CN102326275A - 原电池 - Google Patents

原电池 Download PDF

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CN102326275A
CN102326275A CN2009801573991A CN200980157399A CN102326275A CN 102326275 A CN102326275 A CN 102326275A CN 2009801573991 A CN2009801573991 A CN 2009801573991A CN 200980157399 A CN200980157399 A CN 200980157399A CN 102326275 A CN102326275 A CN 102326275A
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primary cell
electric conductor
housing
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electric
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金特·艾兴格
于尔根·霍夫曼
乔·布罗伊
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LI TEC VERMOEGENSVERWALTUNGS GmbH
Li Tec Battery GmbH
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    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种原电池，具有大致平坦的壳体，通过原电池壳体的窗口形状的、被基本上布置在与原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面中的镂空，可以从外部电接触所述原电池的导电体。

Description

原电池
技术领域
本发明涉及原电池。针对不同的使用，这样的原电池用于现有技术的不同领域中。除了其他的使用目的，最常见的使用为：最大化原电池与空间相关的能量密度，也就是原电池单位容积所储存的能量。原电池适用于构建由多个这样的原电池单元构成的电池，因此这样的单元有时也被称为电池单元。
背景技术
已知具有平坦的或矩形形状的原电池，其电化学活性有效成分，通常称为薄膜堆叠，通常由两部分的薄膜类型的封装包围，金属片形的电端子(“导电体”或者“导电金属片”)被引出封装。薄膜通常由两面具有电绝缘塑料涂层的铝薄膜制成。这样构建成的电池单元通常被称为袋单元(Pouch-Zellen)或者咖啡袋单元(Coffebag-Zellen)。电压通常通过形配合(formschlüssig)、力配合(kraftschlüssig)或者材料接合(stoffschlüssig)连接到导电金属片处的接触元件而获取。该接触元件可以在其一侧或者两侧连接到导电体。接触元件对于单个单元直接或者间接与用电负载或者电源连接，或者接触元件用于电池或者电池单元电串联或并联的电池块。
这样的电池单元与其他单元类型的重要区别在于，封装不是带电压的，而是电中性的。导电体以绝缘方式穿透封装。
就最大化与空间相关的能量密度的目的而言，通常不利的是：若侧向地(“径向地”，也就是平行于电池单元封装的平面部分)引导导电体穿过封装的焊接处，将导致损失可用的结构空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，最大化这样的原电池的与空间相关的能量效率。该目的通过根据权利要求1所述的原电池而实现。
对于根据本发明的原电池，具有大致平坦的壳体以及至少两个相反电极的导电体，该导电体用于导出储存在原电池中的能量，导电体或者壳体被布置成，通过壳体的窗口形状的、被基本上布置在与原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面中的镂空可以从外部电接触导电体。
在本发明的意义中，在此，原电池应被理解为所有类型的发电单元，特别是电容器或者电化学单元，且对于后者，特别是一次和/或二次电池单元。至少两个连接元件或者电极—专业人员称之为导电体或者导电金属片，被向外引出这样的原电池的壳体，用于释放被储存在原电池中的能量。这些导电体通常仅在壳体的一些位置穿出。
在上下文中，窗口形状的、被基本上布置在平行于电池单元的平坦壳体表面的平面中的壳体的镂空应被理解为使得可以从原电池的平坦侧接触导电体的任何结构。优选地，所述结构被布置成，使得壳体的窄边通过壳体材料的绝缘特性保护导电体，以防止例如不期望的触点接通(Kontaktierung)。
本发明的有利改进方案构成从属权利要求的主题。在下文中，根据优选的实施方式且借助于附图更加详细地描述本发明。
附图说明
附图中：
图1为根据本发明的第一实施方式的平坦原电池；
图2为根据本发明的第一实施方式的原电池的薄膜堆叠的分解图；
图3为根据本发明的第一实施方式的原电池的分解图；
图4为根据本发明的第一实施方式的原电池的切面的局部视图；
图5为本发明的第二实施方式的视图；
图6为本发明的第三实施方式的视图；
图7为根据本发明的第三实施方式的原电池的薄膜堆叠的分解图；
图8为根据本发明的第三实施方式的原电池的分解图；
图9为根据本发明的第三实施方式的原电池单元的切面的局部视图；
图10为本发明的第四实施方式的视图；
图11为根据本发明的第四实施方式的原电池单元形成的电池块的视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，电池单元101的导电体104不从侧面穿出绝缘的封装102，而是可以从外部通过封装中的窗口形状的镂空103而接触。在此，还可能的是：导电体由封装的一部分包围，且被密封在其中。导电体104在封装薄膜102的窗口形的镂空103处裸露。对于本发明的这样的和其他实施方式，导电体可以被实施成平坦金属片或具有额外的接触套筒520或者板条，如示出本发明的另一实施方式的图5所示。所述额外的接触套筒或者板条可以例如桥接(überbrücken)到电池块的下一单元的距离。
若窗口优选被布置在焊接区外的区域中、在导电体与电极堆叠(正极和负极薄膜)的端部之间，导电体可以在电池单元的正面和背面露出。这有利于接触和固定单元，因为在这种情况下，可以通过导电体引入用于拉杆(Zuganker)的孔以及用于由多个原电池构建电池块的类似装置。
图1至图5示出了本发明的第一实施方式，可以从电池单元的各侧(从顶部或者从底部)接触到导电体。图6至图10示出了本发明的另一实施方式，封装的顶部和底部在导电体的端部区域中具有窗口，且可以从两侧接触到导电体。根据本发明的该实施方式的电池单元可以很好地机械固定到导电体，例如在电池块的组装过程中，因为其可以完全地且由此抗负荷地(belastbar)位于单元的封装中，特别如图11所示的。
在图2中示出了图1所示的根据本发明实施方式的原电池的薄膜堆叠的分解视图。电极堆叠207的电极206以惯常的方式在电极堆叠的端部处向外引出。在该实施方式中，用于机械稳定性的导电金属片204、205被置于电极上。
图3示出了该实施方式的电池单元与上和下壳体部分或者封装部分的组装。下壳体部分310具有窗口形状的镂空308，且上壳体部分311具有位于电极堆叠的另一端处的相应的窗口形状镂空303，可以从外部通过该窗口形状的镂空303电接触导电体306，以及因此电接触与其电连接的电极堆叠307的电极306。
在图4中示出了图1至图3所示的根据本发明实施方式的电池单元的切面的局部视图。该单元与导电体一起，几乎完全被密封412在封装(壳体)的下部部分410与封装的上部部分411之间。仅可以通过在壳体的窗口形状镂空403中的开口404，从外部接触导电金属片414。
在图5中示出了第一实施方式的变型，作为本发明的第二实施方式，在第二实施方式中，至少一个导电体504设置有结构元件520，用于支持其触点接通。在此，该结构元件在垂直于与原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面的方向上以不可忽视的程度延伸。在图5所示的凸出物或者接触套筒520的位置处相应形成的板条或者其他结构也可以满足相同的目的。
图6示出了本发明的第三实施方式，在该实施方式中，封装在导电体端部的上部和下部区域上具有窗口，可以通过其从两侧接触导电体。导电体具有穿孔603，其可以在构建电池块时用于将电池单元机械固定到导电体。
图7示出了本发明的该实施方式的相应的分解视图，其具有单元堆叠707，具有穿透该堆叠的电极706，具有相应的导电金属片704、705，并且在这种情况下具有位于导电金属片中的圆形穿孔730。
图8示出了相应的分解视图，其具有下壳体部分810和上壳体部分811，该上壳体部分和下壳体部分还具有相应的穿孔803，可以通过穿孔803从外部电接触到具有其穿孔830的电极堆叠807的导电金属片804。
在图9中示出了这种电池单元的相应切面图。与本发明的其他实施方式类似，在此，电极堆叠与导电金属片904一起，几乎完全由下封装部分910和上封装部分911密封。该密封912仅在封装的窗口形状镂空905的区域中断开，可以通过其从外部接触具有其穿孔930的导电金属片904。
如图10所示，该实施方式也可以具有可实施的变型，对于该变型，电池单元1001的导电金属片具有额外的结构元件1020，所述结构元件支持导电金属片的触点接通。所述结构元件优选为接触套筒或者凸肩或者板条，或者类似的结构，其在垂直于与原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面的方向上以不可忽视的程度延伸。
图11示出了根据本发明的该实施方式的电池单元的电池块的视图，其中导电金属片的额外结构具有突出的极的形状。在此，固定单元以形成机械稳定的块且形成串联的电路，其优选由未在图中示出的拉杆实现。
本领域的技术人员根据本申请可以立即获知本发明的不同实施方式，且可以将其相互组合。

Claims (4)

1.一种原电池(101、501、601、1001)，包括基本平坦的壳体(102)以及具有相反的电极性的至少两个导电体(104、204、205、306、414、504)，用于释放储存在所述原电池中的能量，其特征在于，
所述导电体或者所述壳体被构建成，使得通过所述壳体的窗口形状的、被基本上布置在与所述原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面中的镂空(103、303、308、403、503、904)，可以从外部电接触所述导电体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的原电池，包括至少一个导电体(504、604、704、705、804、905)，其配置有用于支持其触点接通的结构元件(520、604、730、830、930、1020、1120)，且所述结构元件在垂直于与所述原电池的平坦壳体表面平行的平面的方向上以不可忽视的程度延伸。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的原电池，其中所述窗口形状的结构(904)被布置在所述平坦壳体的两侧(910、911)上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的原电池(1001、1101)，具有导电体(704、705)或者壳体，其包括用于插入拉杆或者类似的结构部件的孔(730、803、830)，以构建由多个原电池组成的电池。
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