CN103076357A - Inert gas-protected thermoplastic material heating, melting, dripping and combusting test device - Google Patents
Inert gas-protected thermoplastic material heating, melting, dripping and combusting test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103076357A CN103076357A CN2013100182486A CN201310018248A CN103076357A CN 103076357 A CN103076357 A CN 103076357A CN 2013100182486 A CN2013100182486 A CN 2013100182486A CN 201310018248 A CN201310018248 A CN 201310018248A CN 103076357 A CN103076357 A CN 103076357A
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Abstract
The invention provides an inert gas-protected thermoplastic material heating, melting, dripping and combusting test device. The inert gas-protected thermoplastic material heating, melting, dripping and combusting test device comprises a metal container (1) with a small circular hole at the bottom, wherein the metal container (1) is put inside an electric heating furnace (2); a small circular hole is also formed at the bottom of the electric heating furnace (2); and central axes of both the small circular hole of the metal container (1) and the small circular hole of the electric heating furnace (2) are aligned with each other in the vertical direction. In the combusting process, polymers, particularly a thermoplastic material, easily drip combustible molten liquid to form flowing fire; by heating such polymers, controllable melting dripping mass rates can be achieved; and through nitrogen gas protection in the heating furnace, in the heating process, the polymers can not be combusted, so that flowing combustion behaviors of the various polymers under the conditions of different melting dripping mass rates can be quantitatively studied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to polymeric material and be subjected to thermal behavior and trickling combustion characteristics field, in particular, relate to a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding.
Background technology
The development of artificial synthetic plastic technology and extensively utilization have brought numerous facilities for people's production and life.Yet these flammability of materials often will increase the fire load in the space, easily bring fire to prevent and treat the new problem of aspect.Wherein, thermoplastic (such as tygon, polypropylene, polystyrene etc.) has obtained using widely in occasions such as automobile, aviation, household electrical appliances, office, interior decoration decorations owing to having the moulding advantage that repeats of " being heated intensification can be softened mobile; curable typing cools ".After this analog thermoplastic material and goods thereof are ignited, will drip the fused solution combustible downwards in the combustion process, thereby easily form trickling oil sump fire in the bottom, this oil sump fire is not only the main control unit of whole combustion process, and often accelerates fire spread.Research about the combustion characteristics aspect of thermoplastic, International Academic periodical " deleterious material periodical " (the Journal ofHazardous Materials that Holland publishes, 2009, the 166th volume, the 1321-1325 page or leaf) mentions a kind of thermoplastic coupling combustion analogy method based on T-shaped groove in, the method mainly is by being close at a vertical wall thermoplastic sheet material to be installed, receive the thermoplastic liquation under the drippage in the wall combustion process and place a T-slot in the sheet material bottom, thereby the coupling combustion process of simulation wall fire and bottom oil sump fire, and weigh to a certain extent the flowability that such material liquid cell fire burns.Patent 201110253772.2 is mentioned a kind of molten thermoplastic material burning behavior analogue experiment installation, also be a thermoplastic sheet material to be fixed on the panel that can change the inclination angle carry out combustion experiment, the bottom adopts a rectangle food tray to receive the thermoplastic liquation that drips in the combustion process, and this device can research material thickness, the far and near distance between material inclination angle and top wall thermoplastic sheet and the below food tray is on the impact of whole combustion process.In the existing method and apparatus about the special burning behavior research of thermoplastic, mostly be thermoplastic sheet to be fixed on some matrix walls light, the mode that the liquid that thereunder with a food tray burning melting is dripped receives is studied.A major defect of this method is: there is very large randomness in the melt liquid drippage process that forms in the thermoplasticity material wooden partition face combustion process, the drippage speed of melt liquid is uncontrollable, and the development of below liquid trickling oil sump fire and the process that spreads are mainly determined by the drippage speed of melt liquid, therefore, existing method has limited the development of molten thermoplastic material liquid oil sump fire and the quantitative test of going deep into that spreads feature.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of thermoplastic melted by heating drippage speed controlled active oil sump fire combustion characteristics research method and device, by the in-depth monitoring to thermoplastic melted by heat process in the heating furnace, determine the critical conduction mode that various thermoplastics melt fully, at the uniform velocity under the drippage condition, research drippage mass rate is on the burning of molten thermoplastic material oil sump fire and the impact that spreads characteristic at molten thermoplastic material liquid.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding, comprise that a bottom has the canister of a small sircle hole, canister is placed in the electric furnace, the electric furnace bottom also has a small sircle hole, and the small sircle hole of canister aligns with the central axis in the vertical direction of the small sircle hole of electric furnace; Described metal circular hole before experiment, adopt small sircle hole that a taper cork passes electric furnace from below jam-pack; The metal lid with several bleeder vents is placed in the top of canister; Inert gas in the gas cylinder is passed in the canister through passing metal lid behind reduction valve and the flowmeter successively; Arrange the first thermopair tree on the vertical center line of canister inside, comprise several thermopairs, the madial wall neighbor positions of canister is also arranged the second thermopair tree at vertical direction, comprises several thermopairs; The electric furnace that inside is placed with canister is placed on the first higher support, and the first support is positioned over again on the first electronic balance; Under the electric furnace bottom surface, place the second shorter support, the second electronic balance is placed in the second support top, places a burning food tray on described the second electronic balance and is used for receiving the flammable drop of molten thermoplastic material that upper metal container bottom aperture drips; Between described the first support and the second support contacting of power do not occur, thereby the independent mass that avoids interference between the first electronic balance and the second electronic balance is measured; Lay the three thermocouple tree directly over the described burning food tray, comprise several thermopairs, each thermopair of three thermocouple tree should depart from the center of canister small hole at bottom part in the horizontal direction, thereby avoids the molten melt drop that canister drips to stick on the thermopair downwards; Several radiation heatflowmeters are laid in the position near the side of described burning food tray, are used for measuring the radiation heat flux variation of food tray burning; Some video cameras are laid in the position near the side of described burning food tray, are used for taking in real time from different perspectives the burning of food tray liquation and the feature that spreads.
What described the first electronic balance was measured is top electric furnace and the mass change that the integral container of thermoplastic is housed.
What described the second electronic balance was measured is the real-time mass change of below burning food tray.
What the first thermopair tree of vertically laying on the described canister inside center line was measured is the thermoplastic temperature variation on several exemplary position in being subjected to thermal process that holds in the container.
Inner the second thermopair tree of vertically laying near sidewall locations of described canister is measured is near the thermoplastic that holds in the container temperature variation on several exemplary position sidewall in being subjected to thermal process.
The described inert gas that passes metal lid and continue to pass into canister inside is pyrolysis gas and the original oxygen that discharges after being heated for the thermoplastic that holds in the cut-back tank, so that the pyrolysis gas that the thermoplastic pyrolysis discharges can be discharged by the aperture of metal lid, and lower oxygen concentration in the maintenance container, make its oxygen concentration be not enough to burn, thereby the thermoplastic of avoiding melting burn in canister.
What the described three thermocouple tree that vertically is laid in burning food tray top was measured is the real-time change of food tray temperature of combustion field.
What described several radiation heatflowmeters that are laid in burning food tray side were measured is the real-time change of the radiation heat flux of food tray burning on different distance and direction.
What described several video cameras that are laid in burning food tray side were taken is the interior liquid burned flame shape of food tray on the different directions and the real-time change that spreads the zone;
Data collecting card in the output line access computing machine of thermopair, radiation heatflowmeter and the electronic balance of laying on described each position carries out real-time data acquisition;
The described flow that passes into the inert gas in the canister can change by the adjusting of reduction valve and flowmeter;
Described burning food tray is a center with larger area and stretches out the band oil pan of several narrow grooves at the edge;
Described canister is replaceable, changes the size of canister small hole at bottom part diameter, thereby regulates the size that molten thermoplastic liquid drips mass rate downwards.
Compared with prior art, this device has following technical advantage:
(1) the drippage mass rate of constant, controlled thermoplastic fusing fluid be can realize, thereby the burning of molten thermoplastic material oil sump fire and the rules of development under the different drippage mass rate conditions studied.
Two thermopair trees of (2) vertically laying in the canister, but Real-time Measuring calorimetric plastic material is heated the real time temperature of exemplary position in the process to be changed, thereby whole " heating up-melt-subside " process of thermoplastic in the stove as can be known, determine the critical point that thermoplastic melts fully in the stove, namely pull out the moment of stopper in the canister small hole at bottom part, after this begin to drip combustion experiment; In addition, by the pre-arcing characterisitics of contrast different thermoplastic material under identical heating condition, can analyze the melted by heating behavior of different materials.
(3) weightless for pyrolysis weight loss and the drippage of thermoplastic in the heating furnace of top, adopt the first electronic balance to measure in real time; Receive the mass change of drippage molten thermoplastic and combustion process for below burning food tray, adopt the second electronic balance to measure in real time; These two electronic balances are the two-part mass change of independent measurement respectively, thereby can analyze the oil sump fire development of combustion rule under the constant speed drippage mass rate condition.
(4) by continuing in canister, to pass into inert gas, keep the interior oxygen concentration of canister lower, guarantee inflammable gas that the thermoplastic pyrolysis in the canister goes out be heated to fully fusing and fusing fluid continue downwards drippage during can not ignited, guaranteed the lasting downward drippage process of fusing drop;
(5) the burning food tray of branched groove, not only can study the active oil sump fire that continues drippage thermoplastic fusing fluid forms and evolution, for different types of thermoplastic, also can analyze by the mobile speed of each narrow groove internal combustion liquid the similarities and differences of its trickling combustion characteristics.
(6) by changing the different canister of bottom opening diameter, can study the food tray development of combustion characteristic under the different drippage of the molten thermoplastic material liquid mass rate condition.
(7) polymkeric substance especially easily drips flammable melt liquid in the thermoplastic combustion process; form the trickling fire; the present invention is by the mode of this base polymer of heating; realize controlled melting drippage mass rate; nitrogen protection method in the heating furnace; guarantee that polymkeric substance does not burn in being heated process, thus the trickling burning behavior of the various polymkeric substance of quantitative examination under different melting drippage mass rate conditions.Not yet set up owing to embodying the testing standard of melting drippage burning, the method can be applicable to polymer combustion performance test and classification, and the foundation of this type of testing standard will provide foundation for future.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation with thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device of inert gas shielding;
Fig. 2 is this experimental provision canister bottom opening and plug structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the branched oil pan shape vertical view of this experimental provision below;
Wherein: 1 is canister, and 2 is electric furnace, and 3 is the first thermopair tree, 4 is the second thermopair tree, and 5 is metal lid, and 6 is ceramic pipe, 7 is gas cylinder, and 8 is reduction valve, and 9 is flowmeter, 10 is the first support, and 11 is the first electronic balance, and 12 are the burning food tray, 13 is the second electronic balance, and 14 is the second support, and 15 is the three thermocouple tree, 16 is radiation heatflowmeter, and 17 is video camera, and 18 is taper cork.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 has provided the one-piece construction schematic diagram with thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device of inert gas shielding of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the bottom opening of this device metal container and the enlarged drawing of stopper, and Fig. 3 is branched groove vertical view.The thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device that the present embodiment has an inert gas shielding is positioned under the exhaust fume collecting hood with smoke exhaust fan, and interior pyrolysis product and the bottom food tray combustion product gases of canister all can be discharged by exhaust fume collecting hood outdoor like this.
As shown in Figure 1, bottom is taper stainless steel metal container 1 is placed within the electric furnace 2.For example: the bottom of this canister 1 and sidewall adopt the electrical heating wire of electric furnace 2 to heat, and the electrical heating wire of bottom and sidewall is positioned in the groove of electric furnace 2 that a bottom has a small sircle hole.This canister 1 internal diameter is 20 centimetres, 3 millimeters of wall thickness, and overall height is 53.6 centimetres, and the cone angle of the conical lower portion of the conical lower portion of canister 1 and electric furnace 2 all is 150 degree, and it is 3 millimeters small sircle hole that the conical lower portion of canister 1 has a diameter.Laid the first thermopair tree 3 on the vertical center line of canister 1, comprised 9 thermopairs, thermopair between the upper and lower apart from be 4cm, wherein on the thermopair vertical direction below apart from 5 centimetres of small sircle holes.The second thermopair tree 4 has been laid in the internal side wall position of canister 1, comprise 7 thermopairs, between the upper and lower distance between each thermopair is 4 centimetres, each thermopair horizontal direction is apart from 1 centimetre of the madial wall of canister 1, and thermopair vertical direction in below that sidewall locations is laid is apart from 15 centimetres of the lowermost ends of canister 1.Described canister 1 inner 16 thermopairs laying all carry out real-time data acquisition in the access data capture card.Canister 1 top adopts a stainless steel metal lid 5 that it is covered, and is drilled with 30 diameters on the described metal lid 5 and is 0.2 centimetre aperture, and these apertures are evenly distributed on the metal lid 5.One is connected with inert gas, diameter is that 1 centimetre ceramic pipe 6 inserts in canister 1 by another perforate of metal lid, and described inert gas export from gas cylinder 7, passes through reduction valve 8 and flowmeter 9, finally passes in the canister 1.Electric furnace 2 and canister 1 are positioned over a higher position by the first support 10, and the distance from bottom floor level of canister 1 is 1.2 meters, and the first support 10 is positioned on the first electronic balance 11.Place a food tray 12 below electric furnace 2, this food tray 12 is positioned on the second electronic balance 13, and the second electronic balance 13 is placed on the second support 14.During experiment test, the DOL Data Output Line of described the first electronic balance 11 and the second electronic balance 13 is all carried out real-time data acquisition in the access data capture card.Three thermocouple tree 15 has vertically been laid in described food tray 12 tops, comprise 10 thermopairs, the spacing of each thermopair is 4 centimetres, wherein on that thermopair vertical direction of below apart from 20 centimetres of food tray 12 bottom surfaces, each thermopair of described three thermocouple tree departs from 2 centimetres at canister small hole at bottom part center in the horizontal direction, thereby avoids the molten melt drop that canister drips to stick on the thermopair downwards.Laid a radiation heatflowmeter 16 apart from 50 centimetres at food tray 12 centers, high 40 centimetres of positions in the horizontal direction; Two video cameras 17 are taken front elevation and the side view of food tray 12 internal combustion from the place ahead and side respectively.The DOL Data Output Line of described thermopair and radiation heatflowmeter all access data collector is carried out real-time data acquisition.
As shown in Figure 2, begin before the experiment, adopt a taper cork 18 to pass the aperture of electric furnace 2 from the below, the bottom opening of canister 1 is sealed, after inserting firmly, open the metal lid 5 of canister 1, thermoplastic particle (as: 2 kilograms of polyethylene particles) is slowly poured in the canister 1, and jiggle, make the interparticle space in the canister 1 as far as possible little, afterwards, metal lid 5 is covered back, the pipe that is connected with inert gas is reinserted in the canister 1, can begin experiment.At first open each road thermopair; electronic balance; radiation heatflowmeter; the capture program of video camera; open afterwards electrically heated power supply and begin heating; by 16 thermopair measured temperature changing values in the canister 1; judge the thermoplastic particles fully melting whether in the canister 1; namely; when the temperature of three thermopairs in below of the first thermopair tree 3 is all spent above 400; extract taper cork 18 from the below; begin the drippage experiment; the molten thermoplastic liquation that drops to food tray 12 in the canister 1 will burn; this is because when getting off from the canister 1 interior drippage of nitrogen protection, food tray 12 ambient oxygen are abundant, so can burn.The thermopair of food tray 12 tops will be measured oil sump temperature of combustion field wherein, the radiation heat flux of 16 pairs of these oil sump fire of radiation heatflowmeter is measured, and 2 video cameras 17 will carry out record from two angles in the place ahead and side to the trickling process of food tray burned flame form and liquid oil sump fire respectively.
In the experimentation, the mass change in the canister 1 interior downward drippage molten thermoplastic liquation process is measured whole process by the first electronic balance 11, and this rate of mass change is exactly the drippage mass rate of molten thermoplastic material liquid; And the mass change of below food tray combustion process will be measured by the second electronic balance 13, and this mass change has been reacted the comprehensive of food tray internal combustion speed and drop quality of reception speed.
Fig. 3 has provided the specific embodiment of below reception food tray 12, this food tray is made of a border circular areas and three branch's grooves at center, the diameter of central circular is 15 centimetres, the width of three branch's grooves is 5 centimetres, length is 80 centimetres, whole food tray is high 8 centimetres, and three branch's grooves angle between any two is 120 degree.During experiment, the aperture center of circle of the center of circle in the vertical direction of the middle part border circular areas of this food tray and the canister of top bottom aligns.Like this, central circular receives burns after fallen molten thermoplastic material drop is dripped in the top, formation initial combustion zone, carrying out along with burning, the flammable liquation of drippage is flow burning in three branch's grooves constantly, the speed of flow burning can be used for the flow burning characteristic of such molten thermoplastic material liquid of quantitatively characterizing with distance in branch's groove, thereby weighs the degree that it affects fire spread.
Described inert gas can adopt the comparatively cheap industrial nitrogen of price.
Claims (13)
1. the thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding drips the combustion testing device, comprise that a bottom has the canister of a small sircle hole (1), it is characterized in that, canister (1) is placed in the electric furnace (2), electric furnace (2) bottom also has a small sircle hole, and the small sircle hole of canister (1) aligns with the central axis in the vertical direction of the small sircle hole of electric furnace (2); The small sircle hole of described canister (1) adopts a taper cork (18) to pass the small sircle hole of electric furnace (2) from the below jam-pack before experiment; The metal lid (5) with several bleeder vents is placed in the top of canister (1); Inert gas in the gas cylinder (7) passes through successively and passes metal lid (5) behind reduction valve (8) and the flowmeter (9) and be passed in the canister; Arrange the first thermopair tree (3) on the vertical center line of canister inside, comprise several thermopairs, the madial wall neighbor positions of canister is also arranged the second thermopair tree (4) at vertical direction, comprises several thermopairs; The electric furnace that inside is placed with canister is placed on higher the first support (10), and the first support (10) is positioned over again on the first electronic balance (11); Under the electric furnace bottom surface, place shorter the second support (14), the second electronic balance (13) is placed in the second support (14) top, and the upper burning food tray (12) of placing of described the second electronic balance (13) is used for receiving the flammable drop of molten thermoplastic material that upper metal container bottom aperture drips; Between described the first support (10) and the second support (14) contacting of power do not occur, thereby the independent mass that avoids interference between the first electronic balance (11) and the second electronic balance (13) is measured; Lay three thermocouple tree (15) directly over the described burning food tray (12), comprise several thermopairs, each thermopair of three thermocouple tree (15) should depart from the center of canister small hole at bottom part in the horizontal direction, thereby avoids the molten melt drop that canister drips to stick on the thermopair downwards; Several radiation heatflowmeters (16) are laid in the position near the side of described burning food tray (12), and the radiation heat flux that is used for measurement burning food tray (12) burning changes; Some video cameras (17) are laid in the position near the side of described burning food tray (12), are used for taking in real time from different perspectives the burning of burning food tray (12) liquation and the feature that spreads.
2. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device, it is characterized in that: what described the first electronic balance (11) was measured is top electric furnace and the mass change that the integral container of thermoplastic is housed.
3. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device, it is characterized in that: what described the second electronic balance (13) was measured is the real-time mass change of below burning food tray.
4. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device, it is characterized in that: what the first thermopair tree of vertically laying on the described canister inside center line was measured is the thermoplastic temperature variation on several exemplary position in being subjected to thermal process that holds in the container.
5. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: inner the second thermopair tree of vertically laying near sidewall locations of described canister is measured is near the thermoplastic that holds in the container temperature variation on several exemplary position sidewall in being subjected to thermal process.
6. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device; it is characterized in that: the described inert gas that passes metal lid (5) and continue to pass into canister inside is pyrolysis gas and the original oxygen that discharges after being heated for the thermoplastic that holds in the cut-back tank; so that can passing through the aperture of metal lid (5), the pyrolysis gas that the thermoplastic pyrolysis discharges discharges; and lower oxygen concentration in the maintenance container; make its oxygen concentration be not enough to burn, thereby the thermoplastic of avoiding melting burn in canister.
7. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device, it is characterized in that: what the described three thermocouple tree that vertically is laid in burning food tray top was measured is the real-time change of food tray temperature of combustion field.
8. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device, it is characterized in that: what described several radiation heatflowmeters that are laid in burning food tray side were measured is the real-time change of the radiation heat flux of food tray burning on different distance and direction.
9. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described several video cameras that are laid in burning food tray side are taken is liquid burned flame shape and spread the real-time change in zone in the food tray on the different directions.
10. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 drips the combustion testing device; it is characterized in that: the data collecting card in the output line access computing machine of thermopair, radiation heatflowmeter and the electronic balance of laying on described each position, carry out real-time data acquisition.
11. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described flow that passes into the inert gas in the canister can change by the adjusting of reduction valve and flowmeter.
12. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described burning food tray is a center with larger area and stretches out the band oil pan of several narrow grooves at the edge.
13. a kind of thermoplastic heating and melting drippage combustion testing device with inert gas shielding according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described canister is replaceable; change the size of canister small hole at bottom part diameter, thereby regulate the size that molten thermoplastic liquid drips mass rate downwards.
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