JP2004016163A - Method for resource-circulating treatment of culture residue by using useful invertebrate - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To recycle and reuse resources by treating a culture residue of fish and shellfish with a useful invertebrate. <P>SOLUTION: A culture residue composed mainly of the feces of fish and shellfish is supplied as a feed for a useful aqueous invertebrate such as lugworm to convert the residue into the lugworm body and the residue is recovered and reused as the feces of the invertebrate. The method is effective for converting the culture residue as a resource to the useful invertebrate, reducing the amount of sludge and usable as a resource-recycling method to reduce the environmental pollution load. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for treating aquaculture residues (sludge) such as fish and shellfish residual food and feces using useful invertebrate biological functions, and a resource recycling method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, most of the seafood cultivation in Japan is carried out in open systems such as ikesu and floating systems, and the farming residues generated from the system are discharged to the sea and rivers almost untreated. ing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For this reason, it has been pointed out that wastewater containing aquaculture residues from aquaculture facilities may be a source of nutrient pollution load to public waters. There are some onshore aquaculture systems equipped with sedimentation tanks, sedimentation ponds, screen filters, etc., but the method of treating farming residues collected by these physical methods has not been established. In particular, fish dung is easily broken and easily suspended in water, and is not easy to handle.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for effectively utilizing and efficiently removing a culture residue such as fish and shellfish dung and remaining food in a culture system that is difficult to treat.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a resource-recycling culture residue that feeds aquatic useful invertebrates in an aquaculture facility mainly composed of fish and shellfish to convert them into an animal body and collects and reuses them as feces of the invertebrates. The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing system for this.
[0005]
The present inventors have conducted various studies on useful aquatic invertebrates (hereinafter, simply referred to as invertebrates) that can be used for resource-recycling-type farming residue treatment. They found that they feed directly on fish and shellfish feces as well as feed (mixed feeds, etc.). The method for treating a culture residue of the present invention is characterized in that a culture residue that is a pollutant load source in water bodies as it is is converted into an invertebrate as a resource. Invertebrates that can be used in the present invention include crabs and crayfishes in addition to the above.
[0006]
Among the invertebrates examined above, the droppings such as moss and shrimp, and the shrimp such as prawns are sedimentable in granular form (fecal grain) and have the strength to withstand handling using nets and siphons. It has been found that it can be easily removed from the facility.
Although almost the same feed is used for cultured fish and shellfish, invertebrates to be used are preferably selected according to the type of fish and shellfish to be cultured. Depending on the purpose, invertebrates to be selected include those that grow only as diet as described above, those that excrete faeces that can be easily post-processed, and those that have both. It is good to breed one or more species.
[0007]
In order to design a method and an apparatus for treating aquaculture residues, it is necessary to know the amount of fish and shellfish excretion of invertebrates, the amount of excretion of feces, and the amount of excretion of the target fish and shellfish.
The treatment method, namely, the cultivation of fish and shellfish and the breeding method of invertebrates are as follows: (1) a method in which cultured fish and shellfish and an invertebrate are carried out in the same aquaculture tank without partitions; and (2) a method in which aquaculture tanks with partitions are provided. A method of rearing, and (3) a method of separately cultivating a tank for cultivating fish and shellfish and a tank for breeding invertebrates may be considered, and a processing apparatus is designed according to these.
The method (1) can be applied to the case where the invertebrates are living organisms in the sand or soil at the bottom of the aquaculture tank and can coexist without damaging the fish and shellfish. The method (2) is applied to a case where it is not desirable to rear in the same aquarium depending on the cultured fish and shellfish, such as invertebrates such as crab and shrimp. For example, a net tank is used, or a tank is divided up and down with a mushroom, a partition, etc., and the upper part is a fish and fish cultivation part, and the lower part is an invertebrate breeding part. The method (3) is a method of circulating water from an aquarium for cultivating fish and shellfish into a breeding aquarium for invertebrates.
For example, when prawns are used as invertebrates, it is better to use sand instead of gravel on the breeding floor, and it is not necessary to lay anything in sea cucumber, so the structure of the invertebrates and the treatment tank according to the treatment method You should select
[0008]
If the invertebrate has sufficiently digested the remaining food and excrement (feces) of the cultured fish and shellfish and the amount of excretion (feces) from the invertebrate is significantly reduced, filter the breeding water according to a conventional method. Alternatively, it may be settled and circulated to the aquaculture tank or discharged out of the system. If invertebrates excrete faeces as easy-to-handle particulate matter, the bottom of the breeding section should be a mushroom or perforated partition plate so that the stool drops to the bottom of the tank, or The fecal particles collected at the bottom are removed by a method such as blowing it to one end with a jet water stream and sucking it with a siphon or the like.
If necessary, invertebrate food may be provided in addition to the cultured fish and shellfish residues in order to make the excrement excreted by the invertebrates into a solid matter that can be easily processed. Invertebrate droppings are those that are easy to handle and do not collapse, such as spheres or short rods.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, as an example of a method and an apparatus for treating a farming residue, a design example in which a sea creature is combined as an invertebrate and a flounder is used as a cultured fish and shell which emits a pollutant load (feces) will be described. When processing other fish and shellfish feces, use the information on the amount of feces excreted, and when using other invertebrates, use the information on the amount of fish and shellfish feces fed and fecal particles excreted. Residue treatment methods and treatment equipment can be designed.
[0010]
(Example of design of aquaculture residue treatment equipment)
Using the flounder feces, the amount of fish faeces per day and the amount of fecal particles excreted per day were determined. As shown in FIG. 1, a sea squid weighing 0.2 to 0.7 g feeds on flounder feces in a dry weight of 10 to 25 mg per day (FIG. 1 (A)), and 1 to 6 mg / day as fecal particles. Is excreted (FIG. 1 (B)). That is, Isogokai excretes about 10 to 43% (average 22.4%) of the fed flounder feces as fecal particles (dry weight) (FIG. 1 (C)).
[0011]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, flounder (weight 35 to 20 g), which ate a mixed feed for flounder at a time of 0.4 to 2.1% (average 0.5%) of the body weight, Within 24 to 72 hours after feeding, a total of 7 to 23% (average 12.7%) weight (dry weight) of feces of the feed formula is eliminated. The commercial feed for the fish was used.
[0012]
Now, when a flounder weighing 1000 g ingests a combined feed of 0.5% of body weight every day and excretes 12.7% of its weight by 24 hours, the excreted feces becomes 635 mg (dry weight). . If the feeding amount of flounder feces of the sea lion is 15 mg per day, the required sea lion is about 42 fish. The optimum population density of the sea lion is about 0.1 fish / cm ^{2 based on the} past breeding experiments. Therefore, the area of the processing apparatus is 420 cm ²  It becomes.
[0013]
It was found that L. japonicum grew by feeding on Japanese flounder feces, and its protein efficiency was no different from that of the compound diets for Japanese flounder and Japanese silkworm. Therefore, the faeces of fish and shellfish including freshwater fish can be used as feed or feed materials for cultivation and breeding of sea lions.
[0014]
The mosquitoes contain about 3% nitrogen and can be reused as feed for other invertebrates. In addition, they found that they did not feed immediately after excretion, but did feed their own feces after some time. By feeding the mosquito grains to the mosquitoes, the flounder stool is reduced to 5% of its original weight.
[0015]
(Breeding and aquaculture residue treatment equipment)
Conventional cultivation and breeding equipment for sea bream is a method in which a collecting pipe is attached to the bottom of the breeding aquarium and sand or gravel is laid on it, making it difficult for fecal particles to be removed, so that the fecal particles are decomposed and an anaerobic layer is formed. In some cases, the breeding environment deteriorated.
According to the present invention, a space is provided between the bottom of the aquarium and the partition plate by providing a mushroom or perforated gap or a porous partition plate above the bottom of the invertebrate breeding aquarium (treatment tank). An invertebrate breeding bed such as gravel was provided on the plate, and the structure was such that fecal particles of the invertebrate were removed below the partition plate by water flow. Further, the bottom of the treated water tank was inclined toward one end or the center (inclination degree: 1/10 to 1/20), so that the dung particles were collected in one dung container. Drainage from the treated water tank is performed by overflowing from the upper part of the water tank or by using a rising pipe so as not to carry the collected fecal particles. This structure is the same when other invertebrates are used.
[0016]
The dung collected in the dung tank of the aquarium is taken out of the aquarium by a drain pipe and disposed of, or returned to the aquarium by a pump and used again as feed for invertebrates, or used for other invertebrates. The water is supplied to a treatment tank containing vertebrates for treatment. Treated water containing no fecal particles discharged from the upper part of the treated water tank is circulated through a biofilter or the like to a fish and shellfish aquaculture tank.
[0017]
Depending on the target organism, sand, gravel and sedimentary charcoal grains (pellets) are used for the invertebrate breeding floor. When charcoal particles are used, they are lighter than sand or gravel and can be moved by a water flow or blown air, so that separation from fecal particles is easy and workability is improved. Further, in the case of circulating filtration rearing, there is an advantage that it is possible to adsorb and remove hardly decomposable organic substances (yellow substances).
For invertebrate breeding aquariums (treatment aquariums), a separate breeding box is created, in which sand and gravel are placed in a box with a perforated plate such as a mushroom to form a breeding floor, and this breeding box is suspended in the aquarium. You may make it. Water or air may be intermittently blown up from the lower surface of the breeding floor to allow the sand and the like on the breeding floor to flow and the accumulated feces to fall under the snowboard, and the breeding box may be configured to vibrate. Is also good.
In particular, the scabs of Isogokai have a large specific gravity, are sedimentable, and are firm and hard to break, so that separation is easy.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is incorporated into a circulation filtration culture system (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55116, Japanese Patent No. 2035885) will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. .
[0019]
EXAMPLE This example shows an example of a processing apparatus in which a fish tank for raising fish and shellfish and a tank for raising invertebrates (a tank for treating aquaculture residues) are separately provided.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a processing system in which the culture residue processing apparatus of the present invention is incorporated in a fish and shellfish breeding aquarium for aquaculture. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a fish and shellfish breeding aquarium, and reference numeral 3 denotes a culture residue treatment device. As the fish and shellfish breeding aquarium 1, any shape of aquarium such as a circular, or a polygonal tank such as a square, hexagon, or octagon can be used. The bottom of the aquarium 1 has an inclination of about 1/10 to 1/20, and due to the flow of water into the breeding aquarium, the cultivation residue of feces and remaining food is automatically collected in the center of the aquarium and discharged from the aquarium bottom. Structure.
[0020]
The culture residue discharged from the bottom of the fish breeding aquarium 1 is supplied to the invertebrate habitat 6 of the invertebrate breeding aquarium 3 from the watering pipe 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the invertebrate habitat 6 is divided and formed by a veneer board 4 and a partition plate 5 provided above the bottom of the breeding aquarium 3. The sprinkling hole of the sprinkling pipe 2 varies depending on the breeding fish and shellfish, but is preferably 5 mm to 8 mm or more in direct line so as not to cause clogging due to the remaining food. In the invertebrate habitat 6, depending on the type of treated organism (invertebrate), sand having a particle size of about 2 to 5 mm, gravel of about 6 to 12 mm, or sedimentary charcoal particles of about 3 to 5 mm Are spread alone or in combination to a thickness of about 5 to 10 cm. The water level (water surface 7) of the invertebrate habitat 6 varies depending on the type of the treated organism, but is set to be 0 to 10 cm higher than the upper surface of the habitat 6 in a state where water is flowing. Adjust according to the height of 8.
[0021]
The feces of the treated organism that has fed the farming residues flow down from the vampire board 4 to the bottom of the invertebrate breeding aquarium 3 by the water flow, and are collected in the feces reservoir 9 by the inclination of the bottom and the water flow.
The dung collected in the dung collection 9 is collected by opening the dung collection cock 10 and used as feed for invertebrates bred in other breeding systems, or by the return pump 14. Return to habitat 6.
The treated water from the rising drainage pipe 8 is used to remove dissolved ammonia and the like in the water by the biofilter 11, and then temperature-controlled by the water temperature control device 13 and circulated to the fish breeding aquarium 1.
[0022]
The aquaculture is carried out by incorporating the aquaculture residue treatment apparatus of the present invention into a 550 L circulating filtration aquaculture system and conducting flounder aquaculture experiments, and measuring the amount of sludge generated when fecal particles are not returned using an invertebrate. The effect of residue treatment was studied. As a result, the cumulative amount of sludge generated at the end was about 24% of the weight (dry weight) of flounder feces calculated from the feed amount of the mixed feed, and the properties showed the form of fecal particles. When the feces were returned and fed again, the sludge generation was calculated to be 5% of the weight of flounder feces, demonstrating the design method and performance of this device.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention converts aquaculture residues, which have been untreated or treated in an activated sludge tank or the like and discharged into public waters, into useful invertebrates as resources, and reduces the amount of sludge generated. It can be used as a resource recycling type environmental pollution load reduction method. In addition, by-products such as useful invertebrates that can be used as fishing baits and direct edible organisms can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amount of flounder feces fed and excreted by the sea lion.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of feed mixed with flounder and the amount of feces excreted.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a culture residue treatment device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a culture residue treatment device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Fish and shellfish breeding tank 2 Watering pipe 3 Invertebrate breeding tank 4 Snowboard board (mesh plate)
Reference Signs List 5 Partition plate 6 Invertebrate habitat 7 Water surface 8 Standing drainage pipe 9 Dung collection 10 Dung collection cock 11 Biofilter 12 Pump 13 Temperature control device

Claims (7)

A method of feeding aquaculture invertebrates such as fish droppings and bait to a useful aquatic invertebrate, and collecting and removing the invertebrate animal body and excreted feces from the fish culture system. A method of breeding useful aquatic invertebrates by using farm residues such as fish droppings and bait as feed. An aquatic useful invertebrate breeding aquarium provided downstream of the fish and aquaculture aquarium, a means for supplying aquaculture water containing farming residues from the aquaculture aquarium to the breeding aquarium, and invertebrate feces generated from the breeding aquarium A fish and shellfish culture residue treatment device comprising means for separating and removing grains. A fish culture apparatus incorporating the apparatus according to claim 3. An aquaculture method that uses the apparatus according to claim 4 and breeds fish and shellfish with a low environmental pollution load. A breeding method using sedimentable charcoal granules (pellets) instead of sand or gravel on the bottom of the useful invertebrate habitat of the breeding aquarium of the apparatus according to claim 3. A method of treating a culture residue and feeding a useful invertebrate in which fecal particles excreted by the useful invertebrate are fed again to the same or different useful invertebrates.

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