CN102334489A - 一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 - Google Patents
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102334489A CN102334489A CN2011103390852A CN201110339085A CN102334489A CN 102334489 A CN102334489 A CN 102334489A CN 2011103390852 A CN2011103390852 A CN 2011103390852A CN 201110339085 A CN201110339085 A CN 201110339085A CN 102334489 A CN102334489 A CN 102334489A
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本发明涉及一种有效成分为氟虫腈与苯醚甲环唑混合悬浮种衣剂剂型及其制备方法，所述悬浮种衣剂以氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑复配作为有效成分，包含如下成分及含量：氟虫腈2.0％～20％，苯醚甲环唑1.0％～20％，润湿分散剂1.0％～8.0％，成膜剂1.0％～10.0％，着色剂1.0％～10.0％，增粘剂0.1％～2.0％，防腐剂0.1％～1.0％，消泡剂0.1％～1.0％，余量为蒸馏水。本发明所述的悬浮种衣剂成膜性好、包衣均匀、悬浮率高、安全低毒，药效好、持效长、工效高、经济安全，可以降低环境污染，提高农药利用率，降低农药使用量，适合于种子处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，具体的说是涉及一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。
背景技术
在现代农业生产中，种子药剂处理是防治地下害虫及农作物土传、种传病害经济简便的方法之一。
种子包衣技术是在传统的浸种或拌种技术基础上发展起来的一种应用很普遍的种子处理新技术。将干燥或湿润状态的种子，用含有粘结剂的农药或肥料等组合物所包，使在种子外形成具有一定功能和包覆强度的保护层，这一过程称为种子包衣，包在种子外边的组合物质称之为种衣剂，是一种用于作物或其它植物种子处理的、具有成膜特性的农药制剂。种衣剂最大优点是能在种子外面形成一层比较牢固的薄膜。种衣剂在土壤中吸水膨胀而不被溶解，允许种子正常发芽所需的水分和空气通过，所含的农药和种肥等物质缓慢释放。所以，种衣剂具有杀灭地下害虫、苗期害虫，防治苗期病害和系统性病害，提高种子发芽率、促进种苗健康生长，减少种子用量等功效，最终达到防病治虫、保苗壮苗、提高产量的目的。
目前国内推广使用的种衣剂品种繁多，但大都存在一些问题，如立克秀、适乐时、拌种双等功能单一，只有防病作用，且使用技术复杂，对作物不安全；申请号为98106559.7的中国专利公开了一种种衣剂，该种衣剂同时具有杀虫和杀菌的效果，但它的组合中一种仅能用于小麦和玉米的种子，另一种只能用于棉花种子，而无法同时作为多种作物种子的种衣剂，应用范围较窄。因此急需开发一种应用范围广的，适用于小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆、花生等多种作物的种衣剂。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明目的是提供一种应用范围广的，适用于小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆、花生等多种作物的杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，由氟虫腈、苯醚甲环唑、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
优选的，所述悬浮种衣剂各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
氟虫腈是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂，杀虫谱广，对害虫以胃毒作用为主，兼有触杀和一定的内吸作用，既能防治地下害虫，又能防治地上害虫。其作用机制在于阻碍昆虫γ-氨基丁酸控制的氯化物代谢，因此对蚜虫、叶蝉、飞虱、鳞翅目幼虫、蝇类和鞘翅目等重要害虫有很高的杀虫活性，对作物无药害，可用于水稻、玉米、棉花、香蕉、甜菜、马铃薯、花生等作物。与现有杀虫剂无交互抗性，对有机磷、有机氯、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯等有抗性的或敏感的害虫均有效。
苯醚甲环唑属于三唑类杀菌剂，具有预防、治疗和铲除三大功效，内吸性强，施药后能被植物迅速吸收，且耐雨水冲刷，药效持久，其持效期比同类杀菌剂长4～5天。苯醚甲环唑可抑制细胞壁甾醇的生物合成而干扰病菌的正常生长，对植物病原菌的孢子形成有强烈的抑制作用，可有效阻止子囊菌、担子菌、半知菌等真菌的生长，杀菌谱广，一次用药，可预防多种病害。主要用于防治各种作物炭疽病、叶斑病、白粉病、黑星病，如小麦颖枯病、全蚀病、叶枯病、锈病和由几种致病菌引起的霉病，马铃薯早疫病，花生叶斑病、网斑病，番茄早疫病，西瓜蔓枯病，辣椒炭疽病，大白菜黑斑病，香蕉叶斑病、炭疽病、白粉病，梨、苹果黑星病，苹果斑点落叶病，苹果、葡萄、草莓等作物的白粉病，葡萄炭疽病、黑痘病，柑橘疮痂病，甜菜褐斑病，山药、芹菜叶斑病，生姜、葱、蒜炭疽病等病害。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以氟虫腈与苯醚甲环唑复配作为有效成分，二者优势互补，可以扩大药剂的防病谱，广泛用于小麦、玉米、大豆、花生、棉花等作物的种子处理，既能防治病害又能防治虫害，同时提高药效，降低农药的使用量。更优选的，所述氟虫腈占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为4～14％，所述苯醚甲环唑占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为6～10％。
为了促进活性组分粒子间润湿分散防止其相互凝聚，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括润湿分散剂。按照本发明所述润湿分散剂可以为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。优选的，所述润湿分散剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为5～7％
为了保证有限的农药成分集中作用于种子和根部，不易脱落和飞散，减少了农药在环境中的扩散以及对非靶标的接触，所述悬浮种衣剂还需要包括成膜剂。所述成膜剂既要保证所成衣膜透气、透水性好，种子正常萌发生长，又要保证所成衣膜难溶于水，衣膜内活性成分能缓慢释放，持效时间长。按照本发明所述成膜剂优选为阿拉伯胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。优选的，所述成膜剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为5～7％。
着色剂又称警色剂，可以提高悬浮种衣剂的使用安全，其中，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。优选的，所述着色剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为1.5～2％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括增粘剂，以提高分散介质的粘度，降低粒子的沉降速度，从而提高制剂的稳定性。优选的，所述增黏剂为黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。优选的，所述增粘剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.2～1％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括消泡剂和防腐剂，所述消泡剂为机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种；所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。优选的，所述消泡剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.3～0.5％，所述防腐剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.3～0.5％。
为了提高种衣剂的低温储存的稳定性，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还可以添加防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百分比为1.0％～5.0％。优选的，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。优选的，所述防冻剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为2～4％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂的制备方法为：将氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑经过气流粉碎，润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、消泡剂与水完全溶解后，按比例投入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm，即得。
本发明所制备的悬浮种衣剂为浅黄色可流动的悬浮液，低温、热贮稳定性合格，热贮分解率小于5％，悬浮率大于90％，湿筛试验大于98％，通过45μm标准筛，颗粒细度D50为2～3μm。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑复配作为有效成分，具有成膜性好、包衣均匀、悬浮率高、安全低毒等优点，可广泛用于小麦、玉米、大豆、花生、棉花等作物的种子处理，防治上述所述作物的蝼蛄、蛴螬、金针虫、地老虎、小地老虎等地下害虫，蚜虫、蓟马等农业害虫以及上述各种作物叶斑病、白粉病、黑穗病，如小麦全蚀病、白粉病、锈病、黑穗病、散黑穗病、根腐病、纹枯病，玉米丝黑穗病、叶斑病、根腐病，花生、大豆叶斑病、网斑病、根腐病，棉花立枯病、猝倒病等病害。与氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑单剂比较，杀虫防病效果明显提高。同时还可以提高种子的发芽率，与不包衣比较，发芽率可提高8～10％。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂使用方便，处理种子时，既可以机械拌种，也可人工操作，可满足不同用户的需要。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的产品已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的产品进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本发明技术。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。按照本发明根据防治对象发生情况确定适宜的用量，通常施药量是种衣剂与种子的重量比为1∶50～100。
实施例1：10％氟·苯醚悬浮种衣剂(均为质量分数)
YUS-FS3000、YUS-TXC、PICO-NW1用蒸馏水完全溶解，然后依次加入经气流粉碎的氟虫腈、苯醚甲环唑有效成分，以及其他的助剂，进入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm即得。
实施例2：15％氟·苯醚悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3：20％氟·苯醚悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4：30％氟·苯醚悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例3。
实施例5：防效试验
试验于河南新乡一农户农田内进行，氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑复配，试验处理及施用量见表1，如处理4为氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑混配使用，供试种衣剂为氟虫腈和苯醚甲环唑复配的种衣剂，施用量为每100kg种子中含有氟虫腈原药15g、苯醚甲环唑8g。统计各处理防效，结果见表2。
表1试验处理及施药量
| 处理 | 供试药剂 | 施用量(原药/100kg种子) |
| 1 | 氟虫腈 | 20g |
| 2 | 苯醚甲环唑 | 18g |
| 3 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 10g+9g |
| 4 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 15g+12g |
| 5 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 15g+18g |
| 6 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 18g+15g |
| 7 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 18g+18g |
| 8 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 20g+15g |
| 9 | 氟虫腈+苯醚甲环唑 | 20g+18g |
| 10 | 清水 |
表2防治效果
| 处理 | 蝼蛄 | 蓟马 | 小麦散黑穗病 | 小麦纹枯病 |
| 1 | 80.5 | 81.6 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 79.8 | 80.3 |
| 3 | 78.6 | 79.5 | 80.2 | 80.6 |
| 4 | 81.2 | 82.9 | 81.5 | 82.2 |
| 5 | 82.3 | 83.1 | 88.3 | 88.9 |
| 6 | 85.5 | 86.6 | 86.5 | 87.2 |
| 7 | 86.2 | 87.3 | 88.6 | 88.5 |
| 8 | 87.3 | 87.9 | 87.2 | 87.5 |
| 9 | 88.2 | 89.5 | 89.4 | 90 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
由表2可知，本发明所述种衣剂中各有效成分在小于各单剂用量的前提下，防治范围或者药效高于各单剂。同时，从处理1和2的试验结果可知，这种增效结果不是由于所加入的另一活性成分直接作用于病害得到的，而是由于两种活性成分复配后互相作用，增强了彼此防治病害的效果。
实施例6：技术指标测定
取实施例1～4所制备的各悬浮种衣剂，检测其各项指标，结果见表3。
表3各悬浮种衣剂各项指标的检测结果
由表3结果可见，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂4个浓度各项指标均符合悬浮种衣剂的要求，产品性能稳定，受低温影响较小，且脱落率低。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，其特征在于，由氟虫腈、苯醚甲环唑、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
2.根据权利要求1所述种衣剂，其特征在于，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
3.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述润湿分散剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂为阿拉伯胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述增粘剂为黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述消泡剂为机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，还包括防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百为分比为1.0％～5.0％。
10.根据权利要求9所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。
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