CN102326477B - Wheat field portable ditching machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A lightweight all-in-one machine for ditching, topdressing, topdressing, suppression and soil covering in wheat fields, the purpose of which is to complete the processes of ditching, topdressing, suppression and soil covering at one time, with high operating efficiency; ; The frame includes a front fork, a front fork handle, a slanting pole, a pull rod and an armrest, and the armrest is shaped like an I-shaped; the fertilizer topdressing device includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer box bracket, a fertilizer discharge component and a fertilizer delivery component; the fertilizer discharge component and the fertilizer delivery component are both There are two sets; the fertilizer discharge components include a fertilizer discharge shaft, a regulating valve, a blocking wheel, a fertilizer cleaning brush, a fertilizer dial and a compression spring; the fertilizer box bracket includes four beams, two longitudinal beams, two inclined arms and a The front beam; the suppression device includes an adjustment plate B, a suppression wheel and a suppression wheel handle; the midpoint of the adjustment plate B is welded on the front fork handle of the frame, and a suppression wheel is installed on the left and right sides of the adjustment plate B; the soil covering device includes adjustment Plate C and a rake, the rake is made up of a rake handle and rake tines.

Description

Wheat field portable ditching machine

technical field

The invention relates to an integrated machine for ditching, topdressing, suppressing and covering soil in a wheat field.

Background technique

Many studies have shown that reducing the proportion of nitrogen base fertilizer to 50% and increasing the proportion of topdressing fertilizer to 50% in wheat fields can not only increase yield, improve quality, improve economic benefits, but also reduce environmental risks. Research also shows that deep application of nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, reduce ammonia volatilization, loss with water and denitrification denitrification loss. Under the condition of deep nitrogen application of 10-15 cm, the rate of ammonia volatilization loss can be easily reduced To less than 10%, can significantly improve nitrogen use efficiency and wheat yield. In the 1980s and 1990s, wheat farmers in the Huanghuai wheat region used animal power to pull wheat seeders to carry out topdressing operations. However, with the reduction of animal power and the replacement of wheat seeders, this method of topdressing has no longer been used in production. Existence, replaced by "top application" topdressing method, resulting in ammonia volatilization loss of up to 50%. In 2007, Lou Zhanchun developed "a kind of wheat topdressing device". This machine requires supporting power, and the production cost is relatively high. There is still a certain distance from the purchasing power of farmers with scattered land management, and the operating cost of this machine is relatively high. It is not complementary to the economic benefits of output; with the continuous deepening and maturity of wheat topdressing agronomic technology research, nitrogen fertilizer deep topdressing has become an important agronomic technology for high wheat yield. However, in the process of topdressing many types of wheat topdressing machines developed in the past, when the soil moisture is relatively large or normal, in heavy sticky, medium sticky, light sticky and heavy loam soils, different sizes often appear after ditching. First, the soil is rubbish, resulting in a poor condition of "soil return (soil reflow joint)". After topdressing, the fertilizer is exposed to the bottom of the topdressing ditch, and the fertilizer often cannot be covered with soil. This situation often leads to: first, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer covering the soil is poor, which easily causes the volatilization of ammonia; second, the wind in spring loses moisture quickly, and these problems often result in low nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and poor moisture conservation effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a lightweight all-in-one machine for ditching, topdressing, suppression and soil covering in a wheat field that can complete the processes of ditching, topdressing, suppression and soil covering at one time, with high operating efficiency, low cost, and light manual traction.

The invention comprises a top dressing device, a pressing device, a soil covering device, a transmission device, a frame and a ground wheel; the pressing device and the soil covering device are two sets. The frame includes a front fork, a front fork handle, a slanting pole, a pull rod and an armrest. The handrail is shaped like an I-shape; At the end of the front fork and directly above the front fork, the front fork handle is respectively equipped with a suppressing device and a soil covering device from front to back.

The topdressing device includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer box support, a fertilizer discharge component and a fertilizer delivery component; the fertilizer discharge component and the fertilizer delivery component are two sets. The fertilizer discharge components include a fertilizer discharge shaft, a regulating valve, a blocking wheel, a fertilizer cleaning brush, a fertilizer dial wheel and a compression spring. The fertilizer discharge shaft, the fertilizer dial wheel, the fertilizer cleaning brush and the compression spring are all at the bottom of the fertilizer box, and the regulating valve and the blocking wheel are all on the outside side of the fertilizer box. Fertilizer delivery components include fertilizer transfer box, fertilizer guide hose, casing, fertilizer delivery pipe, regulating plate A and arrow shovel opener: the fertilizer transfer box is shaped like a funnel, the upper part is connected with the fertilizer tank, and the lower part is connected with the fertilizer guide hose The fertilizer guide hose is embedded in the fertilizer delivery pipe, the fertilizer delivery pipe is installed in the casing, the arrow shovel opener is connected with the fertilizer delivery pipe; the casing is welded with a fixing plate, and the casing and the fertilizer delivery pipe are installed On the adjustment plate A, the midpoint of the adjustment plate A is welded to the front fork, and there are multiple adjustment screw holes on the adjustment plate A; the fertilizer tank bracket includes four beams, two longitudinal beams, two oblique arms and a The front beam; the front beam is welded on the front end of the adjustment plate A. Four beams, two longitudinal beams, and two oblique arms are all on the upper end of the front fork. The four beams include three in the middle and one at the rear. The beam at the rear is welded to the inclined pole of the frame. The three beams in the middle form two zigzag shapes, and the two fertilizer transfer boxes are fixed to the two longitudinal beams. The front beam is positioned at the front end of the adjusting plate A, and is welded on the front fork in parallel with the adjusting plate A.

The suppressing device includes an adjusting plate B, a suppressing wheel and a suppressing wheel handle; the midpoint of the adjusting plate B is welded on the front fork handle of the frame, and a suppressing wheel is installed at both ends of the adjusting plate B; there are multiple The adjustment screw hole is used to adjust the position of the pressing wheel. The upper part of the pressing wheel handle is threaded. The pressing wheel handle passes through the adjusting screw hole on the adjusting plate B and can move up and down. The length of the adjusting plate B is the same as that of the adjusting plate A , the number of adjusting screw holes of the adjusting plate B and the adjusting screw holes of the adjusting plate A are the same and the positions are corresponding, which can also meet the requirements of three row spacing suppression.

The earth-covering device includes an adjusting plate C and a rake, and the rake is composed of a rake handle and rake teeth. The midpoint of the adjustment plate C is welded on the front fork handle of the frame, and a rake is installed at both ends of the adjustment plate C; the adjustment plate C is in the shape of a triangle, and there are multiple adjustment screw holes on it, which are used to adjust the position of the rake. The front end of the rake handle is welded with a fixed plate, which is connected with the adjustment plate C, and the rear end of the rake handle is welded with rake teeth; the length of the adjustment plate C is the same as that of the adjustment plate A and the adjustment plate B, and the screw hole on the adjustment plate C is the same The number of adjusting screw holes of the adjusting plate A is the same and the positions are corresponding, which can also meet the requirements of three row spacings for soil covering. The front, middle and rear of the arrow shovel opener, the pressing wheel and the rake handle are distributed on the same longitudinal line.

The transmission device includes a chain, a gear installed on the ground wheel, a gear on the fertilizer discharge shaft in the fertilizer discharge device, and two interlocking driving wheels and driven wheels. The ground wheel rolls on the ground to drive the gear on the ground wheel to rotate, and the chain drives the gear on the fertilizer discharge shaft and the connected fertilizer discharge shaft to rotate, and then drives the driving wheel and the driven wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the driven wheel makes the fertilizer discharge shaft connected to it rotate.

The invention has high operating efficiency, can complete the processes of ditching, topdressing, pressing and covering soil at one time, and can complete four rows of wheat topdressing operations at one time. Low operating cost and light human traction can effectively make up for the vacancy of topdressing equipment caused by the reduction of animal power or the replacement of wheat planters; effectively solve the problem of poor soil covering effect of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing equipment at present, and provide a topdressing fertilizer for effectively breaking through the traditional nitrogen fertilizer surface application method Machine tools; improve the efficiency of topdressing operations and reduce the cost of topdressing operations in wheat fields.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the suppression device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer transporting member of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer discharge component of the present invention.

Among the figure: 1, ground wheel, 2, gear A, 3, chain, 4, front fork, 5, front fork handle, 6, inclined pole, 7, handrail, 8, topdressing device support, 9, fertilizer box, 10 , Fertilizer discharge component, 11, fertilizer transfer box, 12, fertilizer delivery hose, 13, casing, 14, fertilizer delivery pipe, 15, arrow shovel opener, 16, fixed plate, 17, adjustment plate A, 18 , Adjusting screw hole, 19, Front beam, 20, Repression wheel, 21, Repression wheel handle, 22, Adjusting plate B, 23, Adjusting screw hole, 24, Adjusting plate C, 25, Adjusting screw hole, 26, Fixed plate, 27, rake handle, 28, rake tooth, 29, gear B, 30, driving wheel, 31, driven wheel, 32, bolt A, 33, bolt B, 34, nut, 35, bolt C, 36, bolt D, 37 , pull rod, 38, inclined vertical arm, 39, longitudinal beam, 40, rear beam, 41, fertilizer discharge shaft, 42, regulating valve, 43, blocking wheel, 44, fertilizer cleaning brush, 45, fertilizer pulling wheel, 46, compression spring .

Detailed ways

Frame comprises front fork 4, front fork handle 5, oblique upright rod 6, pull rod 37 and the handrail 7 of shape I-shaped; The front end of the front fork 4; the topdressing device is installed at the end of the front fork 4 and directly above it, the front fork handle 5 is respectively equipped with a suppression device and a soil covering device from front to back, and the middle point of the adjustment plate B 22 is welded on the front of the front fork handle 5 The left and right sides of the adjustment plate B22 are respectively equipped with a suppression wheel; the middle point of the adjustment plate C24 is welded to the rear portion of the front fork handle 5, and the left and right sides of the adjustment plate C24 are each equipped with a rake; the topdressing device includes fertilizer boxes 9, 8 fertilizer box brackets, 2 sets of fertilizer discharge components, and 2 sets of fertilizer transport components. The fertilizer discharge components (each set) include a fertilizer discharge shaft 41, a regulating valve 42, a blocking wheel 43, a fertilizer cleaning brush 44, a fertilizer dial 45, a compression spring 46 and a bolt D36. Wherein the fertilizer discharge shaft 41, the fertilizer wheel 45, the fertilizer cleaning brush 44, the compression spring 46 are at the bottom of the fertilizer box 9, and the regulating valve 42, the blocking wheel 43, and the bolt D36 are on the outside of the fertilizer box 9; the fertilizer delivery components include Fertilizer transfer box 10, fertilizer guide hose (plastic) 12, casing 13, fertilizer delivery pipe (iron pipe) 14, adjustment plate A 17 and arrow shovel opener 15: fertilizer transfer box 11 is shaped like a funnel, up It is connected with the bottom of the fertilizer tank 9 through the bolt C35, and the bottom is connected with the fertilizer guide hose 12. The fertilizer guide hose 12 is embedded in the fertilizer delivery tube 14, and the fertilizer delivery tube 14 is installed in the casing 13, and the arrow shovel type ditching The device 15 is fixedly connected with the fertilizer delivery pipe 14 through the bolt B33; the fixing plate 16 is welded on the sleeve 13, and the sleeve 13 and the fertilizer delivery pipe 14 are installed on the sleeve 13 and the fertilizer delivery pipe 14 through the bolt A32 (the bolt A32 respectively passes through the fixing plate 16 and the sleeve 13 , and then jam the fertilizer delivery pipe 14) on the adjustment plate A17, which is fixed on the front fork 4, and the adjustment plate A17 is equipped with a plurality of adjustment screw holes 18; the fertilizer box bracket 8 includes 4 beams and two longitudinal beams 39, two oblique vertical arms 38 and a front beam 19, the front beam 19 is welded on the adjusting plate A front end. 4 crossbeams, two longitudinal beams 39, and two oblique arms are all at the front fork upper ends, and the front ends of the two longitudinal beams 39 are welded to the upper ends of the two oblique arms 38, and the lower ends of the two oblique arms 38 are respectively connected to the front forks. The two ends of the beam 19 are welded, the four beams include three in the middle and one at the rear end, the rear beam 40 is welded to the inclined vertical pole 6 of the frame, two cross-beams formed by the middle three beams form two zigzags, and two fertilizer transfer boxes 11 is fixed with two longitudinal beams by bolt D36. Front beam 19 is positioned at the front end of adjusting plate A17, and is welded on the front fork 4 in parallel with adjusting plate A17; Adjusting plate A17 total length 50cm, each 25cm of front fork handle 5 both sides. There are multiple adjusting screw holes on the adjusting plate A, which can meet the needs of topdressing with different row spacings of 20cm, 18cm, and 14cm.

The suppression device includes an adjustment plate B22, a suppression wheel 20 and a suppression wheel handle 21; the midpoint of the adjustment plate B (flat iron) 22 is welded on the front fork handle 5 of the frame, the upper part of the suppression wheel handle 21 is threaded, and the suppression wheel handle 21 can move up and down through the adjusting screw hole 23 on the adjusting plate B22, and is fixed by the nut 34. The length of the adjusting plate B22 is the same as that of the adjusting plate A17 (both are 50cm), and the adjusting screw hole 23 of the adjusting plate B22 is the same as that of the adjusting plate The number of adjusting screw holes 18 of A17 is the same and the positions are corresponding, which can also meet the requirements of the above three kinds of line spacing suppression.

The earth-covering device includes an adjusting plate C24 and a rake, and the rake is made up of a rake handle 27 and rake teeth 28 . The midpoint of the adjustment plate C24 (triangular iron) is welded on the front fork handle 5 of the frame. The adjustment plate C24, that is, the upright side of the triangle iron, has multiple adjustment screw holes 25 (for adjusting the position of the rake), and the front end of the rake handle 27 is welded There is a fixed plate 26, and the fixed plate 26 and the adjusting plate C24 are connected by bolts, and the rear end of the rake handle 27 is welded with a plurality of rake teeth 28; the length of the adjusting plate C24 is the same as that of the adjusting plate A17 and the adjusting plate B22, and the The number of screw holes 25 and the adjustment screw holes 18 of the adjustment plate A17 are the same and the positions are corresponding, which can also meet the requirements of the above three row spacings for earth covering. Arrow shovel opener 15, pressing wheel 20 and rake handle 27 three front, middle and rear are distributed on the same longitudinal line.

The transmission device includes a chain 3, a gear A2 installed on the ground wheel, a gear B29 on the fertilizer discharge shaft in the fertilizer discharge device, and two interlocking driving wheels 30 and driven wheels 31 provided on the gear B29. The ground wheel 1 rolls on the ground The drive gear A2 rotates, and the chain 3 drives the gear B29 and the connected fertilizer shaft to rotate. The gear B29 rotates to drive the driving wheel 30 and the driven wheel 31 to rotate, and the driven wheel 31 rotates to rotate the connected fertilizer shaft.

According to the process of wheat growth period, determine the appropriate topdressing period. Adjustment of topdressing row spacing: according to the wheat sowing row spacing of topdressing field plots, firstly adjust the position of the arrow shovel opener 15 on the adjustment plate A17, secondly adjust the position of the pressing wheel 20 on the adjustment plate B22, and then adjust the rake handle 27 in the adjustment The position of plate C24, the three are on the same vertical line.

Adjustment of topdressing depth: Loosen the bolt A32 fixing the fertilizer delivery pipe (iron pipe) 14 and casing 13, move the fertilizer delivery pipe 14 downward to increase the fertilization depth, otherwise, the fertilization depth will decrease; loosen the nut of the pressing wheel handle 21 34, moving up the pressing wheel handle 21, the depth of fertilization increases, otherwise, the depth of fertilization decreases. When the two are adjusted to the required topdressing depth (generally 10-15cm), fix the nut 34 of the fertilizer delivery pipe 14 (iron pipe) and the sleeve pipe 13 bolt A32, the pressing wheel handle 21.

Adjustment of the amount of topdressing: On the basis of determining the amount of topdressing and the depth of topdressing, adjust the amount of topdressing. The specific method is to turn the ground wheel by hand for n turns, generally not less than 15 turns, and then calculate the amount of topdressing according to the following formula until it passes Adjust the exposed size of the fertilizer wheel until it is appropriate. Q=g/b×a×π×d×n×667. In the formula: Q is the amount of top dressing (kg/mu), g is the total displacement of n turns (kg); d is the diameter of the ground wheel (m); a is the row spacing (m), b is the number of rows; n is the ground The number of turns of the wheel; π takes 3.14.

After the topdressing row spacing, topdressing amount and topdressing depth are adjusted, the topdressing operation can be carried out in the ground, and the ground wheel is placed in the middle of the four-row wheat (that is, the center of the middle row back among the three row backs involved in the four-row wheat) , the operator pushes the handrail, the ground wheel rolls in the middle of the three row backs, and the two row backs on both sides implement fertilization, suppression and soil covering. Each set of topdressing, compacting and soil covering devices can implement two rows of wheat topdressing operations, and can complete four rows of wheat topdressing operations at one time.

Claims (2)

1. the light trench digging of wheatland topdresses and suppresses the earthing all-in-one, it is characterized in that comprising topdress device, suppression device, covering device, transmission device, frame and land wheel; Suppression device and covering device are two covers; Frame comprises front fork, front fork handle, tiltedly vertical rod, pull bar and handrail, and the handrail likeness in form is I-shaped; The pull bar upper and lower end welds with oblique vertical rod and front fork handle respectively; Land wheel is contained in the front end of front fork; The device that topdresses is contained in the end of front fork, and be positioned at front fork directly over, suppression device and covering device are housed respectively on the front fork handle from front to back;

The device that topdresses comprises fertilizer can, fertilizer can support, fertilizer member and defeated fertile member; Fertilizer member and defeated fertile member are two covers; The fertilizer member comprises fertilizer expelling shaft, control valve, obstruction wheel, clear fertile brush, dials fertile wheel and Compress Spring; Fertilizer expelling shaft, dial fertile wheel, clear fertile brush, Compress Spring all in the bottom of fertilizer can, control valve, block wheel all in a side of fertilizer can outside; Defeated fertile member comprises the fertilizer transferring box, leads fertile flexible pipe, sleeve pipe, fertilizer delivering pipe, adjustable plate A and arrow spade type plough; The fertilizer transferring box is similar to funnel, goes up to link to each other with fertilizer can, descends and lead fertile flexible pipe to join, and leads fertile flexible pipe to be embedded in the fertilizer delivering pipe, and fertilizer delivering pipe is contained in the sleeve pipe, and the arrow spade type plough links to each other with fertilizer delivering pipe; Be welded with fixed head on the sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe and fertilizer delivering pipe are contained on the adjustable plate A, and adjustable plate A is fixed on the front fork, and adjustable plate A is provided with a plurality of adjusting screws; The fertilizer can support comprises four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands and a front-axle beam; Front-axle beam is welded on adjustable plate A front end; Four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands are all in the front fork upper end, the front end of two longerons welds with the upper end of two oblique force arms respectively, weld with the two ends of front-axle beam respectively the lower end of two oblique force arms, three and rear end were one in the middle of four crossbeams comprised, the oblique vertical rod welding of rear end floor beam and frame, two square shapes that middle three crossbeams form, two fertilizer transferring box and two longerons are fixed; Front-axle beam is positioned at the front end of adjustable plate A, and is welded in parallel on the front fork with adjustable plate A; Transmission device comprises that fertilizer expelling shaft in the gear installed on chain, the land wheel, the fertilizer member cogs and driving wheel and the driven pulley of two mutual interlocks;

The suppression device comprises adjustable plate B, press wheel and suppression wheel shank; The mid point of adjustable plate B is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and adjustable plate B each side is equipped with a press wheel; A plurality of adjusting screws are arranged on the adjustable plate B, be used for regulating the position of press wheel, suppression wheel shank top is threaded, the suppression wheel shank passes the adjusting screw on the adjustable plate B, the length of adjustable plate B is identical with the length of adjustable plate A, and the adjusting screw quantity of the adjusting screw of adjustable plate B and adjustable plate A is identical and the position is corresponding; Covering device comprises adjustable plate C and rake, and rake is comprised of rabble arm and rake teeth; The mid point of adjustable plate C is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and adjustable plate C each side is equipped with a rake; Adjustable plate C is the angle iron shape, and the above has a plurality of adjusting screws; The front end of rabble arm is welded with fixed head, and fixed head is connected with adjustable plate C, and the rabble arm rear end is welded with rake teeth; The length of adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A, adjustable plate B length are identical, and the adjusting screw quantity of the screw on the adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A, adjustable plate B is identical and the position is corresponding.

2. the light trench digging of wheatland as claimed in claim 1 topdresses and suppresses the earthing all-in-one, it is characterized in that being distributed on the same ordinate before, during and after arrow spade type plough, press wheel and the rabble arm three.

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