CN102323392A - Simulation test device for melting flow combustion behavior of thermoplastic material - Google Patents
Simulation test device for melting flow combustion behavior of thermoplastic material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation test device for the melting flow combustion behavior of a thermoplastic material. The device comprises a flue gas collection unit and a measuring unit. The flue gas collection instrument consists of an exhaust fume collection hood, a test material fixing instrument located below the exhaust fume collection hood and composed of a loading-bearing frame; a mass loss rate measuring instrument consisting of an oil pan and an electronic balance is arranged below the internal side of the loading-bearing frame; a temperature measuring instrument consisting of a thermocouple tree and a data collection system is installed on the external side of the loading-bearing frame. The device of the invention can be used for measuring the influence of melting flow combustion on a plurality of parameters, and meanwhile can be used for researching the influence of multiple factors on melting flow combustion, such as material, thickness, angle, distance from the material to the oil pan, etc. Employment of the device provided in the invention can provide an effective research instrument and a measuring method for the coupling ring effect of a thermoplastic material melting flow combustion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fire safety evaluating technical field, be specifically related to the experimental simulation device that melt-flow combustion phenomena under the thermoplastic fire condition is studied.
Background technology
In recent years, polymkeric substance is widely applied in buildings, and the hidden fire-fighting danger of therefore bringing has also caused extensive concern.For thermoplastic polymer a very important melt-flow combustion phenomena is arranged under fire condition, promptly material is not directly by solid gasification after-combustion in combustion process, but is melted into liquid earlier, further decomposition combustion then.The liquid that the fusion after-combustion can take burning things which may cause a fire disaster to below, the combustible of the below of igniting.Make the burning of thermoplastic under the fire condition not only demonstrate phenomenon, also spread downwards simultaneously, accelerated the rate of spread of fire to vertical spread.Simultaneously, if the below of thermoplastic is the floor, the liquid behind the fusion drippage forms the oil sump fire below thermoplastic, and the oil sump fire can form the coupling ring effect of mutually promoting with the burning of top thermoplastic.The development of oil sump fire can promote the burning fusion of thermoplastic, accelerates the burning of thermoplastic, and the liquid that has more fusion drippages after the thermoplastic burning is accelerated replenishes below oil sump fire, promotes the development of oil sump fire.To this coupling ring Study on Effect, significant for the fire risk of understanding thermoplastic, can reliable basis be provided for design for fire protection simultaneously.
Coupling ring Study on Effect to the molten thermoplastic material flow burning still lacks effective laboratory facilities at present.Current have a kind of Kebab experimental provision, and this device is made drum with thermoplastic, measures the quality of the liquid of thermoplastic reel and below fusion drippage respectively through two electronic balances, and incendiary source adopts No. 7 European standard fire.This device can effectively be measured two-part quality; But but lack effective characterization method for most important parameter HRR in the fire, only the obtaining of two parts HRR can infer through mass loss rate and combustion heat value and obtain, and the sign of total HRR is certainly existed very mistake; Simultaneously; Because experimental provision is excessive, move inconvenience, influenced the adjustment design of experiment parameter.Also having a kind of experimental provision is thermoplastic plate directly to be attached to the ISO9705 combustion chamber wall surface burn; This way can effectively be obtained total HRR of burning; But can't characterize two-part HRR, what embody for the coupling of liquid-solid two states is not clearly.The experimental provision that also has a kind of T type groove; This device is through investigating the distance of fusion drippage back trickling under the different thermoplastic material fire condition at a T type of thermoplastic plate arranged beneath groove; This device is applicable to the qualitative examination of research initial stage to the molten thermoplastic material fluid ability, can't make effective sign to the coupling ring effect.It is that thermoplastic plate is arranged in ISO9705 exhaust fume collecting hood below free combustion that thermoplastic research also has a kind of experimental provision; This device can effectively be measured total HRR; Also embodied of the influence of coupling ring effect to the thermoplastic burning; But the oil sump fire is let alone Free Development, fail the two-part HRR of effective quantitatively characterizing.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem of still not having effective experimental study means at present to the coupling ring effect of molten thermoplastic material flow burning; The present invention provides a kind of experimental provision that is used to study the behavior of molten thermoplastic material flow burning, so that can carry out quantitative examination to the coupling mechanism of molten thermoplastic material flow burning.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses this problem: a kind of molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision; Comprise smoke gas collecting apparatus and measurement mechanism; Said smoke gas collecting apparatus comprises exhaust fume collecting hood; The experiment material stationary installation is established in said exhaust fume collecting hood below, and said experiment material stationary installation comprises the load-bearing support body; Below said load-bearing support body inboard, establish the mass loss rate measurement mechanism, said mass loss rate measurement mechanism comprises food tray and electronic balance; Establish temperature measuring equipment in the external side of said bearing frame, said temperature measuring equipment comprises thermopair tree and data acquisition system (DAS).
Said load-bearing support body is a closed-in construction, is made up of base, spandrel girder and load-bearing pillar; Establish fixing bracket body and movable support body on the said spandrel girder, said movable support body upper end is articulated in the upper end of said fixing bracket body through back shaft, between fixing bracket body and movable support body, establishes brace summer adjustable support angle and fixing.
Between fixing bracket body and movable support body, also be provided with the angulation scale, its measurement range is the 0-120 degree; Establish setting-up piece on the said back shaft.
Bridge piece, current stabilization pipeline section, test pipeline section and smoke evacuation pipeline section successively on the said exhaust fume collecting hood.Establish the flue gas sampling hole above the described test pipeline section.The end of said smoke evacuation pipeline section connects the frequency conversion air exhauster.
Said thermopair tree comprises chassis and load-bearing pillar, and said load-bearing pillar bottom is fixed on the chassis, lays some thermopair erecting frames on the load-bearing pillar.
Said thermopair erecting frame comprises the extension that is fixed on the load-bearing pillar, and the extension tail end is thermocouple sheath fixedly.
Said measurement mechanism is calorimeter and gas analyzer.
This analogue experiment installation also is provided with video monitoring system, and it comprises industrial camera and tripod.
Described fixing bracket body length satisfies the stability requirement of experiment material stationary installation.Said movable support body adopts back shaft to link to each other with base, simultaneously the movable support body variable-angle.
Described exhaust fume collecting hood covers experiment material stationary installation upper area fully, and the flue gas that produces in the experiment can all be collected.Described current stabilization pipeline section adopts several current stabilization nets to realize current stabilization, and punching is used for flue gas sampling above the described test pipeline section, measures total HRR through oxygen consumption method, measures all gases component through flue gas analyzer.Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises data acquisition module, computing machine and data acquisition software.
Described mass loss rate measurement mechanism also is provided with computing machine and data acquisition software.PLASTIC LAMINATED is positioned in the middle of food tray and the electronic balance, reduces the heat harm of food tray to electronic balance.
Described video monitoring system also is provided with computing machine and video recording software.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) can measure HRR total in the melt-flow burning and the fiery HRR of oil sump respectively.
(2) can analyze of the influence of multiple factor to melt-flow burning, like material, thickness, angle, material apart from the food tray distance etc.
(3) can measure the influence that multiple parameter receives the melt-flow burning.Like HRR, mass loss rate, temperature field distribution and flue gas concentration etc.
(4) design and installation is convenient.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is done further explanation through embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the experimental provision general illustration
Fig. 2 is an experiment material stationary installation synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is the thin portion of an experiment material stationary installation synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 sets thin portion synoptic diagram for thermopair
Among the figure:
The 1-exhaust fume collecting hood; The 2-bend pipe; 3-current stabilization pipeline section; 4-tests pipeline section; The 5-pipeline section of discharging fume; 6-load-bearing support body; The 6a-spandrel girder; The 6b-load-bearing pillar; The 7-fixing bracket body; The 8-movable support body; The 9-base; The 10-brace summer; 11-angulation scale; The 12-back shaft; The 13-setting-up piece; The 14-food tray; The 15-electronic balance; The 16-chassis; 17-load-bearing pillar; The 18-extension; The 19-thermocouple sheath; The 20-fixed screw; The 22-industrial camera; The 23-tripod.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1-4, the present invention includes experiment material stationary installation, flue gas collection and measurement mechanism, temperature measuring equipment, mass loss rate measurement mechanism and video monitoring system.
The experiment material stationary installation comprises load-bearing support body 6, fixing bracket body 7, movable support body 8, base 9, brace summer 10, angulation scale 11, back shaft 12 and setting-up piece 13.Load-bearing support body 6 is a closed-in construction, adopts steel bar or angle steel to make, and is made up of base 9, spandrel girder 6a and load-bearing pillar 6b; Establish fixing bracket body 7 and movable support body 8 on the spandrel girder 6a.The distance of load-bearing support body both sides load-bearing pillar 6b should be greater than the maximum food tray size 10-30cm of experimental design; Height should be according to the size design of experiment measuring; Should guarantee that generally the experiment material size is apart from ground 5-10cm; If consider the influence of material in the experiment, can come adjustable range through the position of adjustment bolster 12 with highly suitably strengthening apart from the floor distance.Fixing bracket body 7 mainly is the effect of playing the strong point, makes things convenient for movable support body 8 to make angular adjustment.Fixing bracket body 7 adopts the angle steel structure, is equipped with slotted eye above, mainly is to make things convenient for brace summer 10 can move continuously in the above, so that the angle between movable support body 8 and the fixing bracket body 7 can be regulated continuously.Brace summer 10 1 ends are fixed on the fixing bracket body 7, and the other end is fixed on the movable support body 8.Fixedly the time, adopt three setting-up pieces 13 to be fixed in the groove of fixing bracket body 7 and movable support body 8 or directly be fixed in the hole.The purpose that adopts three is effectively fixing, if adopt monolithic setting-up piece 13, when supporting, can bring the problem of slip.Angulation scale 11 is welded on the fixing bracket body 7, and the scope of angulation scale 11 should be not less than 90 degree, and material is exotic materials such as steel.In experiment was used, taking measurement of an angle of angulation scale 11 should be done correction, guaranteed that in plate of material corresponding angulation scale angle calibration system is 0 degree vertically downward the time.
Flue gas is collected and measurement mechanism comprises exhaust fume collecting hood 1, bend pipe 2, current stabilization pipeline section 3, test pipeline section 4, smoke evacuation pipeline section 5 and equipment such as calorimeter and gas analyzer.The size of exhaust fume collecting hood 1 should be collected the flue gas of all generations in the experiment, and exhaust fume collecting hood 1 below is a vertical baffle, and top is water conservancy diversion shape structure, and the flue gas of collection can be collected in the pipeline through bend pipe 2 smoothly.Pipeline is provided with one section current stabilization pipeline section 3, places some screenses in the current stabilization pipeline section.Steady flow segment mainly is to let flue gas mix, the isoparametric test of flue gas composition in the convenient test pipeline section 4.Punching is provided with exhaust tube in the test pipeline section 4, with fume extraction, behind dry filter, measures concentration of component such as oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide through aspiration pump, calculates total HRR through oxygen consumption method.For the assurance flue gas is in time got rid of, establish the frequency conversion air exhauster at smoke evacuation pipeline section 5 ends.
Temperature measuring equipment comprises thermopair tree and data acquisition system (DAS).The thermopair tree comprises chassis 16, load-bearing pillar 17 and some heat call idol erecting frames, and this device comprises extension 18, thermocouple sheath 19 and fixed screw 20.In experiment, regulate the position of thermopair, thermopair equidistance on the thermopair tree is distributed through fixed screw 20.The temperature data of gathering adopts the RS232 interface to be connected with computer through behind the data acquisition module, obtains the real time temperature data through data acquisition software.
The mass loss rate measurement mechanism comprises food tray 14 and electronic balance 15.Food tray 14 is placed on below, experiment material plate ground; Be used to collect the trickling liquid after the burning fusion, the effect of oil sump fire in the simulation melt-flow burning coupling ring effect, the size of food tray 14 should be able to be collected all trickling liquid fully; The size of food tray 14 is unsuitable excessive simultaneously; If cross senior general because of the reason such as too fast of dispelling the heat, can't effectively observe the coupling ring effect, the size of food tray 14 should be advisable just to collect all the trickling liquid.Place PLASTIC LAMINATED between electronic balance 15 and the food tray 14, to reduce the heat harm of burning to electronic balance.The range ability of electronic balance should be at one or two hundred kilograms.Electronic balance should be connected with computer, and obtains real-time mass change through data acquisition software, can calculate the HRR of oil sump fire through mass loss rate.
Video monitoring system comprises industrial camera 22 and tripod 23, through the height of regulating tripod 23 industrial camera 22 and experimental provision is maintained an equal level in the experiment, is used for the real time record experimentation.Industrial camera 22 links to each other with computing machine, and carries out the experimentation that real-time video record is taken through video recording software.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1-4, the present invention simulates the coupling ring effect of molten thermoplastic material flow burning through the oil sump fire burns of fixing thermoplastic plate and below.Thermoplastic plate is of a size of 1m*0.6m in the present embodiment, and the height of load-bearing support body 6 is 1.3m, and the distance of both sides is 0.9m; The length of fixing bracket body 7 is 0.8m; The distance of both sides is 0.61m, and the length of movable support body 8 is 0.8m, with the side slotted eye is set all above the movable support body 8; Movable support body 8 adopts angle steel to make, and through screw thermoplasticity experiment material plate is installed above.Movable support body 8 sides link to each other with fixing bracket body 7 through brace summer 10.Fixing bracket body 7 all is provided with slotted eye with brace summer 10.The length of groove is 10cm, and the size in hole satisfies screw needs are installed.The installation of the installation of fixing bracket body 7 and brace summer 10 and movable support body 8 and brace summer 10 all adopts three setting-up pieces 13 to carry out the mode that screw is installed; If the installation site of brace summer 10 and fixing bracket body 7 and movable support body 8 is just at Kong Chu; Then can adopt 13 punchings of a setting-up piece to install; If the installation site at the groove place, is anti-sliding stop, need following three setting-up pieces 13 in the employing upward; The screw punching installation site of brace summer is on the setting-up piece 13 of centre, and two setting-up pieces 13 play the effect of preventing sliding stop up and down.The thermoplastic plate of experiment usefulness is installed on the movable support body 8, through height and the angle change thermoplastic plate ground level and the angle of adjustment movable support body 8.Movable support body 8 is measured through angulation scale 11 with the angle of fixing bracket body 7, and angulation scale 11 is welded on the fixing bracket body 7.Carry out angle calibration system before the experiment, angle is 0 when guaranteeing that thermoplastic plate is vertically placed.The angular range of angulation scale 11 is the 0-120 degree.The height of the liftoff plate of thermoplastic plate can be regulated through changing the position of bolster 12 on fixing bracket body 7.
Exhaust fume collecting hood 1 is of a size of 3m*3m, and the vertical baffle height is 1m, and the device of whole combustion parts is covered exhaust fume collecting hood 1 time, guarantees that flue gas can all collect.Bend pipe 2 passes exhaust fume collecting hood 1, and with exhaust fume collecting hood 1 sealing welding, the flue gas that will test collection through bend pipe 2 is delivered to current stabilization pipeline section 3, current stabilization pipeline section 3 is provided with three netted current stabilization nets, and the flue gas of incoming flow is carried out current stabilization.In the middle of test pipeline section 4 and the current stabilization pipeline section 3 one section common pipeline section is arranged; Distance is about 2m; Punching is provided with exhaust tube on the test pipeline section 4; Through aspiration pump flue gas is extracted out, behind dry filter, measured concentration of component such as oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, measure total HRR through oxygen consumption method principle.
The measurement that the temperature field distributes is obtained through thermopair tree and data acquisition system (DAS).The single solid steel structure is adopted on chassis 16, and thickness is about 5cm, load-bearing pillar 17 high 1.3m, and 6 thermopairs are equally spaced.The height of thermopair is regulated through the fixed screw on the load-bearing pillar 17 20, and thermopair stretches out the length of thermocouple sheath 19 can be regulated through the fixed screw above the thermocouple sheath 19 20.The temperature signal that thermopair obtains gets into the I7018 data acquisition module; After module is changeed 232 interfaces through RS485; Re-use USB/ serial ports converting interface and link to each other with computing machine, data acquisition software adopts the building fire data acquisition system (DAS), obtains the temperature signal of collection in real time.
Video monitoring system comprises industrial camera 22 and tripod 23.Industrial camera 22 capture rate are 61fts, adopt the 1394B interface, and resolution is 780*580.The high workload height of tripod is 1675mm, and minimum working depth is 485mm, and the corner bracket joint number is 4 joints, peak load 12kg.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not that the present invention is done any type of restriction.Every foundation technology of the present invention and method essence all still belong in the scope of technology of the present invention and method scheme any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (10)
1. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision; Comprise smoke gas collecting apparatus and measurement mechanism; It is characterized in that: said smoke gas collecting apparatus comprises exhaust fume collecting hood (1); The experiment material stationary installation is established in said exhaust fume collecting hood (1) below, and said experiment material stationary installation comprises load-bearing support body (6); Side-lower is established the mass loss rate measurement mechanism in said load-bearing support body (6), and said mass loss rate measurement mechanism comprises food tray (14) and electronic balance (15); Establish temperature measuring equipment in said load-bearing support body (6) outside, said temperature measuring equipment comprises thermopair tree and data acquisition system (DAS).
2. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said load-bearing support body (6) is a closed-in construction, is made up of base (9), spandrel girder (6a) and load-bearing pillar (6b); Establish fixing bracket body (7) and movable support body (8) on the said spandrel girder (6a); Said movable support body (8) upper end is articulated in the upper end of said fixing bracket body (7) through back shaft (12), between fixing bracket body (7) and movable support body (8), establishes brace summer (10) adjustable support angle and also fixes.
3. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 2 is characterized in that: between fixing bracket body (7) and movable support body (8), also be provided with angulation scale (11), its measurement range is the 0-120 degree; Establish setting-up piece (13) on the said back shaft (12).
4. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: bridge piece (2), current stabilization pipeline section (3), the test pipeline section (4) and the pipeline section (5) of discharging fume successively on the said exhaust fume collecting hood (1).
5. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 4 is characterized in that: establish the flue gas sampling hole above the described test pipeline section (4), the end of said smoke evacuation pipeline section (5) connects the frequency conversion air exhauster.
6. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said thermopair tree comprises chassis (16) and load-bearing pillar (17); Said load-bearing pillar (17) bottom is fixed on the chassis (16), and load-bearing pillar (17) is gone up and laid some thermopair erecting frames.
7. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: said thermopair erecting frame comprises the extension (18) that is fixed on the load-bearing pillar (17), and extension (18) tail end is thermocouple sheath (19) fixedly.
8. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said measurement mechanism is calorimeter and gas analyzer.
9. molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between said food tray (14) and electronic balance (15), establish PLASTIC LAMINATED.
10. according to each described molten thermoplastic material flow burning Behavior modeling experimental provision of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: this analogue experiment installation also is provided with video monitoring system, and it comprises industrial camera (22) and tripod (23).
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| CN103076357A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Inert gas-protected thermoplastic material heating, melting, dripping and combusting test device |
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| CN104990955A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-10-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | Downward flame spreading mechanism diagnosis device of foam material fixed to wall in bottom-supported and side-clamped mode |
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| CN112697954B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN113092520A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院 | Experimental device for be used for research of solution stream drip |
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Application publication date: 20120118 |