CN102296574A - Element extension gate control and operation curve design and application thereof - Google Patents
Element extension gate control and operation curve design and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an element extension gate control and operation curve design and application thereof. An element extension gate control operation curve comprises: 1, a gate hole free discharge element extension gate control and operation curve design method which is used for extending a curve hydraulic element and reflecting seven element correlation curves with four quadrant coordinates and comprises ten elements; and 2, a gate hole submerged discharge element extension gate control and operation curve design method which is used for extending a curve hydraulic element and reflecting eight element correlation curves with four quadrant coordinates and comprises ten elements. The curve is applied to an active gate control mode such as the element extension gate control and operation curve of a sluice gate of the Pingban Hydropower Station, and is applied to a passive gate control mode such as the element extension gate control and operation curve of a sluice gate of the Letan Hydropower Station. The invention has the advantages that: the element extension gate control and operation curve is a set of complete element extension gate control and operation curves, and convenience is brought to the operation of engineering operation and management personnel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering field, specifically is key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design and application thereof.
Background technology
The control utilization of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering sluice gate gate is the staple that guarantees the engineering safety operation, if gate control utilization is improper, will produce unexpected fluidised form, causes serious erosion damage, jeopardizes engineering safety.In sluice gate operation design, be according to waterpower design and hydraulic model test achievement, formulate the gate control operational mode of suitable engineering.
Research and applicable cases about " gate control utilization curve " is before this: in the clause explanation of existing " sluice design specifications " SL265-2001 of (1) country, with 4 " gate control utilization curves " that the quadrant rectangular coordinates is expressed, also can only reflect the correlation (seeing accompanying drawing 1) of 5 hydraulic elements; (2) my institute was formulated flood discharge scheduling " gate control utilization curve " in 1994 by weir meter hole, Yan Tan power station, can reflect the correlation (wherein first quartile is expressed with data on flows, does not draw relation curve, sees accompanying drawing 2) of 6 hydraulic elements.Along with technical development, former " curve " can not satisfy my institute and finish other hydroelectric project flood discharge operational management needs afterwards.Comprehensively above-mentioned, " curve " weak point before this is in particular in:
1. engineering that Guangxi is built is all based on generating, and former " curve " can not express generating and quote the relation that flow and sluice are born the wash with watercolours vent flow;
2. " curve " of current specifications and present scholar's research, mainly to liking the underflow energy dissipation by hydraulic jump, energy dissipating erosion control design with my institute's several engineerings on Hongsuihe River, generally adopt constricted jet and bailing bucket formula absorption basin combined energy dissipater, on fluidised form feature and flood discharge controlling element, significant difference is arranged with disspation through hydraudic jimp;
3. " curve " that be used for the rock beach in 1994 is lock hole free discharge, except the factor content that should increase, improve first quartile, and will satisfy many low water head hydroelectric projects, and sluice gate mostly is lock hole submerge discharging flow, and its discharge capacity curve form is with last different; And have the hydraulic jump first bump gate that jumps, cause that gate produces problems such as harmfulness vibration, should obtain reflection in " curve ";
4. engineering operation facts have proved, have " lock hole opening sequence chart " and associative operation rules and " curve " to be used, and could make things convenient for the engineering operation custodian specifically to implement, and reaches the purpose of guaranteeing to go out to flow under the dam uniform and stable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve and application thereof of guaranteeing Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering flood discharge safety in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:
1. key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design, the curve design is the sluice gate at middle low water head hydroelectric project, come discharge less than unlimited gate flood discharge when natural, but when quoting flow greater than engineering, to pass through local lift gate height, satisfy wash with watercolours and let out unnecessary flow, designing and calculating essential condition is:
1) do not reduce the normal pool level of reservoir;
2) sluice gate accomplishes only to let out unnecessary flow with the strict control of local starting gate mode letdown flow;
3) guarantee to go out to flow uniform and stable under the lock, the energy dissipater will produce the desired fluidised form of design---and bucket is produced as stable bailing bucket stream or floods bailing bucket stream fluidised form (disspation through hydraudic jimp is a submerged hydraulic jump, and principle is identical, and this paper is omitted for example).
Summarize and above-mentionedly promptly be: gate control utilization curve is to use during for normal pool level at reservoir, and when running into when having residual flow to let out by the sluice gate wash with watercolours, the energy dissipater must realize estimating fluidised form, guarantees downstream safety.
According to weir type, the level of tail water weir flow and lock hole are gone out the restraint condition of stream, be divided into two kinds of operating modes of free discharge and submerge discharging flow, carry out the control of design considerations extended pattern gate respectively and use curve.
2. key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design method is characterized in that, this curve is the key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve of lock hole free discharge, and method for designing is as follows:
After the expansion of " curve " hydraulic elements, with 10 key elements of four quadrant coordinate reflections, 7 related curves (submerge discharging flow is 8) of key element.Wherein accompanying drawing 3 is a lock hole free discharge operating mode; Accompanying drawing 4 is a lock hole submerge discharging flow operating mode.
1) first quartile: contain three curves, comprise the trinomial relation curve that flow, water levels of upstream and downstream are quoted in always discharge, generating.
Article one, curve---level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve: the water level Z that gets somewhere, dam site downstream
d, draw level of tail water Z
d～total water flow Q
0Relation curve mainly relies on hydrology field data to determine;
Second curve---reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve: when coming discharge less than the conveyance capacity that opens wide the sluice gate gate and before quoting the flow summation, reservoir level is that definite value is a normal pool level.After coming discharge to increase, open wide weir gate, by free excess flow design formulas
(ε is a shrinkage factor; M is a discharge coefficient; N is a lock hole hole count; B is every hole clear span; H
0Be to comprise head before the lock of approach velocity head), converge the letdown flow Q of other outlet structure escape works
f, progressively calculate the discharge capacity (engineering with good conditionsi is revised by the hydraulic model test checking) that is higher than the reservoir normal pool level, be depicted as reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve;
Article three, curve---hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve: since discharge and respective downstream water level be parameter, approximate gross head, i.e. the water levels of upstream and downstream difference Δ Z=gross head H=reservoir normal pool level Z of getting
u-level of tail water Z
d, quote flow Q with various head H～separate unit hydraulic turbine maximum that unit manufacturing firm provides
E1Data can be according to this power station actual installation machine several N=i that organize a performance, and flow Q is quoted in corresponding generating
e=iQ draws out hydraulic generator unit operation platform and counts N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve.
In this quadrant, can indirectly observe two hydroelectric power key elements: water levels of upstream and downstream difference Δ Z; Residual flow Δ Q after each unit generation is quoted, i.e. the flow Q that will let out down downstream
s
2) second quadrant: contain two curves, mainly reflect two relation curves of gate opening height and flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width, downstream appointment fluidised form water level.
Article four, curve---gate is opened the relation curve of high e～lockage discharge per unit width q, according to weir body structure and gate type, changes gate step by step and opens high e, by lock hole free discharge lockage discharge per unit width design formulas
In the formula: μ is the discharge coefficient of lock hole free discharge; E is that gate is opened height; H
0It is the preceding head of lock that comprises the approach velocity head; ε is vertical shrinkage factor.Directly calculate and obtain lockage discharge per unit width q value, draw the relation curve that gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q.Engineering with good conditionsi is revised with the hydraulic model test field data.
Article five, curve---(bucket produces stable bailing bucket stream to produce design appointment fluidised form; Absorption basin generation submerged hydraulic jump) level of tail water Z
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve: underflow hydraulic jump absorption basin, the theoretical calculation method that produces submerged hydraulic jump is ripe, is not described herein.Bucket typed stilling, particularly when behind it and the contraction type energy dissipater combined energy dissipation, its form of structure is various, hydraulic boundary conditions is widely different, though at present domesticly carry out correlation test research unit and already used engineering is many, the relation of its fluidised form boundary water level and energy dissipating construction form, head, lockage discharge per unit width etc. does not still have ripe theoretical calculation formula, in the design specifications content, be still blank, can only determine relation between the relevant factor by the hydraulic model test field data.So also surveying these means by model testing, this relation curve determines.
" curve " design will be considered riverbed features of terrain behind the dam in drawing, and for saving construction investment, often adopts the inconsistent structure of energy dissipater's base plate height in same engineering sluice gate, causes Z thus
dThe different requirements of value to scheduling.
3) third quadrant: contain a curve, comprise sluice gate bear letdown flow, lock hole hole count, with the relation of lockage discharge per unit width, n bar radioactive ray are arranged
Article six, curve---sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～gate opening hole count n～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve: use lockage discharge per unit width q=sluice gate and bear down release floodwatering flow amount Q
sThe relational expression of/(lock hole clear span b * gate opening hole count n), draw out the n bar (n=1,2,3 ...) radial associated straight lines.
4) four-quadrant: contain N+1 bar curve, give prominence to the key points reflection always discharge, generating set operation platform number and sluice gate bear the relation of flood discharge flow:
Article seven, curve---total discharge Q
0～power station unit operation platform is counted N～sluice gate and is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve: when the power station total platform number of installation unit is N, N+1 bar correlation curve is arranged.Sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s=total discharge Q
0-(0～N) platform unit operation is quoted flow Q
e-other draw flow.Count the relation that N and sluice gate are born the flood discharge flow at this quadrant power station unit generating platform that puts into operation of having given prominence to the key points, from figure, obviously find out flood discharge flow Q
sReduce with the increase of N value.
3. curve design method is used in the control of key element extended pattern gate, and key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design method is as follows when belonging to lock hole submerge discharging flow:
After the expansion of curve hydraulic elements, with 10 key elements of four quadrant coordinate reflections, 8 related curves of key element.
1) first quartile: contain three curves, comprise the trinomial relation curve that flow, water levels of upstream and downstream are quoted in always discharge, generating
Article one, curve---level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve refers generally to the water level Z in dam site and somewhere, downstream thereof
dWith total discharge Q
0Relation curve relies on hydrology field data to obtain more.
Second curve---reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve: the flood discharge flow is less than the conveyance capacity that opens wide the sluice gate gate and quote before the flow summation instantly, and reservoir level is that definite value is a normal pool level.After following flood discharge flow increases, open wide weir gate, by submerged overflow flow rate calculation formula
Calculate, plot reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve, σ is for flooding coefficient in the formula, and all the other every and free weir flows are identical;
Article three, curve---hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve: this calculating gross head H=upper pond level Z
u-level of tail water Z
d, the separate unit hydraulic turbine maximum that finding producer provides is quoted flow Q
E1, can be according to this power station actual installation machine several N=i that organize a performance, and flow Q is quoted in corresponding generating
e=iQ draws out N and Q
eRelation curve.
In this quadrant, can indirectly observe two hydroelectric power key elements: water levels of upstream and downstream difference Δ Z; Residual flow Δ Q after each unit generation is quoted, the i.e. flow that will let out down downstream.
2) second quadrant: contain three curves, reflect that mainly gate opening height and flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width, downstream specify the jump relation curve of first bump gate instantaneous water level of fluidised form water level, hydraulic jump.
Article four, curve---level of tail water Z
d～gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve: because the high constraint of level of tail water lock hole goes out stream, under same gate opening height, flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width will raise and successively decrease with water level, thus in this curve adding parameter level of tail water Z
dBy lock hole submerge discharging flow lockage discharge per unit width design formulas
(or other formula of lock hole submerge discharging flow lockage discharge per unit width calculating, in the formula: σ
sFor flooding coefficient, remainder formula symbol implication is the same); Or conform to the principle of simplicity to use
(in the formula: μ
1For flooding the orifice flow discharge coefficient, Δ Z is that water levels of upstream and downstream is poor).Because the high constraint of level of tail water lock hole goes out stream, opens relative superiority or inferiority at same gate, flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width becomes with water level, for showing level of tail water Z
dThe important function that in curve, is risen, intuitively to open high e=0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m ...＜0.65H (or 0.75H, the pocket floor bank is broad crested weir 0.65H, the pocket floor bank is shaped form practical weir 0.75H, H is the above head of weir crest) be independent variable, calculate the lockage discharge per unit width of opening high e respectively, have the model testing field data to be verified, draw gate and open high e～level of tail water Z
d～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve.
Article five, curve---(bucket produces stable bailing bucket stream to produce design appointment fluidised form; Absorption basin generation submerged hydraulic jump) level of tail water Z
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve: underflow hydraulic jump absorption basin, the theoretical calculation method that produces submerged hydraulic jump is ripe, is not described herein.Bucket typed stilling, particularly when behind it and the contraction type energy dissipater combined energy dissipation, its form of structure is various, hydraulic boundary conditions is widely different, though at present domesticly carry out correlation test research unit and already used engineering is many, the relation of its fluidised form boundary water level and energy dissipating construction form, head, lockage discharge per unit width etc. does not still have ripe theoretical calculation formula, in the design specifications content, be still blank, can only determine relation between the relevant factor by the hydraulic model test field data.So also surveying these means by model testing, this relation curve determines.
" curve " design will be considered riverbed features of terrain behind the dam in drawing, and for saving construction investment, often adopts inconsistent structure in same engineering sluice gate energy dissipater, causes Z thus
dThe different requirements of value to scheduling.
Article six, curve---the hydraulic jump first bump gate instantaneous water level Z that jumps
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve, the hydraulic jump first bump gate that jumps only is created in lock hole submerge discharging flow operating mode, and identical with the 4th curve is to determine by model testing, and notes in same engineering, because sluice gate energy dissipating construction form difference is at bump instantaneous water level Z
iOn difference.
3) third quadrant, comprise sluice gate bear letdown flow, lock hole hole count, with the relation of lockage discharge per unit width, n bar radioactive ray are arranged.
Article seven, curve---open a sluice gate hole count n～sluice gate and bear letdown flow Q
s～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve: use lockage discharge per unit width q=sluice gate and bear down release floodwatering flow amount Q
sThe relational expression of/(lock hole clear span b * participation sluice hole count n), drafting n bar (n=1,2,3 ...) radial associated straight lines.
4) four-quadrant: contain N+1 bar curve, give prominence to the key points reflection always discharge, generating set operation platform number and sluice gate bear the relation of flood discharge flow, total N+1 bar curve:
Article eight, curve---power station unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve: when the power station total platform number of installation unit is N, N+1 bar correlation curve is arranged.Sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s=total discharge Q
0-(0～N) platform unit operation is quoted flow Q
e-other draw flow Q
fCount the relation that N and sluice gate are born the flood discharge flow at this quadrant power station unit generating platform that puts into operation of having given prominence to the key points, from Fig. 4, obviously find out flood discharge flow Q
sReduce with the increase of N value.
4. the application route of curve is used in the control of key element extended pattern gate
The application route of curve is divided into ACTIVE CONTROL gate mode and Passive Control gate mode dual mode.
Curve is applied to ACTIVE CONTROL gate mode, and it is as follows to use route:
1) obtains the expection reservoir according to hydrological forecast and come discharge Q
0
2) according to coming discharge Q
0, inquiry dam site water level and discharge relation curve are determined level of tail water Z
d
3) quote flow Q by generating and other building
E+f, need to obtain sluice gate letdown flow Q
s=Q
0-Q
E+f
4) according to the dispatching principle starting gate;
5) determine whether flow-shape is steady in the absorption basin,, then repeat 4 as not), in this way, " curve " completes.
Curve is applied to Passive Control gate mode, and it is as follows to use route:
1) known conditions: level of tail water Z
d, reservoir level continues to raise; Conclusion: need to open the sluice gate flood discharge;
2) according to the dispatching principle starting gate;
3) determine whether flow-shape is steady in the absorption basin, as not, then repeating step 2); In this way, when reservoir level continue to raise or reduces, perhaps during the stable but influence generating of reservoir level, repeating step 2), when reservoir level is stable when not influencing generating, " curve " completes.
The hydraulic jump first bump gate that jumps when avoiding lock hole submerge discharging flow, grasp and flood the first effect to gate that jumps of the expressed hydraulic jump of the 6th curve of orifice flow second quadrant (be hydraulic jump jump first bump gate " curve ") and be: " point that drops on the curve is represented to clash into; Be higher than curve for flooding, be lower than curve " for far driving.Therefore the main points of operation are: the gate that design is selected for use is opened the intersection point of high e, discharge per unit width q and the level of tail water, depart from outside the 5th " curve ", realizes avoiding bump, purpose of safe operation.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art
Key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve makes full use of four-quadrant coordinate figure, on existing technical foundation, utilize the characteristics and the experience of several big-and-middle-sized hydroelectric projects that the court designs on Hongsuihe River, the expansion thinking increases controlling element, accomplish to express intuitively the flood discharge controlling element of more heterogeneous mutual correlation, except that " gate control utilization curve ", also add " the hinge gate opening/closing is arranged in proper order " and related text explanation after testing preferably, constituted complete " key element extended pattern " gate control utilization curve of a cover, for the engineering operation manager works is provided convenience.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is present (SL265-2001) accompanying drawing in the explanation of compilation of country's existing " sluice design specifications ".
Among the figure:
1. coordinate
X axle forward: following release floodwatering flow amount Q; X axle negative sense: depth of water σ after safety jumps
0h
cY axle forward: gate is opened high e; Y axle negative sense: downstream water depth h
s
2. all quadrants curve
First quartile: following release floodwatering flow amount Q～gate opening hole count n～gate is opened high e relation curve;
Second quadrant: gate is opened high e～safety back depth of water σ that jumps
0h
c" relation curve;
Third quadrant: depth of water σ after safety jumps
0h
c"～downstream water depth h
sRelation curve;
Four-quadrant: downstream water depth h
s～following release floodwatering flow amount Q relation curve.
Fig. 2 is the gate control utilization curve that adopt in Yan Tan power station, Hongsuihe River, Guangxi in 1994.
Among the figure:
1. coordinate
X axle forward: total discharge Q; X axle negative sense: table hole Service gate Lift e; Y axle forward: level of tail water Zd; Y axle negative sense: table hole single hole letdown flow Qs.
2. all quadrants curve
First quartile: this figure saves correlation curve, directly deducts the numerical value that flow is quoted in generating with total flow;
Second quadrant: level of tail water Z
d～table hole Service gate Lift e relation curve: measure 1～6 respectively by hydraulic model test
#Hole (low bailing bucket), 7
#The relation curve of (high bailing bucket) stable bailing bucket flowing water position and table hole Lift e (being reflected to flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width indirectly);
Third quadrant: table hole Service gate Lift e～table hole single hole letdown flow Q
sRelation curve: with reservoir normal pool level 223m, with gate opening height e and q=Q
s/ b (hole is wide) is by the calculating of lock hole free discharge formula, curve plotting;
Four-quadrant: quote Q
s=Q
0/ n relational expression is drawn table hole single hole letdown flow Q
s～table gate hole is opened hole count, and N～flood discharge flow Q is born in the table hole
0Relation curve.
Fig. 3 is the key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve under the free discharge operating mode of lock of the present invention hole.
Among the figure:
1. coordinate
X axle forward: total flow Q
0X axle negative sense: lockage discharge per unit width q; Y axle forward: the right side indicates water level Z, and the left side indicates gate opening height e; Y axle negative sense: overfall dam is abandoned discharge Q
s
2. all quadrants curve
First quartile: 1. level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve; 2. reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve; 3. hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve;
Second quadrant: 4. gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve; 5. produce the level of tail water Z that fluidised form is specified in design
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve;
Third quadrant: 6. gate opening hole count n～sluice gate is born letdown flow Qs～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve;
Four-quadrant: 7. power station hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve (note: if there are other outlet structure escape works to participate in flood discharge, its flow should be deducted).
Fig. 4 is the key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve that uses under the submerge discharging flow operating mode of lock of the present invention hole.
Among the figure:
1. coordinate
X axle forward: total flow Q
0X axle negative sense: lockage discharge per unit width q; Y axle forward: water level Z (containing the reservoir level and the level of tail water); Y axle negative sense: overfall dam is abandoned discharge Q
s
2. all quadrants curve
First quartile: 1. level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve; 2. reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve; 3. hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve;
Second quadrant: 4. level of tail water Z
d～gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve; 5. produce the level of tail water Z that fluidised form is specified in design
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve; 6. the hydraulic jump first bump gate instantaneous water level Z that jumps
i～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve;
Third quadrant: 7. gate opening hole count n～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve;
Four-quadrant: 8. power station hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve (note: if there are other outlet structure escape works to participate in flood discharge, its flow should be deducted).
Fig. 5 is the flat class of a present invention power station sluice gate key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve.
Among the figure:
First quartile
1. level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve
2. reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve
3. hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve
Second quadrant
4. gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve
5. the reservoir level Z under the fluidised form is specified in design
u～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve
Third quadrant
6. gate opening hole count n～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve
Four-quadrant
7. the unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve
Fig. 6 is a Le Tan of the present invention power station sluice gate key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve.
Among the figure:
First quartile
1. level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve.
2. hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve.
Second quadrant
3. level of tail water Z
d～gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve.
4. the level of tail water Z under the fluidised form is specified in design
d～gate is opened high e～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve.
5. the hydraulic jump first bump gate instantaneous water level Z that jumps
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve
Third quadrant
6. gate opening hole count n～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve
Four-quadrant
7. the unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve.
The specific embodiment
Be that free discharge, Le Tan power station sluice gate are that submerge discharging flow is embodiment with flat class weir meter hole, power station respectively below, the present invention and application are further described.But need to prove that embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the claimed scope of the present invention.
Flat class weir meter hole, power station key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve
[design condition]
The flat class in Hongsuihe River power station is the block power plant based on generating, and 3 hydraulic generator units are installed altogether, and overfall dam is provided with 5 weir meter holes, every hole clear span 17m, and gate dash height 17.3m, overflow weir weir type is the WES type, the above height of weir 24.7m of bailing bucket pond base plate face.The flood wash with watercolours is let out complete by 5 weir meter holes, when coming discharge Q＞9164m
3/ s opens wide the gate flood discharge.The level of tail water does not influence the lock hole and goes out stream.The table hole adopts the top to fall flow pattern flaring gate pier and bailing bucket formula absorption basin combined energy dissipater, provides through hydraulic model test: lock hole free discharge discharge capacity curve; Energy dissipater stable bailing bucket flowing water position and gate are opened high relation curve; Recommend to adopt table gate hole opening sequence table; When gate was opened height for 9m, water surface disturbance ripple back and forth clashed into gate, should take precautions against the gate vibration; The flood discharge flow increases the back and opens wide the gate flood discharge, and the requirement of bailing bucket stream fluidised form is all satisfied in the downstream.
The flat class in Hongsuihe River power station overfall dam is totally 5 weir meter holes (1
#～5
#The hole), the table hole adopts the top to fall flow pattern flaring gate pier and bailing bucket formula absorption basin combined energy dissipater.
Overfall dam gate opening mode sequence list
Gate opening operation control main points
1. opening sequence: suitable symmetry is opened, synchronous opening/closing hole count n≤3 fans;
2. gate is opened height: adjacent holes is opened the discrepancy in elevation apart from Δ e≤2.5m, and e＞1.5m can not the one-time-reach-place closed shutter;
3. fluidised form requires: open height and lockage discharge per unit width with level of tail water regulating gate, the pond of guaranteeing to bail is stable bailing bucket stream.
Flat class power station sluice gate key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve, as shown in Figure 5
[curve applicating example]
It is as follows that flat class power station sluice gate key element extended pattern gate utilization curve is used route:
Le Tan power station sluice gate key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve
[design condition]
Hongsuihe River Le Tan Hydropower Project be one based on generating, have the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering of comprehensive utilization benefits such as shipping, irrigation concurrently.The power station is a river channel, the generator hydraulic generator unit that 4 single-machine capacities are installed altogether is 150MW; Overfall dam is provided with 8 weir meter holes, every hole clear span 15m, and gate dash height 16m, overflow weir weir type is the WES type, gate pier is conventional straight equal thickness type.The energy dissipater adopts the energy dissipating of bailing bucket formula absorption basin, and the bailing bucket end, bailing bucket bank elevation are designed to height two bailing buckets with change of topography: the low bailing bucket in 4 holes, riverbed is connected base plate face above height of weir 20.51m in pond with step spillway face with the bailing bucket pond; 4 holes, flood land are high bailing bucket, the above height of weir 15.00m of pond base plate face; Factory building both sides, power station are furnished with the sand washing bottom outlet.At reservoir normal pool level 112m and limit flood season, bottom outlet is not born the flood discharge task in 110m when operation; When coming discharge Q
0＞12700m
3/ s opens wide the flood discharge of outlet structure escape works gate, and the downstream fluidised form is all Guaranteed in design.Find out through hydraulic model test: the level of tail water raises can influence sluice orifice outflow ability, the concurrent unboiled water first gate phenomenon of clashing into that jumps; There is local discharge capacity curve, high bailing bucket and the low bailing bucket opened of gate respectively to have and produce jump first bump gate and gate of stable bailing bucket stream, hydraulic jump and open the correlation curve of height, water level; Table gate hole opening sequence table; The flood discharge flow increases to and opens wide that gate is spacious to be let out, and the downstream fluidised form all satisfies the fluidised form requirement.
Each 4 hole (1 of the low bailing bucket of the high bailing bucket of Le Tan power station, Hongsuihe River sluice gate energy dissipating work point two classes
#～4
#Be low bailing bucket, 5#～8# is high bailing bucket).
Overfall dam gate opening mode sequence list
Gate opening operation control main points
1. opening sequence: drive high bailing bucket after driving low bailing bucket earlier, the suitable symmetry of similar bailing bucket type is opened, synchronous opening/closing hole count n≤3 fans;
2. gate is opened height: low bailing bucket is greater than the height bailing bucket, and adjacent holes is opened the discrepancy in elevation apart from Δ e≤2.5m, and e＞1.5m can not the one-time-reach-place closed shutter;
3. fluidised form requires: open height and lockage discharge per unit width with level of tail water regulating gate, the pond of guaranteeing to bail is stable bailing bucket stream, the first bump gate of avoiding jumping.
[curve applicating example]
With reservoir normal pool level 112m, total flow Q
o=4910m
3/ s, level of tail water Z
d=94.0m, power station unit operation platform is counted N=1 and N=4, does the explanation of gate opening Scheme Choice process respectively:
Determine control point key points for operation and index of correlation
1. with total discharge Q
o=4910m
3/ s is a starting point, makes the axis of ordinates parallel lines, itself and each relation curve intersect relevant controlling value:
First quartile and level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve intersects, and gets Q
0With Z
dThe value intersection point;
In four-quadrant and the 7th sets of curves---total discharge Q
0～power station unit operation platform is counted N～sluice gate and is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve intersects in N=1 and N=4 place;
2. make the parallel lines of axis of abscissas and each relation curve intersects at each intersection point respectively, read the relevant controlling value at intersection point place:
Looking into first quartile has: level of tail water Z
d=94.0m; N=1, flow Q is quoted in generating
e=837m
3/ s; N=4, flow Q is quoted in generating
e=3348m
3/ s.
Looking into second quadrant has: satisfy the limiting value that stable bailing bucket stream fluidised form lockage discharge per unit width q and gate are opened high a: low bailing bucket q≤105.0m
2/ s, e≤9.7m; High bailing bucket q≤43.6m
2/ s, e≤3.9m; Check the two class bailing bucket type hydraulic jumps first bump gate critical groundwater table relation curve that jumps, learn level of tail water Z
d=94.0m shows the head that jumps away from gate below this relation curve, it is unfettered that gate is opened high selection.
Look into the four-quadrant existence: when various unit operation platforms were counted N, sluice gate was born flood discharge flow Q
s: N=1, Q
s=4073m
3/ s; N=4, Q
s=1562m
3/ s;
Open a sluice gate hole count and open high Scheme Choice
Second and third, four-quadrant in conjunction with simple computation open a sluice gate hole count n, gate is opened high e, flood discharge flow Q
sScheme optimization compares, and with flood rise, the gate opening operating mode is an example, should note accomplishing:
1. look total flood discharge flow Q
sSize selects to drop into flood discharge bailing bucket type: Q
sGreatly then low high two class bailing bucket types are all opened a sluice gate flood discharge; Q
sBear by low bailing bucket for less.
2. open difference on the height at gate: low bailing bucket is opened and is tall and bigly bailed in height; The lock hole should be greater than lateral opening in the middle of the similar bailing bucket type.
3. doing on the flood discharge assignment of traffic scheme: should distribute to low bailing bucket earlier, remainder is born by the height bailing bucket; Low bailing bucket is born discharge and should be bailed greater than height; The suitable mesopore of similar bailing bucket type is greater than lateral opening; Or distribute to earlier and open a sluice gate the hole earlier, open high bigger lock hole, after taking turns to, remainder opens and opens the lock hole of higher primary school.
4. gate opening order aspect:, lateral opening behind the suitable first mesopore of low bailing bucket according to hydraulic model test; High bailing bucket has (two holes, left bank, back of 5#～6#) (two modes of 7#～8#) of lateral opening or first right bank two holes behind the first mesopore.
5. same bailing bucket type is opened the lock hole synchronously, preferably can adopt the identical height of opening.
Gate is opened height, flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width is selected
To realize that the design fluidised form is a prerequisite, open high e by the first-selected gate of second quadrant
1→ corresponding lockage discharge per unit width q
1→ at third quadrant, first-selection is opened a sluice gate hole count n
1→ corresponding n
1Flood discharge flow Q
E1→ ask residual flow Q
E2=Q
S is total-Q
E1→ ask e
2, q
2, n
2Should equal Q
E2Example is as follows:
(1) makes N=1, quote flow Qe=837m
3/ s, lockage letdown flow Qs=4073m
3The gate control utilization of/s can compare by three schemes:
Scheme one: the height octal lock of bailing adopts identical lockage discharge per unit width and Kai Gao, i.e. e ≈ 2.9m, q ≈ 34m
2/ s.Its defective is not according to the riverbed lineament, divides that height bailing bucket, assignment of traffic are different to carry out flood discharge, influences the downstream fluidised form, should not adopt;
Scheme two: dark riverbed low bailing bucket four hole locks adopt identical lockage discharge per unit width and Kai Gao: i.e. e ≈ 6.3m, q ≈ 67.9m
2/ s.Because of the flood discharge flow all concentrates on the low bailing bucket in dark riverbed, the recirculating zone will appear under the dam, abandon adopting;
Scheme three: height bailing bucket all drops into flood discharge, but that gate is opened is high different, makes to recommend the employing scheme.Be described in detail as follows:
1. mentality of designing: the flood discharge flow is bigger, should all participate in flood discharge with the height lock hole of bailing, and adopts the identical height of opening with the bailing bucket type; Earlier height is opened in the low bailing bucket of choosing four holes, and residual flow is divided equally and found the corresponding height of opening by height four holes of bailing.
2. look into and get step: open high e=4m at the first-selected low bailing bucket of second quadrant, get q=45m
2/ s looks at third quadrant and to open a sluice gate hole count n=4 and must hang down bailing bucket flood discharge flow Q
s=2700m
3/ s bears flood discharge flow Q with high bailing bucket
s=4073-2700=1373m
3/ s, q=22.9m when n=4
2/ s, e=1.93m is not inconsistent design and opens high step pitch standard, so use e=2.0m instead, corresponding q=23.7m
2/ s, discharge bigger than normal approximately 3.5%.
3. gate opening in proper order: by high bailing bucket the behind the low bailing bucket of elder generation, reference pattern (two) operation divides four liftings, and 2# and 3# hole promote e=4.0m → 1# synchronously and the 4# hole promotes e=4.0m → 5# synchronously and the 8# hole promotes e=2.0m → 6# synchronously and the 7# hole promotes e=2.0m synchronously.
(2) make N=4, quote flow Q
e=3348m
3/ s, lockage letdown flow Q
s=1562m
3The gate control utilization scheme of/s;
1. mentality of designing: because that unit generation is quoted flow is bigger, the flood discharge flow is little, intends only opening low bailing bucket lock hole flood discharge mode
2. look into and get step: in four lock holes of low bailing bucket, high e=2.5m is opened in two holes between choosing earlier, gets q=29.5m
2/ s gets its flood discharge flow Q
s=885m
3/ s, flood discharge flow Q is born in both sides
s=1562-885=677m
3/ s gets e=2.0m, gets q=23.7m
2/ s by n=2, gets Q
s=711m
3/ s, actual letdown flow Q
s=885+711=1596m
3/ s is than required value 1562m
3/ s is slightly bigger than normal 2.2%, and scheme is desirable.
3. gate opening order: open both sides behind the lock hole in the middle of the first breakdown, promptly 2# and 3# hole promote e=2.5m → 1# and the 4# hole promotes e=2.0m synchronously synchronously.
Claims (4)
1. key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design, the curve design is the sluice gate at middle low water head hydroelectric project, come discharge less than unlimited gate flood discharge when natural, but when quoting flow greater than engineering, to pass through local lift gate height, satisfy wash with watercolours and let out unnecessary flow, it is characterized in that, designing and calculating essential condition is:
1) do not reduce the normal pool level of reservoir;
2) sluice gate accomplishes only to let out unnecessary flow with the strict control of local starting gate mode letdown flow;
3) guarantee to go out to flow uniform and stable under the lock, the energy dissipater will produce the desired fluidised form of design---and bucket produces fluidised form for stablizing bailing bucket stream or flooding bailing bucket stream.
2. key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design method is characterized in that, this curve is the key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve of lock hole free discharge, and method for designing is as follows:
After the expansion of curve hydraulic elements,, comprise 10 key elements altogether with the related curve of 7 key elements of four quadrant coordinate reflections:
1) first quartile comprises three curves
After the expansion of curve hydraulic elements,, comprise 10 key elements altogether with the related curve of 7 key elements of four quadrant coordinate reflections:
Article one, curve---level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve: the water level Z that gets somewhere, dam site downstream
d, draw Z
d～Q
0Relation curve mainly relies on hydrology field data to determine;
Second curve---reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve: be free overflow, press hinge outlet structure escape works form of structure, with free excess flow design formulas
Directly calculate H
0With Q
0Relation data, make Z with this
u～Q
0Relation curve;
Article three, curve---hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve: with gross head H=upper pond level Z
u-level of tail water Z
d, the separate unit hydraulic turbine maximum that finding producer provides is quoted flow Q
E1, can be according to this power station actual installation machine several N=i that organize a performance, and flow Q is quoted in corresponding generating
e=iQ
E1, draw out N～Z
d～Q
eCurve;
2) second quadrant comprises two curves
Article four, curve---the relation curve of gate opening height (hereinafter to be referred as opening height) e～lockage discharge per unit width q: according to weir body structure and gate type, change gate opening height e step by step, by lock hole free discharge lockage discharge per unit width design formulas
Directly calculate the relation data of e and q, make the relation curve of e～q with this, in the formula: μ is the discharge coefficient of lock hole free discharge, and e is that gate is opened height; H
0Be the preceding head of lock that comprises the approach velocity head, ε is vertical shrinkage factor;
Article five, curve---the level of tail water Z of fluidised form is specified in the generation design
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve: design fluidised form water level is determined: bailing bucket stream and constricted jet combined energy dissipater, mainly rely on the model testing field data, and conventional disspation through hydraudic jimp can be used computational methods;
3) third quadrant comprises a curve
Article six, curve---sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～gate opening hole count n～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve: use lockage discharge per unit width q=sluice gate and bear down release floodwatering flow amount Q
sThe relational expression of/(lock hole clear span b * participation sluice hole count n), drafting n bar (n=1,2,3 ...) radial associated straight lines;
4) four-quadrant comprises a curve
Article seven, curve---total discharge Q
0～power station unit operation platform is counted N～sluice gate and is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve: sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s=total discharge Q
0-(0～N) platform unit operation is quoted flow Q
e-other draw flow Q
f, draw N～Q
0～Q
sRelation curve;
3. key element extended pattern gate control utilization curve design method is characterized in that this curve is the method for designing of lock hole submerge discharging flow key element extended pattern curve, and method for designing is as follows:
After the expansion of curve hydraulic elements,, comprise 10 key elements altogether with the related curve of 8 key elements of four quadrant coordinate reflections:
1) first quartile comprises three curves
Article one, curve---level of tail water Z
d～total discharge Q
0Relation curve: the water level Z that gets somewhere, dam site downstream
d, draw Z
d～Q
0Relation curve.The main hydrology field data that relies on is determined;
Second curve---reservoir level Z
u～following release floodwatering flow amount Q
0Relation curve: be submerge discharging flow, press hinge outlet structure escape works form of structure, with flooding stream flow rate calculation formula
Directly calculate H
0With Q
0Relation data, make Z with this
u～Q
0Relation curve;
Article three, curve---hydraulic generator unit operation platform is counted N～level of tail water Z
dFlow Q is quoted in～generating
eRelation curve: with gross head H=upper pond level Z
u-level of tail water Z
d, the separate unit hydraulic turbine maximum that finding producer provides is quoted flow Q
E1, can be according to this power station actual installation machine several N=i that organize a performance, and flow Q is quoted in corresponding generating
e=iQ
E1, draw out N～Z
d～Q
eCurve;
2) second quadrant comprises three curves
Article four, curve---level of tail water Z
d～gate is opened the related curve of high e～lockage discharge per unit width q: the high constraint of level of tail water lock hole goes out stream, opens when high at same gate, and flood discharge lockage discharge per unit width becomes with water level, with existing ripe hydraulic formula
In the formula: σ
sFor flooding coefficient, remainder formula symbol implication is the same, or
In the formula: μ
1For flooding the orifice flow discharge coefficient, Δ Z is that water levels of upstream and downstream is poor, and the level of tail water is one by one calculated the relation data of e and q, draws some Z
d～e～q relation curve has the model testing field data to verify mutually with calculated value;
Article five, curve---the level of tail water Z of fluidised form is specified in the generation design
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve, and design fluidised form water level is determined: bailing bucket stream and constricted jet combined energy dissipater, mainly rely on the model testing field data, and conventional disspation through hydraudic jimp can be used computational methods;
Article six, curve---the hydraulic jump first bump gate instantaneous water level Z that jumps
d～lockage discharge per unit width q～gate is opened high e relation curve: the hydraulic jump first bump gate that jumps only is created in lock hole submerge discharging flow operating mode, this curve negotiating model testing is determined, and note in same engineering, because sluice gate energy dissipating construction form difference, at bump instantaneous water level Z
iOn difference;
3) third quadrant comprises a curve
Article seven, curve---gate opening hole count n～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s～lockage discharge per unit width q relation curve: use lockage discharge per unit width q=sluice gate and bear down release floodwatering flow amount Q
sThe relational expression of/(lock hole clear span b * participation sluice hole count n) is drawn the radial associated straight lines of n bar, n=1,2,3,
4) four-quadrant comprises a curve
Article eight, curve---power station unit operation platform is counted the discharge Q of N～always
0～sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
sRelation curve: sluice gate is born letdown flow Q
s=total discharge Q
0-(0～N) platform unit operation is quoted flow Q
e-other draw flow Q
f, draw out N～Q
0～Q
sRelation curve.
4. as the application route of claim 2 or the described key element extended pattern of claim 3 gate control utilization curve, it is characterized in that the application route of curve is divided into ACTIVE CONTROL gate mode and Passive Control gate mode.
Curve is applied to ACTIVE CONTROL gate mode, and it is as follows to use route:
1) obtains the expection reservoir according to hydrological forecast and come discharge Q
0
2) according to coming discharge Q
0, inquiry dam site water level and discharge relation curve are determined level of tail water Z
d
3) quote flow Q by generating and other building
E+f, need to obtain sluice gate letdown flow Q
s=Q
0-Q
E+f
4) according to the dispatching principle starting gate;
5) determine whether flow-shape is steady in the absorption basin,, then repeat 4 as not), in this way, " curve " completes.
Curve is applied to Passive Control gate mode, and it is as follows to use route:
1) known conditions: level of tail water Z
d, reservoir level continues to raise; Conclusion: need to open the sluice gate flood discharge;
2) according to the dispatching principle starting gate;
3) determine whether flow-shape is steady in the absorption basin, as not, then repeating step 2); In this way, when reservoir level continue to raise or reduces, perhaps during the stable but influence generating of reservoir level, repeating step 2), when reservoir level is stable when not influencing generating, " curve " completes.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105442500A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-30 | 三峡大学 | Inflatable type hydropower station ecological tail gate and operation method |
| CN106599461A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Flood forecasting method and device |
| CN107451334A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-12-08 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam gate bottom plate downstream connecting section body and setting method thereof |
| CN109064055A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-21 | 廖小瑞 | A kind of simple dispatching method for small reservoir |
| CN109612694A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-04-12 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of window type draining derrick discharge coefficient measuring method |
| CN114881548A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | 四川明星电力股份有限公司 | Hydropower station gate leakage flow real-time monitoring method and system |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105442500A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-30 | 三峡大学 | Inflatable type hydropower station ecological tail gate and operation method |
| CN106599461A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Flood forecasting method and device |
| CN106599461B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-07-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Flood Forecasting Method and device |
| CN107451334A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-12-08 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam gate bottom plate downstream connecting section body and setting method thereof |
| CN107451334B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2020-12-29 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam gate bottom plate downstream connecting section body and setting method thereof |
| CN109064055A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-21 | 廖小瑞 | A kind of simple dispatching method for small reservoir |
| CN109064055B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-07-23 | 廖小瑞 | Simple dispatching method for small reservoir |
| CN109612694A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-04-12 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of window type draining derrick discharge coefficient measuring method |
| CN114881548A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | 四川明星电力股份有限公司 | Hydropower station gate leakage flow real-time monitoring method and system |
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