CN102300703A - 用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板的蜂窝芯体结构 - Google Patents
用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板的蜂窝芯体结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板的蜂窝芯体结构(202),所述蜂窝芯体结构包括至少一个具有蜂窝芯体(A,B)的块体,所述蜂窝芯体具有中央部分(5a,5b)和至少两个侧部(9a,9b),所述中央部分具有蜂窝芯体单元(7a,7b),每个侧部包括多个蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b),至少一部分所述蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b)具有至少一个附加壁(201a,201b)以形成连接,所述蜂窝芯体块(A,B)通过至少一个连接区(213)连接,所述连接区(213)通过对彼此叠加且由属于不同侧部(9a,9b)的蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b)提供的两个附加壁201a和201b进行穿孔而形成。本发明还涉及一种包括该结构(202)的结构板和机舱,以及一种该结构(202)的制造方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板的蜂窝芯体结构。
本发明还涉及一种包括这种蜂窝芯体结构的板和机舱,以及一种制造该结构的方法。
飞机的涡轮喷气发动机由机舱环绕,以保护它们并确保它们正常运转。该机舱由非结构板和结构板构成的壁组成。结构板保证机舱具有足够的刚度。为此,结构板通常含有一层或多层蜂窝芯体结构(俗称“蜂窝”结构)。这些层一般在其所谓外表面和内表面上覆盖有表层,该外表面即距发动机轴线的径向距离最远的表面,该内表面即距离发动机轴线的径向距离最近的表面。
该结构板通过如下方式组装而成:布置不同的表层和层,然后将这些表层和层粘贴于具有所需形状的模子中。将该组件在炉子中固化以压紧各层且聚合粘结剂。
同时,涡轮发动机产生大量的噪声污染。因此强烈需要减少该污染。所使用的涡轮喷气发动机的功率越来越大使得更有必要减少该污染。
为此,使用的部分板是吸音结构板,其各层通常在外表面覆盖不透气的表层(被称为“实心的”),在内表面覆盖可透气的穿孔表层(被称为“吸音的”)。
吸音结构板还能够包括多层蜂窝芯体结构,在该多层蜂窝芯体结构间放置了一层称为“隔板”的多孔表层。在板组装/胶合阶段时,通过加热将该表层粘结于蜂窝芯体结构之间。
这种板构成了声谐振器,能够“吸收”噪音,因此能够降低传向机舱外的噪声。
按已知的方式,蜂窝芯体结构包括至少一个蜂窝芯体块,该蜂窝芯体块包括中央部分和两个侧部,该中央部分具有蜂窝芯体单元,每一个侧部具有多个蜂窝连接单元。
吸音结构板的吸音性质,即基于噪声频率和级别的噪声吸收率,特别依赖于蜂窝芯体块的连接。
蜂窝连接单元的连接通常通过使用具有极强膨胀能力的发泡粘合剂(比如FM410粘合剂)来实现。蜂窝芯体块的相邻的边缘被涂上粘合剂,当它膨胀时会通过生成过大的厚度来阻塞蜂窝单元。
从工业角度看,使用粘合剂需要太长的布置时间和裁剪过大厚度的时间。
进一步地,过大的厚度有下列缺点:减小蜂窝芯体结构的有效吸音面,以及会导致阻抗的突然间断,这造成吸音板在涡轮发动机运行时的吸音性能的下降。
从申请EP 1 889 713也已知一种蜂窝芯体结构,其蜂窝连接单元包括附加的连接壁。所述“蜂窝连接壁”不参与蜂窝单元的形成,其连接通过如下的方式实现:叠加属于两个不同连接区的蜂窝连接单元的附加连接壁,并且螺旋扭转如此叠加的所述两个附加的连接壁。
然而,这种蜂窝芯体结构制造很复杂。
所以,本发明的一个目的是提供一种容易制造且有效的、具有连接区的蜂窝芯体结构。
为此,根据第一方面,本发明涉及一种用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板的蜂窝芯体结构,该结构包括至少一个具有蜂窝芯体的块体,所述蜂窝芯体具有中央部分和至少两个侧部,所述中央部分具有蜂窝芯体单元,每个侧部包括多个蜂窝连接单元,至少一部分所述蜂窝连接单元具有至少一个附加壁以形成连接,其特征在于,所述蜂窝芯体块通过至少一个连接区连接,所述连接区通过对彼此叠加且由属于不同侧部的蜂窝连接单元提供的两个附加壁进行穿孔而形成。
本发明结构包括至少一个连接区,该连接区通过对彼此叠加且由属于不同侧部的蜂窝连接单元提供的两个附加壁进行穿孔而形成。因此,该连接区易于实现,因为其通过对两个蜂窝连接单元的两个壁进行穿孔形成。与现有技术相比,该结构的生产时间也降低了,且本发明结构不需要精加工,比如切削。
而且,如本发明中通过穿孔实现连接确保了所述结构的有效连接,同时可节约包括本发明结构的板的质量。
从声学角度看,根据本发明的形成结构的连接不需要使用粘合剂或其他任何阻塞蜂窝单元的材料。因此,当这些板具有声学吸音功能时,连接区的阻抗间断被减弱甚至消除。
根据本发明,通过穿孔连接也可以不影响蜂窝单元的完整性,因此不影响所得到的蜂窝芯体结构的结构性能。
此外,这种连接能够用于由蜂窝芯体块构成的蜂窝芯体结构,该蜂窝芯体块由不同的尺寸和形状的蜂窝单元构成。
根据本发明的其他特征,本发明结构包括一个或多个下列可选特征,它们可以单独地或根据所有可能的组合加以考虑:
-该附加壁是展开的,这使得穿孔更容易实施,
-该附加壁的长度大于穿孔的直径而小于或等于蜂窝芯体的蜂窝单元的边的长度,
-该蜂窝连接单元和芯体单元由金属、合金或一种可以制造该蜂窝芯体单元和连接单元的复合材料构成,
-本发明结构包括具有限定多个连接区的蜂窝芯体的多个块体,这使得可以将结构板调节到希望的机械强度,以及如果可行的话将结构板调节到期望的吸音特性。
-本发明结构具有连接到其上的一个蜂窝芯体块,这使得可以节约生产时间。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及一种结构板,其特征为在于,该结构板包括根据本发明的结构。
优选地,本发明的板是吸音板。
根据第三方面,本发明涉及一种机舱,其特征在于,该机舱包括根据本发明的板。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及一种制造根据本发明的蜂窝芯体结构的方法,其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤:
A-在具有蜂窝芯体的至少一个块体的侧部蜂窝单元上形成至少一个附加壁,所述蜂窝芯体限定环绕着中央部分的两个侧部;
B-在属于两个独立侧部的蜂窝连接单元上将所述附加壁至少部分叠加;
C-通过对经由穿孔装置叠加的附加壁进行穿孔来将所述蜂窝芯体块连接起来,以形成所述蜂窝芯体结构。
根据一个优选实施例,在步骤A中,所述附加壁通过基本上横向切割具有蜂窝芯体的块体形成,其中蜂窝单元是展开的。
根据一个优选替代实施例,在步骤B中,当所述蜂窝连接单元和/或芯体单元未展开时,将所述附加壁叠加。
根据另一优选替代实施例,在步骤C中,穿孔装置为打眼钳。
通过阅读下列参考附图的非限定的描述,可更容易理解本发明:
图1是根据本发明的单层结构板的截面图。
图2是根据本发明的双层结构板的截面图。
图3是根据本发明的结构的顶视图。
图4是图3中区域IV的放大图。
图5到图7是图4的替换实施例。
如图1所示,根据本发明的单层吸音板类型的结构板1包括由一个或多个块体构成的根据本发明的蜂窝芯体结构2,在此情形中为两个块体,该块体具有连接到一起的蜂窝芯体A和B。在本发明的结构2具有多个块体、该块体具有限定多个连接区的蜂窝芯体A、B的情况下,可以将本发明的结构板1调节至所需的机械强度,以及在可行情况下将其调节到所需的吸音性能。根据一个优选的实施例,本发明结构包括具有连接到其上的蜂窝芯体的单个块体。这样,得到一个单独的连接区域,这使得可以节约制造本发明结构的时间。
蜂窝芯体结构2被夹在内表层3和外表层4之间。
这两个具有蜂窝芯体A、B的块体包括中心部分5和多个侧部(通常情况下),在该情形下为两个侧部9a,9b,该中心部分5包括蜂窝芯体单元7a,7b,每一个侧部包括多个蜂窝连接单元11a,11b。每个块体A和B的蜂窝连接单元11a,11b相互连接,以形成连接区13,其特征详述如下。
块体可具有任何几何形状,包括基本上正方形或椭圆形。侧部被设置在所述块体或中央部分的边缘之间。因此,当块体基本上为正方形或矩形时,所述块体可具有多达四个侧壁。一般地,多个块体间的连接区可在所述块体的部分或全部边缘上形成。
如图3和图4所示,蜂窝芯体单元7a,7b和蜂窝连接单元11a,11b在该情形下具有六边形截面,从而形成所谓的蜂窝结构。蜂窝单元7a,7b和11a,11b可以具有除六边形外的任何几何形状的截面。当蜂窝单元7a,7b和11a,11b因此形成与截面形状无关的所谓的蜂窝结构时,所述蜂窝单元7a,7b和11a,11b被称为“展开的”。当所述单元7a,7b和11a,11b呈片状,即非蜂窝形状时,所述蜂窝单元7a,7b和11a,11b被称为“未展开的”。
如图1所示,块体A的蜂窝芯体单元7a和连接单元11a的截面例如能够小于块体B的蜂窝芯体单元7b和连接单元11b的截面,以满足由制造者提出的声学约束条件或和/或机械约束条件。
优选地,蜂窝连接单元11a,11b和芯体单元7a,7b由金属、合金或复合材料制成,以利于蜂窝芯体单元7a,7b和连接单元11a,11b的制造,并使连接单元11a,11b具有良好的强度。构成内表层3的材料能够由金属材料(如铝或钛)或纤维制成,构成外表层4的材料能够是金属材料(如铝或钛)或多层复合材料。
如图1所示的结构板1为吸音板。在此情形下,内表层3包括孔15,该孔15位于蜂窝芯体单元7a,7b和连接单元11a,11b的对面。这样,该结构板1用于吸收涡轮喷气发动机运转而产生的令人厌烦的声音。
在如图2所示出的替代方案中,结构板101是根据本发明的双层板,包括两层具有蜂窝芯体的块体,分别由块体A,B和A’,B’组成。所述层使用已知手段组合到一起,并夹在内表层103和外表层104之间(与图1中的类似)。构成结构板101的其他元件与图1中所示的结构板1的那些元件相同,相应的附图标记也相同。
根据一个替代实施例,可以获得包括层数大于2(尤其大于或等于3)的多层蜂窝芯体块的结构板。
在该双层板中,一方面采用一个或多个连接区113将蜂窝芯体块A,B连接在一起,另一方面采用一个或多个连接区113将蜂窝芯体块A’,B’连接在一起。
类似于如图1和图2中所示的板1和101的吸音板的工作原理本身是已知的;板1,101用于安装到飞行器机舱的内壁上,以使内表层3,103被置于位于所述机舱中的发动机的对面。
该发动机发出的噪音通过位于内表层3,103的孔15穿透蜂窝单元A,B,并在这些构成声谐振器的蜂窝芯体单元7a,7b和连接单元11a,11b内振动,从而可以耗散声能,进而降低噪声级别。为了改进吸音性能,可以在结构板101的具有蜂窝芯体A,B和A’,B’的两层块体间应用穿孔的表层(也称为隔板),以使块体A’和B’的蜂窝芯体单元7a’,7b’和连接单元11a’,11b’也构成声谐振器。
如图3和图4所示,在本发明结构202中,蜂窝连接单元11a和11b具有至少一个能够形成连接区213的附加壁201a和201b。
蜂窝芯体块A和B通过至少一个连接区213连接,该连接区213通过对两个彼此叠加且来自属于不同侧部9a和9b(见图3和图4)的蜂窝连接单元11a和11b的附加壁201a和201b进行穿孔而形成。本发明上下文中使用的穿孔使得可以在该连接区形成空腔。
穿孔能够以相对于基本上彼此叠加的附加壁201a和201b的任何角度进行,只要所述角度适于使得附加壁201a和201b的穿孔有效进行即可。在图3和图4所示的实施例中,相对于基本上叠加的附加壁201a和201b的穿孔角基本等于90°。
根据一个优选实施例,将附加壁201a和201b展开以获取较好的重叠效果。这样,可改善并利于穿孔。
根据一个替代实施例,附加壁201a和201b未展开,特别是当所述壁沿“带状”方向203形成,该方向对应于蜂窝芯体块A,B在展开前(见图3)的方向时。“展开”方向204对应于一个垂直于带状203方向的方向(见图3)。“展开”方向204通常可以形成被称为“展开的”蜂窝单元7a,7b和11a,11b,即蜂窝结构。
附加壁201a和201b基本上是平坦的或微曲的。
优选地,附加壁201a和201b的长度大于穿孔直径,且小于或等于蜂窝芯体的蜂窝单元的边长。附加壁的长度可以基本相同或不同。
图3和图4所示的实施例中,穿孔是在具有特定结构的蜂窝芯体块A和B上进行的。特别地,附加壁201a和201b安装在由蜂窝连接单元11a,11b形成的六边形的边缘上。根据一个替代实施例,附加壁201a和201b能够被设置在蜂窝连接单元11a,11b的一侧或边缘上。根据另一实施例,蜂窝单元具有两个或更多个附加壁201a,201b。
在图4所示实施例中,穿孔附加壁201a和201b具有孔220,该孔通过打孔机刺穿形成且由周界221环绕。图4所示情形中,周界221基本呈漏斗状。该周界221能够通过本领域技术人员公知的打孔机获得。该周界能够是或多或少自折叠的,以形成如图5所示的钩321。这样的弯曲周界321,例如可以由与可以将周界221弯曲的附加尖端部件相关的打孔机获得。图5所示的弯曲周界的存在使连接区的机械强度更好。
附加壁201a和201b的覆盖方向可以是有规律的。因此,有规律地,属于蜂窝连接单元11b(属于其中一个块体B)的附加壁201b,能够系统地至少部分地覆盖属于蜂窝连接单元11a(属于另一块体A)的附加壁201a(见图3)。根据一个替代实施例,附加壁201b基本覆盖附加壁201a,或者可选地,附加壁201a基本覆盖附加壁201b。根据另一替代实施例,附加壁的覆盖方向是没有规律的(见图6)。
此外,穿孔可以沿单个方向进行,或交替地沿一个方向然后沿另一个方向进行,或者无规律地沿一个方向然后沿其他方向进行(见图7)。
根据本发明的另一方面,制造蜂窝芯体结构2,102和202的方法通过一种包括如下步骤的生产方法获得:
A-在具有蜂窝芯体A,B的至少一个块体的侧部蜂窝单元11a,11b上形成至少一个附加壁201a,201b,该蜂窝芯体A,B限定环绕中央部分5a,5b的两个侧部9a,9b;
B-在属于两个独立侧部9a和9b的蜂窝连接单元11a和11b上将附加壁201a,201b至少部分叠加;
C-通过对经由穿孔装置叠加的附加壁201a,201b进行穿孔来将蜂窝芯体块A,B连接起来,以形成根据本发明的蜂窝芯体结构2,102和202。
根据一个优选实施例,在步骤A中,附加壁201a,201b通过基本上横向地切割具有蜂窝芯体A,B的块体、以及展开的蜂窝连接单元11a,11b和/或芯体单元7a,7b形成,即这些壁基本是展开的以形成蜂窝结构。在一个替代实施例中,附加壁201a和201b无论是否展开都被固定在连接单元11a,11b上。根据另一替代实施例,附加壁201a和201b在蜂窝连接单元11a和11b形成期间形成,且无论蜂窝连接单元11a和11b是否是展开的。
根据另一实施例,在步骤B中,当蜂窝连接单元11a,11b和/或芯体单元7a,7b未展开时将附加壁201a,201b叠加,该叠加能够通过手动或自动完成。
根据一个实施例,在步骤C中,穿孔装置为打眼钳。
根据本发明的方法还可包括附加的步骤D,在该步骤D中根据本发明的结构板可通过如下方式形成:将穿孔的或未穿孔的内表层3,103和外表层4,104应用且固定到本发明的结构2,102和202上。该固定可以通过使用任何本领域技术人员已知的任何手段,特别是通过粘合。也可以在进行步骤D前将两个相同或不同的结构2,102,202叠加。在这种情况下,可以将隔板应用且固定在根据本发明的如此叠加的两个结构之间。该固定可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何手段,特别是通过粘合。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于喷气发动机机舱的结构板(1;101)的蜂窝芯体结构(2;102;202),所述蜂窝芯体结构包括至少一个具有蜂窝芯体(A,B)的块体,所述蜂窝芯体具有中央部分(5a,5a’,5b,5b’)和至少两个侧部(9a,9a’,9b,9b’),所述中央部分具有蜂窝芯体单元(7a,7a’,7b,7b’),每个侧部包括多个蜂窝连接单元(11a,11a’,11b,11b’),至少一部分所述蜂窝连接单元(11a,11a’,11b,11b’)具有至少一个附加壁(201a,201b)以形成连接,其特征在于,所述蜂窝芯体块(A,B)通过至少一个连接区(13;113;213)连接,所述连接区(13;113;213)通过对彼此叠加且由属于不同侧部(9a,9b)的蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b)提供的两个附加壁(201a,201b)进行穿孔而形成。
2.如前述权利要求所述的结构(2;102;202),其特征在于,所述附加壁(201a,201b)是展开的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的结构(2;102;202),其特征在于,所述附加壁(201a,201b)的长度大于穿孔的直径而小于或等于所述蜂窝芯体的蜂窝单元的边的长度。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的结构(2;102;202),其特征在于,所述蜂窝连接单元(11a,11a’,11b,11b’)和所述蜂窝芯体单元(7a,7a’,7b,7b’)由金属、合金或复合材料制成。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的结构(2;102;202),其特征在于,所述蜂窝芯体结构包括具有限定多个连接区(13;113;213)的蜂窝芯体的多个块体(A,B)。
6.如权利要求1到4中任一项所述的结构(2;102;202),其特征在于,该结构含具有连接到其上的一个蜂窝芯体块。
7.一种用于涡轮喷气发动机机舱的结构板(1;101),其特征在于,该结构板包括至少一个如前述权利要求中任一项所述的蜂窝芯体结构(2;102;202)。
8.如前述权利要求所述的板(1;101),其特征在于,该板是吸音板。
9.一种包括如权利要求7或8所述的结构板(1;101)的喷气发动机机舱。
10.一种制造如权利要求1到6中任一项所述的蜂窝芯体结构(2;102;202)的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下的步骤:
A-在具有蜂窝芯体的至少一个块体(A,B)的侧部蜂窝单元(11a,11a’,11b,11b’)上形成至少一个附加壁(201a,201b),所述蜂窝芯体限定环绕着中央部分(5a,5a’,5b,5b’)的两个侧部(9a,9a’,9b,9b’);
B-在属于两个独立侧部(9a,9b)的蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b)上将所述附加壁(201a,201b)至少部分叠加;
C-通过对经由穿孔装置叠加的附加壁(201a,201b)进行穿孔来将所述蜂窝芯体块(A,B)连接起来,以形成所述蜂窝芯体结构(2;102;202)。
11.如前一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤A中,所述附加壁通过基本上横向切割具有蜂窝芯体的块体形成,其中蜂窝单元是展开的。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤B中,当所述蜂窝连接单元(11a,11b)和/或芯体单元(7a,7b)未展开时,将所述附加壁(201a,201b)叠加。
13.如权利要求10到12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,所述穿孔装置是打眼钳。
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FR3044961B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-01-19 | Safran Nacelles | Panneau pour nacelle de turboreacteur comportant une protection thermique et procede de fabrication d’un tel panneau |
CN108870058A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-23 | 徐卫国 | 一种采用开槽法消除压缩峰值的蜂窝芯及其加工方法 |
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CN111396487B (zh) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-03-15 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | 一种高强减振蜂窝芯及其制造方法 |
CN111706433B (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-02-22 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种声衬组合结构 |
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- 2010-01-27 EP EP20100705900 patent/EP2393652B1/fr active Active
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CN115210064A (zh) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-10-18 | 赛峰短舱公司 | 用于制造涡轮喷气发动机短舱的泡状芯结构的方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2941647B1 (fr) | 2011-01-14 |
FR2941647A1 (fr) | 2010-08-06 |
EP2393652A1 (fr) | 2011-12-14 |
RU2011136206A (ru) | 2013-03-10 |
RU2517938C2 (ru) | 2014-06-10 |
CA2751070A1 (fr) | 2010-08-12 |
WO2010089473A1 (fr) | 2010-08-12 |
CN102300703B (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
US9108385B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
ES2396943T3 (es) | 2013-03-01 |
EP2393652B1 (fr) | 2012-10-03 |
US20110293411A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
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