CN102326477B - Portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for cornfield - Google Patents

Portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for cornfield Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102326477B
CN102326477B CN2011102507002A CN201110250700A CN102326477B CN 102326477 B CN102326477 B CN 102326477B CN 2011102507002 A CN2011102507002 A CN 2011102507002A CN 201110250700 A CN201110250700 A CN 201110250700A CN 102326477 B CN102326477 B CN 102326477B
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fertilizer
adjustable plate
wheel
front fork
topdressing
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CN2011102507002A
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CN102326477A (en
Inventor
马爱平
亢秀丽
靖华
王裕智
亢秀萍
王毅
李楠
杨丽萍
靖金莲
崔欢虎
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Wheat Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Wheat Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to a portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for cornfield, which aims at completing the work procedures of furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering in one step. The operation efficiency is high. The portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for the cornfield comprises a topdressing device, a pressing device, a soil covering device, a transmission device, a machine frame and an earth wheel, wherein the machine frame comprises a front fork, a front fork handle, an inclined vertical rod, a pull rod and an armrest, the armrest is in a shape similar to an I shape, the topdressing device comprises a fertilizer box, a fertilizer box support frame, two sets of fertilizer discharge components and two sets of fertilizer conveying components, the fertilizer discharge components comprise fertilizer discharge shafts, regulating valves, blocking wheels, fertilizer cleaning brushes, fertilizer pulling wheels and compression springs, the fertilizer box support frame comprises four cross beams, two vertical beams, two inclined vertical arms and one front beam, the pressing device comprises a regulation plate B, pressing wheels and a pressing wheel handle, the middle point of the regulating plate B is welded on the front fork handle of the machine frame, one pressing wheel is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the regulating plate B, the soil covering device comprises a regulating plate C and a rake, and the rake consists of a rake handle and rake teeth.

Description

The light trench digging of wheatland topdresses and suppresses the earthing all-in-one
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheatland trench digging suppression earthing all-in-one that topdresses.
Background technology
More studies show that, wheatland reduces to 50% with the base manure ratio of nitrogen, and proportion of additional fertilizer is increased to 50%, not only can improve output, improves quality, increase economic efficiency, and also has the effect that reduces environmental risk.Research also shows: the nitrogenous fertilizer deep placement can strengthen soil to the absorption of ammonium nitrogen, reduce ammonia volatilization, outflow with water and the denitrification denitrogenation loss, nitrogenous fertilizer is under deep placement 10-15 centimetre condition, and the ammonia loss by volatilization rate is easy to be reduced to below 10%, can significantly improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat yield.In the 80-90 age in last century, the farming of Yellow River-Huai River region wheat was once implemented topdressing operation with the animal-drawn wheat seeder, but along with animal power reduces update with wheat seeder year by year, this topdressing operation mode has not existed on producing, the substitute is the topdressing method of " top application ", cause ammonia loss by volatilization up to 50%.Lou in 2007 accounts for the spring and has developed " a kind of wheat dresser ", these facility need have supporting power, production cost is higher, still have certain distance with the purchasing power of the peasant household of present soil decentralized management, and the higher economic benefit with at present wheatland input and output of this facility operating cost is not to the utmost mutually auxiliary; Along with wheat the deepening continuously and reaching its maturity of agronomic technique research of topdressing, nitrogenous fertilizer imposes an important agronomic technique that has become improving yield of wheat deeply.But the more eurypalynous wheat of development topdressed facility in implementing the process of topdressing in the past, in the larger or general situation of soil moisture content, heavily sticking, in sticking, the light sticking and heavy loam matter, normal appearance lump of earth not of uniform size behind the trench digging, cause " returning soil (soil backflow joint close) " relatively poor situation, fertilizer is exposed to the ditch bottom of topdressing after topdressing, and fertilizer Chang Buneng obtains earthing.This situation often causes: the one, and the earthing weak effect of nitrogenous fertilizer easily causes ammonia emission; The 2nd, the many loss of moistures of wind in spring are very fast, these problems often cause utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer not high and the soil moisture conservation weak effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of and once can finish trench digging, topdress, suppression and earthing operation, operating efficiency is high, cost is low, the light trench digging of wheatland of Portable manpower traction topdresses suppression earthing all-in-one.
The present invention includes the device that topdresses, suppression device, covering device, transmission device, frame and land wheel; Suppression device and covering device are two covers.Frame comprises front fork, front fork handle, tiltedly vertical rod, pull bar and handrail, and the handrail likeness in form is I-shaped; The pull bar upper and lower end welds with oblique vertical rod and front fork handle respectively; Land wheel is contained in the front end of front fork; The device that topdresses is contained in the end of front fork, and be positioned at front fork directly over, suppression device and covering device are housed respectively on the front fork handle from front to back.
The device that topdresses comprises fertilizer can, fertilizer can support, fertilizer member and defeated fertile member; Fertilizer member and defeated fertile member are two covers.The fertilizer member comprises fertilizer expelling shaft, control valve, obstruction wheel, clear fertile brush, dials fertile wheel and Compress Spring.Fertilizer expelling shaft, dial fertile wheel, clear fertile brush, Compress Spring all in the bottom of fertilizer can, control valve, block wheel all in a side of fertilizer can outside.Defeated fertile member comprises the fertilizer transferring box, leads fertile flexible pipe, sleeve pipe, fertilizer delivering pipe, adjustable plate A and arrow spade type plough: fertilizer transfer box-shaped is intended funnel, upward link to each other with fertilizer can, descend and lead fertile flexible pipe to join, leading fertile flexible pipe is embedded in the fertilizer delivering pipe, fertilizer delivering pipe is contained in the sleeve pipe, and the arrow spade type plough links to each other with fertilizer delivering pipe; Be welded with fixed head on the sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe and fertilizer delivering pipe are contained on the adjustable plate A, and on the middle means of spot welds front fork of adjustable plate A, adjustable plate A is provided with a plurality of adjusting screws; The fertilizer can support comprises four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands and a front-axle beam; Front-axle beam is welded on adjustable plate A front end.Four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands are all in the front fork upper end, the front end of two longerons welds with the upper end of two oblique force arms respectively, weld with the two ends of front-axle beam respectively the lower end of two oblique force arms, three and rear end were one in the middle of four crossbeams comprised, the oblique vertical rod welding of rear end floor beam and frame, two square shapes that middle three crossbeams form, two fertilizer transferring box and two longerons are fixed.Front-axle beam is positioned at the front end of adjustable plate A, and is welded in parallel on the front fork with adjustable plate A.
The suppression device comprises adjustable plate B, press wheel and suppression wheel shank; The mid point of adjustable plate B is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and a press wheel respectively is equipped with at the two ends of adjustable plate B; A plurality of adjusting screws are arranged on the adjustable plate B, be used for regulating the position of press wheel, suppression wheel shank top is threaded, the suppression wheel shank passes the adjusting screw on the adjustable plate B, can move up and down, the length of adjustable plate B is identical with the length of adjustable plate A, and the adjusting screw quantity of the adjusting screw of adjustable plate B and adjustable plate A is identical and the position is corresponding, can satisfy equally the demand of three kinds of line-spacings suppressions.
Covering device comprises adjustable plate C and rake, and rake is comprised of rabble arm and rake teeth.The mid point of adjustable plate C is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and a rake respectively is equipped with at the two ends of adjustable plate C; Adjustable plate C is the angle iron shape, and the above has a plurality of adjusting screws, is used for regulating the position of rake, and the front end of rabble arm is welded with fixed head, and fixed head is connected with adjustable plate C, and the rabble arm rear end is welded with rake teeth; The length of adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A, adjustable plate B length are identical, and the adjusting screw quantity of the screw on the adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A is identical and the position is corresponding, can satisfy equally the demand of three kinds of line-spacing earthing.Be distributed on the same ordinate before, during and after arrow spade type plough, press wheel and the rabble arm three.
Transmission device comprises that fertilizer expelling shaft in the gear installed on chain, the land wheel, the fertilizer distributor cogs and driving wheel and the driven pulley of two mutual interlocks.When land wheel drives land wheel rotations that cog in ground surface, cog and the fertilizer expelling shaft that links to each other rotates by the chain-driving fertilizer expelling shaft, and then drive driving wheel and rotate with driven pulley, the driven pulley rotation makes coupled fertilizer expelling shaft rotation.
Operating efficiency of the present invention is high, once can finish trench digging, topdresses, suppression and earthing operation, once can finish the topdressing operation of four lines wheat.Operating cost is low, the Portable manpower traction, can effectively remedy the facility vacancy of topdressing that animal power reduces or wheat seeder updates and causes; Effectively solve the problem that present nitrogenous fertilizer imposes facility earthing weak effect, provide a kind of facility that topdress for effectively breaking through traditional nitrogenous fertilizer top application method; Improve topdressing operation efficient, reduce wheatland topdressing operation cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention suppresses the apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is transmission structures schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the defeated fertile element structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is fertilizer element structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, land wheel, 2, gear A, 3, chain, 4, front fork, 5, front fork handle, 6, tiltedly vertical rod, 7, handrail, 8, appliance stand topdresses, 9, fertilizer can, 10, the fertilizer member, 11, the fertilizer transferring box, 12, fertilizer delivering hose, 13, sleeve pipe, 14, fertilizer delivering pipe, 15, the arrow spade type plough, 16, fixed head, 17, adjustable plate A, 18, regulate screw, 19, front-axle beam, 20, press wheel, 21, the suppression wheel shank, 22, adjustable plate B, 23, regulate screw, 24, adjustable plate C, 25, regulate screw, 26, fixed head, 27, rabble arm, 28, rake teeth, 29, gear B, 30, driving wheel, 31, driven pulley, 32, bolt A, 33, bolt B, 34, nut, 35, bolt C, 36, bolt D, 37, pull bar, 38, oblique armstand, 39, longeron, 40, the back rest, 41, fertilizer expelling shaft, 42, control valve, 43, block wheel, 44, clear fertile brush, 45, fertilizer plucking wheel, 46, Compress Spring.
Embodiment
Frame comprises front fork 4, front fork handle 5, oblique vertical rod 6, pull bar 37 and is similar to I-shaped handrail 7; Pull bar 37 upper and lower ends weld with oblique vertical rod 6 and front fork handle 5 respectively; Land wheel 1 is contained in front fork 4 front ends; The device that topdresses be contained in front fork 4 terminal and directly over, suppression device and covering device are housed respectively on the front fork handle 5 from front to back, adjustable plate B 22 mid points are welded on the front portion of front fork handle 5, adjustable plate B22 each side is equipped with 1 press wheel; Adjustable plate C24 mid point is welded on the rear portion of front fork handle 5, and adjustable plate C24 each side is equipped with a rake; The device that topdresses comprises fertilizer can 9, fertilizer can support 8, fertilizer member 2 covers, defeated fertile member 2 covers.Fertilizer member (every cover) comprises fertilizer expelling shaft 41, control valve 42, obstruction wheel 43, clear fertile brush 44, group fertile wheel 45, Compress Spring 46 and nut D36.Wherein fertilizer expelling shaft 41, dial fertile wheel 45, clear fertile brush 44, Compress Spring 46 in the bottom of fertilizer can 9, control valve 42, block wheel 43, nut D36 in a side of fertilizer can 9 outsides; Defeated fertile member comprises fertilizer transferring box 10, leads fertile flexible pipe (plastics) 12, sleeve pipe 13, fertilizer delivering pipe (iron pipe) 14, adjustable plate A 17 and arrow spade type plough 15: fertilizer transferring box 11 shapes are intended funneling, upward link to each other with the bottom of fertilizer can 9 by bolt C35, descend and lead fertile flexible pipe 12 to join, leading fertile flexible pipe 12 is embedded in the fertilizer delivering pipe 14, fertilizer delivering pipe 14 is contained in the sleeve pipe 13, and arrow spade type plough 15 is fixedly linked by bolt B 33 and fertilizer delivering pipe 14; Be welded with fixed head 16 on the sleeve pipe 13, by bolt A32 sleeve pipe 13 and fertilizer delivering pipe 14 are contained in that (bolt A32 passes respectively fixed head 16, sleeve pipe 13, then blocking fertilizer delivering pipe 14) on the adjustable plate A17, adjustable plate A17 is fixed on the front fork 4, is furnished with a plurality of adjusting screws 18 on the adjustable plate A17; Fertilizer can support 8 comprises 4 crossbeams, two longerons 39, two oblique armstands 38 and a front-axle beam 19, and front-axle beam 19 is welded on adjustable plate A front end.4 crossbeams, two longerons 39, two oblique armstands are all in the front fork upper end, the upper end welding of the front end of two longerons 39 and two oblique force arms 38, weld with the two ends of front-axle beam 19 respectively the lower end of two oblique force arms 38,4 crossbeams comprise 3 of centres, one of rear end, rear end floor beam 40 welds with the oblique vertical rod 6 of frame, two square shapes that middle 3 crossbeams form, two fertilizer transferring box 11 are fixed by bolt D36 and two longerons.Front-axle beam 19 is positioned at the front end of adjustable plate A17, and is welded in parallel on the front fork 4 with adjustable plate A17; Adjustable plate A17 overall length 50cm, front fork handle each 25cm of 5 both sides.A plurality of adjusting screws are arranged on the adjustable plate A, can satisfy the demand that present 20cm, 18cm, 14cm different spacings are topdressed.
The suppression device comprises adjustable plate B22, press wheel 20 and suppression wheel shank 21; Adjustable plate B(band iron) 22 mid point is welded on the front fork handle 5 of frame, suppression wheel shank 21 tops are threaded, suppression wheel shank 21 can move up and down by the adjusting screw 23 on the adjustable plate B22, and fixing by nut 34, the length identical (being 50cm) of the length of adjustable plate B22 and adjustable plate A17, adjusting screw 18 quantity of the adjusting screw 23 of adjustable plate B22 and adjustable plate A17 are identical and the position is corresponding, can satisfy equally the demand of above 3 kinds of line-spacings suppression.
Covering device comprises adjustable plate C24 and rake, and rake is comprised of rabble arm 27 and rake teeth 28.Adjustable plate C24(angle iron) mid point is welded on the front fork handle 5 of frame, adjustable plate C24 is that the upright one side of angle iron has a plurality of adjusting screw 25(to be used for regulating the position of rake), the front end of rabble arm 27 is welded with fixed head 26, fixed head 26 is bolted with adjustable plate C24, and rabble arm 27 rear ends are welded with a plurality of rake teeths 28; The length of adjustable plate C24 and adjustable plate A17, adjustable plate B22 length are identical, and adjusting screw 18 quantity of the screw 25 on the adjustable plate C24 and adjustable plate A17 are identical and the position is corresponding, can satisfy equally the demand of above three kinds of line-spacing earthing.Be distributed on the same ordinate before, during and after arrow spade type plough 15, press wheel 20 and rabble arm 27 threes.
Transmission device comprises fertilizer expelling shaft in the gear A 2 of installing on chain 3, the land wheel, the fertilizer distributor cog driving wheel 30 and the driven pulley 31 of two mutual interlocks of being furnished with on B29 and the gear B 29, when land wheel 1 rotates at ground surface driven gear A2, rotate by chain 3 driven gear B29 and continuous fertilizer expelling shaft, gear B 29 is rotated and is driven driving wheel 30 and driven pulley 31 rotations, and driven pulley 31 rotates coupled fertilizer expelling shaft is rotated.
According to the wheat growth stage process, determine suitable topdressing period.The topdress adjusting of line-spacing: according to the wheat cultivation line-spacing in the plot, land for growing field crops of topdressing, at first regulate arrow spade type plough 15 in the position of adjustable plate A17, next regulates press wheel 20 in the position of adjustable plate B22, regulates rabble arm 27 in the position of adjustable plate C24 again, the three on same ordinate.
The adjusting of the degree of depth of topdressing: unclamp the bolt A32 that fertilizer delivering pipe (iron pipe) 14 and sleeve pipe 13 are fixed, moving down 14 fertilization depths of fertilizer delivering pipe increases, otherwise then fertilization depth reduces; Unclamp the nut 34 of suppression wheel shank 21, on move suppression wheel shank 21, fertilization depth increases, on the contrary fertilization depth reduces.When the two is adjusted to required topdress (general 10-15cm), fixedly fertilizer delivering pipe 14(iron pipe during the degree of depth) with sleeve pipe 13 bolt A32, suppress the nut 34 of wheel shank 21.
The adjusting of topdressing amount: on the basis of determining topdressing amount and the degree of depth of topdressing, carry out the adjusting of topdressing amount, concrete grammar is to rotate land wheel n circle with hand, generally is no less than 15 circles, then calculate topdressing amount according to following formula, until expose size when suitable by adjusting defertilizing wheel.Q=g/b×a×π×d×n×667。In the formula: Q is topdressing amount (thousand g/acres), and g is for rotating the total displacement (kilogram) of n circle; D is ground wheel diameter (rice); A is line-spacing (rice), and b is line number; N is that land wheel rotates the number of turns; π gets 3.14.
After the line-spacing that topdresses, topdressing amount and the depth adjustment of topdressing are finished, can implement topdressing operation with advancing, land wheel is placed on the center position (the namely centers of the row back of the body in centres in relate to three row back ofs the body of four lines wheat) of four lines wheat, the operator promotes handrail, the middle row back of the body of land wheel in three row back ofs the body rolls, and two row on both sides are carried on the back and implemented fertilising, suppression and earthing.The topdressing operation that every cover topdresses, suppression, covering device can be implemented two row wheats once can be finished the topdressing operation of four lines wheat.

Claims (2)

1. the light trench digging of wheatland topdresses and suppresses the earthing all-in-one, it is characterized in that comprising topdress device, suppression device, covering device, transmission device, frame and land wheel; Suppression device and covering device are two covers; Frame comprises front fork, front fork handle, tiltedly vertical rod, pull bar and handrail, and the handrail likeness in form is I-shaped; The pull bar upper and lower end welds with oblique vertical rod and front fork handle respectively; Land wheel is contained in the front end of front fork; The device that topdresses is contained in the end of front fork, and be positioned at front fork directly over, suppression device and covering device are housed respectively on the front fork handle from front to back;
The device that topdresses comprises fertilizer can, fertilizer can support, fertilizer member and defeated fertile member; Fertilizer member and defeated fertile member are two covers; The fertilizer member comprises fertilizer expelling shaft, control valve, obstruction wheel, clear fertile brush, dials fertile wheel and Compress Spring; Fertilizer expelling shaft, dial fertile wheel, clear fertile brush, Compress Spring all in the bottom of fertilizer can, control valve, block wheel all in a side of fertilizer can outside; Defeated fertile member comprises the fertilizer transferring box, leads fertile flexible pipe, sleeve pipe, fertilizer delivering pipe, adjustable plate A and arrow spade type plough; The fertilizer transferring box is similar to funnel, goes up to link to each other with fertilizer can, descends and lead fertile flexible pipe to join, and leads fertile flexible pipe to be embedded in the fertilizer delivering pipe, and fertilizer delivering pipe is contained in the sleeve pipe, and the arrow spade type plough links to each other with fertilizer delivering pipe; Be welded with fixed head on the sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe and fertilizer delivering pipe are contained on the adjustable plate A, and adjustable plate A is fixed on the front fork, and adjustable plate A is provided with a plurality of adjusting screws; The fertilizer can support comprises four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands and a front-axle beam; Front-axle beam is welded on adjustable plate A front end; Four crossbeams, two longerons, two oblique armstands are all in the front fork upper end, the front end of two longerons welds with the upper end of two oblique force arms respectively, weld with the two ends of front-axle beam respectively the lower end of two oblique force arms, three and rear end were one in the middle of four crossbeams comprised, the oblique vertical rod welding of rear end floor beam and frame, two square shapes that middle three crossbeams form, two fertilizer transferring box and two longerons are fixed; Front-axle beam is positioned at the front end of adjustable plate A, and is welded in parallel on the front fork with adjustable plate A; Transmission device comprises that fertilizer expelling shaft in the gear installed on chain, the land wheel, the fertilizer member cogs and driving wheel and the driven pulley of two mutual interlocks;
The suppression device comprises adjustable plate B, press wheel and suppression wheel shank; The mid point of adjustable plate B is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and adjustable plate B each side is equipped with a press wheel; A plurality of adjusting screws are arranged on the adjustable plate B, be used for regulating the position of press wheel, suppression wheel shank top is threaded, the suppression wheel shank passes the adjusting screw on the adjustable plate B, the length of adjustable plate B is identical with the length of adjustable plate A, and the adjusting screw quantity of the adjusting screw of adjustable plate B and adjustable plate A is identical and the position is corresponding; Covering device comprises adjustable plate C and rake, and rake is comprised of rabble arm and rake teeth; The mid point of adjustable plate C is welded on the front fork handle of frame, and adjustable plate C each side is equipped with a rake; Adjustable plate C is the angle iron shape, and the above has a plurality of adjusting screws; The front end of rabble arm is welded with fixed head, and fixed head is connected with adjustable plate C, and the rabble arm rear end is welded with rake teeth; The length of adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A, adjustable plate B length are identical, and the adjusting screw quantity of the screw on the adjustable plate C and adjustable plate A, adjustable plate B is identical and the position is corresponding.
2. the light trench digging of wheatland as claimed in claim 1 topdresses and suppresses the earthing all-in-one, it is characterized in that being distributed on the same ordinate before, during and after arrow spade type plough, press wheel and the rabble arm three.
CN2011102507002A 2011-08-29 2011-08-29 Portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for cornfield Expired - Fee Related CN102326477B (en)

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CN2011102507002A CN102326477B (en) 2011-08-29 2011-08-29 Portable furrowing, topdressing, pressing and soil covering integral machine for cornfield

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103109604B (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-10-22 汪延忠 Multi-functional no-tillage fertilizing seeder integrating seed drying prevention function and soil preparation function and weeding function and stubble cleaning function
CN105340447B (en) * 2013-11-28 2018-02-23 株式会社久保田 The delivering mechanism of agricultural materials feedway
CN109348755B (en) * 2018-10-31 2022-03-04 苏州基业生态园林股份有限公司 A equipment that loosens soil that fertilizies for gardens
CN114208472B (en) * 2022-01-14 2023-06-13 仲恺农业工程学院 Passion fruit leaf surface fertilizer injection device

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