CN102302020B - 一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 - Google Patents
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102302020B CN102302020B CN 201110297886 CN201110297886A CN102302020B CN 102302020 B CN102302020 B CN 102302020B CN 201110297886 CN201110297886 CN 201110297886 CN 201110297886 A CN201110297886 A CN 201110297886A CN 102302020 B CN102302020 B CN 102302020B
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈复配作为有效成分，具有成膜性好、包衣均匀、悬浮率高、安全低毒等优点，可广泛用于大豆、花生、棉花、水稻、西瓜、油菜、小麦、玉米等作物的种子处理。与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈单剂比较，杀虫防病效果明显提高。同时还可以提高种子的发芽率。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂使用方便，处理种子时，既可以机械拌种，也可人工操作，可满足不同生产群体的需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，具体的说是涉及一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。
背景技术
地下害虫是指危害期在土中生活的一类害虫，主要有蝼蛄、蛴螬、地老虎和金针虫等。这类害虫种类繁多，危害寄主广，危害小麦、玉米、高粱、棉花等作物。它们主要取食作物的种子、根、茎、块根、块茎、幼苗、嫩叶及生长点等，常常造成缺苗、断垄或使幼苗生长不良，对作物产量影响很大。在现代农业生产中，种子药剂处理是防治地下害虫及农作物土传、种传病害经济简便的方法之一。
种子包衣技术是在传统的浸种或拌种技术基础上发展起来的一种应用很普遍的种子处理新技术。将干燥或湿润状态的种子，用含有粘结剂的农药或肥料等组合物所包，使在种子外形成具有一定功能和包覆强度的保护层，这一过程称为种子包衣，包在种子外边的组合物质称之为种衣剂。种衣剂最大优点是能在种子外面形成一层比较牢固的薄膜。种衣剂在土壤中吸水膨胀而不被溶解，允许种子正常发芽所需的水分和空气通过，所含的农药和种肥等物质缓慢释放。所以，种衣剂具有杀灭地下害虫、苗期害虫，防治苗期病害和系统性病害，提高种子发芽率、促进种苗健康生长，减少种子用量等功效，最终达到防病治虫、保苗壮苗、提高产量的目的。
目前国内推广使用的种衣剂品种繁多，但大都存在一些问题，如立克秀、适乐时、拌种双等功能单一，只有防病作用，且使用技术复杂，对作物不安全；申请号为98106559.7的中国专利公开了一种种衣剂，该种衣剂同时具有杀虫和杀菌的效果，但它的组合中一种仅能用于小麦和玉米的种子，另一种只能用于棉花种子，而无法同时作为多种作物种子的种衣剂，应用范围较窄。因此急需开发一种应用范围广的，适用于小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆、花生等多种作物的种衣剂。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明目的是提供一种应用范围广的，适用于小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆、花生等多种作物的杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，由甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咯菌腈、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐，又称甲维盐，是从发酵产品阿维菌素B1开始合成的一种新型高效半合成抗生素杀虫剂，它具有超高效、低毒(制剂近无毒)、无残留、无公害等生物农药的特点。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对很多害虫具有其它农药无法比拟的活性，尤其对鳞翅目、双翅目、蓟马类超高效，如红带卷叶蛾、烟蚜夜蛾、棉铃虫、烟草天蛾、小菜蛾粘虫、甜菜夜蛾、旱地贪夜蛾、纷纹夜蛾、甘蓝银纹夜蛾、菜粉蝶、菜心螟、甘蓝横条螟、番茄天蛾、马铃薯甲虫、墨西哥瓢虫等。与阿维菌素相比，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐杀虫活性提高了1-3个数量级，对鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫和其它许多害虫及螨类的活性极高，既有胃毒作用又兼触杀作用，在非常低的剂量(0.084～2g/ha)下具有很好的效果，而且在防治害虫的过程中对益虫没有伤害，有利于对害虫的综合防治。同时扩大了杀虫谱，降低了对人畜的毒性。
咯菌腈为新型吡咯类非内吸式广谱触杀性杀菌剂，可防治大部分种子带菌及土壤传染的真菌病害，在土壤中稳定，在种子及幼苗根际形成保护区，防止病菌入侵，持效期长。咯菌腈结构新型，不易与其它杀菌剂发生交互抗性，主要用于小麦、大麦、玉米、豌豆、油菜、水稻、观赏作物、硬果、蔬菜、葡萄和草坪等作物中防治种传和土传病菌如链格孢属、壳二孢属、曲霉属、镰孢菌属、长蠕孢属、丝核菌属及青霉属菌等引起的病害。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈复配作为有效成分，二者优势互补，可以扩大药剂的防病谱，广泛用于小麦、玉米、大豆、花生、棉花等作物的种子处理，既能防治病害又能防治虫害，同时提高药效，降低农药的使用量。本发明按照孙云沛(Sun Y-P)法，计算共毒系数评价甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与咯菌腈嗪混用效果，结果显示共毒系数均大于100，表明二者的混合使用具有明显增效作用。
为了促进活性组分粒子间润湿分散防止其相互凝聚，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括润湿分散剂。按照本发明所述润湿分散剂可以为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。
为了保证有限的农药成分集中作用于种子和根部，不易脱落和飞散，减少了农药在环境中的扩散以及对非靶标的接触，所述悬浮种衣剂还需要包括成膜剂。所述成膜剂既要保证所成衣膜透气、透水性好，种子正常萌发生长，又要保证所成衣膜难溶于水，衣膜内活性成分能缓慢释放，持效时间长。按照本发明所述成膜剂优选为阿拉伯胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。
着色剂又称警色剂，可以提高悬浮种衣剂的使用安全，其中，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括增粘剂，以提高分散介质的粘度，降低粒子的沉降速度，从而提高制剂的稳定性。优选的，所述增黏剂为黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括消泡剂和防腐剂，所述消泡剂为有机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种；所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述悬浮种衣剂各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
为了提高种衣剂的低温储存的稳定性，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还可以添加防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百分比为1.0％～5.0％。优选的，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂的制备方法为：将甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈经过气流粉碎，润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、消泡剂与水完全溶解后，按比例投入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm，即得。
本发明所制备的悬浮种衣剂为乳白色可流动的悬浮液，低温、热贮稳定性合格，热贮分解率小于5％，悬浮率大于90％，湿筛试验大于98％，通过45μm标准筛，颗粒细度D50为2～3μm。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈复配作为有效成分，具有成膜性好、包衣均匀、悬浮率高、安全低毒等优点，可广泛用于大豆、花生、棉花、水稻、西瓜、油菜、小麦、玉米等作物的种子处理，防治上述所述作物的蝼蛄、蛴螬、金针虫、地老虎、小地老虎等地下害虫，蚜虫、蓟马等农业害虫以及上述各种作物茎腐病、根腐病、立枯病、恶苗病、猝倒病、枯萎病、菌核病、黑穗病、散黑穗病、丝黑穗病等病害。与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈单剂比较，杀虫防病效果明显提高。同时还可以提高种子的发芽率，与不包衣比较，发芽率可提高6～9％。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂使用方便，处理种子时，既可以机械拌种，也可人工操作，可满足不同生产群体的需要。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的产品已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的产品进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本发明技术。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。按照本发明根据防治对象发生情况确定适宜的用量，通常施药量是种衣剂与种子的重量比为1∶50～100。
实施例1：防效试验
试验于河南郑州一农户农田内进行，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈复配，试验处理及施用量见表1，如处理3为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈混配使用，供试种衣剂为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和咯菌腈复配的种衣剂，施用量为每100kg种子中含有甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐原药50g、咯菌腈100g。统计各处理防效，结果见表2。
表1试验处理及施药量
| 处理 | 供试药剂 | 施用量(原药/100kg种子) |
| 1 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 | 50g |
| 2 | 咯菌腈 | 100g |
| 3 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 20g+50g |
| 4 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 30g+50g |
| 5 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 30g+100g |
| 6 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 40g+80g |
| 7 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 40g+100g |
| 8 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 50g+100g |
| 9 | 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐+咯菌腈 | 50g+50g |
| 10 | 清水 |
表2防治效果
| 处理 | 金针虫 | 小地老虎 | 蚜虫 | 立枯病 | 恶苗病 |
| 1 | 83.2 | 82.3 | 83.6 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 83.1 |
| 3 | 56.8 | 55.8 | 58.7 | 62.3 | 61.5 |
| 4 | 67.5 | 66.7 | 68.2 | 63 | 62 |
| 5 | 75.8 | 76.9 | 78.2 | 85 | 85.7 |
| 6 | 78.9 | 80.6 | 81.2 | 80.6 | 81 |
| 7 | 78.5 | 81 | 81.6 | 84.9 | 85 |
| 8 | 85 | 83.5 | 87.6 | 87 | 88.2 |
| 9 | 84 | 83 | 85 | 76 | 72.1 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
由表2可知，本发明所述种衣剂中各有效成分在小于各单剂用量的前提下，防治范围或者药效高于各单剂。同时，从处理1和2的试验结果可知，这种增效结果不是由于所加入的另一活性成分直接作用于病害得到的，而是由于两种活性成分复配后互相作用，增强了彼此防治的效果。
实施例2：4％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂
YUS-FS3000、YUS-TXC、PICO-NW1用蒸馏水完全溶解，然后依次加入经气流粉碎的甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咯菌腈有效成分，以及其他的助剂，进入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm即得到产品。
实施例3：8％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例2。
实施例4：12％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例2。
实施例5：16％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例2。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，其特征在于，由甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咯菌腈、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
2.根据权利要求1所述种衣剂，其特征在于，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
3.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述润湿分散剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素 及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂为阿拉伯胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述增粘剂为黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述消泡剂为有机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，还包括防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百分比为1.0％～5.0％。
10.根据权利要求9所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。
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