CN102325665A - 混合传动设备 - Google Patents

混合传动设备 Download PDF

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CN102325665A
CN102325665A CN2010800085461A CN201080008546A CN102325665A CN 102325665 A CN102325665 A CN 102325665A CN 2010800085461 A CN2010800085461 A CN 2010800085461A CN 201080008546 A CN201080008546 A CN 201080008546A CN 102325665 A CN102325665 A CN 102325665A
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change
gear set
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CN102325665B (zh
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P·阿佩尔陶尔
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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DaimlerChrysler AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B60W10/023—Fluid clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合传动设备，所述混合传动设备具有输出件(10)、用于与初级驱动装置(12)持续连接的初级驱动件(11)、用于在所述初级驱动件(11)与所述输出件(10)之间建立形锁合连接的变速齿轮组(13)、用于与次级驱动装置(15)持续连接的次级驱动件(14)、以及与所述初级驱动件(11)和次级驱动件(14)持续联接的行星齿轮组(16)。本发明提出，在至少一种运行模式中，所述行星齿轮组(16)设置在与所述变速齿轮组(13)并行的力流中。

Description

混合传动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的混合(动力)传动设备。
背景技术
混合传动设备是已知的，所述混合传动设备具有输出件、用于与初级驱动装置持续连接的初级驱动件、用于在初级驱动件与输出件之间建立形锁合(formschluessig)连接的变速齿轮组(Zahnraederwechselsatz)、用于与次级驱动装置持续连接的次级驱动件、以及与初级驱动件和次级驱动件持续联接的行星齿轮组。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于，实现一种具有特别有利的力流分布的混合传动模块。这个目的根据本发明通过权利要求1的特征而实现。其它的构造方式由从属权利要求给出。
本发明基于一种混合传动设备，所述混合传动设备具有输出件、用于与初级驱动装置持续连接的初级驱动件、用于在所述初级驱动件与所述输出件之间建立形锁合连接的变速齿轮组、用于与次级驱动装置持续连接的次级驱动件、以及与所述初级驱动件和次级驱动件持续联接的行星齿轮组。
本发明提出，在至少一种运行模式中，所述行星齿轮组设置在与所述变速齿轮组并行的力流中。由此可在混合传动设备中划分力流，从而可在混合传动设备内部实现特别有利的力流分配。在此，“在与...并行的力流中”应尤其理解为通过变速齿轮组引导的力流至少部分能经行星齿轮组传递。优选的是，通过行星齿轮组引导的力流的大小能被调节。
另外，“输出件”尤其应理解为一种设置用于与轴驱动装置相连接的部件、例如用于与差速器相连接的齿轮。“初级驱动件”尤其应理解为用于以不能相对转动的方式与初级驱动装置的输出力矩和/或吸收力矩的部件连接的部件、例如用于以不能相对转动的方式与发动机曲轴持续连接的法兰和/或轴。“次级驱动件”尤其应理解为用于以不能相对转动的方式与次级驱动装置的输出力矩和/或吸收力矩的部件相连接的部件、例如用于以不能相对转动的方式与电机转子轴持续连接的法兰和/或轴。“设置”尤其应理解为专门地配置和/或设计。
另外提出，所述行星齿轮组设置成用于调整输出件转速和/或输出件力矩。由此可以在至少一种运行模式中借助行星齿轮组而使变速齿轮组无负载地切换，从而尤其是使混合传动设备的切换性能能有利地满足客户需求。在此，“输出件转速”尤其应理解为输出件转速的值。“驱动件力矩”尤其应理解为由输出件传递的力矩。
在一特别有利的构造方案中，行星齿轮组在至少一种运行模式中设置成用于对变速齿轮组进行同步。由此可省去变速齿轮组的成本高的同步单元、例如借助摩擦锁合(reibschluessig)同步的切换件，从而可实现变速齿轮组的特别简单的构造方案。“变速齿轮组”尤其应理解为包括至少两个齿轮副的装置，这些齿轮副能被选择性地切换以建立不同的变速比，其中，“齿轮副”尤其应理解包括至少两个相互啮合的齿轮的装置。“变速齿轮组的同步”尤其应理解成用于在变速齿轮组中建立抗转动连接的转速适配。“切换件”尤其应理解为用于建立抗转动的形锁合连接的、可被切换的部件。优选的是，在至少一种运行模式中变速齿轮组的至少一个切换件借助行星齿轮组来同步。
另外提出，行星齿轮组在至少一种运行模式中设置成用于完全传递用于所述输出件的力流。由此，可使力流的传递有利地与运行模式相适配。所述至少一种运行模式优选是用于切换变速齿轮组的切换模式。由此可在切换变速齿轮组期间将输出件力矩设定成不等于零，从而可在无负载中断的情况下切换混合传动设备。此外，由此在尤其是使初级驱动装置的转速降低的切换过程中，储存在初级驱动装置和混合传动设备中的动能能被输送给输出件、进而被转换成可有效利用的驱动功率。由此，尤其是储存在初级驱动装置中的、由于初级驱动装置的高飞轮质量而可能具有很高值的动能可有利地被回收再利用。“输出件力矩的传递”尤其应理解为力流的传递，借助该力流来提供位于输出件上的力矩的至少一部分。
在一有利的构造方案中，变速齿轮组至少部分地在空间上设置在所述初级驱动件与次级驱动件之间。由此在单个部件能有利地被接触到的情况下可实现紧凑的构造方案。变速齿轮组优选地全部设置在初级驱动装置与次级驱动件之间。
另外提出，混合传动设备具有动力切换离合单元，所述动力切换离合单元起作用地(wirkungsmaessig)设置在所述初级驱动件与所述变速齿轮组之间。由此，变速齿轮组在至少一种运行模式中有利地至少部分地与初级驱动件脱离，从而改善了变速齿轮组的切换性能、由此可提高客户舒适性。因为可能具有高飞轮质量的动力切换离合单元能通过初级驱动件和行星齿轮组与输出件联接，所以在动力切换离合单元的转速降低时还可将储存在动力切换离合单元中的动能有利地回收利用或者转换成能有效利用的驱动力矩。在此，“动力切换离合单元”应理解为用于建立抗转动连接的离合单元，该离合单元设置成用于在负载下从一切换状态切换至另一切换状态，例如摩擦片离合器。原则上可设想任意的、起作用地设置在初级驱动件与变速齿轮组之间的离合单元。
在另一构造方案中提出，混合传动设备包括至少两个能彼此脱离的驱动轴，其中一个驱动轴设置用于与所述行星齿轮组相连接，另一驱动轴设置用于与变速齿轮组相连接。由此，可实现特别有利的变速齿轮组构造或切换变速齿轮组连接。有利的是，动力切换离合单元起作用地设置在两个驱动轴之间，从而可实现一特别有利的构造。
在一特别有利的构造方案中，驱动轴中的一个实施为被另一驱动轴穿过的空心轴。由此可实现行星齿轮组和变速齿轮组的紧凑构造和有利的连接。
另外提出，变速齿轮组包括在所述驱动轴中的一个上设置的至少两个齿轮。由此可简单地实现具有高切换能力的变速齿轮组。
优选的是，变速齿轮组的设置在驱动轴上的齿轮实施为固定轮。由此，可实现变速齿轮组的特别有利的构造方案。
此外提出，将实施为空心轴的驱动轴用于所述变速齿轮组。由此可实现初级驱动件的和次级驱动件在混合传动设备的对置两侧上的有利设置。但原则上也可以设想，将实施为空心轴的驱动轴用于行星齿轮组，例如为了将初级驱动单元和次级驱动单元设置在混合传动设备的一侧上。
在本发明的一改进方案中提出，混合传动设备包括至少一个输出轴和设置用于变速齿轮组的至少两个齿轮，这些齿轮设置在所述至少一个输出轴上。由此可实现变速齿轮组的紧凑的构造方案，借助该变速齿轮组可使初级驱动件与输出件形锁合地连接。
优选的是，设置在所述至少一个输出轴上的所述齿轮至少部分地实施为空套齿轮(Losrad)，所述空套齿轮设置用于与所述至少一个输出轴以不能相对转动的方式连接。由此可简单地实现变速齿轮组的切换能力。
另外提出，混合传动设备具有至少一个设置在所述输出轴上的齿轮，所述至少一个设置在输出轴上的齿轮设置用于形锁合地连接行星齿轮组。由此可有利地连接行星齿轮组。尤其是由此可提供至少一个能借助行星齿轮组以及借助变速齿轮组来驱动的输出轴。
在一特别有利的构造方案中，混合传动设备包括至少两个至少局部构造类似的输出轴，所述输出轴能借助变速齿轮组和借助所述行星齿轮组来驱动。由此可在驱动轴上的齿轮数量较少的情况下提高能被切换的变速档位的数量，从而可实现具有大量变速档位的、轴向特别紧凑的构造方案。在此，“至少局部构造类似”应理解为输出轴在至少一项功能方面和/或在至少一种构造方面实施成相同的。
附图说明
其它的优点从下面的对附图的描述得出。附图中示出本发明的实施例。附图、说明书和权利要求书包括呈组合形式的大量特征。本领域技术人员也可适当地单独考虑这些特征以及将它们组合为合适的其它组合。
具体实施方式
图1示出机动车传动系的一部分。该机动车传动系具有初级驱动装置12、次级驱动装置15和混合传动设备33。机动车传动系的与混合传动设备33连接的车轴驱动装置未被详细示出。初级驱动装置12由发动机构成。次级驱动装置15由电机构成。另外，混合传动设备33具有控制单元，借助该控制单元可对混合传动设备33的主动部件进行控制和/或调节。
初级驱动装置12尤其设置用于力矩输出。借助控制单元可为初级驱动装置12预先规定一大于零的初级力矩。基于内部的制动力矩，初级驱动装置12也设置用于力矩吸收，也就是用于小于零的初级力矩。
次级驱动装置15与未详细示出的功率电子装置相连接，借助该功率电子装置使次级驱动装置15与未详细示出的蓄能器相连接。借助功率电子装置和蓄能器，次级驱动装置15设置用于主动的力矩吸收和主动的力矩输出。次级力矩可在小于零的下限值与大于零的上限值之间无级调整。
原则上也可以设想另外的初级驱动装置12和/或另外的次级驱动装置15。次级驱动装置15可以例如可选地借助液压的、液压气动的、气动和/或机械的蓄能器构成。
混合传动设备33具有用于持续连接初级驱动装置12的初级驱动件11、用于持续连接次级驱动装置15的次级驱动件14和用于连接车轴驱动装置的输出件10。初级驱动件11以不能相对转动的方式与构造为发动机的初级驱动装置12的曲轴35相连接。次级驱动件14以不能相对转动的方式与次级驱动装置15的转子轴34相连接。输出件10持续地与未详细示出的车轴驱动装置连接。
所示机动车传动系的输出件10设置横向安装在机动车中。原则上，混合传动设备33也可设置用于纵向安装。同样可以设想与设置用于驱动多于一个驱动轴的全轮驱动模块相组合。
此外，混合传动设备33具有变速齿轮组13，借助该变速齿轮组在初级驱动件11与输出件10之间可建立形锁合连接。变速齿轮组13具有至少两个齿轮副，借助所述齿轮副提供不同的传动比。齿轮副的不同传动比设置用于建立通过齿轮副的转换来切换的不同变速比。借助变速齿轮组13，在所示的实施例中能切换出六个变速档位，上述变速档位具有各自不同的传动比。
此外，混合传动设备33具有行星齿轮组16，该行星齿轮组与初级驱动件11和次级驱动件14持续地连接。行星齿轮组16具有太阳轮36、行星架37和齿圈(Hohlrad)38。另外，行星齿轮组16具有至少一个行星轮39，借助行星架37在一圆形轨迹上引导所述行星轮，所述行星轮与太阳轮36和齿圈38啮合。行星齿轮组16的齿圈38以不能相对转动的方式与初级驱动件11连接。行星齿轮组16的太阳轮36以不能相对转动的方式与次级驱动件14连接。行星齿轮组16的行星架37设置用于与输出件10形锁合地连接。因此，行星齿轮组16能与输出件10形锁合地接合。
在至少一种运行模式下，行星齿轮组16将初级驱动件11、次级驱动件14和输出件10作用连接。在这种运行模式下，行星齿轮组16布置在与经过变速齿轮组13的力流并行的力流中。借助行星齿轮组16在至少一种运行模式中调整输出件10的输出件转速和输出件力矩。
行星齿轮组16和变速齿轮组13设置用于功率分流。行星齿轮组16和变速齿轮组13在初级驱动件11、次级驱动件14与驱动件10之间提供两个不同的力流。尤其是被导入初级驱动件11的初级力矩在至少一种运行模式中以能调整的方式被划分给变速齿轮组13和行星齿轮组16上。借助次级驱动件14来实现对功率分流的调整。
初级驱动件11和次级驱动件14设置成彼此共轴。沿着混合传动设备33的轴向的主延伸方向，初级驱动件11设置在混合传动设备33的第一侧上。次级驱动件14沿主延伸方向设置在混合传动设备33的与初级驱动件11对置的第二侧上。混合传动设备33在空间上至少大部分设置在初级驱动装置12与次级驱动装置15之间。
为了连接变速齿轮组13，混合传动设备33具有设置在初级驱动件11与变速齿轮组13之间的力流中的动力切换离合单元17。为了连接变速齿轮组13，混合传动设备33具有与动力切换离合单元17相连接的驱动轴19。动力切换离合单元17具有两个离合元件，在这两个离合元件中一个以不能相对转动的方式与初级驱动件11连接，(另)一个以不能相对转动的方式与驱动轴19连接。与初级驱动件11连接的离合元件实施为离合器架，该离合器架设置用于与实施为摩擦片的第二离合元件摩擦锁合地连接。
为了连接行星齿轮组16，混合传动设备33具有另外的驱动轴18，该驱动轴穿过动力切换离合单元17和变速齿轮组13。驱动轴18与初级驱动件11以不能相对转动的方式连接。该驱动轴使初级驱动件11与行星齿轮组16的齿圈28以不能相对转动的方式连接。用于连接变速齿轮组13的驱动轴19实施为空心轴，用于连接行星齿轮组16的传动轴18穿过该空心轴。两个驱动轴18、19设置成彼此共轴。两个驱动轴18、19能通过动力切换离合单元17彼此脱离。
为了连接输出件10，混合传动设备33具有两个输出轴23、24，所述输出轴设置成与驱动轴18、19并行地错开。输出件10具有两个齿轮40、41，所述齿轮分别设置在所述输出轴23、24之一上。输出件10的两个齿轮40、41实施为固定轮。齿轮40、41各自与未详细示出的、同样构造为圆柱齿轮的终端输出轮相啮合。输出件10使两个输出轴23、24形锁合地相互连接，从而总是限定两个输出轴23、24之间的转速比。在所示的实施例中，两个齿轮40、41具有相同的齿数，因此两个输出轴23、24总是具有相同的输出件转速。然而，原则上也可设想实施具有不同齿数的齿轮40、41。
在所示的实施例中，变速齿轮组13具有三个齿轮平面42、43、44。在所述齿轮平面42、43、44的每一个中设置三个齿轮20、21、22、25、26、27、28、29、30。设置在驱动轴19上的齿轮20、21、22实施为初级齿轮。这些初级齿轮各自与其它的实施为次级齿轮的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30中的两个啮合。实施为次级齿轮的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30设置在输出轴23、24上。输出轴23、24设置成与设置用于变速齿轮组13的驱动轴19相距不同的距离。借助变速齿轮组13能使两个输出轴23、24与驱动轴19形锁合地连接。
借助所述九个齿轮20、21、22、25、26、27、28、29、30实现六个齿轮副。设置在驱动轴19上的齿轮20、21、22在此各自用于齿轮副中的两个。由于输出轴23、24相对于驱动轴19的距离不同，所有齿轮副都具有不同的传动比。因此，借助变速齿轮组13实现六个传动比不同的传动档位。
设置在输出轴23、24上的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30实施为空套齿轮。为了将齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30与输出轴23、24连接，变速齿轮组13具有优选能彼此无关地被切换的六个切换件45、46、47、48、49、50。切换件45、46、47、48、49、50实施成非同步的。切换件45、46、47、48、49、50各自具有一切换位置和一空档位置。在切换位置中，切换件45、46、47、48、49、50使所属的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30与相应的输出轴23、24形锁合连接。在空档位置中，使相应的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30与所属的输出轴23、24脱离。省去了在输出轴23、24与相应的齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30之间设置的、设置用于在切换过程期间建立摩擦锁合连接的同步件。切换件45、46、47、48、49、50实施为能借助滑动套筒切换的牙嵌式切换装置/卡爪式切换装置。原则上，切换件45、46、47、48、49、50也可部分地设置成一体用于多个齿轮25、26、27、28、29、30，例如作为能在两侧切换的滑动套筒的构型。
为了连接行星齿轮组16，混合传动设备33具有两个另外的齿轮31、32，所述齿轮各自设置在输出轴23、24上并与齿轮51啮合，该齿轮与行星齿轮组16的行星架37以不能相对转动的方式连接。这两个齿轮31、32实施为空套齿轮。这两个齿轮能彼此无关地与各自的输出轴23、24连接。用于切换齿轮31、32的切换件52、53以类似于变速齿轮组13的切换件45、46、47、48、49、50的方式实施为非同步的牙嵌式切换装置。
由于输出轴23、24相对于驱动轴19的距离不同，用于联接行星齿轮组16的两个齿轮31、32具有不同的半径。借助这两个齿轮31、32为行星齿轮组16与两个输出轴23、24的联接形成不同的传动比。由于借助输出件10联接输出轴23、24，原则上也可以省去齿轮31、32中的一个。齿轮31、32中保留的齿轮可实施为固定轮。原则上可以完全取消第二输出轴24的设置。
设有控制单元用以控制和调节各自能借助主动的调整件切换的切换件45、46、47、48、49、50、52、53和动力切换离合单元17，借助该控制单元可为混合传动设备33切换出不同的运行模式。另外，该控制单元设置用于规定初级驱动装置12的初级力矩和初级驱动转速以及次级驱动装置15的次级力矩和次级驱动转速。
在所有下文描述的运行模式中，选择性地接合两个切换件52、53之一以连接行星齿轮组16。在所述运行模式下行星齿轮组16与输出件10持续地连接。未对切换件52、53的切换位置被改变的切换模式进行详细描述，但可实施类似于用于切换变速齿轮组13的、下文描述的切换模式。
为了启动构造为发动机的初级驱动装置12，混合传动设备33具有一种启动模式。在该启动模式中，控制单元将变速齿轮组13切换至空档位置中。在变速齿轮组13的空档位置中，输出轴23、24仅通过行星齿轮组16与初级驱动件11连接。另外，对于该启动模式，控制单元激活未详细示出的驻车锁，借助该驻车锁使输出件10相对于未详细示出的变速器壳体不能转动。该驻车锁例如可借助机动车的行车制动器实现。随后借助控制单元设定的次级力矩通过以不能相对转动的方式设置的输出件10引导至初级驱动件11上，由此可借助次级力矩启动初级驱动装置12。
另外，混合传动设备33具有用于从驻车状态起步的起步模式。在该起步模式下，初级转速不等于零。控制单元规定与初级转速相对应的次级转速，基于该次级转速调节出等于零的输出件转速。为了切换变速齿轮组13，控制单元使动力切换离合单元17分离并将变速齿轮组13切换至一待切换的变速器档位中。一旦切换(到)变速档位，控制单元就使动力切换离合单元17逐渐地接合，从而通过变速齿轮组13将在初级驱动件11上引入的初级力矩传递到输出件10上。
附加地，控制单元可在起步运行模式下规定一大于零的次级力矩，该次级力矩在起步模式下借助行星齿轮组16同样传递到输出件10上。
另外，混合传动设备33具有行驶模式，在该行驶模式中变速齿轮组13被切换至一确定的变速档位中并且动力切换离合单元17接合。在该行驶运行模式中，初级驱动件11总是与输出件10形锁合地连接。通过行星齿轮组16，次级驱动件14与初级驱动件11持续连接并且与输出件10持续连接。在行驶模式中，变速齿轮组13和行星齿轮组16在力流中并行设置。对于行驶模式，混合传动设备33针对加强模式(Boost-Modus)用于提供附加的动能，而针对蓄能模式用于导出动能。
在加强模式下，控制单元规定一大于零的次级力矩，该次级力矩借助行星齿轮组16与已被设定的初级力矩一起被传递到输出件10。根据初级力矩和次级力矩的总和构成输出件力矩。通过该附加的次级力矩，将附加的动能引入混合传动设备33中。
在蓄能模式下，控制单元规定一小于零的次级力矩。由此，借助次级驱动件14将被导入混合传动设备33中的力矩导出，从而能将动能从混合传动设备33中导出并储存起来。导入混合传动设备33中的力矩原则上可借助初级驱动件11和/或借助输出件10来提供。如果借助输出件10导入力矩，则该蓄能模式形成回收模式。如果附加地和/或代替地借助初级驱动件11导入力矩，则该蓄能模式附加地和/或代替地形成加载模式。在加载模式中，将借助初级驱动件11导入的力矩的一部分再引导至输出件10上，从而可同时实现向前推进和能量储存。
另外，混合传动设备33针对升档模式用于在无负载中断的情况下切换变速齿轮组13。在升档模式下，控制单元在确定的切换转速下、在负载作用下将变速齿轮组13从低变速档位切换到高变速档位。为切换变速齿轮组13，控制单元在升档模式的第一阶段中设定功率分流，其中用于输出件10的力流完全经过行星齿轮组16引导。在升档运行模式的第二阶段中，控制单元使初级转速与适配于高变速档位的转速相适配。在第三阶段中，控制单元切换到该高变速档位。
在所述第一阶段中，控制单元以储存在控制单元内的斜线图使动力切换离合单元17分离。在初级转速到达所述切换转速前不久便开始使动力切换离合单元17分离。与此并行地，控制单元将次级力矩设定成大于零，使得经初级驱动件11导入的初级力矩更多地经过行星齿轮组16引导。一旦经变速齿轮组13引导的力流足够小，控制单元就降低初级力矩并将变速齿轮组13切换到空档位置，其中该控制单元使初级力矩一直降低到切换件45、46、47、48、49、50中的此前被切换到的切换件至少基本上可以被无负载地切换至空档位置。用于输出件10的力流由此完全经行星齿轮组16传递。
在第二阶段中，动力切换离合单元17至少部分地保持接合。控制单元规定一次级力矩，在该次级力矩下初级转速下降。通过使初级转速下降，使得储存在初级驱动装置12中、混合传动设备33中、尤其是动力切换离合单元17中的动能部分地被输送至输出件10。因为由控制单元规定的次级力矩大于零，所以输出件力矩同样大于零。在第二阶段期间，控制单元借助初级力矩和次级力矩将初级转速调节至与高变速档位相适配的转速。
在其中初级转速具有与高变速档位相适配的转速的第三阶段中，切换件45、46、47、48、49、50的配属于高变速档位的切换件无负载地切换至其切换位置。由此初级驱动件11借助变速齿轮组13又与输出件10形锁合地连接，从而完成对变速齿轮组13的切换。在第三阶段期间，动力切换离合单元17可部分地滑磨运行/半离合运行。为了完成升档模式，使动力切换离合单元17完全接合。
另外，混合传动设备33具有在无负载中断情况下的降档模式。在该降档模式中，控制单元在确定的切换转速下、在负载作用下将变速齿轮组13从高变速档位切换到低变速档位。在降档模式的第一阶段中，控制单元设定一功率分流，其中力流完全经行星齿轮组16引导。在降档模式的第二阶段中，控制单元使初级转速与适配于低变速档位的转速相适配。在第三阶段中，控制单元切换到低变速档位。降档模式原则上与升档模式相似地进行。与变速齿轮组13的齿轮副的设置无关地，在升档模式和降档模式下，所有能借助变速齿轮组13切换到的变速档位都可以相互间动力换档。

Claims (15)

1.一种混合传动设备，所述混合传动设备具有输出件(10)、用于与初级驱动装置(12)持续连接的初级驱动件(11)、用于在所述初级驱动件(11)与所述输出件(10)之间建立形锁合连接的变速齿轮组(13)、用于与次级驱动装置(15)持续连接的次级驱动件(14)、以及与所述初级驱动件(11)和次级驱动件(14)持续联接的行星齿轮组(16)，其特征在于，在至少一种运行模式中，所述行星齿轮组(16)设置在与所述变速齿轮组(13)并行的力流中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组(16)设置成用于调整输出件转速和/或输出件力矩。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组(16)在至少一种运行模式中设置成用于对所述变速齿轮组(13)进行同步。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组(16)在至少一种运行模式中设置成用于完全传递用于所述输出件(10)的力流。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述变速齿轮组(13)至少部分地在空间上设置在所述初级驱动件(11)与所述次级驱动件(14)之间。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设有动力切换离合单元(17)，所述动力切换离合单元起作用地设置在所述初级驱动件(11)与所述变速齿轮组(13)之间。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设有至少两个能彼此脱离的驱动轴(18、19)，其中一个驱动轴设置用于与所述行星齿轮组(16)相连接，另一驱动轴设置用于与所述变速齿轮组(13)相连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述驱动轴中的一个驱动轴(19)实施为被另一驱动轴(18)穿过的空心轴。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述变速齿轮组(13)包括在所述驱动轴中的一个驱动轴(19)上设置的至少两个齿轮(20、21、22)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，所述变速齿轮组(13)的设置在所述驱动轴(19)上的齿轮(20、21、22)实施为固定轮。
11.至少根据权利要求7所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，将实施为空心轴的驱动轴(19)用于所述变速齿轮组(13)。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设有至少一个输出轴(23、24)和设置用于变速齿轮组(13)的至少两个齿轮(25、26、27、28、29、30)，所述用于变速齿轮组的至少两个齿轮设置在所述至少一个输出轴(23、24)上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设置在所述至少一个输出轴(23、24)上的所述齿轮(25、26、27、28、29、30)至少部分地实施为空套齿轮，所述空套齿轮设置用于与所述至少一个输出轴(23、24)以不能相对转动的方式连接。
14.至少根据权利要求12所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设有至少一个设置在所述输出轴(23、24)上的齿轮(31、32)，所述至少一个设置在所述输出轴上的齿轮设置用于形锁合地连接行星齿轮组(16)。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动设备，其特征在于，设有至少两个至少局部构造类似的输出轴(23、24)，所述输出轴能借助所述变速齿轮组(13)和借助所述行星齿轮组(16)来驱动。
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