CN102304686B - Short-flow efficient production method of pure copper tube - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the metal material field and relates to a short-flow efficient production method of a pure copper tube. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the hot-cold combined moulding and continuous casting technology is adopted to efficiently produce the pure copper tube blank with an axial orientation structure and good inner surface quality and outer surface quality; subsequent shape processing is performed to the tube blank without adopting surface planing treatment; and intermediate annealing is not required in the processing process or little low-temperature annealing is only required, so as to efficiently produce the pure copper tube. The hot-cold combined moulding and continuous casting technology is characterized in that a continuous casting crystallizer is combined by a heated hot moulding section and a cold moulding section which is forced to be cooled by the circulating water, and the solidification interface position of the tube is controlled to be near the borderline of the hot moulding section and the cold moulding section to efficiently prepare the tube blank with high surface quality and an axial orientation structure. The method has the advantages of short production process, low energy consumption, low cost, high yield and high production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field, relate to a kind of short flow high efficiency production method of fine copper straight tube/coil pipe.
Background technology
The characteristics such as pure copper tube has the low temperature intensity height, thermal conductivity is good and corrosion-resistant.The voltage endurance capability of pure copper tube is plastics tubing and aluminium-plastic pipe several times and even tens times, it can bear the highest hydraulic pressure in the current building, and has sterilization effect, therefore the fine copper straight tube is best water supply line, becomes the first-selection of all high-end residential commodity apartment water supply pipes, heat supply, refrigeration piping installation.The fine copper coil pipe that large volume weighs is almost all for refrigeration air-conditioner, mainly as the heat exchanger pipe of vaporizer in the conditioner and condenser.Along with the expansion of air-conditioning manufactory scale and the raising of manufacturing technology, require the substance of coil pipe to be the bigger the better, so not only can enhance productivity, reduce production costs, heavily larger with hour indicator, just better along the consistence of the performance of each point on a few km length and dimensional precision, thereby the identity that has guaranteed copper pipe in " two devices " making processes [is seen: Li Yaoqun, Yi Yinfei, modern bronze pan tube production technology, P.9～10, metallurgical industry press, 2005].
At present, fine copper is straight/and the main production method of coil pipe has 2 kinds: and the first is traditional extrusion production technique, be that semicontinuous ingot casting-hot extrusion-cold rolled tube-straight/dish draws, the characteristics of traditional technology are that quality product is high, but Production Flow Chart is long, lumber recovery is low, and because the restriction of technique of being squeezed, be difficult to produce the fine copper tubing of super Kinds of Heavy Coil; The second is that the 80's of 20th century are by the casting-rolling technology of Finland Outokumpu company exploitation, be that horizontal continuous casting tube blank-planetary rolling-straight/dish draws, compare with traditional extrusion process, owing to adopt continuous cast method directly to prepare copper tube billet, can increase substantially production efficiency, simultaneously, the machining deformation amount of the rolling single pass of three-roller planetary is large, thereby has further improved production efficiency.Flow process significantly shortens, production cost significantly reduces although casting-rolling technology is compared with traditional extrusion process, but also there are the deficiencies such as quality of tube blank steel relatively poor (such as outside surface orange peel, internal surface fold, shrinkage porosite, flourishing radially columanar structure etc.), production technique comparatively complicated (internal surface of bloom brushed mill processing such as needs, outside surface digs skin and processes), energy consumption large (be anneal about 500 ℃ as needing repeatedly temperature in the shaping course of processing).
In addition, produce minor diameter (3～10mm), thin-walled is (aspect the accurate copper pipes such as 0.3～0.7mm) cable tube, cathode tube, thank to build and newly wait the people to develop the short flow process of accurate copper pipe to prepare complete processing and [see: Xie Jianxin, Lou Huafen, Wang Zidong etc., the short flow process preparation technology of copper and copper alloy precision tube, Chinese invention patent, ZL200710065281.9,2009-06-10], be characterized in adopting the thin-wall copper pipe of hot-mold continuous cast method form diameter 15～40mm, wall thickness 1～3mm, then directly coil and draw, produce minor diameter, thin-wall precise tubing.Compare with traditional extrusion process, saved hot extrusion and cold rolled tube operation; Compare with the horizontal casting method, saved the face of milling and planetary rolling operation.Therefore, novel process can significantly shorten flow process, energy efficient, significantly improve lumber recovery, reduce cost, this technique aspect the pipe continuous casting based on hot-mold continuous cast, liquid-solid interface is controlled near the outlet of casting mold, its advantage is: 1. continuous casting tubing surfaces externally and internally bright and clean, can reach mirror status, do not need any processing can be directly used in the cold working such as rolling, drawing; 2. vertically the continuous cylindrical crystalline texture of growth be conducive to follow-up extend axially distortion [Zhang Hong, Xie Jianxin, Wang Zidong, Wang Hao, the tissue after continuous directional solidification copper rod and the cold working thereof and mechanical property. mechanical engineering material, 2004,28(2): 31-33].
Copper pipe continuous up-casting technology [seeing: Yang Wenli etc., the processing method of drawing-continuous casting-stretch production oxygen-free copper pipe, Chinese invention patent, CN93115264.X, 1993-12-11] based on hot-mold continuous cast also has above-mentioned advantage equally.
And adopt Ohno Continuous Casting Process to produce the problem that pipe exists be: 1. can only realize minor diameter (≤Ф 50mm), thin-walled (≤3mm) continuous casting of tubing is shaped, and casting speed is slower, production efficiency is lower, is fit to the production of the accurate Tubing of high quality; 2. since solid-liquid interface near casting mold outlet, technique controlling difficulty is larger, the bleedout accident occurs easily.
In order to solve the problem such as the low and easy bleedout of pipe surface quality that common horizontal casting exists production efficiency poor and radially column crystal problem and hot-mold continuous cast existence, the people such as applicant developed hot cold combination casting mold horizontal continuous casting technology [see: thank build new etc., a kind of copper-nickel alloy tubing cold combination casting mold horizontal continuous casting process of heat and equipment, Chinese invention patent, CN 101966564 A, 2010-10-09], its principle is that casting mold is comprised of heating zone and cooling section, heating zone adopts heating unit to force heating, and cooling section adopts water cooling copper sleeve to force cooling, sets up higher axial-temperature gradient in forward position, tubing freezing interface thus.The advantage of this technology is: (1) continuous casting tubing dense structure and the columanar structure that has vertically orientation are conducive to the follow-up extensional that extends axially processing (such as rolling, drawing); (2) the tubing surfaces externally and internally is superior in quality, without orange peel, fold, defects i.e.cracks, does not need surfaces externally and internally to mill face and can directly carry out follow-up cold machine-shaping; (3) the liquid-solid interface span of control is large, allows to adopt larger casting speed, and realizes the continuous casting of larger diameter and wall thickness tubing.This technology be developed as copper and the copper-alloy pipe-material High-efficient Production provides brand-new approach.The hot cold combination casting mold horizontal continuous casting technology of the employings such as patent applicant prepares the copper-nickel alloy pipe, in conjunction with specific following process and annealing process, developed copper-nickel alloy tubing the short flow high efficiency production method [see: thank build new etc., a kind of short-flow high-efficiency production method for white brass alloy pipes, Chinese invention patent, application number: 201110064777.0,2011-03-17].But also there is following problem in this invention: the one, because the fusing point of copper-nickel alloy alloy is higher, for obtaining required pattern of fever temperature, pattern of fever has adopted high-frequency induction heating, but the net horsepower factor of high-frequency induction heating is lower, cause pattern of fever when heating energy consumption larger, increased production cost; The 2nd, because fine copper and copper-nickel alloy chemical ingredients differ larger, continuous casting, shaping processing and heat treatment process parameter differ larger.For example, the fusing point of fine copper is lower, better mobile when casting; The fine copper thermal conductivity is 10 times of B19 copper-nickel alloy approximately; Fine copper is shaped, and to add the man-hour resistance to deformation less.For above-mentioned reasons, the continuous casting that this invention provides, shape with the process parameters range such as thermal treatment and only be fit to the production of copper-nickel alloy tubing, and can not apply to the production of fine copper tubing.Therefore, solve the problems referred to above that present fine copper tubing production exists, need to be according to the own characteristic of fine copper tubing, by further investigation, invent a kind of heating means more efficient energy-saving, need not process annealing or only need a small amount of low-temperature annealing, be fit to fine copper continuous casting, processing and heat treated special process.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel method of lacking flow process, High-efficient Production fine copper tubing, the method can shorten fine copper straight tube/coil pipe technological process of production, reduces production costs.
A kind of short flow high efficiency production method of fine copper tubing, technical scheme is: the hot cold combination casting mold and the continuous casting technology that adopt a kind of less energy-consumption, High-efficient Production has axial orientation tissue, the superior in quality fine copper pipe of surfaces externally and internally, do not carrying out directly pipe being carried out post forming processing under the plane skin disposition of surface, need not carry out process annealing in the shaping course of processing or only need a small amount of low-temperature annealing, High-efficient Production fine copper tubing.The characteristics of the cold combination casting mold of described heat continuous casting are continuous cast mold by heated pattern of fever section and are recycled water to force the cold mould section of cooling to combine, be positioned near the intersection of pattern of fever section and cold mould section by control position, tubing freezing interface, realize efficient preparation great surface quality, have the pipe of axial orientation tissue.
Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: adopting hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter is Ф 20～120mm, wall thickness is the fine copper pipe of 3～30mm, its technique is: 1100～1200 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1100～1250 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1100～1180 ℃ of pattern of fever (casting mold heating) temperature, the pattern of fever section adopts resistive heating, heating power 3～6kW; Cold mould water coolant (water cooling copper sleeve) flow 400～800L/h, pulling speed 50～300mm/min;
Step 2: different according to two class straight tube classes and coil pipe class pipe material product, adopt two kinds of different subsequent machining technologies: (1) fine copper straight tube production process, it is cold rolling or three-roller planetary is rolling pipe described in the step 1 directly can be carried out multi-pass, rolling total deformation 50%～95%, single pass heavy deformation≤20%～30% when wherein adopting multi-pass cold rolling, single pass heavy deformation≤95% when adopting three-roller planetary rolling; In the cold rolling operation of rolling of multi-pass, can carry out low temperature recovery annealing (process annealing); to guarantee that the existing good cold-forming property of tubing keeps again the orientation tissue; 200～400 ℃ of annealing temperatures; annealing time 0.5～2h, Annealing Protection atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen can not annealed yet; decide (when cumulative deformation reaches 90% left and right sides on the machining deformation degree; can once anneal), by the producible fine copper straight tube of above-mentioned technique diameter Ф 6～54mm, wall thickness 0.6～6mm.
(2) fine copper coil pipe production process, it is 50%～70% the cold rolling or three-roller planetary rolling deformation of multi-pass that pipe is carried out total deformation, the pipe after rolling draws or three finishing before drawing in row once dish drawing through series winding again, obtains the coil pipe base that draws for follow-up dish; Coil pipe base after the finishing can carry out low temperature recovery annealing, 200～400 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 0.5～2h, Annealing Protection atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen, can not anneal yet, decide (when cumulative deformation reaches 90% left and right sides, can once anneal) on the machining deformation degree; Adopt plate drawing machine that unannealed or annealed coil pipe base is carried out follow-up dish and pull into shape, follow-up dish is evened up equal passage coefficient of extension 1.35～1.55, dish pulling rate degree 1～1000m/min, but production of copper coil diameter Ф 4～35mm, wall thickness 0.3～6mm.
Step 3: adopt the tubing after horizontal winding machine draws the step 2 mid-game to carry out after-combustion, the fine copper straight tube then directly enters next step.
Step 4: the fine copper straight tube adopts roller bottom type continuous bright annealing furnace; the fine copper coil pipe adopts building formula annealing furnace to anneal; 300～500 ℃ of annealing temperatures; the furnace gas protective atmosphere adopts take nitrogen as main; nitrogen, the hydrogen mixed gas of hydrogen content lower (≤3%) adopt the higher shielding gas of purity to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200～350 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.3～0.6 MPa.
Process characteristic:
1, the resistive heating that adds the thermal recovery less energy-consumption of the pattern of fever section of the cold combination casting mold of described heat continuous casting is compared with induction heating, and capacity usage ratio is high, can significantly reduce energy expenditure, reduces production costs.
2, pipe need not to carry out process annealing in the post forming course of processing, or only needs a small amount of low-temperature annealing (200～400 ℃ of annealing temperatures), can energy saving, reduce cost, raise the efficiency.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the fine copper tubing that adopts hot cold combination casting mold horizontal continuous casting process production is as blank, because this blank surfaces externally and internally quality is high, (outside surface revolves and mills need not carry out the surfaces externally and internally processing, the internal surface brush mills), can directly carry out follow-up rollingly, reduce operation, improve lumber recovery;
2, production method provided by the present invention and subsequent machining technology thereof are compared with present fine copper tubing production method, and Production Flow Chart is shortened, Energy Intensity Reduction, and production efficiency improves.Compare with the conventional extruded production technique, removed extrusion process and supporting large energy consumption equipment with it, shortened flow process; Compare with casting and roll process, because the pipe that casting and roll process production is adopted has flourishing radially columanar structure, this kind pipe is because plastic deformation ability is relatively poor, and it is less to carry out continuously cold worked deflection in unannealed situation, so production efficiency is lower; And pipe of the present invention has vertically the tissue of orientation, in extending axially processing (rolling and dish draws) process, can keep preferably plastic working ability and need not or only need a small amount of process annealing to process, so the production efficiency height;
3, the present invention is directed to the fine copper fusing point characteristics lower than copper-nickel alloy, adopt the resistive heating pattern of fever, compare with the productive technology of short flow of copper-nickel alloy, significantly reduced energy consumption, be conducive to reduce production costs;
4, production method process annealing number of times provided by the present invention significantly reduces, and annealing temperature also significantly reduces, even need not process annealing, not only more is conducive to save energy, and is conducive to enhance productivity.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:Be of a size of the production method of Ф 54 * 6mm fine copper straight tube
1. adopt hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter Ф 120 * 30mm pipe, 1150 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1150 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1150 ℃ of pattern of fever (casting mold heating) temperature, cold mould water coolant (water cooling copper sleeve) flow 800L/h, pulling speed 150mm/min.
2. it is cold rolling pipe prepared in the step 1 to be carried out three roller periodics of 4～8 passages, and average pass deformation is 20%, and each pass deformation reduces gradually with the increase of cumulative deformation, can not carry out process annealing in the operation of rolling.
3. will roll rear tubing and carry out clean annealing, 450 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 40min; furnace gas protective atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen adopts pure nitrogen gas to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.4 MPa.
Embodiment 2:Be of a size of the production method of Ф 6 * 0.6mm fine copper straight tube
1. adopt hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter Ф 50 * 5mm pipe, 1150 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1150 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1130 ℃ of pattern of fever (casting mold heating) temperature, cold mould water coolant (water cooling copper sleeve) flow 450L/h, pulling speed 200mm/min.
2. pipe prepared in the step 1 is carried out a time planetary rolling, total deformation 90～95%.
3. will roll rear tubing and carry out clean annealing, 450 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 30min; furnace gas protective atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen adopts pure nitrogen gas to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.4 MPa.
Embodiment 3:Be of a size of the production method of Ф 35 * 6mm fine copper coil pipe
1. adopt hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter Ф 100 * 15mm pipe, 1150 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1150 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1150 ℃ of pattern of fever (casting mold heating) temperature, cold mould water coolant (water cooling copper sleeve) flow 700L/h, pulling speed 150mm/min.
2. pipe prepared in the step 1 is carried out a time planetary rolling, total deformation 40%～90%.
3. the series winding that the pipe after will rolling carries out 1～3 passage draws or three draws, deflection 15%～25%, and purpose is that tubing is coiled finishing before drawing.
4. adopt inverted plate drawing machine to coil and draw, average passage coefficient of extension is 1.4, and the stretching passage is 3～4 passages, dish pulling rate degree 500m/min.
5. adopt the tubing after horizontal winding machine draws dish to carry out after-combustion.
6. fine copper coil pipe material is carried out clean annealing, 400 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 40min; furnace gas protective atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen adopts pure nitrogen gas to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.4 MPa.
Embodiment 4:Be of a size of the production method of Ф 4 * 0.3mm fine copper coil pipe
1. adopt hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter Ф 50 * 5mm pipe, 1150 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1150 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1130 ℃ of pattern of fever (casting mold heating) temperature, cold mould water coolant (water cooling copper sleeve) flow 450L/h, pulling speed 200mm/min.
2. pipe prepared in the step 1 is carried out a time planetary rolling, total deformation 50%～95%.
3. the series winding that the tubing after will rolling carries out 1～3 passage draws or three draws, deflection 15%～25%, and purpose is that tubing is coiled finishing before drawing.
4. the pipe after the finishing is carried out low temperature recovery annealing, annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and annealing time is 30min, protective atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen.
5. adopt inverted plate drawing machine to coil and draw, average passage coefficient of extension is 1.4, and the stretching passage is 4～6 passages, dish pulling rate degree 500m/min.
6. adopt the tubing after horizontal winding machine draws dish to carry out after-combustion.
7. the tubing after dish being drawn carries out clean annealing, 400 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 30min; furnace gas protective atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen adopts pure nitrogen gas to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.4 MPa.
Claims (1)
1. the short flow high efficiency production method of a fine copper tubing, it is characterized in that continuous cast mold by heated pattern of fever section and be recycled water forcing the cold mould section of cooling to combine, be positioned near the intersection of pattern of fever section and cold mould section by control position, tubing freezing interface, realize efficient preparation great surface quality, have the pipe of axial orientation tissue; Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: adopting hot cold combination casting mold horizontal casting to prepare diameter is Ф 20～120mm, wall thickness is the fine copper pipe of 3～30mm, its technique is: 1100～1200 ℃ of copper liquid temperature of fusion, 1100～1250 ℃ of holding temperatures, 1100～1180 ℃ of pattern of fever temperature, the pattern of fever section adopts resistive heating, heating power 3～6kW; Cold mould water cooling copper sleeve cooling water flow 400～800L/h, pulling speed 50～300mm/min;
Step 2: different according to two class straight tube classes and coil pipe class pipe material product, adopt two kinds of different subsequent machining technologies: (1) fine copper straight tube production process, it is cold rolling or three-roller planetary is rolling that pipe described in the step 1 is directly carried out multi-pass, rolling total deformation 50%～95%, single pass heavy deformation≤20% when wherein adopting multi-pass cold rolling, single pass heavy deformation≤95% when adopting three-roller planetary rolling; In the cold rolling operation of rolling of multi-pass, carry out low temperature recovery annealing, keep again orientation tissue, 200～400 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 0.5～2h, Annealing Protection atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen to guarantee the existing good cold-forming property of tubing; Producible fine copper straight tube diameter Ф 6～54mm, wall thickness 0.6～6mm;
(2) fine copper coil pipe production process, it is 50%～70% the cold rolling or three-roller planetary rolling deformation of multi-pass that pipe is carried out total deformation, the pipe after rolling draws or three finishing before drawing in row once dish drawing through series winding again, obtains the coil pipe base that draws for follow-up dish; Coil pipe base after the finishing carries out low temperature recovery annealing, 200～400 ℃ of annealing temperatures, annealing time 0.5～2h, Annealing Protection atmosphere 2% hydrogen+surplus nitrogen; Adopt plate drawing machine that annealed coil pipe base is carried out follow-up dish and pull into shape, follow-up dish is evened up equal passage coefficient of extension 1.35～1.55, dish pulling rate degree 1～1000m/min, but production of copper coil diameter Ф 4～35mm, wall thickness 0.3～6mm;
Step 3: adopt horizontal winding machine that the tubing that the step 2 mid-game pulls into after the shape is carried out after-combustion, the fine copper straight tube then directly enters next step;
Step 4: the fine copper straight tube adopts roller bottom type continuous bright annealing furnace; the fine copper coil pipe adopts building formula annealing furnace to anneal; 300～500 ℃ of annealing temperatures; the furnace gas protective atmosphere adopts take nitrogen as main; the nitrogen of hydrogen content≤3%, hydrogen mixed gas adopt the higher shielding gas of purity to carry out interior purging, the sweeping gas continuous gas entry in the pipe; 200～350 ℃ of initial purging temperature, gaseous tension are 0.3～0.6 MPa.
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| CN102719772B (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2013-08-07 | 北京科技大学 | Copper material with two different surface roughnesses and asymmetrical gradient distribution and forming method thereof |
| CN107937849B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-09-13 | 福州大学 | A kind of annealing process of TU2 tubing |
| CN108393451A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-14 | 广东海亮铜业有限公司 | A kind of air-conditioning and cooling monocrystalline seamless copper pipe production equipment and its technique |
| CN109909315B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-08-28 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Processing technology of high-precision thin-wall pure aluminum or aluminum alloy pipe |
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| DE4332136A1 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-23 | Mannesmann Ag | Manufacturing process for seamless tubes made of non-ferrous metals, especially copper and copper alloys |
| IT1316715B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-04-24 | A M T Robotics S R L | PROCEDURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF METAL TUBES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT |
| CN100496808C (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2009-06-10 | 中铝洛阳铜业有限公司 | Short flow-path production of copper and copper alloy precise pipe |
| CN101698207B (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-07-20 | 无锡隆达金属材料有限公司 | Method for producing copper alloy coil pipe |
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