CN102351580A - Method for preparing black fungus nutrient solution by utilizing food processing residues - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing black fungus nutrient solution by utilizing food processing residues. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out liquid culture and solid fermentation based on carrot residue as a main raw material for solid fermentation of black fungus and black fungus as a starting strain so as to obtain a large amount of fermented black fungus mycoplasm; then digesting fermented mycoplasm with a hot water digestion method so as to obtain extract rich in black fungus polysaccharide and amino acid, and preparing the extract into a concentrated liquid, wherein when the content of a soluble solid state material in the concentrated liquid is 6%, the content of polysaccharide can reach 3.3%, and the content of amino acid can reach 1150.596mg/100mL; and finally, blending the concentrated liquid into a nutrient solution which is good in palatability. By application of the method, the food processing residues can be sufficiently utilized, natural resources can also protected, the problem that the wild black fungus resources are significantly in lack is relieved, and the black fungus nutrient solution can partially substitute for black fungus sporocarp for application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Edible Fungi and manufacture field, more specifically relate to a kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium.
Background technology
Black fungus (Auricularia auricula) is under the jurisdiction of Mycophyta, Basidiomycetes, Auriculariale, Auriculariaceae, Auricularia, is famous dietotherapeutic fungi,, be a kind of macro fungi, form by mycelium and sporophore.Functions such as that its main active ingredient Auricularia polycose has is antitumor, antithrombotic, anti-ageing, hypoglycemic, reducing blood-fat, adjusting immunity.Mycelium is the vegetative organ of black fungus, is equivalent to root, stem, the leaf of high green plants, is the main body of black fungus.The sporophore of black fungus is claimed basidioma again, is that we cook edible part.
Put down in writing black fungus in the Compendium of Material Medica: property is flat, and it is sweet to distinguish the flavor of; Polishing hemostasis, puckery intestines are invigorated blood circulation.In recent years, Chinese scholars has been done comparatively deep research to the pharmacological action of black fungus, and black fungus sporophore and extract thereof also have effects such as antitumor, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory reducing blood-fat be hypoglycemic except having pharmacological action traditionally.Because wild black fungus is more and more rare, and the export trade demand is big.Study with a large amount of artificial fermentation's mycelium at present and on producing, use, but the liquid fermenting power consumption is high, the products therefrom activeconstituents is low, defectives such as easy pollution.
In the product application facet; Have " fat-reducing food with black fungus and working method " that nationality keeps tie etc. (CN1864541) and Zhang Cong etc. " preparation method of Blackfungus beverage and products thereof " (CN101317681); They all set forth the black fungus product processing technique, and the product of processing is used on reducing blood-fat and the nourishing function.
At present have at black fungus liquid fermenting field technical that raw materials cost is high, fermented hypha output and mycelia Crude polysaccharides content is lower, problem such as extraction and application effectively not on tunning.At present, Shang Weijian utilizes the food-processing residuum, processes the report of black fungus nutritive medium through black fungus solid state fermentation culture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium.This method is utilized the food-processing residuum, prepares the black fungus nutritive medium through solid state fermentation, and fermentation raw material is easy to get, cost is low, and solid state fermentation gained functional component is higher, is of high nutritive value.
A kind of method of utilizing carrot pomace food-processing residuums such as (residuum of Radix Dauci Sativae after squeezing the juice) to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention.In the last few years, the development of Radix Dauci Sativae juice secondary industry was very fast, but had also produced a large amount of wastes simultaneously, usually, after Radix Dauci Sativae is squeezed the juice, can produce the waste residue about 40%, gave and produced and the environment deleterious impact.Method of the present invention has been utilized industrial wood waste preferably, is starting strain with the black fungus bacterial, carries out liquid culture, solid state fermentation, obtains a large amount of black fungus Zymocytes; Then Zymocyte is obtained to be rich in the extracting solution (containing polysaccharide, polypeptide etc.) of black fungus with the hot water extraction, and process concentrated solution; At last this concentrated solution is deployed into the good nutritive medium of palatability.
Technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows:
The present invention includes following steps:
(1) liquid culture: with the black fungus bacterial is starting strain, through the inclined-plane, one-level shakes a bottle enlarged culturing and obtain shaking a bottle one-level kind;
(2) solid state fermentation: with the carrot pomace is the main raw material of black fungus solid-state fermentation culture medium, and a bottle one-level kind is shaken in inoculation, obtains the black fungus Zymocyte;
(3) the black fungus Zymocyte obtains to be rich in Auricularia polycose and amino acid whose extracting solution with the hot water extraction, and processes concentrated solution; At last this concentrated solution is deployed into nutritive medium.
Wherein one-level described in the step (1) is shaken being formulated as of one-level shake-flask culture base in bottle enlarged culturing: Radix Dauci Sativae juice 30～100 g/L, glucose 5～30 g/L, KH
2PO
41～5 g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.5～1 g/L, the pH nature; Culture condition is: 80～200rpm cultivates 5～7d, 24～28 ℃ of temperature.
The fermention medium that adopts in the said solid state fermentation of step (2), its raw material are formed by weight comprising: carrot pomace 70～90%, wheat bran 10～30%; Being prepared as of fermention medium: carrot pomace and wheat bran are stirred, add water, make the water content of culture material reach 60～65%.
The said inoculation of step (2) is to shake the inoculum size inoculation of bottle one-level kind with 3～12% (volumes), and the culture condition of solid state fermentation is: 24～28 ℃, to cultivate 15～25 days, and mycelia can be covered with bottle, and original hase to be grown obtains the black fungus Zymocyte.
The step of the said hot water extraction of step (3) comprises:
(1) the black fungus Zymocyte is taken out from bottle, add the water of 3～10 times of volumes, 85～100 ℃ are extracted 0.5～1h, after press filtration, obtain extracting solution A and filter residue A;
(2) add the water of 2～5 times of weight among the filter residue A, be heated to 85～100 ℃ and extract 0.5～1h, get extracting solution B and filter residue B through press filtration;
(3) united extraction liquid A and B; Regulate pH to 6.0～7.0; Adding is equivalent to the α～amylase of extracting solution A+B total amount 0.05%～0.1% (W/V) and heats to 55～60 ℃; Keep 20～30 min; Regulate pH to 4.0～4.5 immediately, add again be equivalent to extracting solution A+B total amount 0.05%～0.1% (W/V) saccharifying enzyme till solution adds the constant basket of iodine liquid; Treat that temperature reduces to 45 ℃～50 ℃; Add the polygalacturonase that is equivalent to solution 0.03%～0.05% (W/V) again and keep 20～30 min; Make solution be warming up to 85～90 ℃ then; Enzyme goes out; Keep 10～15 min; Get extracting solution through filter press, promptly said Auricularia polycose and the amino acid whose extracting solution of being rich in.Employing is regulated above-mentioned pH according to lactic acid or Hydrocerol A.
Being prepared as of step (3) said concentrated solution: at 50～70 ℃, vacuum concentration to soluble solid content is 6～20% (W/V) under 0.05～0.095Mpa condition with extracting solution, gets concentrated solution.
The allotment of the said nutritive medium of step (3) comprises: concentrated solution boiled, and subsequent use behind the centrifugal removal insoluble substance wherein; By weight adding concentrated solution 5～10%, white sugar 5～10%, Hydrocerol A 0.1～0.2%, honey 0.5～1%, adding distil water allotment, nutritive medium bottling while hot, locking closure, sterilization that allotment is good.
Above-mentioned W/V representes that the quality of feed liquid and volume ratio are solid-liquid ratio, can represent kg/L or g/ml.
A kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention, process stabilizing is reliable, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.Raw material is fully utilized, and fermentative production obtains a large amount of products, and soluble solid is 6% o'clock, and polysaccharide content can reach 3.3 ﹪, and aminoacids content can reach 1150.59mg/100mL.
With black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention, carry out amino acid and detect, it is as a result shown in the table 1.Total amino acid content is 1150.59mg/100mL; Wherein 8 kinds of indispensable amino acids such as Methionin, phenylalanine, first sulphur (egg) propylhomoserin, Threonine, Isoleucine, leucine, Xie Ansuan and Histidine amount to 504.79 mg/100mL, and essential amino acids content is near half of total amino acid content.
The amino acid of table 1 black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention detects table
The present invention can obtain a large amount of required products through the method for solid state fermentation, utilizes food can obtain to be rich in Auricularia polycose and amino acid whose concentrated solution with enzyme auxiliary heat water extraction method, is mixed with nutritive medium.The application of this technology has made full use of the food-processing residuum, can also protect the problem of natural resource, the present wild black fungus resource famine of alleviation, and part replaces the black fungus sporophore to use.
Embodiment
A kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1. the liquid fermenting of black fungus:
1.1 with black fungus with potato culture (PDA substratum) activate, rejuvenation, put 24～28 ℃ of static cultivations of thermostat container 10～15 days, obtain production inclined-plane kind, put refrigerator and cooled and hide subsequent use; The prescription of described PDA substratum is (g/L): peeling potato 200, glucose 20, agar 20, add water be settled to volume required, pH nature;
1.2 production inclined-plane kind is carried out enlarged culturing with the shake-flask culture base, obtains producing and shake a bottle one-level kind; The prescription of described shake-flask culture base is (g/L): Radix Dauci Sativae juice 30～100 g/L, glucose 5～30 g/L, KH
2PO
41～5 g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.5～1 g/L, the pH nature; Culture condition is: with 60～120mL/250mL loading amount, insert 1cm
2Slant strains, rotary shaking table 80～200rpm cultivates 5～10d, 24～28 ℃ of temperature;
The solid state fermentation of 2 black fungus:
2.1 fermentative medium formula: carrot pomace: wheat bran (W/W)=9:1～7:3; The water content of said carrot pomace is about 10%～14%, adds water to water content in the substratum and is about 60～65%.
2.2 the spice bottling: carrot pomace and wheat bran are fully mixed evenly, and every kilogram of siccative adds 1.0～1.2 kilograms in water, and the water content of culture material is reached about 60～65%.Bottled bottling to the shoulder (2/3), in the center tie a tapered hole material, sealing.
2.3 disinfection inoculation: 121 ℃ of autoclavings, 30min～40min, to be cooled, the inoculum size inoculation of bottle one-level kind with 3～12% (V/V) shaken in production.Place 24～28 ℃, cultivated about 15～25 days, mycelia can be covered with bottle, and original hase to be grown gets Zymocyte.
The preparation of 3 concentrated solutions:
3.1 Zymocyte is taken out from bottle, adds three to the long-pending water of decaploid.85～100 ℃ are extracted 1h, behind filter press, obtain extracting solution A and are rich in the filter residue A of mycelia;
3.2 with the water of 2～5 times of weight of filter residue A adding, be heated to 85～100 ℃ and extract 0.5～1h, get extracting solution B and filter residue B through filter press;
3.3 united extraction liquid A and B; Regulate pH to 6.0～7.0; Adding is equivalent to the α～amylase of extracting solution 0.05%～0.1% (W/V) and heats to 55～60 ℃; Keep 20～30 min; Regulate pH to 4.0～4.5 immediately, add again and be equivalent to vat liquor 0.05%～0.1% saccharifying enzyme till solution adds the constant basket of iodine liquid.Treat that temperature reduces to 45 ℃～50 ℃, add the polygalacturonase that is equivalent to solution 0.03%～0.05% (W/V) again and keep 20～30 min that make solution be warming up to 85～90 ℃ again, the enzyme that goes out is kept 10～15 min, gets extracting solution C through filter press; Enzyme is gentle to substrate-function, and food can be clarified and macromolecular substance is hydrolyzed into small-molecule substance with enzyme concentrated solution, and the small molecules nutritive substance absorbs for organism more easily.
Above-mentioned two place's pH regulator can adopt lactic acid or Hydrocerol A.
3.4 extracting solution C is in 50～70 ℃, it is 6～20% that 0.05～0.095MPa cryogenic vacuum is concentrated into soluble solid, gets concentrated solution.Adopt the cryogenic vacuum concentration technique to keep nutritive substance better, reduced destruction nutritive substance.
4. the modulation of nutritive medium:
4.1 said concentrated solution is boiled; Behind the centrifugal removal insoluble substance wherein; Add white sugar 5～10% by weight (W/W); Hydrocerol A 0.1～0.2%; Honey 0.5～1%, surplus are distilled water, allotment; Nutritive medium (75～85 ℃) bottling while hot that allotment is good, locking closure, sterilization are through be product after the assay was approved, and the formula of water dip sterilization is: 5 '～10 '/100 ℃.
For fully disclosing a kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium of the present invention, illustrate below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium may further comprise the steps:
1. the liquid fermenting of black fungus:
1.1 with black fungus with potato culture (PDA substratum) activate, rejuvenation, put the static cultivation of (28 ± 1) ℃ thermostat container 15 days, obtain production inclined-plane kind, put refrigerator and cooled then and hide subsequent use;
1.2 production inclined-plane kind is carried out enlarged culturing with the shake-flask culture base, obtains producing and shake a bottle one-level kind; The prescription of described shake-flask culture base is (g/L): Radix Dauci Sativae juice 60, glucose 20, KH
2PO
41, MgSO
47H
2O 0.5, add water be settled to volume required, pH nature; Its culture condition is: with the 160mL/500mL loading amount, insert about 1cm
2Slant strains, rotary shaking table 140rpm cultivates 8d, temperature (28 ± 1) ℃;
1.3 the solid-state fermentation culture medium of black fungus: carrot pomace 450g, wheat bran 50g, water.
1.4 the spice bottling: carrot pomace and wheat bran are fully mixed evenly, add water, and every kilogram of siccative adds 1.0～1.2 kilograms in water, and the water content of culture material is reached about 60～65%.Bottled bottling to the shoulder (2/3), in the center tie a tapered hole material, sealing.
1.5 disinfection inoculation: 121 ℃ of autoclavings, 30min～40min, to be cooled, bottle one-level kind is shaken in production inoculate with 3～12% inoculum size.Place 24～28 ℃, cultivated about 15～25 days, mycelia can be covered with bottle, gets Zymocyte.
The preparation of 2 concentrated solutions:
2.1 fermented product is taken out from bottle, add the long-pending pure water of triploid, 90 ℃ are extracted 1h, behind filter press, obtain extracting solution A and are rich in the filter residue A of mycelia;
2.2 with the water of 3 times of weight of filter residue A adding, be heated to 90 ℃ and extract 0.5h, get extracting solution B and filter residue B through filter press.
2.3 united extraction liquid A and B; Regulate pH to 6.5 with lactic acid, add the α～amylase that is equivalent to vat liquor 0.05% (W/V) and heat, keep 20 min to 60 ℃; Regulate pH to 4.5 with lactic acid immediately, add again and be equivalent to vat liquor 0.05% saccharifying enzyme till solution adds the constant basket of iodine liquid.Treat that temperature reduces to 50 ℃, add the polygalacturonase that is equivalent to solution 0.03%～0.05% (W/V) again and keep 20min that make solution be warming up to 85 ℃ again, the enzyme that goes out is kept 15 min, gets extracting solution C through filter press;
2.4 extracting solution C is in 60 ℃, it is 6% that 0.05～0.095MPa cryogenic vacuum is concentrated into soluble solid, gets concentrated solution; Soluble solid is 6% o'clock, and polysaccharide content can reach 3.3 ﹪, and aminoacids content can reach 1150.59mg/100mL.
3. the preparation of nutritive medium
Said concentrated solution is boiled, behind the centrifugal removal insoluble substance wherein, add white sugar 5% by weight (W/W); Hydrocerol A 0.1%, honey 0.5%, allotment; Nutritive medium (75～85 ℃) bottling while hot, locking closure, sterilization (10 '/100 ℃) that allotment is good are product through after the assay was approved.The products obtained therefrom sweet and sour taste contains abundant polysaccharide, amino acid and mineral element etc.
Claims (8)
1. method of utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) liquid culture: with the black fungus bacterial is starting strain, through the inclined-plane, one-level shakes a bottle enlarged culturing and obtain shaking a bottle one-level kind;
(2) solid state fermentation: with the carrot pomace is the main raw material of black fungus solid-state fermentation culture medium, and a bottle one-level kind is shaken in inoculation, obtains the black fungus Zymocyte;
(3) the black fungus Zymocyte obtains to be rich in Auricularia polycose and amino acid whose extracting solution with the hot water extraction, and processes concentrated solution; At last this concentrated solution is deployed into nutritive medium.
2. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: one-level described in the step (1) is shaken being formulated as of one-level shake-flask culture base in bottle enlarged culturing: Radix Dauci Sativae juice 30～100 g/L, glucose 5～30 g/L, KH
2PO
41～5 g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.5～1 g/L, the pH nature; Culture condition is: 80～200rpm cultivates 5～7d, 24～28 ℃ of temperature.
3. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the fermention medium that adopts in the said solid state fermentation of step (2); Its raw material is formed by weight comprising: carrot pomace 70～90%, wheat bran 10～30%; Being prepared as of fermention medium: carrot pomace and wheat bran are stirred, add water, make the water content of culture material reach 60～65%.
4. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said inoculation of step (2) is to shake the inoculum size inoculation of bottle one-level kind with 3～12% (volumes); The culture condition of solid state fermentation is: 24～28 ℃; Cultivated 15～25 days; Mycelia can be covered with bottle; Original hase to be grown obtains the black fungus Zymocyte.
5. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of the said hot water extraction of step (3) comprises:
(1) the black fungus Zymocyte is taken out from bottle, add the water of 3～10 times of volumes, 85～100 ℃ are extracted 0.5～1h, after press filtration, obtain extracting solution A and filter residue A;
(2) add the water of 2～5 times of weight among the filter residue A, be heated to 85～100 ℃ and extract 0.5～1h, get extracting solution B and filter residue B through press filtration;
(3) united extraction liquid A and B; Regulate pH to 6.0～7.0; Adding is equivalent to the α～amylase of extracting solution A+B total amount 0.05%～0.1% (W/V) and heats to 55～60 ℃; Keep 20～30 min; Regulate pH to 4.0～4.5 immediately, add again be equivalent to extracting solution A+B total amount 0.05%～0.1% (W/V) saccharifying enzyme till solution adds the constant basket of iodine liquid; Treat that temperature reduces to 45 ℃～50 ℃; Add the polygalacturonase that is equivalent to solution 0.03%～0.05% (W/V) again and keep 20～30 min; Make solution be warming up to 85～90 ℃ then; Enzyme goes out; Keep 10～15 min; Get extracting solution through filter press, promptly said Auricularia polycose and the amino acid whose extracting solution of being rich in.
6. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 5 is characterized in that: adopt according to lactic acid or lemon acid for adjusting pH.
7. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: being prepared as of step (3) said concentrated solution: with extracting solution at 50～70 ℃; 0.05 vacuum concentration to soluble solid content is 6～20% (W/V) under～0.095Mpa condition, gets concentrated solution.
8. the method for utilizing the food-processing residuum to prepare the black fungus nutritive medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the allotment of the said nutritive medium of step (3) comprises: concentrated solution is boiled, and subsequent use behind the centrifugal removal insoluble substance wherein; By weight adding concentrated solution 5～10%, white sugar 5～10%, Hydrocerol A 0.1～0.2%, honey 0.5～1%, adding distil water allotment, nutritive medium bottling while hot, locking closure, sterilization that allotment is good.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105418291A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-23 | 广西扬桂生物科技有限公司 | Edible fungus culture medium |
| CN108314504A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-07-24 | 林少佳 | A kind of nutrient liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108440066A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-24 | 林少佳 | A kind of active amino acid nutrient liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108640730A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-12 | 林少佳 | A kind of ammino acid liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110089733A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-06 | 徐州工业职业技术学院 | A method of black fungus nutrient solution is prepared using food processing residues |
| CN112971118A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-18 | 陕西三八妇乐特医食品有限公司 | Preparation method of black fungus fermented nutritional product |
| US20210236569A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2021-08-05 | Kairos Biomedical, Inc. | Bioactive fungal compounds produced by solid-state fermentation |
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| CN1450161A (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2003-10-22 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for cultivating nostoc commune |
| CN1596585A (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2005-03-23 | 敖宗华 | Large scale liquid deep fermentation for producing brilliant bacterial mycellium powder and its polysaccbaride technology |
| CN101606468A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2009-12-23 | 宁波大学 | A kind of simple and easy cultural method and culture apparatus of Nostoc commune |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1450161A (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2003-10-22 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for cultivating nostoc commune |
| CN1596585A (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2005-03-23 | 敖宗华 | Large scale liquid deep fermentation for producing brilliant bacterial mycellium powder and its polysaccbaride technology |
| CN101606468A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2009-12-23 | 宁波大学 | A kind of simple and easy cultural method and culture apparatus of Nostoc commune |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105418291A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-23 | 广西扬桂生物科技有限公司 | Edible fungus culture medium |
| US20210236569A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2021-08-05 | Kairos Biomedical, Inc. | Bioactive fungal compounds produced by solid-state fermentation |
| CN108314504A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-07-24 | 林少佳 | A kind of nutrient liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108440066A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-24 | 林少佳 | A kind of active amino acid nutrient liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108640730A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-12 | 林少佳 | A kind of ammino acid liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110089733A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-06 | 徐州工业职业技术学院 | A method of black fungus nutrient solution is prepared using food processing residues |
| CN112971118A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-18 | 陕西三八妇乐特医食品有限公司 | Preparation method of black fungus fermented nutritional product |
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