voltage of 1.5V, the QVCO consumes 950uA current, the center frequency is 2.4GHz, and at 1MHz frequency offset The phase noise is -123.9dBc/Hz, and the maximum phase error is 0.7 degrees. We often use the quality factor FOM to characterize the performance of the oscillator, according to the formula of FOM as follows:

其中,f0表示中心频率,Δf表示频偏,P表示功耗,PN(Δf)表示频偏处的相位噪声;Among them, f 0 represents the center frequency, Δf represents the frequency deviation, P represents the power consumption, and PN(Δf) represents the phase noise at the frequency deviation;

得到QVCO的FOM高达191.4,表面该发明在低功耗和低相位噪声具有突出的优势。附图5为QVCO的瞬态波形的仿真结果,附图6为QVCO的相位噪声的仿真结果,附图7为QVCO的相位误差的仿真结果。The FOM of the QVCO is obtained as high as 191.4, which shows that the invention has outstanding advantages in low power consumption and low phase noise. Accompanying drawing 5 is the simulation result of the transient waveform of QVCO, accompanying drawing 6 is the simulation result of QVCO phase noise, and accompanying drawing 7 is the simulation result of QVCO phase error.

以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise, it is characterised in that including:Two have phase Isostructural voltage controlled oscillator VCO, the metal-oxide-semiconductor NM4 and low pass R/C filters LPF of diode connection;
Wherein, every VCO includes:LC resonant networks and LC Resonance Neural Networks that inductance is constituted with distributed varactor structure circuit The series coupled that N complementary negative resistance differential pair tube and the negative resistance differential pair tube complementary with N under upper P are connected under the connected upper P of network Pipe and tail current pipe;
Series coupled pipe in two VCO is connected;Metal-oxide-semiconductor NM4, the low pass R/C filters LPF and two VCO of diode connection In tail current pipe be sequentially connected composition current mirror.
2. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 1, its feature It is that the LC resonant networks that the inductance is constituted with distributed varactor structure circuit include:
Distributed varactor structure circuit includes:First electric capacity C1, the second electric capacity C2, the 3rd electric capacity C3, the 4th electric capacity C4, first Resistance R1, second resistance R2,3rd resistor R3, the 4th resistance R4, the first varactor Cv1, the second varactor Cv2, the 3rd transfiguration Pipe Cv3 and the 4th varactor Cv4;Wherein:
The one termination first voltage output end of the first electric capacity C1, the other end is connected with first resistor R1 and the first varactor Cv1;The The one termination second voltage output end of two electric capacity C2, the other end is connected with second resistance R2 and the second varactor Cv2;3rd electric capacity The one termination first voltage output end of C3, the other end is connected with 3rd resistor R3 and the 3rd varactor Cv3;The one of 4th electric capacity C4 Termination second voltage output end, the other end is connected with the 4th resistance R4 and the 4th varactor Cv4;The other end of first resistor R1 with The other end of second resistance R2 is connected, and meets the first bias voltage VB1;The other end of 3rd resistor R3 is another with the 4th resistance R4's End is connected, and meets the second bias voltage VB2;The other end of four varactor Cv1~Cv4 is connected together, and connects control voltage Vcont;
The two ends of inductance L connect the first voltage output end of VCO and second voltage output end respectively, so as to distributed varactor knot The LC resonant networks of structure circuit composition.
3. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 1, its feature It is that N complementary negative resistance differential pair tube includes under the upper P:First switch pipe PM1, second switch pipe PM2, the 3rd switching tube NM1 and the 4th switching tube NM2;Wherein:
The drain terminal of first switch pipe PM1 is connected with the drain terminal of the 3rd switching tube NM1, used as the first voltage output end of VCO;Second The drain terminal of switching tube PM2 is connected with the drain terminal of the 4th switching tube NM2, used as the second voltage output end of VCO;
The grid end of first switch pipe PM1 is all connected with second voltage output end, second switch pipe with the grid end of the 3rd switching tube NM1 The grid end of PM2 is connected first voltage output end with the grid end of the 4th switching tube NM2;
N complementary negative resistance differential pair tube is equivalent to negative resistance under upper P, after being connected with LC resonant networks, energy is carried out to LC resonant networks Amount compensation.
4. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 3, its feature It is that series coupled pipe includes:First coupling pipe PMc1 couples pipe PMc2 with second;Wherein:
First coupling pipe PMc1 couples the common source termination power of pipe PMc2 with second, and the drain terminal of the first coupling pipe PMc1 connects first and opens The source of pipe PM1 is closed, the drain terminal of the second coupling pipe PMc2 connects the source of second switch pipe PM2.
5. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 3, its feature It is that the tail current pipe is NM3, its drain terminal is connected with the 3rd switching tube NM1 with the common source end of the 4th switching tube NM2, source Ground connection, for VCO provides direct current biasing.
6. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 1, its feature It is that the series coupled pipe in described two VCO is connected and includes:
Two VCO are designated as VCO_A and VCO_B respectively, and series coupled pipe therein is PMOS;
VCO_A includes first voltage output node QP and second voltage output node QN, and the series coupled pipe in VCO_A includes the One coupling pipe PMc1a couples pipe PMc2a, the first coupling pipe PMc1a with second and the common source termination electricity of pipe PMc2a is coupled with second Source;VCO_B includes that first voltage output node IP includes first with the series coupled pipe of second voltage output node IN, VCO_B Coupling pipe PMc1b couples pipe PMc2b, the first coupling pipe PMc1b with second and the common source termination power of pipe PMc2b is coupled with second;
The first voltage output end IP of VCO_B connects the grid end of the first coupling pipe PMc1a of VCO_A, the second voltage output of VCO_B End IN connects the grid end of the second coupling pipe PMc2a of VCO_A, and the first voltage output end QP of VCO_A connects the second coupling pipe of VCO_B The grid end of PMc2b, the second voltage output end QN of VCO_A connects the grid end of the first coupling pipe PMc1b of VCO_B.
7. a kind of orthogonal LC voltage controlled oscillator of low-power consumption low phase noise according to claim 6, its feature It is that the tail current pipe in metal-oxide-semiconductor NM4, the low pass R/C filters LPF and two VCO of diode connection is sequentially connected composition Current mirror includes:
The drain terminal of the NM4 of diode connection is connected with grid end, connects current source, and source is grounded, and grid end is by low pass R/C filters LPF, the grid end with the tail current pipe NM3b in tail current pipe NM3a and VCO_B in VCO_A is connected.
CN201611103626.0A 2016-12-05 2016-12-05 Orthogonal inductance-capacitance voltage-controlled oscillator with low power consumption and low phase noise Pending CN106712719A (en)

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