CN102317221A - 硬度降低用组成物 - Google Patents
硬度降低用组成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/083—Mineral agents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种作为组成成分含有水溶性硅石的硬度降低用组成物。本发明的硬度降低用组成物具有在不具备大规模净水设备的地区能以小规模且简单地将硬质水降低为适合饮用的水平的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硬度降低用组成物，由于饮用原水的硬度高，因此不适合作为饮用水饮用，所述硬度降低用组成物用于降低饮用水的硬度供适合饮用的饮用水。本发明的硬度降低用组成物适合用于容量比较小的家庭用净水器。
背景技术
在水处理领域中，根据水的干净程度分为上水、中水以及下水。上水可以用作饮用水或清洁水，中水是再利用已使用一次的水，下水是已被污染的水。
本发明涉及硬度降低用组成物，所述组成物用于将硬度高的上水用原水转换为具有适当硬度的适合饮用的饮用水。
一般的净水处理使用物理方法、化学方法以及生物方法，净水剂是用于顺利地执行所述处理的药剂。
在上水道净水厂，为了降低原水的硬度而具备大规模的净水设施。具备用于絮凝微细悬浮物质的絮凝池、通过沉降作用去除絮凝物质的沉降池、通过筛过滤作用过滤沉降物质的过滤池的净水厂应具备24小时可制造出上水的大规模设备。
在韩国被指定为水处理剂的有：作为絮凝剂有聚氯化铝(poly aluminumchloride)、硫酸铝(aluminum sulfate)等7种；作为灭菌消毒剂有液态氯(LiquidChlorine)等5种；作为其他的制剂有活性炭、沸石(zeolite)、伊利石(Illite)等7种；防锈剂1种等共20种。絮凝剂用于絮凝悬浮在水中而被分散的微粒、胶粒形成大颗粒，然后使之沉淀分离，因伊利石具有吸附性，所以用于去除混浊物。
将自然水作为原水的上水用原水中含有Mg、Ca、Fe等各种矿物质成分，将钙盐和镁盐的含量较多的自然水叫做硬水，含量少的自然水叫做软水。水中的镁及钙离子主要来自硫酸盐、碳酸氢盐、盐酸盐。
以碳酸氢盐存在的，可通过沸腾及沉淀进行软水化处理，因此叫做临时硬水，但是以硫酸盐存在的，使之沸腾也无法沉淀，因此叫做永久硬水。永久硬水用离子交换树脂处理则可以软水化。
硬度是所谓将在水1L中所含有的Mg及Ca的mg数换算为CaCO3的量的值，一般硬度200以上的叫做硬水，100以下的叫做软水。
当水的硬度高时，有苦味，饮用时感觉硬，由此硬度对水的味道及喝水时的柔度带来很大的影响，因此，评价饮用水的品质很重要。
世界各国都定有饮用水的允许硬度基准，世界保健机构(WHO)的推荐规格是500以下，韩国定硬度为300以下。
日本厚生省附属的“美味水研究会”，作为美味水的条件制定9个项目，即硬度10～100mg/L、游离氧3～30mg/L、含硅酸与否等。
硬度与水中含有的2价阳离子的钙以及镁离子的含量比列，周知，硅酸作使水味变好的作用。并且周知作为使水味变坏的成分有硫酸离子、盐酸离子以及镁离子。
水中的钙离子或镁离子主要来自硫酸盐(CaSO4或MgSO4)、盐酸盐(CaCl2或MgCl2)、碳酸氢盐(CaHCO3或MgHCO3)。
上水原水的硬度根据产地不同，但是一般在80～500的范围，作为饮用水适当的硬度范围是60～100。尤其，在石灰岩地区产出的原水硬度往往超过500。
大韩民国专利授权公报10-0330255号公开了将麦饭石粉、煤飞灰材、脱硫石膏以及沸石的混合物燃烧粉碎而制成的水处理用无机物絮凝剂组成物。
所述组成物用于絮凝微细浮游物质，含有脱硫石膏、煤飞灰材等对人体有害的成分，因此不适合用于饮用水处理剂。
大韩民国授权专利公报10-0484561号公开了将沸石、黄土、伊利石以及二氧化钛粉末成型为颗粒状而成的脱臭及重金属除去用水处理剂组成物。但所述组成物不适合用于降低原水硬度的水处理剂。
除此之外，公知的有用离子交换树脂处理而去除硬水中的钙以及镁成分的方法。但是，用离子交换树脂处理将Ca及Mg离子交换为Na离子，则可以去除原水中的大部分硬度成分。
若原水中的硬度成分全部被去除，则水中的对人体有害的矿物质成分也被全部去除，因此如同蒸馏水，没有水味，不适合用作饮用水。为了将该水利用为饮用水，还另外补充矿物成分。
虽然少量，但若人体内缺乏矿物成分则会导致各种疾病，因此人体需要矿物成分。这叫作知矿物(essential minerals)，这些知矿物主要包含于食品和饮用水，并供给到人体。
钙和镁也是知矿物的一种，钙是骨头和牙齿的主要构成成分，有助于血液的凝聚作用。若缺钙，会导致骨质疏松、延缓血液凝固等副作用。钙有助于生产人体的重要代谢物质的三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate，ATP)。即，若原水的硬度过高，则会有苦味，不使用作为饮用水利用，若硬度过低也没有水味，切断对人体有用的矿物成分的供给，因此，为了适合用作饮用水，应需要保持适当水准的硬度。为此，将硬度高的自然水软水化使之适合用作饮用水，此时，钙与镁的含量，硬度不超过100水准，并且需要保持适当水准的硬度。并且，若存在适合于此的净水剂，则在净水领域会非常有用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种为了适合用作饮用水，可降低由于硬度过高而不适合用作饮用水的上水原水的硬度的硬度降低用组成物。
本发明人发现可溶性硅石与原水中的硬度成分的所谓钙及镁离子容易反应而形成硅酸三钙(3CaO，SiO2)以及镁橄榄石(2MgOSiO2)，并确认可利用可溶性硅石容易去除原水中的硬度成分，以达至本发明。
本发明的硬度降低用组成物存在在不具备大规模净水装置的地区，以小规模且简单地将硬度高的上水用原水的硬度降低为适合饮用的水准的效果。
具体实施方式
上水用原水的硬度根据地区不同，但是一般使用硬度为80～180范围的原水。在石灰岩地区的原水其硬度达500以上。为了将硬度过高的硬水作为饮用水饮用，必须将其硬度降低至适当水准的60～100。本发明涉及可利用可溶性硅石降低上水原水中的硬度的硬度降低用组成物。以下，通过实施例具体说明本发明。
实施例1
以在韩国忠北丹阳郡魚上川面的净水厂取的上水原水为对象进行硬度减低性能试验。所述上水原水的组成为如下。
硬度：163.9、钙浓度：49.5ppm、镁浓度：9.8ppm、硫酸离子(SO4 -2)浓度：未检测、硬度＝49.5(钙浓度)×2.5+9.8(钙浓度)×4.1。
在容量18L的饮用水玻璃容器注入所述上水原水10L，其中投入内装有可溶性硅石粉20g的绵料，放置2小时后测量硬度变化。将其结果表示在表1。将所述绵料投入水中之后经过10分钟，则会形成白色微粒沉淀物，同时在容器底部发生沉淀。过滤解除所述沉淀物，则可以利用为适合饮用的饮用水。将所述上水加热至100℃时的硬度变化比较低。分级所述白色微粒沉淀物的结果，可以确认是硅酸钙和硅酸镁的混合物。
本发明中，可溶性硅石是在硅石矿开采之后粉碎成粒度300～400目的粉末并使用，伊利石是在伊利石矿开采之后去除水分，并粉碎成粒度100～200目的粉末并使用。
天然硅石，根据其结晶结构有很多种类，大部分硅石不溶于水。但是，可溶性硅石(3SiO2·H2O)虽然溶解度低但少量会溶解于水。本发明中所使用的可溶性硅石是在江原道横城郡的硅矿产开采的。所述可溶性硅石用作现有一般的硅矿。可溶性硅石对水的溶解度为0.15g/L(20℃)
表1
| 区分 | 硅石处理 | 加热处理 |
| 上水的硬度 | 163.9 | 145 |
| 处理后的残留硬度 | 79.75 | 105 |
| 减低硬度 | 84.15 | 40 |
| 硬度减低率 | 51.39 | 27.6 |
推测原水中的硬度成分的钙离子和镁离子的浓度变低是根据与可溶性硅酸的以下反应式而反应
3SiO2·H2O+H2O→SiO4 -4+H+
Ca+2+SiO2 -4+H2O→3CaO·SiO2(硅酸钙)
Mg+2+SiO2 -4+H2O→2MgOSiO2(硅酸镁)
由于硅酸钙和硅酸镁不容于水，因此可通过沉淀分离。
实施例2
以在韩国江原道宁越郡北面的净水厂取的上水原水为对象进行硬度减低性能试验。所述上水原水的组成为如下。
硬度：187.13、钙浓度：55.5ppm、镁浓度：11.8ppm、硫酸离子(SO4 -2)浓度：152ppm。
准备内装有由可溶性硅石粉20g、碳酸钠(粉末)1.0g、伊利石(粉末)20g组成的硬度降低剂组成物41的绵料。以重量比相当于可溶性硅石48.8wt％、碳酸钠2.4wt％、伊利石48.8wt％。在容量18L的饮用水玻璃容器注入上水原水10L，其中投入绵料放置2小时后测量硬度变化。将其结果表示在表2。将所述上水加热至100℃时的硬度变化比较低。
当Ca离子以CaHCO3形态存在于水中时，即为临时硬水时，与可溶性硅石反应发生硅酸钙沉淀。但是，以CaSO4形态存在时，即为永久硬水时，与可溶性硅石的反应性非常低。此时，有必要加入碳酸钠(Na2CO3)将CaSO4转换为CaHCO3之后，与可溶性硅石反应。
伊利石是已作为水处理剂使用的物质。伊利石由于吸附性能高因此具有吸附除去水中的微细浮游物质及水中微生物的功能。
上水原水也以自然状态取水，所以必须去除微细浮游物质及水中微生物。
表2
| 区分 | 硬度降低剂组成物处理 | 加热处理 |
| 上水的硬度 | 187.13 | 187.13 |
| 处理后的残留硬度 | 93.04 | 136 |
| 降低硬度 | 94.09 | 51.13 |
| 硬度降低率(％) | 50.3 | 27.33 |
处理后的Ca含量为23.5ppm，Mg的含量为4.42ppm。
实施例3
将从实施例2中使用的取水厂取的上水原水为对象进行试验。
准备内装有由可溶性硅石粉22g、碳酸钠1.2g、伊利石20g组成的硬度降低剂组成物的绵料。以重量比相当于可溶性硅石51wt％、碳酸钠2.8wt％、伊利石46.2wt％。在容量18L的饮用水玻璃容器注入上水原水10L，其中投入绵料放置2小时后测量硬度变化。将其结果表示在表3。将所述上水加热至100℃时的硬度变化比较低。
表3
| 区分 | 水处理剂处理 | 加热处理 |
| 上水的硬度 | 120 | 120 |
| 处理后的残留硬度 | 57 | 103 |
| 降低硬度 | 63 | 17 |
| 硬度降低率(％) | 52.5 | 14.2 |
硬度120～200范围的原水中，钙离子浓度为约30～60ppm、镁离子浓度为约10～15ppm范围，可溶性硅石对水的溶解度是0.15g/L左右，所以若在水中保持硅石离子(SiO4 -4)30～120ppm，则可以将水的硬度降低为60～100。
因此，为了降低水中的钙离子和镁离子的浓度，需要将硅石离子(SiO4 -4)的浓度保持在30～120ppm左右。
在由可溶性硅石粉、碳酸钠以及伊利石组成的本发明的硬度降低用组成物中，硅石粉及碳酸钠的组成比可根据原水的硬度及硫酸盐的含量而决定。可溶性硅石粉和伊利石优选以相同的重量比组成。
为了将硬度120～200、硫酸离子浓度100～200ppm的原水保持在硬度60～100，应保持在每10L的水中，硅石粉18～22g、碳酸钠1～1.2g、伊利石18～22g。以重量比相当于可溶性硅石44～54wt％、碳酸钠2.0～3.0wt％、伊利石44～54wt％。
Claims (1)
1.一种硬度降低用组成物，包括：44-54wt％的可溶性硅石粉、2.0-3.0wt％的碳酸钠、44-54wt％的伊利石。
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| BRPI1006685A8 (pt) | 2018-06-26 |
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