CN106953598B - Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on second harmonic cross injection locking technology - Google Patents

Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on second harmonic cross injection locking technology Download PDF

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CN106953598B
CN106953598B CN201710156028.8A CN201710156028A CN106953598B CN 106953598 B CN106953598 B CN 106953598B CN 201710156028 A CN201710156028 A CN 201710156028A CN 106953598 B CN106953598 B CN 106953598B
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controlled oscillator
harmonic
voltage
oscillator circuit
injection
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CN106953598A (en
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高海军
孙玲玲
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B27/00Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/20Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator
    • H03B5/24Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/006Functional aspects of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0078Functional aspects of oscillators generating or using signals in quadrature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technology; the device comprises two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits, two second harmonic injection structure circuits, two 1/4 wavelength transmission lines at the second harmonic and a tail current tube; the two voltage-controlled oscillators generate oscillation signals and respectively output second harmonic currents at the center tap of the resonant inductor; the two currents respectively pass through a 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the second harmonic so as to generate a second harmonic voltage at a center tap; the two second harmonic voltages are respectively injected into corresponding differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillators in a crossing way through a harmonic injection structure; the invention realizes the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on the second harmonic cross injection locking by utilizing the harmonic cross coupling injection technology and the injection locking frequency division characteristic of the oscillator, and can be used for generating the quadrature local oscillation signals of a wireless transceiver system.

Description

Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on second harmonic cross injection locking technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microelectronics, in particular to a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technology.
Background
The radio transceiver system is classified into a transmitting system that transmits radio waves and a receiving system that receives radio waves. Among them, a transmission system for receiving radio waves is composed of Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), mixer, oscillator, power Amplifier (PA) and other modules; the receiving system is composed of low noise amplifier (Low Noise Amplifier, LNA), mixer, oscillator, low pass filter, analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and other modules, and the whole block diagram of the wireless receiving and transmitting system is shown in figure 1. In a transceiver system with a low intermediate frequency and zero intermediate frequency structure, a quadrature local oscillator signal is indispensable.
There are various methods for generating quadrature local oscillator signals such as a differential oscillator and polyphase Filter (Poly-phase Filter) combination, VCO and divide-by-two divider combination, coupled oscillator, etc. The polyphase filter in the combination of the differential oscillator and the polyphase filter can introduce extra loss and phase error, the VCO and the divide-by-two divider combination require the oscillation frequency of the VCO to be twice the required local oscillation frequency, and the design difficulty of the circuit can be greatly increased. Thus, the most widespread approach today is to use coupled oscillators to generate the quadrature local oscillator signals. Fig. 2 shows that two identical differential oscillators are coupled in opposite phases to generate quadrature signals, fig. 3 shows that the two identical differential output signals of the two identical oscillators are combined with a nonlinear device to generate a frequency doubling signal, and then the generation of the quadrature local oscillation signals is realized through an injection locking technology. However, both the above methods have technical defects that noise introduced by the coupling tube deteriorates the phase noise of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the power consumption of the coupling tube causes the overall power consumption of the oscillator to increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on the second harmonic cross injection locking technology is developed by combining scientific research practical requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technology comprises two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits, two second harmonic injection structure circuits, 1/4 wavelength transmission lines at two second harmonics and a tail current tube; each differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit comprises two NMOS tubes, an inductance with a center tap, two varactors, two MIM capacitors and two resistors, one end of the inductance is used as a positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the other end of the inductance is used as an opposite phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, one ends of the two resistors are connected with each other and are used as bias voltage input ends of the varactors of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, one ends of the two varactors are connected with each other and are used as control voltage input ends of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, and sources of the two NMOS tubes are connected with each other and are grounded; the second harmonic injection structure comprises a coupling capacitor, a bias resistor and an injection tube; the drain electrode of the injection tube is connected with the positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the source electrode of the injection tube is connected with the negative phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with the tail current tube, the tail current tube is used for providing bias current, and the inductance of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with the second harmonic injection structure.
Further, the two NMOS transistors of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit are a first NMOS transistor and a second NMOS transistor, the two varactors are a first varactor and a second varactor, the two MIM capacitors are a first capacitor and a second capacitor, the two resistors are a first resistor and a second resistor, and the drain electrode of the first NMOS transistor, the gate electrode of the second NMOS transistor, one end of the first MIM capacitor and one end of the inductor are connected to serve as a positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; the drain electrode of the second NMOS tube, the grid electrode of the first NMOS tube and one end of the second MIM capacitor are connected with the other end of the inductor and serve as an inverting output end of the differential capacitor inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; the other end of the first capacitor, one end of the first resistor and one end of the first varactor are connected; the other end of the second capacitor, one end of the second resistor and one end of the second varactor are connected.
Further, the second harmonic injection structure circuit comprises a coupling capacitor, a bias resistor and an injection tube; one end of the coupling capacitor is used as a signal injection end; the other end of the coupling capacitor is connected with one end of the bias resistor and the grid electrode of the injection tube; the other end of the bias resistor is a bias voltage input end.
Further, the two second harmonic injection structure circuits and the two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits cross connect the signal injection ends of the two second harmonic injection structure circuits to the center tap of the inductance of the other differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit.
Further, a center tap of an inductor of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with one end of a 1/4 wavelength transmission line at a second harmonic, and the other end of the 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the second harmonic is connected with a drain electrode of a tail current tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention realizes the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on the second harmonic cross injection locking by utilizing the harmonic cross coupling injection technology and the injection locking frequency division characteristic of the oscillator. The introduced injection pipe does not generate power consumption in a direct current state, and meanwhile, noise of the injection pipe is common mode noise for the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator, so that good inhibition can be realized. Therefore, the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, no influence of the coupling circuit on the performance of the fundamental wave signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator, such as phase noise, power consumption and the like, and is very suitable for generating high-performance quadrature local oscillation signals.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless transceiver system;
FIG. 2 is a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator architecture based on fundamental anti-phase coupling;
FIG. 3 is a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator architecture based on fundamental nonlinear coupling;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technique in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
A quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technology comprises two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits, two second harmonic injection structure circuits, 1/4 wavelength transmission lines at two second harmonics and a tail current tube. The two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits, the two second harmonic injection structure circuits and the 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the two second harmonics are respectively named as a first differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and a second differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, wherein the first second harmonic injection structure circuit and the second harmonic injection structure circuit, the 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the first second harmonic and the 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the second harmonic. Each differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit comprises two NMOS tubes, an inductance with a center tap, two varactors, two MIM capacitors and two resistors.
As shown in fig. 4, the first differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit includes a first NMOS transistor MN1, a second NMOS transistor MN2, a first inductance L1, a first varactor Cvar1, a second varactor Cvar2, a first MIM capacitor C1, a second MIM capacitor C2, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The drain electrode of the first NMOS tube MN1, the grid electrode of the second NMOS tube MN2, the drain electrode of the first injection tube MN3, one end of the first MIM capacitor C1 and one end of the first inductor L1 are connected and serve as a forward output end Vout_I of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator I path. The drain electrode of the second NMOS tube MN2, the grid electrode of the first NMOS tube MN1, the source electrode of the first injection tube MN3, one end of the second MIM capacitor C2 and the other end of the first inductor L1 are connected to serve as an I-path inverting output end Vout_IB of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator. The other end of the first capacitor C1, one end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the first varactor Cvar1 are connected; the other end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the second resistor R2, and one end of the second varactor Cvar2 are connected. The other end of the first resistor R1 and the other end of the second resistor R2 are connected with a bias voltage input end Vbias of a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator varactor. The other end of the first varactor Cvar1 and the other end of the second varactor Cvar2 are connected with a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator varactor control voltage input end Vtune. The source of the first NMOS transistor MN1 is connected with the source of the second NMOS transistor MN2 and is grounded.
The second differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit comprises a third NMOS tube MN3, a fourth NMOS tube MN4, a second inductance L2, a third varactor Cvar3, a fourth varactor Cvar4, a third MIM capacitor C3, a fourth MIM capacitor C4, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4. The drain electrode of the fourth NMOS tube MN4, the grid electrode of the fifth NMOS tube MN5, the drain electrode of the second injection tube MN6, one end of the fourth MIM capacitor C4 and one end of the second inductor L2 are connected and serve as a forward output end Vout_Q of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator Q circuit. The drain electrode of the fifth NMOS tube MN5, the grid electrode of the fourth NMOS tube MN4, the source electrode of the second injection tube MN6, one end of the fifth MIM capacitor C5 and the other end of the second inductor L2 are connected and serve as the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator Q-circuit reverse-phase output end Vout_QB. The other end of the fourth capacitor C4, one end of the fourth resistor R4 and one end of the third varactor Cvar3 are connected; the other end of the fifth capacitor C5, one end of the fifth resistor 54 and one end of the fourth varactor Cvar4 are connected. The other end of the fourth resistor R4 and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 are connected with a bias voltage input end Vbias of a varactor of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator. The other end of the third varactor tube Cvar3 and the other end of the fourth varactor tube Cvar4 are connected with a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator varactor control voltage input end Vtune. The source of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4 is connected with the source of the fifth NMOS transistor MN5 and is grounded.
The first second harmonic injection structure circuit comprises a first injection tube MN3, a third resistor R3 and a third capacitor C3; the second harmonic injection structure circuit includes a second injection tube MN6, a sixth resistor R6, and a sixth capacitor C6. The gate of the first injection pipe MN3, one end of the third resistor R3 and one end of the third capacitor C3 are connected, and the gate of the second injection pipe MN6, one end of the sixth resistor R6 and one end of the sixth capacitor C6 are connected. The other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the sixth resistor R6 and serves as the bias voltage input terminal vbias_n of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator injection tube. One end of a 1/4 wavelength transmission line T1 at a center tap of the first inductor L1 and a first second harmonic is connected with one end of a sixth capacitor C6; one end of a 1/4 wavelength transmission line T2 at a center tap of the second inductor L2 and a second harmonic is connected with one end of a third capacitor C3; the other end of the 1/4 wavelength transmission line T1 at the first second harmonic is connected with the other end of the 1/4 wavelength transmission line T2 at the second harmonic and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube MP 1; the grid electrode of the PMOS tube MP1 is connected with a bias voltage input end Vbias_P of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, the source electrode of the PMOS tube MP1 is connected with VDD, and the PMOS tube is a tail current tube.
The tail current tube MP1 is used for providing bias current, and the current magnitude is determined by the width-to-length ratio of MP1 and bias voltage Vbias_P. The two voltage-controlled oscillators generate oscillation signals and output second harmonic currents at center taps of the resonant inductors L1 and L2, respectively, which pass through 1/4 wavelength transmission lines at the second harmonics to generate second harmonic voltages v_2f0 and vb_2f0 at the center taps of the two resonant inductors L1 and L2, respectively. The two second harmonic voltages are isolated by the capacitors C3 and C6 and are respectively injected into the gates of the MN3 and the MN6 after the capacitors R3 and R6 are biased. The first differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the first injection tube MN3, the second differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and the second injection tube MN6 form two injection locking frequency divider circuits; and then, by combining a second harmonic cross injection structure circuit, the phase difference between the second harmonic voltages at the center taps of the resonant inductors L1 and L2 is promoted to be 180 degrees. According to the phase relation between the fundamental wave of the oscillator and the second harmonic, the phase difference between the fundamental waves of the two oscillators is 90 degrees, so that the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on the second harmonic injection locking is realized.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on the second harmonic cross injection locking technology is characterized by comprising two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits, two second harmonic injection structure circuits, 1/4 wavelength transmission lines at two second harmonic positions and a tail current tube; each differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit comprises two NMOS tubes, an inductance with a center tap, two varactors, two MIM capacitors and two resistors, one end of the inductance is used as a positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the other end of the inductance is used as an opposite phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, one ends of the two resistors are connected with each other and are used as bias voltage input ends of the varactors of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, one ends of the two varactors are connected with each other and are used as control voltage input ends of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, and sources of the two NMOS tubes are connected with each other and are grounded; the second harmonic injection structure comprises a coupling capacitor, a bias resistor and an injection tube; the drain electrode of the injection tube is connected with the positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the source electrode of the injection tube is connected with the negative phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with the tail current tube, the tail current tube is used for providing bias current, and the inductance of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with the second harmonic injection structure.
2. A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two NMOS tubes of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit are a first NMOS tube and a second NMOS tube, the two varactors are a first varactor and a second varactor, the two MIM capacitors are a first capacitor and a second capacitor, the two resistors are a first resistor and a second resistor, and the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube, the grid electrode of the second NMOS tube, one end of the first MIM capacitor and one end of the inductor are connected to serve as a positive phase output end of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; the drain electrode of the second NMOS tube, the grid electrode of the first NMOS tube and one end of the second MIM capacitor are connected with the other end of the inductor and serve as an inverting output end of the differential capacitor inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; the other end of the first capacitor, one end of the first resistor and one end of the first varactor are connected; the other end of the second capacitor, one end of the second resistor and one end of the second varactor are connected.
3. A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second harmonic injection structure circuit comprises a coupling capacitor, a bias resistor and an injection tube; one end of the coupling capacitor as a signal injection terminal; the other end of the coupling capacitor is connected with one end of the bias resistor the grid electrode of the injection pipe is connected; the other end of the bias resistor is a bias voltage input end.
4. A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two second harmonic injection structure circuits and the two differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuits are used for connecting the signal injection ends of the two second harmonic injection structure circuits to the center tap of the inductance of the other differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit in a cross mode.
5. A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit based on a second harmonic cross injection locking technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the center tap of the inductor of the differential capacitance inductance voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is connected with one end of a 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the second harmonic, and the other end of the 1/4 wavelength transmission line at the second harmonic is connected with the drain electrode of the tail current tube.
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CN109525198B (en) * 2018-12-15 2024-04-23 华南理工大学 Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit with phase shift
CN109818578B (en) * 2019-01-25 2021-05-14 电子科技大学 Second harmonic cross injection quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator circuit based on band-pass filter
CN110138339A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-16 清华大学深圳研究生院 A kind of voltage controlled oscillator of low cost
CN112165326A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-01 北京博瑞微电子科技有限公司 LC type voltage-controlled oscillator of miniaturized integrated resonance filter inductance
CN117713692B (en) * 2023-12-28 2024-10-11 香港中文大学(深圳) Sixteen-phase rotary traveling wave oscillator and expansion system thereof

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