CN102295394A - Culture method of microbial film in biological-filtering pool for lobworm - Google Patents
Culture method of microbial film in biological-filtering pool for lobworm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention related to a culture method of a microbial film in a biological-filtering pool for lobworms, which mainly comprises the following steps of: adding young lobworms with the density of 600-2000 seeds/m<2> into the filtering pool, wherein the size of each young lobworm is 3-10 setigers; adding nitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacterium strains and denitrifying bacteria, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1-3:3:2:1, uniformly mixing the nitrifying bacteria, the photosynthetic bacteria, the EM bacterium strains and the denitrifying bacteria with seawater with a tenfold volume after being mixed, and sprinkling the mixed bacterium strains with the volume of 1-10L in the biological-filtering pool in a unit square meter; adding and feeding artificially-cultivated seawater-fish residual bait and feces which are filtered and collected through a 50-100-mesh screen-silk net as well as concentrated and sun-dried to be used as lobworm bait, wherein the bait-adding quantity is 10-20 percent of the total weight of the lobworms in the filtering pool; and within 1-2 weeks after the bacterium strains are added, adding water for about 1/10 of the height of the filtering pool each time by adopting a mode that the water is only added and not discharged, and replacing the water by adopting the mode of simulating a tide after 1-2 weeks. Through the culture method, not only is the problem that a large amount of solid wastes are generated in factory seawater cultivation solved, but also the problems of cultivating water-body recycling and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture method, particularly relate to the method for utilizing bioscrubbing ocean SOLID ORGANIC pollutent.
Background technology
Biofiltration (Living BiologicalFiltration) mainly refers to the breeding wastewater treatment technology of impurity in any employing living body biological removal water, mainly comprises plant filtration, microbe filter, animal filtration etc.Most popular in the intensive aquaculture water treatment at present is microbe filter, because of it produces characteristics such as mud is few, operational management convenient, power consumption is few, has obtained widespread use in aquiculture waste water is handled.Some other novel biological filter as: plant filter can effectively absorb nitrogen, the phosphor contaminant of solubilised state in the breeding wastewater, and be translated into economic product.Filter feeder, zoobenthos etc. can effectively be removed the particulate matter in the aquaculture water.
(biologicalfilter tricklingfilter) is the biological treatment structures that are made of rubble or plastics filler in the biological filter.The microbial film gap of growing on sewage and the filling surface contacts, and sewage is purified.Its performance characteristics comprises that mainly the treatment effect of biological filter is very good; Do not produce secondary pollution; The pond body of biological filter adopts assembly type, is convenient to transportation and installation; When increasing the processing capacity, only need add assembly, easy to implement; The biological filter energy consumption is very low.
Concern according to the food chain in the ecology, the compound bio filtering technique is by the best configuration biotic population, environmental resources is fully utilized, increases system productivity, and the nutritive salt in the system, organism the like waste are converted into environmentally friendly product to greatest extent.At present, the compound bio filtering technique mainly concentrates on kelp+microbe filter, and pasture and water+filter feeder (shellfish, sponge etc.) filters, and the artificial swamp filtering technique etc.But to dwell biofiltration effect research less of polychetes animal of the end.Polychetes animal (clam worm) is not only the high-quality bait of important aquaculture organisms (fish, shrimp) and dwell in the end, also is the important step of Marine ecosystems flow of energy and material cycle, and it is playing the part of the keying action of forming a connecting link in Marine ecosystems.Studies show that, the ingest particle size range very extensively (10～250 μ m) of nature sedimentary particle of clam worm, red to sedimental grazing rate average out to 5.71+2.76mg.mg-1dw.d-1(Wang Shi, Zhang Zhi south, 1998); Polychetes is equivalent to the sediment yield (Loper G L, Leventon J S., 1987) of body weight (dry weight) every day at least by the feeding activity processing.And Haruo Honda and Koraro Kikuchi(2002) once studied the nitrogen revenue and expenditure efficient when clam worm Perinereis nuntia ingests lefteye flounder (Japanese flounder) ight soil in the zoobenthos compound cycle cultivating system.This studies show that the clam worm of 0.2-0.6g is under 20 ℃, and every day, every physical efficiency was absorbed lefteye flounder ight soil 4.9-25.7mg, assimilated efficiency average out to 12.2-44.1%; Wherein, the nitrogen of clam worm picked-up has 50% to be converted into its bodily tissue approximately.
The clam worm biological filter is in order to solve subject matters such as a large amount of solid waste that produce in the seawater industrialized culture and aquaculture water recycling.In the clam worm biological filter, the main food of clam worm is the residual bait and the ight soil of seawater industrialized aquiculture, utilize ingesting and the stirring behavior of clam worm, when solid waste is converted into the clam worm biological production, make filter material surface maintenance aerobic environment in the filter tank, make filter material surface become the good habitat of beneficial microorganism, fully cultivate microorganisms such as a large amount of fine nitrobacterias and sulphate reducing bacteria, and by its vital movement, the water that flows in filtrate in the filter tank is carried out nitrification, make a large amount of hazardous and noxious substances such as the ammonia nitrogen that produces in the aquaculture water and hydrogen sulfide be converted into nutrient salts non-toxic compounds such as nitrate, utilize the solution that full biotype is provided again for breeding water.
At present, the compound bio filtering technique mainly concentrates on kelp+microbe filter, pasture and water+filter feeder (shellfish, sponge etc.) filtration and artificial swamp filtering technique etc.But to dwell biofiltration effect research less of polychetes animal of the end.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of end to dwell combined filtration technology that the polychetes animal combines with microorganism is used for solving the cultural method of microbial film in the clam worm biological filter of problems such as a large amount of solid waste that the seawater industrialized culture produces and aquaculture water recycling.The present invention mainly is: set up the clam worm biological filter and cultivate the microbial film that is made of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium, sulphate reducing bacteria, EM composite floras in filtrate.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, set up the biological filter: there is a upper shed groove in this filter tank, and this groove can adopt various materials to make, as the inside and outside metallic substance of all establishing preservative coat, non-metallic material, the filter tank of preferably adopting brick and cement masonry.5-10 ° of the preferably preceding high back of this filter tank bottom land low dip is to make things convenient for the water in the emptying pond.Establish water inlet pipe at this top, filter tank, in the bottom, pond, preferably low level one side is provided with water shoot at the bottom of the pond, and water shoot passes back, pool wall bottom and links to each other with the filter tank outer water pipe with elbow.By adjusting the mouth of pipe height of pool outer water pipe, change water level in the filter tank, form miniflow water nereis culture mode.Lay the composite filtering material that is made of gravel bed, coarse sands layer, fine sand layer and dirt bed in the filter tank from bottom to top successively, wherein gravel diameter is 1～3 * 1～2 cm, and thickness is 8-12cm; Fine sand particle diameter 0.5-1.0mm, thickness are 13-17cm; The dirt bed lower thickness limit is 10cm.
2, culture clam worm in the filter tank: after build up in the filter tank, inject fresh water, soaked for 1 week, after 1 week, discharge fresh water, inject fresh seawater.Adopt water to ladle out band water and evenly splash and enclose the Nereidae animal lymph, this encloses, and the Nereidae animal comprises perinereis aibuhitensis, multiple toothly encloses clam worm, pillow encloses clam worm and flat tooth encloses clam worm, Japan thorn clam worm.Seed size has just saved for 3-10, throwing seedling density be the 600-2000 tail/square metre.
3, throw in bacterial classification: with nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, EM bacterium bacterial classification and the denitrifying bacterium of artificial culture or market purchase, according to 1:1:1:1～3:3:2:1(volume ratio) mix, it is even with the sea water mixing of 10 times of volumes to mix the back, adopts water to ladle out evenly and splashes in the filter tank.The unit square rice biological filter mixed strains volume of splashing is 1-10L.
4, the bait of throwing something and feeding: throw something and feed through 50-100 mesh sieve tulle filter collect and the residual bait of the sea water fish that concentrated drying in the sun is propagated artificially and ight soil as clam worm bait, this sea water fish of propagating artificially comprises turbot, lefteye flounder, Cynoglossus semilaevis, salmon and cabrilla etc.Daily ration, feeding quantity is the 10-20% of clam worm TBW in the filter tank, and the clam worm bait that the residual bait that produces and ight soil can be used as above-mentioned flora of ingesting is thrown in bacterial classification 1-2 within week, can strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity, and the daily ration of feeding according to clam worm body weight 10% gets final product later on.
5, change water: 1-2 adopts the mode that only adds not draining of water within week after throwing in bacterial classification, adds about 1/10 of filter tank height at every turn.1-2 week, the mode of later employing tide simulation changed water, day changed water 1-2 time, at every turn with draining Chi Shui in 2 hours, dried dew after 3 hours again with filling with Chi Shui in 2 hours.
In above-mentioned clam worm biological filter, the main food of clam worm is the residual bait and the ight soil of seawater industrialized aquiculture, utilize ingesting and the stirring behavior of clam worm, when solid waste is converted into the clam worm biological production, make filter material surface maintenance aerobic environment in the filter tank, make filter material surface become the good habitat of beneficial microorganism, the clam worm bait that the residual bait that produces and ight soil can be used as above-mentioned flora of ingesting simultaneously, so just can fully cultivate microorganisms such as a large amount of fine nitrobacterias and sulphate reducing bacteria, and by its vital movement, carry out the water that flows in filtrate in the filter tank nitrated, make a large amount of hazardous and noxious substances such as the ammonia nitrogen that produces in the aquaculture water and hydrogen sulfide be converted into non-toxic compounds such as nitrate, breeding water is purified and can cycling and reutilization.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, the microbial film initial nutritive salt that forms in clam worm filter tank is residual bait and the ight soil that clam worm fails to ingest in the filter tank.The collaborative each other promoter action of nereis culture in formation nutritive salt supply that microbial film is initial and the filter tank, in the progressively growth forming process of microbial film, it progressively increases the biological treatment ability to the filter tank maritime interior waters, change toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen non-toxic substances such as into nitrate, for good living environment has been created in the growth of clam worm.
2, microbial film processing efficiency height, through measuring and calculating, the microbial film of the biological filter of unit square rice can be handled breeding wastewater 5-10 cubic meter every day.And, handle the interior ammonia nitrogen concentration of later breeding wastewater and be lower than national aquaculture water water quality standard.
3, microbial film need not to carry out the cultivation of microbial film in case formation just can be carried out growth and breeding and Metabolic activity for a long time again, has characteristics such as cost is low, processing efficiency is high, environmental protection.
Embodiment
Example 1:
Adopting square brick and cement to build up specification is 1*1*0.5 rice, and pool wall thickness is 15 centimetres upper shed flute profile filter tank, is that preceding high back is low at the bottom of the pond, and the angle of inclination is 5 °, is provided with water inlet pipe at the top, filter tank.Low level one side is provided with water shoot at the bottom of the pond, lays gravel bed, coarse sands layer, fine sand layer and dirt bed in the filter tank from bottom to top successively, and gravel diameter is 3 * 1 cm, and thickness is 12cm.Fine sand particle diameter 0.5mm, thickness are 13cm.Dirt bed thickness is 10cm.、
After build up in the filter tank, inject fresh water, soaked for 1 week, after 1 week, discharge fresh water, inject fresh seawater.Adopt water to ladle out the band water perinereis aibuhitensis seed of evenly splashing, the seed size is 10 just to have saved, throw seedling density and be 600 tails/square metre.With nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, EM bacterium bacterial classification and the denitrifying bacterium of artificial culture or market purchase, according to the 3:3:2:1(volume ratio) to mix, the sea water mixing of mixing back and 10 times of volumes is even, adopts water to ladle out evenly and splashes in the filter tank.The unit square rice biological filter mixed strains volume of splashing is 1L.Throw something and feed through 50 mesh sieve tulles filter to collect and the residual bait of the big water chestnut fish that concentrated drying in the sun is propagated artificially and ight soil as clam worm bait, throw in bacterial classification within 2 weeks, daily ration, feeding quantity be in the filter tank clam worm TBW 20%, the clam worm bait that the residual bait that produces and ight soil can be used as above-mentioned flora of ingesting, the daily ration of feeding according to clam worm body weight 10% gets final product later on.Within 1 week, adopt the mode that only adds not draining of water behind the input bacterial classification, add about 1/10 of filter tank height at every turn.Adopt the mode of tide simulation to change water after 1 week, day change water 2 times, drained Chi Shui with 2 hours at every turn, do dew after 3 hours again with filling with Chi Shui in 2 hours.
Example 2:
Adopting square brick and cement to build up specification is 5*5*0.5 rice, and pool wall thickness is 15 centimetres upper shed flute profile filter tank, is that preceding high back is low at the bottom of the pond, and the angle of inclination is 10 °, is provided with water inlet pipe at the top, filter tank.Low level one side is provided with water shoot at the bottom of the pond, lays gravel bed, coarse sands layer, fine sand layer and dirt bed in the filter tank from bottom to top successively, and gravel diameter is 1 * 12cm, and thickness is 8cm.Fine sand particle diameter 1.0mm, thickness are 17cm.Dirt bed thickness is 14cm.、
After build up in the filter tank, inject fresh water, soaked for 1 week, after 1 week, discharge fresh water, inject fresh seawater.Adopt water to ladle out the band water pillow of evenly splashing and enclose the clam worm seed, the seed size is 3 just to have saved, throw seedling density and be 2000 tails/square metre.With nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, EM bacterium bacterial classification and the denitrifying bacterium of artificial culture or market purchase, according to the 1:1:1:1(volume ratio) to mix, the sea water mixing of mixing back and 10 times of volumes is even, adopts water to ladle out evenly and splashes in the filter tank.The unit square rice biological filter mixed strains volume of splashing is 10L.Throw something and feed through 100 mesh sieve tulles filter to collect and the residual bait of the salmon that concentrated drying in the sun is propagated artificially and ight soil as clam worm bait, throw in bacterial classification within 2 weeks, daily ration, feeding quantity be in the filter tank clam worm TBW 10%, the clam worm bait that the residual bait that produces and ight soil can be used as above-mentioned flora of ingesting, the daily ration of feeding according to clam worm body weight 10% gets final product later on.Within 1 week, adopt the mode that only adds not draining of water behind the input bacterial classification, add about 1/10 of filter tank height at every turn.Adopt the modes of tide simulation to change water after 2 weeks, day change water 1 time, drained Chi Shui with 2 hours at every turn, do dew after 3 hours again with filling with Chi Shui in 2 hours.
Claims (3)
1. the cultural method of microbial film in the clam worm biological filter is characterized in that:
1), set up the biological filter: there is a upper shed groove in this filter tank, establish water inlet pipe at this top, filter tank, be provided with water shoot in the bottom, pond, water shoot passes back, pool wall bottom and links to each other with the filter tank outer water pipe with elbow, lay gravel bed, coarse sands layer, fine sand layer and dirt bed in the filter tank from bottom to top successively, wherein gravel diameter is 1～3 * 1～2 cm, and thickness is 8-12cm; Fine sand particle diameter 0.5-1.0mm, thickness are 13-17cm; The dirt bed lower thickness limit is 10cm;
2), culture clam worm in the filter tank: after build up in the filter tank, inject fresh water, soaked for 1 week, after 1 week, discharge fresh water, inject fresh seawater, adopt water to ladle out band water and evenly splash and enclose the Nereidae animal lymph, throw seedling density and be the 600-2000 tail/square metre, the seed size has just saved for 3-10;
3), throw in bacterial classification: with nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, EM bacterium bacterial classification and the denitrifying bacterium of artificial culture or market purchase, volume ratio according to 1:1:1:1～3:3:2:1 is mixed, it is even with the sea water mixing of 10 times of volumes to mix the back, adopt water to ladle out and evenly splash in the filter tank, the unit square rice biological filter mixed strains volume of splashing is 1-10L;
4), the bait of throwing something and feeding: throw something and feed through 50-100 mesh sieve tulle filter collect and the residual bait of the sea water fish that concentrated drying in the sun is propagated artificially and ight soil as clam worm bait, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 10-20% of clam worm TBW in the filter tank, the clam worm bait that the residual bait that produces and ight soil can be used as above-mentioned flora of ingesting, throw in bacterial classification 1-2 within week, can strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity, the daily ration of feeding according to clam worm body weight 10% gets final product later on;
5), change water: 1-2 adopts the mode that only adds not draining of water within week after throwing in bacterial classification, adds about 1/10 of filter tank height at every turn, 1-2 week, the mode of later employing tide simulation changed water, day change water 1-2 time, at every turn with draining Chi Shui in 2 hours, dried dew after 3 hours again with filling with Chi Shui in 2 hours.
2. the cultural method of microbial film in the clam worm according to claim 1 biological filter is characterized in that: above-mentionedly enclose that the Nereidae animal comprises perinereis aibuhitensis, multiple toothly encloses clam worm, pillow encloses clam worm and flat tooth and encloses clam worm, Japan thorn clam worm.
3. the cultural method of microbial film in the clam worm according to claim 1 and 2 biological filter is characterized in that the above-mentioned sea water fish of propagating artificially comprises turbot, lefteye flounder, Cynoglossus semilaevis, salmon and cabrilla.
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| CN103098763A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method of manually planting functional bacterium flora in clam worm body |
| CN103910433A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-09 | 大连海洋大学 | Tower-type clam worm biofilter |
| CN107129054A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of method suitable for biological activated carbon filter intermittence operation |
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| CN112352715A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 广东海洋大学 | Facility and method for large-scale culture of perinereis aibuhitensis by using prawn culture wastewater |
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| CN103910433A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-09 | 大连海洋大学 | Tower-type clam worm biofilter |
| CN107129054A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of method suitable for biological activated carbon filter intermittence operation |
| CN108094275A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-01 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | A kind of centralized collection method of pond culture standing grain worm |
| CN112352715A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 广东海洋大学 | Facility and method for large-scale culture of perinereis aibuhitensis by using prawn culture wastewater |
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