CN102338385B - Garbage gasification furnace with detection device - Google Patents

Garbage gasification furnace with detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102338385B
CN102338385B CN201010234327.7A CN201010234327A CN102338385B CN 102338385 B CN102338385 B CN 102338385B CN 201010234327 A CN201010234327 A CN 201010234327A CN 102338385 B CN102338385 B CN 102338385B
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housing
diffuser
sand
air
thermocouple
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CN201010234327.7A
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CN102338385A (en
Inventor
何承发
张长乐
李大明
李群峰
汪克春
刘钢
杨长青
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Anhui Conch Construction Materials Design Institute Co Ltd
Anhui Conch Kawasaki Engineering Co Ltd
Anhui Tongling Conch Cement Co Ltd
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Anhui Conch Construction Materials Design Institute Co Ltd
Anhui Conch Kawasaki Engineering Co Ltd
Anhui Tongling Conch Cement Co Ltd
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Publication of CN102338385A publication Critical patent/CN102338385A/en
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage incineration, in particular to a garbage gasification furnace with a detection device, which comprises a barrel-shaped housing, wherein the upper side of the housing is provided with a material input and a smoke outlet, the lower side of the housing is provided with a slag discharge opening, the middle or the lower part of the housing is filled with fluidified sand, an air diffusing tube passes into the inner side from the outer side of the housing, and is then buried in the fluidified sand, the air inlet end of the air dispersing tube, which is positioned at the outer side of the housing, is connected with an air heating furnace, the tube body of the air diffusing tube, which is positioned at the inner side of the housing, is provided with air dispersing holes, the air heating furnace and the air diffusing tube are matched so that the fluidified sand is in a static and deposited state or boiled and fluidified state, and the housing is provided with a temperature detection device and/or pressure detection device. In the invention, garbage pre-treatment can be easily carried out, and the garbage incineration and gasification are carried out, so that the garbage can prevented from being fusty and dispersed, the slag discharge and transmission workload after the garbage incineration and gasification is reduced, combustible gas sources are provided for other incineration furnaces or cement kilns, and the post-treatment of the garbage incineration is facilitated.

Description

Refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear
Technical field
The invention belongs to garbage incineration technology field, be specifically related to a kind of refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear.
Background technology
From the application of China's conventional garbage incineration technology, mainly have the problem of the following aspects: in China's house refuse, main component is without crossing class rubbish more than the kitchen of sorting, because class rubbish stench more than kitchen is serious, the difficulty of sorting is larger again simultaneously; And the seasonal amplitude of variation of refuse thermal value water content large and rubbish is higher.
Because house refuse is mainly class rubbish more than kitchen, and the high heating value rubbish such as plastics, waste paper are less, still the calorific value of state's house refuse is lower, be difficult to adapt to from the higher incinerator of the operating temperature of external introduction, and work smoothly in order to guarantee that incinerator can be stablized, therefore need in incinerator, add more fuel, cause the waste of fuel; And although the incinerator kind that China researchs and develops is voluntarily more, and wherein also there is the suitable burning disposal of part type China rubbish, but its incineration temperature is lower, as most incinerators can only reach the incineration temperature of 600~800 ℃, because the incineration firing in this temperature section will produce a large amount of dioxin and furans, gas combustion is simultaneously incomplete, contains a large amount of organic matters in incineration flue gas, and the pollution therefore atmospheric environment being caused is comparatively serious.
Simultaneously also just because of the calorific value of China's house refuse is lower, and in rubbish, non-combustible composition may affect cement quality, so China's house refuse can not put into cement kiln and directly burn, and has seriously hindered the recycling of rubbish.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear, its simple in structure and processing China house refuse that is suitable for burning.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme: a kind of refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear, the housing that comprises tubular, the upside of housing is arranged with material input port and exhanst gas outlet, the downside of housing is provided with slag-drip opening, the middle and lower part of housing is filled with fluidisation sand, diffuser penetrates the inner side of housing and is embedded in fluidisation sand from the outside of housing, described housing is long tubular, and housing is divided into the two sections that interconnect, the shape of cross section of lower piece housing is circular, the shape of cross section of upper casing is semicircle or arc, the circular outside face of described lower piece housing and upper casing is positioned on same periphery, the side of lower piece housing and upper casing intersection is provided with boss, described material input port is arranged on boss place, exhanst gas outlet is arranged on the top of upper casing, fluidisation sand and diffuser are all arranged in lower piece housing, the top of the position of described boss layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state higher than fluidisation sand, the inlet end that described diffuser is positioned at hull outside is connected with hot-blast stove, diffuser is positioned on the pipe shaft inside housing and is provided with air dispelling hole, hot-blast stove coordinate with diffuser make fluidisation sand in static sedimentation state or boiling fluidized state, on described housing, be provided with temperature-detecting device and/or pressure-detecting device.
Technique effect of the present invention is: based on China's house refuse, do not carrying out degree of depth sorting, calorific value not high in the situation that, adopt the fluidisation sand ebullition, gasification rubbish in gasifying furnace device, because the temperature that gasification rubbish needs is more much lower than the operating temperature of existing incinerator, therefore the present invention can relatively easily carry out rubbish pretreatment, burn and the rubbish that gasifies, prevented the stench diffusion of rubbish, deslagging, the workload of mucking haulage of burning after gasification rubbish have been reduced, also for other incinerators or cement kiln provide flammable source of the gas, be conducive to the subsequent treatment of waste incineration; On housing due to refuse gasification boiler, be provided with temperature-detecting device and/or pressure-detecting device simultaneously, therefore contribute to operating personnel to make and understand accurately and judge the operation conditions of refuse gasification boiler, be conducive to guarantee that refuse gasification boiler moves with security and stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of arranging of diffuser.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of refuse gasification boiler, this refuse gasification boiler comprises the housing 10 of tubular, the upside of housing 10 is arranged with material input port 11 and exhanst gas outlet 12, the downside of housing 10 is provided with slag-drip opening 13, the middle and lower part of housing 10 is filled with fluidisation sand, diffuser 20 penetrates the inner side of housing 10 and is embedded in fluidisation sand from the outside of housing 10, the inlet end that diffuser 20 is positioned at hull outside is connected with hot-blast stove, diffuser 20 is positioned on the pipe shaft inside housing and is provided with air dispelling hole, hot-blast stove coordinate with diffuser 20 make fluidisation sand in static sedimentation state or boiling fluidized state, on described housing 10, be provided with temperature-detecting device and/or pressure-detecting device.
While starting working, hot-blast stove blasts the hot blast of 500 ℃ by diffuser 20 in housing 10, hot blast is discharged by the air dispelling hole on diffuser 20, the hot blast of discharging from air dispelling hole makes the fluidisation sand that is embedded in diffuser 20 upsides be converted into boiling fluidized state by original static sedimentation state, the temperature of fluidisation sand rises and fully mixes with the rubbish in the 11 input housings of material input port, the gasification of being ignited and burn away of rubbish instantaneous time, the flue gas with higher temperature that burning generates enters into upstream device from the exhanst gas outlet 12 of housing upside; When dropping into the smooth combustion of broken rubbish of housing 10 inner sides, hot-blast stove no longer continues to provide hot blast, and only need in housing 10, blast normal temperature air; The iron containing in rubbish divides, aluminium divides and the incombustible such as rubble is discharged together with fluidisation sand from the slag-drip opening 13 of housing 10 bottoms.
Fluidisation sand in the present invention is quartz sand, and described material input port 11 is also garbage inlet.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, described housing 10 is from being comprised of steel plate 101, refuge floor 102 and flame retardant coating 103 outside to inside, steel plate 101 plays carrying effect, and refuge floor 102 and flame retardant coating 103 are for withstand high temperatures, to keep the high temperature in gasification furnace and to prevent that housing 10 is burnt.Fire material and refractory material that refuge floor 102 and flame retardant coating 103 are selected can be with reference to prior aries.
For guaranteeing the safety and stability of gasifier operation; described housing 10 is provided with relief valve at exhanst gas outlet 12 places; when being mixed with explosive substance or causing the abnormal pressure in gasification furnace because of operate miss etc. in the rubbish dropping into, relief valve will automatically and rapidly discharge furnace pressure to reach effect of easing stress and protect gasification furnace injury-free to atmosphere.
As preferred version of the present invention, as Fig. 1, shown in 2, described housing 10 is long tubular, and housing 10 is divided into the two sections that interconnect, the shape of cross section of lower piece housing is circular, the shape of cross section of upper casing is semicircle or arc, the circular outside face of described lower piece housing and upper casing is positioned on same periphery, the side of lower piece housing and upper casing intersection is provided with boss 14, described material input port 11 is arranged on boss 14 places, exhanst gas outlet 12 is arranged on the top of upper casing, fluidisation sand and diffuser 20 are all arranged in lower piece housing, the top of the position of described boss 14 layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state higher than fluidisation sand.
The cross section of described lower piece housing is also perpendicular to the cross section of lower piece housing axis direction, because dividing, fluidisation sand is in static sedimentation state or boiling fluidized state, therefore the top of the layer of sand when boiling fluidized state of fluidisation sand will be higher than it layer of sand top during in static sedimentation state, the top of the position of boss 14 layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state higher than fluidisation sand, can guarantee the abundant mixing of fluidisation sand and rubbish and the smooth combustion gasification of rubbish.
As shown in Figure 2, described material input port 11 is the skewed axis towards lower piece housing downwards, and this setup makes the sewage in rubbish and rubbish can fall into the centre of gasification furnace, to prevent from forming near the inwall of gasification furnace, burns dead angle.
Making material input port 11 be downward-sloping shape has multiple implementation, such as upper casing and boss 14 are designed to Y shape, joins.
As preferred version of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the position that described lower piece housing is positioned at boss place downside is provided with to the recess 15 of housing 10 inner recess, the top of the least significant end of recess 15 layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state higher than fluidisation sand.
Further, described recess 15 along hypomere housing shaft to cross section be angle shape, the angle of angle β is 80~100 °.
The setting of recess 15 not only makes the garbage outlet of material input port 11 be set to the center towards gasification furnace, and because recess lower inclined plane 151 is upwards and tilts to upper casing, therefore recess 15 itself also plays the function of guiding flue gas flow direction upper casing, is conducive to the smooth discharge of flue gas.
Further, the side of described material input port 11 is provided with broken coal import 18, when the combustible deficiency in the rubbish in entering housing 10 causes incineration temperature to decline, by broken coal import 18 impouring broken coals, to help burning, make refuse gasification boiler keep stable duty.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, on described lower piece housing, be provided with sand feeding hole 16 and garbage leachate import 17, sand feeding hole 16 is arranged on the lateral surface of the housing relative with material input port 11 with garbage leachate import 17, and the position of sand feeding hole 16 and garbage leachate import 17 is all higher than the top of fluidisation sand layer of sand during fluidized state in boiling.
Sand feeding hole 16 can be for packing quartz sand into or supplement in time quartz sand when in-furnace sand amount reducing; Garbage leachate import 17 sprays into garbage leachate or percolate when gasification furnace is worked, so that garbage leachate at high temperature burns gasification, to realize the overall treatment to rubbish.For reduce to exert an influence to entering the rubbish of stove when throwing sand or spraying into sewage, therefore sand feeding hole 16 and garbage leachate import 17 are arranged on the lateral surface of the housing relative with material input port 11.
As shown in Figure 3, the both sides of described housing 10 are symmetrically arranged with to be provided with on 30, two air chests 30 of two air chests along the axis of lower piece housing and relatively stretch out and the diffuser 20 of arrangement interlaced with each other; Described diffuser 20 is along level to running through housing 10, and the axis of diffuser 20 is all parallel to each other and in same level, one end of diffuser 20 is connected with air chest 30, other end sealing.
Air dispelling hole on described diffuser 20 is along level to the both sides that are arranged in diffuser 20.
Diffuser 20 is provided with the pipe of a lot of air dispelling holes in two side, diffuser 20 levels are crossed housing 10, and housing 10 outsides are stretched out at the two ends of diffuser 20, two air chests 30 are arranged on respectively the both sides of housing 10, in each diffuser 20 same level being arranged in gasification furnace interlaced with each other being communicated with respectively with two air chests 30.High pressure positive blower by air chest 30 to diffuser 20 air feeds, wind spray into fluidisation sand inside in from air dispelling hole to gasification furnace so that fluidisation sand in boiling fluidized state.In order to make fluidisation sand in the gasification furnace state that reaches a high temperature, air chest 30 and be positioned on the pipe arrangement surface of diffuser 20 of the outer part of stove and all should implement Insulation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1~3, the present invention will be further described:
The housing 10 of this gasification furnace adopts steel design, and the bottom of housing 10 is taper, and middle part is cylindrical, and top is half-cylindrical, is divided into successively the empty cylinder 10a of portion, fluosolids 10b, mobile layer 10c from top to bottom.The described empty cylinder 10a of portion comprises the top of the fluidisation sand boiling range of upper casing and lower piece housing, and the inside of the empty cylinder 10a of portion is cavity, and the space that house refuse drops into and flue gas is upwards discharged is mainly provided; Fluosolids 10b, between diffuser 20 and fluidisation sand boiling range, mainly provides the space of the boiling of fluidisation sand and consumer waste incineration gasification; Mobile layer 10c is positioned at the below of diffuser 20, the lime-ash after the consumer waste incineration in this region and fluidisation sand under Action of Gravity Field gradually slag-drip opening 13 downwards move, finally by conveying equipment, discharge.
Temperature-detecting device in the present invention is thermometer, and pressure-detecting device is pressure gauge, and thermometer and pressure gauge are all arranged on the housing 10 of diffuser 20 upsides.
Further, described thermometer comprises a K thermocouple 31 and the 2nd K thermocouple 32, the one K thermocouple 31 and the 2nd K thermocouple 32 are all arranged on the housing 10 of the layer of sand overlay area of fluidisation sand when boiling fluidized state, also a K thermocouple 31 and the 2nd K thermocouple 32 are all arranged on the housing 10 in fluosolids 10b region, can make like this operating personnel understand exactly the temperature regime in fluosolids 10b.
The horizontal plane at the place, axis that aspect ratio diffuser 20 is set of a described K thermocouple 31 exceeds 200~300mm, and the horizontal plane at the place, axis that aspect ratio diffuser 20 is set of the 2nd K thermocouple 32 exceeds 600~700mm.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention adopts four point measurement methods to the temperature in fluosolids 10b, for the temperature of lower of fluosolids 10b, from the axis of diffuser 20, up 2 K thermocouples 31 measurements is set the position of 250mm; For the temperature of lower of fluosolids 10b, from the axis of diffuser 20, up 2 the 2nd K thermocouples 32 measurements are set the position of 650mm.If it is stable that the temperature in fluosolids 10b keeps, illustrate that the liquidation of sand and the gasification of rubbish are all in stable state.
Described thermometer also comprises and is arranged on shape of cross section for the 3rd K thermocouple 33 in semicircle or arc upper casing.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention adopts some mensurations to the temperature of the empty cylinder 10a of portion, at shape of cross section, 1 the 3rd K thermocouple 33 is set on for semicircle or arc upper casing.Because operating personnel can not observe directly, refuse gasification moves and the combustion position of the empty cylinder 10a of portion inside, and because the temperature in the empty cylinder 10a of portion almost equates with the temperature in fluosolids 10b, therefore by the 3rd K thermocouple 33, measure the temperature in the empty cylinder 10a of portion, and the temperature in the fluosolids 10b that the temperature in the empty cylinder 10a of portion obtaining is measured with a K thermocouple 31 and the 2nd K thermocouple 32 compares, just can obtain understanding comparatively accurately to the operation conditions of refuse gasification boiler.If temperature rise phenomenon appears in the empty cylinder 10a of portion inside, is likely to have drawn excessive air, now should adjust the air inflow of refuse gasification boiler.
Described pressure gauge comprises the first pressure gauge 41 and the second pressure gauge 42, the first described pressure gauge 41 is arranged on the housing 10 of the layer of sand overlay area of fluidisation sand when boiling fluidized state, and the second pressure gauge 42 is arranged on shape of cross section in semicircle or arc upper casing.
By the first pressure gauge 41, can detect the pressure condition of fluosolids 10b, whether the fluidisation that can confirm sand from this pressure is in normal condition; By the second pressure gauge 42, can detect the pressure condition of the empty cylinder 10a of portion, by the pressure reduction between fluosolids 10b and the empty cylinder 10a of portion, can confirm the floor height of fluosolids.Simultaneously in order to guarantee the stable operation of refuse gasification boiler and upstream device, during work, the pressure of the empty cylinder 10a of portion should be remained on-below 0.5kPa.
The present invention has overcome waste of low heating value and has been difficult to the difficulty of burning, sorting and rubbish do not have the problem of serious stench to have solved house refuse in China's garbage disposal cause, slag, flying dust and percolate have been dealt carefully with, simultaneously, also for other incinerators or cement kiln provide flammable source of the gas, environmental protection index meets national environmental standard.

Claims (9)

1. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear, the housing (10) that comprises tubular, the upside of housing (10) is arranged with material input port (11) and exhanst gas outlet (12), the downside of housing (10) is provided with slag-drip opening (13), the middle and lower part of housing (10) is filled with fluidisation sand, diffuser (20) penetrates the inner side of housing (10) and is embedded in fluidisation sand from the outside of housing (10), it is characterized in that: described housing (10) is long tubular, and housing (10) is divided into the two sections that interconnect, the shape of cross section of lower piece housing is circular, the shape of cross section of upper casing is semicircle or arc, the circular outside face of described lower piece housing and upper casing is positioned on same periphery, the side of lower piece housing and upper casing intersection is provided with boss (14), described material input port (11) is arranged on boss (14) and locates, exhanst gas outlet (12) is arranged on the top of upper casing, fluidisation sand and diffuser (20) are all arranged in lower piece housing, the top of the position of described boss (14) layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state higher than fluidisation sand, the inlet end that described diffuser (20) is positioned at hull outside is connected with hot-blast stove, diffuser (20) is positioned on the pipe shaft inside housing and is provided with air dispelling hole, hot-blast stove coordinate with diffuser (20) make fluidisation sand in static sedimentation state or boiling fluidized state, described housing is provided with temperature-detecting device and/or pressure-detecting device on (10).
2. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described housing (10) is from being comprised of steel plate (101), refuge floor (102) and flame retardant coating (103) outside to inside.
3. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described temperature-detecting device is thermometer, pressure-detecting device is pressure gauge, and thermometer and pressure gauge are all arranged on the housing (10) of diffuser (20) upside.
4. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the both sides of described housing (10) are symmetrically arranged with two air chests (30) along the axis of lower piece housing, on two air chests (30), be provided with and relatively stretch out and the diffuser (20) of arrangement interlaced with each other; Described diffuser (20) is along level to running through housing (10), and the axis of diffuser (20) is all parallel to each other and in same level, one end of diffuser (20) is connected with air chest (30), other end sealing.
5. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described thermometer comprises a K thermocouple (31) and the 2nd K thermocouple (32), a K thermocouple (31) and the 2nd K thermocouple (32) are all arranged on the housing (10) of the layer of sand overlay area of fluidisation sand when boiling fluidized state.
6. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described pressure gauge comprises the first pressure gauge (41) and the second pressure gauge (42), described the first pressure gauge (41) is arranged on the housing (10) of the layer of sand overlay area of fluidisation sand when boiling fluidized state, and the second pressure gauge (42) is arranged on shape of cross section in semicircle or arc upper casing.
7. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the air dispelling hole on described diffuser (20) is along level to the both sides that are arranged in diffuser (20).
8. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the horizontal plane at the place, axis that aspect ratio diffuser (20) is set of a described K thermocouple (31) exceeds 200~300mm, and the horizontal plane at the place, axis that aspect ratio diffuser (20) is set of the 2nd K thermocouple (32) exceeds 600~700mm.
9. the refuse gasification boiler with checkout gear according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described thermometer also comprises and is arranged on shape of cross section for the 3rd K thermocouple (33) in semicircle or arc upper casing.
CN201010234327.7A 2010-07-21 2010-07-21 Garbage gasification furnace with detection device Active CN102338385B (en)

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CN103383109B (en) * 2013-06-27 2017-02-08 句容市华联特种设备制造有限公司 Gasified and cracked peat combustion furnace
CN112919568A (en) * 2021-01-22 2021-06-08 江苏蓝创环保科技有限公司 Leachate treatment device and method

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JP2955943B2 (en) * 1990-02-22 1999-10-04 株式会社大川原製作所 Arrangement structure of diffuser pipe in fluidized incinerator
CN101696799A (en) * 2009-10-31 2010-04-21 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 Device for preventing circulating fluidized bed boiler from coking
CN101713543A (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-05-26 刘沪滨 Sludge incinerator with no auxiliary fuel
CN201795192U (en) * 2010-09-10 2011-04-13 开平力蒲卫浴有限公司 Combined dual-flow pipe for faucet

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JP4295291B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2009-07-15 三菱重工環境エンジニアリング株式会社 Fluidized bed gasifier and its fluidized bed monitoring and control method

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JP2955943B2 (en) * 1990-02-22 1999-10-04 株式会社大川原製作所 Arrangement structure of diffuser pipe in fluidized incinerator
CN101713543A (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-05-26 刘沪滨 Sludge incinerator with no auxiliary fuel
CN101696799A (en) * 2009-10-31 2010-04-21 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 Device for preventing circulating fluidized bed boiler from coking
CN201795192U (en) * 2010-09-10 2011-04-13 开平力蒲卫浴有限公司 Combined dual-flow pipe for faucet

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