CN102312793A - 风力涡轮机塔 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机塔 Download PDF

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CN102312793A
CN102312793A CN201110183243XA CN201110183243A CN102312793A CN 102312793 A CN102312793 A CN 102312793A CN 201110183243X A CN201110183243X A CN 201110183243XA CN 201110183243 A CN201110183243 A CN 201110183243A CN 102312793 A CN102312793 A CN 102312793A
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bolt
joint
wind turbine
turbine tower
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CN102312793B (zh
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C.劳尔森
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Siemens AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • E04H12/085—Details of flanges for tubular masts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49895—Associating parts by use of aligning means [e.g., use of a drift pin or a "fixture"]
    • Y10T29/49901—Sequentially associating parts on stationary aligning means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting
    • Y10T29/49957—At least one part nonmetallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
    • Y10T403/32262—At selected angle
    • Y10T403/32286—Clamping screw traverses sliding complementary arcuate bearing surfaces

Abstract

一种风力涡轮机塔，包括通过螺栓接头相连的多个区段，其中螺栓接头（1）包括至少一个轴承型连接部和至少一个可服务性类型的防滑连接部。

Description

风力涡轮机塔
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机塔，其包括通过螺栓接头相连的多个区段。
背景技术
风力涡轮机塔通常由圆柱形或圆锥形形状的多个区段构成。这些区段在车间进行预制，然后被输送到安装地，在安装地被连接到风力涡轮机塔。典型地，各区段通过螺栓接头相连，该螺栓接头包括连接两个相邻的重叠末段的螺母和螺栓。各区段被提供有沿圆周方向布置的孔，螺栓通过该孔插入以形成螺栓接头。
连接类型和所需螺栓的数量及尺寸由预计负载的量值和具有较低或较高负载的负载循环的数量确定。对于尺寸，特别地，剪切负载是有关联的。
直到目前，典型地，只有“最终极限状态防滑”型的预应力螺栓用于风力涡轮机塔。这种类型的螺栓适合于具有较低的静负载能力和非常高的疲劳能力的应用。在正常操作期间并当发生极限负载时，负载作为摩擦力通过最终极限状态类型的防滑螺栓而被传递。
然而，当使用这种类型的螺栓（在欧洲标准EN 1090中被表示成C型）时，需要多个螺栓，这导致价高的生产成本。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种需要较少螺栓的风力涡轮机塔。
根据本发明，该目的实现于上述限定的风力涡轮机塔中，这是因为螺栓接头包括至少一个轴承型连接部和至少一个可服务性类型（serviceability type）的防滑连接部。
本发明基于的概念是，在风力涡轮机的正常操作期间发生的剪切负载可作为摩擦力而被传递，这种类型的连接部具有非常好的疲劳性能。因此使用轴承型螺栓，这种类型在欧洲标准EN 1090中已知为A型。这种类型的螺栓能够将负载作为剪应力传递到螺栓轴中。优选地，可使用从4.6级直到包括10.9级的螺栓。另外，使用可服务性类型的防滑螺栓（其在欧洲标准EN 1090中被表示成B型）。这种类型的螺栓能够将正常操作期间的负载作为摩擦力进行传递。优选地，可使用从8.8级或10.9级的预紧（预应力）螺栓。极端负载作为剪应力被传递到螺栓轴中。与C型的螺栓相比，需要更少的螺栓，因此用于本发明的风力涡轮机塔的生产成本被降低。
根据本发明，本发明的风力涡轮机塔的轴承型连接部可包括至少一个非预应力螺栓。这种螺栓因其非常高的静负载能力而引人注目，进一步，非常低的疲劳能力是这种螺栓的特点。
在本发明的风力涡轮机塔中，可服务性类型的防滑连接部可包括至少一个预应力螺栓。这种类型的螺栓因中等的静负载能力和中等的疲劳能力而引人注目。
根据本发明的风力涡轮机塔的进一步展开，螺栓接头可包括至少一个轴承型连接部的螺栓和至少两个可服务性类型的防滑螺栓，其中轴承型连接部的螺栓位于可服务性类型的防滑螺栓之间。已经认识到，这种组合适合于静负载并适合于疲劳负载。特别地，轴承型螺栓适合于静负载，而可服务性类型的防滑螺栓具有所需的较高疲劳能力。至少一个轴承型连接部的螺栓和至少两个可服务性类型的防滑螺栓形成螺栓接头的连接部，其中螺栓沿着各区段的圆周方向布置。
优选地，本发明的风力涡轮机塔的至少一个轴承型连接部的螺栓可具有窄孔径公差，而至少一个可服务性类型的防滑螺栓的螺栓具有松孔径公差。
在本发明的风力涡轮机塔中，特别优选的是，两个区段的连接部沿圆周方向包括若干排螺栓。优选地，各螺栓之间具有相等距离。在螺栓头与管状或圆形区段之间可以布置有垫圈，另一垫圈可以布置在螺栓与该区段之间。
当本发明的风力涡轮机塔的两个区段的连接部包括至少一排轴承型连接部的螺栓和至少两排可服务性类型的防滑螺栓时，获得非常好的可靠性，其中轴承型连接部的一排螺栓位于可服务性类型的防滑螺栓排之间。这种连接部形成具有疲劳能力和与风力涡轮机塔的负载模式相匹配的静负载能力的接头。
附图说明
当考虑优选实施例的以下详细描述时，本发明及其基本原理将更好理解。
附图中：
图1示出了本发明的风力涡轮机塔的螺栓接头的横截面图；以及
图2示出了本发明的风力涡轮机塔的连接部的一部分。
具体实施方式
螺栓接头1包括提供有沿圆周方向平行布置的三排孔4的第一区段2和第二区段3。多个区段如图2所示被栓接，以形成风力涡轮机塔。
使用中心的一排轴承型螺栓5，其在欧洲标准EN 1090中被表示成A型。螺栓5并未被预加应力并提供非常高的静负载能力。与其相反，螺栓5具有非常低的疲劳能力，这意味这A型螺栓独自不能提供适于风力涡轮机塔的所需疲劳能力。负载作为剪应力从螺栓5传递到螺栓轴6中。在此情况下，螺栓5属于4.6级螺栓。
另外，螺栓接头1包括两排螺栓7、8，上述排螺栓5布置在两排螺栓7、8之间。螺栓7、8具有松孔径公差，而螺栓5具有窄孔径公差。螺栓7、8具有可服务性类型的防滑性，其在欧洲标准EN 1090中被表示成B型。螺栓7、8为预加应力的螺栓，其显示出中等的静负载能力和中等的疲劳能力。在正常操作期间，负载作为摩擦力传递，极高的负载作为剪应力传递通过螺栓轴。螺栓7、8提供所需的静负载能力，然而，它们在极端负载期间遭受额外剪应力时将屈服。这造成大量预应力，接头将使其疲劳能力松弛。因此，在螺栓接头1中使用螺栓5和螺栓7、8的组合，其具有疲劳能力又具有静负载能力。螺栓7、8属于10.9级螺栓。
在正常操作的许多循环期间，负载传递通过B型的螺栓7、8，在极端负载期间，负载既通过螺栓5又通过螺栓7、8传递，但不会损害螺栓7、8，这是由于螺栓7、8将不会接触区段2、3并承受剪应力。
在附图的螺栓接头1中，有利地使用了螺栓5和螺栓7、8，这导致螺栓5、7、8的所需数量的减少。

Claims (7)

1.一种风力涡轮机塔，包括通过螺栓接头相连的多个区段，其特征在于，螺栓接头（1）包括至少一个轴承型连接部和至少一个可服务性类型的防滑连接部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，所述轴承型连接部包括至少一个未被预加应力的螺栓（5）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，所述可服务性类型的防滑连接部包括至少一个预加应力的螺栓（7、8）。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，所述螺栓接头（1）包括所述轴承型连接部的至少一个螺栓（5）和至少两个可服务性类型的防滑螺栓（7、8），其中所述轴承型连接部的螺栓（5）位于所述可服务性类型的防滑螺栓（7、8）之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，所述轴承型连接部的所述至少一个螺栓（5）具有窄孔径公差，而所述可服务性类型的防滑连接部的至少一个螺栓（7、8）具有松孔径公差。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，两个区段（2、3）的连接部包括沿圆周方向的若干排螺栓（5、7、8）。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机塔，其特征在于，两个区段（2、3）的连接部包括至少一排轴承型连接部的螺栓（5）和至少两排可服务性类型的防滑螺栓（7、8），其中所述轴承型连接部的所述排螺栓（5）位于所述可服务性类型的防滑螺栓排（7、8）之间。
CN201110183243.XA 2010-07-02 2011-07-01 风力涡轮机塔 Expired - Fee Related CN102312793B (zh)

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