CN102290187B - Sub-cooled equipment is carried out to the apparatus and method of closed loop precooling - Google Patents
Sub-cooled equipment is carried out to the apparatus and method of closed loop precooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN102290187B CN102290187B CN201110096855.5A CN201110096855A CN102290187B CN 102290187 B CN102290187 B CN 102290187B CN 201110096855 A CN201110096855 A CN 201110096855A CN 102290187 B CN102290187 B CN 102290187B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
- F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
- F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
- F17C13/007—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of device for carrying out precooling to the subcooled equipment (20) being positioned at low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (26), this device has the first closed loop cooling circuit (30), this the first closed loop cooling circuit comprises heat-transfer fluid, for making this heat-transfer fluid around the circulator (32) of this closed loop circulation and heat extraction device (34), this heat extraction device is arranged to the heat for extracting from this heat-transfer fluid, wherein, described closed circuit makes this heat-transfer fluid flow in this low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (26) and therefrom flows out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of precooling sub-cooled equipment.Particularly relate to a kind of apparatus and method utilizing closed circulation refrigeration system to carry out precooling.The present invention is particularly useful for the precooling of superconducting magnet in MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) system, is applicable to other sub-cooled equipment too.
Background technology
In typical prior art, need usually to be placed in a low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (cryogenvessel) by subcooled device.Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is placed on again in an outer vacuum chamber, and vacuum is pumped in the space between vacuum chamber and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, for low-temperature (low temperature) vessel provides effective thermal insulation.Precooling being carried out normally by adding the agent of liquid deep cooling simply in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel to this device, making its evaporator strip walk heat.With regard to validity, there is certain defect in such device.
Such as, if use refrigeration deep cooling agent working medium in precooling step, liquid helium, this part evaporates and the helium cost leaked in air is very high, is difficult to obtain enough supplementing in some region.Meanwhile, because liquid helium is non-renewable resource, the consumption of liquid helium should be reduced as much as possible.
In some specific apparatus structure, a kind of deep cooling agent of sacrificial, such as liquid nitrogen, be used to device to be cooled to the first temperature at the beginning, this temperature is higher than the temperature of deep cooling agent working medium.Once this being sacrificed property of device deep cooling agent is cooled to the first temperature, a certain amount of deep cooling agent working medium is just added into and this device is cooled to predetermined temperature.The advantage of this device is the sacrificial deep cooling agent of a large amount of cheapnesss, such as liquid nitrogen, is used as the agent of sacrificial deep cooling; The loss of deep cooling agent working medium reduces significantly relative to the device only using a kind of deep cooling agent as deep cooling agent working medium.But, the shortcoming of this method be deep cooling agent working medium likely pollute by the partial sacrifice deep cooling agent that remains.If a part of liquid nitrogen is still stayed when liquid helium is added in refrigeration machine chamber, liquid helium makes cooled with liquid nitrogen arrive the temperature of liquid helium by being used to greatly, counteracts the advantage reducing liquid helium consumption.
The flow chart of the method for cold cooling unit is cooled as shown in Figure 1 in prior art.
Describe in detail below with reference to the superconducting magnet for MRI imaging device, but should be understood that the present invention can be used for any precooling with the cold cooling unit of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.
In first step 10, vacuum is pumped into by low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, is then full of by the helium of normal temperature and pressure.This is to check whether low-temperature (low temperature) vessel exists leakage.Any helium leaking into vacuum section between low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and outer vacuum chamber all can be detected easily, and described vacuum section is formed around low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and provides adiabatic for low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.
In second step 12, helium is rushed blowout low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and precooling process starts, and liquid nitrogen is added into.Be evaporated in atmospheric environment while liquid nitrogen cools magnet structure in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Liquid nitrogen has relatively high thermal capacity, and therefore it is a kind of very effective deep cooling agent.Liquid nitrogen is also very cheap, so magnet structure can be cooled to the first cryogenic temperature by fast and at an easy rate.
At step 14, liquid nitrogen is continued to add, until the liquid nitrogen in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel reaches predetermined amount.
In step 16, magnet is immersed in certain hour in liquid nitrogen, and makes magnet structure entirety reach a stable temperature, the namely boiling point of nitrogen.Once this process terminates, liquid nitrogen will by punching blowout low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.By well-known siphonage, the helium under normal temperature is introduced in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Gas pressure in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel will extrude the agent of liquid deep cooling.Attention must remove whole nitrogen, or removes the nitrogen in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel as much as possible.Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is pumped into vacuum again to remove nitrogen as much as possible.
In next step 18, liquid helium or other deep cooling agent working medium needed are introduced in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Magnet is cooled to operating temperature by evaporation by deep cooling agent working medium.Deep cooling agent working medium is continued to add, until the deep cooling agent working medium in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel reaches scheduled volume.
In the end in a step 20, magnet structure reaches predetermined temperature, and has been filled with the deep cooling agent working medium of scheduled volume.
With regard to validity, this method still consumes a large amount of sacrificial deep cooling agent and deep cooling agent working medium.In a kind of known system, use liquid nitrogen, as the agent of sacrificial deep cooling, magnet is cooled to 70K, also need 1200 liters of liquid heliums that it is cooled to 4K from 70K.Remaining liquid nitrogen if nitrogen wherein is not completely removed, also can increase the consumption of helium further, because also must be frozen and be cooled to the temperature of liquid helium.If there is any deep cooling agent to remain in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, its effect is just equivalent to " poison ", this part residual deep cooling agent will form " ice crystal " around the coil of superconducting magnet, and this may cause the quench phenomenon of superconducting magnet coil in operation process.
About the pre-cooler of prior art, such as, described by having in EP1586833, US5187938, US2005/016187 and GB1324402.In the pre-cooler disclosed by US2005/016187 and US5187938, have employed closed loop cooling circuit, the heat-transfer matcrial wherein circulated by the liquid deep cooling agent of a storage tank as liquid nitrogen cool, before heat-transfer matcrial is by circulator, reached room temperature by heating.This heating consumes any cooling capacity of remaining in heat-transfer matcrial and to cause in system inefficiency significantly.In US5187938, heat-transfer matcrial is pressurised into only slight beyond atmospheric pressure thus prevents from external contaminants from infiltrating.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cooling device, in described cooling device, heat-transfer matcrial need not be heated make it reach room temperature before heat-transfer matcrial is by circulator.So just significantly enhance the efficiency of present system.In a preferred embodiment, present invention also offers a kind of pressurization heat-transfer matcrial, the pressurized pressure reached apparently higher than atmospheric pressure of described heat-transfer matcrial, thus improve heat conductive efficiency.In particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, circulator from its heat extraction device until in the scope of the equipment that will be cooled to cooling heat-transfer matcrial work.
The object of the invention is to eliminate at least some shortcoming of the prior art.Such as, wish the consumption reducing helium, and eliminate the risk caused owing to introducing nitrogen in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.The present invention also aims to simplify precooling program.In low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, only use a kind of deep cooling agent, repeating emptying process can avoid.
Therefore, the invention provides the method and apparatus as described in claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Mentioned above and further object of the present invention, characteristic and advantage regard to the description of specific embodiment under passing through will be more apparent, these embodiments only provide by way of example with reference to accompanying drawing.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows existing forecooling method device being cooled to liquid helium temperature;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In the present invention, existing open loop type cycle refrigerating method, namely contacts with cooled device the refrigerating method evaporated by liquefaction deep cooling agent, substitute by a kind of closed loop circulating precooling method.Deep cooling agent needs to be circulated by between the device that suitably cools and low-temperature receiver at magnet or other.Low-temperature receiver can be active refrigeration machine, also can be the evaporation cavity of a liquid deep cooling agent, a liquid deep cooling agent container be cooled, or one piece of solid deep cooling agent freezed.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention.In fig. 2, superconducting magnet structure 20 comprises said structure shown in a coil 22, figure being coiled on bobbin 24 formed by superconductivity wire and is positioned at the inside of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26, and it is inner that low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26 is positioned at again an outside vacuum tank 28.This layout is completely same as the prior art, and according to the needs of application, can be replaced by other sub-cooled equipment any.
The invention provides a kind of closed loop cycle refrigeration system 30.This kind of refrigeration cycle is the circulation of the body loop with heat transfer stream, and wherein, circulator 32 is used for making heat-transfer fluid along closed cycle flow as compressor or fan, also comprises a heat extraction device 34 for extracting heat from heat-transfer fluid.In the embodiment shown in the figures, the helium in circulation enters and flows out low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26.After entering low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, helium absorbs heat and is heated from magnet structure.Compressor, as circulator 32 compressed helium to predetermined pressure, is generally in the scope of absolute pressure 100-300kPa.Must it is specifically intended that the pressure of helium not to be added to the pressure limit exceeding low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26 and can bear.Compressor makes helium flow in closed circuit, and increases the density of helium, thus increases the heat-transfer capability of helium.The gas of compression flows out from compressor, flow in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26 through the pipeline 36 closed.Helium absorbs heat from magnet, and enters the pipeline leading to extractor 34.Heat extraction device can be active Cryo Refrigerator, such as mechanical refrigeration machine.Illustrate, mechanical refrigeration machine can be the refrigeration machine based on Stirling cycle.Heat extraction device 34 also can be passive refrigeration machine, such as liquid deep cooling agent container, or in a large number solid-state, freezing, with the deep cooling agent of pipeline 36 thermo-contact of conveying heat-transfer fluid.
In a preferred embodiment, passive cooled device have employed liquid deep cooling agent container, or a large amount of solid-state deep cooling agent is used for cooling magnet, until the temperature of magnet reaches the first temperature, this temperature is not less than the temperature of liquid or solid deep cooling agent, and along with the flowing of heat-transfer fluid, passive cooled device switches to active refrigeration machine from liquid or solid-state deep cooling agent, continue to be cooled to predetermined precooling temperature, this temperature is lower than the temperature only using passive cooled device to reach.
Along with magnet structure is cooled, under specified pressure, the density of heat-transfer fluid helium will rise, and heat transfer efficiency also rises thereupon.If the power of heat extraction device is enough large, parasitic hot-fluid will remain on minimum of a value, and magnet will finally be cooled to close to its running temperature.Or if the power of device is large not or efficiency is not high enough, the temperature of magnet will keep stable.Gas in pipeline 36 and compressor 32 even can liquefy.At this moment, deep cooling agent working medium will be full of in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Owing to preferably using same deep cooling agent working medium in precooling process, therefore there is not the danger that the agent of being sacrificed property deep cooling is polluted in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel yet.In this course, the deep cooling agent working medium of consumption is relatively less, and the evaporation process due to deep cooling agent only exists only in and cools to the process of running temperature from a cryogenic temperature, instead of is present in the whole process from normal temperature borehole cooling to running temperature.
Refrigeration can be realized by the power consumption of active deep cooling agent, also can by the evaporation of liquid deep cooling agent, or the melting of solid-state deep cooling agent, or heats other deep cooling agent and other deep cooling agent is undergone phase transition.
The embodiment of power-actuated active refrigeration machine is only used the most easily to realize.
Although here we mainly describe the situation using helium as deep cooling agent working medium, other deep cooling agent is also applicable for the material of cooled device.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, can cool the magnet in known MRI system with 4K speed hourly, that is magnet can be cooled to 4K from normal temperature in 74 hours.The mass flow that the efficiency of the heat transfer system shifted out from magnet by heat is subject to heat-transfer fluid limited.Two kinds of methods are had to increase mass flow.First the density of fluid can be increased by the pressure increasing gas; Or by increasing volume flow.In the present embodiment, the pressure of heat-transfer fluid is applied in the inside of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Usually, low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is merely able to the absolute pressure of bearing about 300kPa.Which limits the pressure that can add to heat-transfer fluid.Therefore, if need to increase cooling rate by increasing the mass flow flowing through cryostat, just volume flow must be increased: the speed that namely must increase the heat-transfer fluid flowing through pipeline 36.This mass flow is determined by compressor 32.Assisted Extraction can be carried out for the volume flow needed by a fan.In a preferred embodiment, instead of compressor with fan.Fluid will circulate at lower pressures, but when its thermal capacity after fluid cooling will increase, thus the efficiency of cooling device is increased.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.This invention has the cooling circuit of two closed loops.First closes cooling circuit 50 for cooling magnet 20 by the mode similar with the method that describes in Fig. 2, and difference is that heat extraction device is in a heat exchanger 42.Circulator 52 is for ensureing the volume flow of the first heat-transfer fluid circulated.First heat-transfer fluid enters and flows out low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26, and same fluid also can be selected as the deep cooling agent working medium in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Usually helium is selected at present.In this embodiment, the second closed cooling circuit 40 carrys out cooling heat exchanger 42 by the second heat-transfer fluid of circulation between heat exchanger 42 and heat extraction device 44.Heat extraction device can comprise active refrigeration machine, such as a kind of power-actuated Cryo Refrigerator, such as, based on the refrigeration machine of Stirling cycle, or a kind of passive heat extraction device such as liquid deep cooling agent container, or a large amount of solid-state deep cooling agent.In a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figure, deep cooling agent container 46 and mechanical refrigeration machine 44 use simultaneously, and the operation of this layout will be described in more detail below.Second heat-transfer fluid does not need identical with the heat-transfer fluid that first closes in cooling circuit 50.Preferred, the second heat-transfer fluid does not need identical with the deep cooling agent working medium in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel yet.
An advantage of embodiment is as shown in Figure 3, second closes the pressure of the second heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit 40 not by the restriction of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 26 proof pressure.Be in operation, before magnet itself is devoted oneself to work, second closes cooling circuit 40 first brings into operation, so that cooling heat exchanger 42.In a preferred embodiment, before the first closed cooling circuit 50 brings into operation, heat exchanger 42 first can be cooled to the temperature of about 20K.Since the operation of the second closed circulation 40 is not by the restriction of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel proof pressure, active refrigeration machine 44 just can run under the pressure of its best and efficiency.In this approach, when the first cool cycles 50 brings into operation cooling magnet, the first heat-transfer fluid is cooled by heat exchanger 42 immediately.This will make the density of the heat-transfer fluid flowing to magnet at first increase, and increases the mass flow of heat-transfer fluid, and increases the temperature difference between magnet 20 and heat exchanger 42.Each above-mentioned result all can increase the initial efficiency of cooling magnet, and enables effectively to cool this process of magnet and realize in the short period of time.Heat exchanger 42 should be designed to have very large thermal capacity, and when the cooling of magnet is started, heat exchanger is only heat up slowly, makes the cooling rate of magnet relatively high and basicly stable.
In this embodiment, identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, heat extraction device can use mechanical refrigeration machine 44.As an alternative, second close cooling circuit also can be arranged to while by a low temperature thermal reactor with its thermo-contact.Such as, the second pipeline closing cooling circuit can be placed to and contact with liquid nitrogen bath, can be cooled to about 70K.In another embodiment, the second pipeline closing cooling circuit is placed with and contacts with a cryogenic nitrogen, can be cooled to the temperature being starkly lower than 70K.In the modified example that this embodiment is more senior, the stainless steel tube of conveying heat-transfer fluid is dipped in aluminium block, then is immersed in by whole equipment in liquid or solid-state sacrificial deep cooling agent.In order to effectively cool magnet, cooling procedure should from the second heat-transfer fluid along second close cooling circuit 40 flow, by a passive refrigeration machine, such as liquid deep cooling agent container 40 or the agent of solid metal block deep cooling.Once heat exchanger 42 is cooled to temperature that is liquid or solid-state deep cooling agent, the flowing of heat-transfer fluid will be switched to active mechanical refrigeration machine 44, to be used for lowering the temperature further to heat exchanger 42, make temperature lower than the temperature of the temperature in liquid deep cooling agent container 46 or solid-state deep cooling agent.When the temperature of heat exchanger 42 rises to the temperature higher than liquid deep cooling agent container 46 or solid deep cooling agent block again, the rising of such as temperature may be the inflow again due to heat in magnet 20, at this moment the second heat-transfer fluid will flow through liquid deep cooling agent container 46 or solid deep cooling agent block again, cooling heat exchanger again.
Certainly, heat exchanger 42, refrigeration machine 44, liquid deep cooling agent container 46 and the pipeline that connects these parts all must carry out entering of effective adiabatic in case stop ring border hot-fluid.Also need in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 to consider same problem.
Although be only described several limited special embodiment in the present invention, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can carry out diversified distortion and improvement in the scope of the claim restriction appended by the present invention.
Such as, can find out in the context of the present invention, very high and power is very large based on Stirling cycle and by power-actuated efficiency of refrigerator.(this refrigeration machine is proved to be closely, power very large and transportable).But the Cryo Refrigerator of other form known also can be applied in the present invention.Emphasis of the present invention describes the situation using helium as deep cooling agent working medium.And for traditional cryogenic magnet, other deep cooling agent working medium also can be selected according to the characteristic of cold cooling unit in the framework of the present definition.Such as, liquid nitrogen just can be used to be cooled to superconducting state for known so-called high-temperature superconductor.
The heat exchanger described with reference to figure 3 is equivalent to a calorifics battery: " cold " is stored in a heat exchanger, and " cold " can be provided by the deep cooling agent material suitably cooled by a kind of or provided by the second operation closing cooling circuit.After these " colds " stored again by " supply " to cooling device.Heat exchanger is made up of suitable material.Selected material must have very high thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal capacity under required running temperature.The material of heat exchanger must be selected according to predetermined running temperature.When running temperature is 20K, the nitrogen freezed is just very applicable.When running temperature is at 80K, the ice that water is formed is very applicable.All these materials are all very abundant, cheap and do not pollute.
Some feature of the present invention brings some special advantages.By using the deep cooling agent block freezed as the second low-temperature receiver, or heat exchanger, the temperature lower than deep cooling agent boiling point used can be obtained.Such as, nitrogen uses as deep cooling agent is very economical.Do not need further cooling, only use liquid nitrogen just can cool and reach 70K, only liquid nitrogen need be allowed to evaporate under a fixed temperature.By carrying out initial cooling to deep cooling agent, chilling temperature can reach 20K, and this will reduce the consumption of the deep cooling agent working medium for cooling magnet or miscellaneous equipment at operating temperatures significantly.Illustrate, use helium as deep cooling agent working medium, for the boiling by Cooling Heat Transfer fluid nitrogen from 80K be cooled to 4K need consume liquid helium, and if magnet or miscellaneous equipment can be cooled to 20K, liquid helium only needs temperature to be down to 4K from 20K, and its consumption will greatly reduce.
Because the second cool cycles is not exposed to the inside of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, the pressure of the second heat-transfer fluid is not just subject to the restriction of the maximum pressure that low-temperature (low temperature) vessel can bear yet.Illustrate, the maximum absolute pressure that normally used low-temperature (low temperature) vessel can bear is approximately 300kPa.Second pressure closing the gas deep cooling agent in cooling circuit will be significantly higher than the pressure that first closes the heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit.The increase of this pressure will increase the heat-transfer capability of fluid significantly, because the density of fluid has been increased.Therefore, the heat-transfer capability of the second cool cycles is closed cooling circuit and has been greatly improved relative to first, increase the cooling rate of heat exchanger 42, therefore the cooling rate of magnet or miscellaneous equipment has also just been increased.
Claims (35)
1. one kind for carrying out the device of precooling to the sub-cooled equipment being positioned at low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, this device has first and closes cooling circuit, this first close cooling circuit comprise the first heat-transfer fluid, for make this first heat-transfer fluid around this first close cooling circuit circulation circulator and heat extraction device, this heat extraction device is arranged to the heat for extracting from this first heat-transfer fluid, wherein
Described first closes cooling circuit makes this first heat-transfer fluid flow in this low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and therefrom flows out,
The described heat extraction device extracting heat from this first heat-transfer fluid is heat exchanger, described heat exchanger itself is closed cooling circuit by second and is cooled, this second closed cooling circuit comprises the second heat-transfer fluid, for making the second heat-transfer fluid close the second circulator and the second heat extraction device of cooling circuit circulation around second, the second heat extraction device is arranged to for extracting heat from the second heat-transfer fluid.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described circulator comprises compressor, and described compressor is used in the scope of absolute pressure gaseous heat transfer fluid being compressed to 100-300kPa.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described heat extraction device is the outside active refrigeration machine of mechanical type.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat extraction device is passive refrigeration machine, it comprise can with this first deep cooling agent container closing cooling circuit thermo-contact.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that having a large amount of solid-state deep cooling agent in described deep cooling agent container.
6. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described deep cooling agent container provides the chilling temperature lower than 70K.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat extraction device had both comprised active refrigeration machine, also comprise passive refrigeration machine, and be arranged to this second heat-transfer fluid application passive cooled until described sub-cooled equipment is cooled to the first temperature, then flow to active refrigeration machine to provide further cooling by this second heat-transfer fluid of switching, to continue to be cooled to desired temperature, described desired temperature is lower than the temperature only using passive refrigeration machine to reach.
8. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described circulator comprises fan.
9. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the first and second heat-transfer fluids are all gas, and the second pressure closing the second heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit closes the pressure of the first heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit higher than first.
10. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the second the second heat-transfer fluid closed in cooling circuit is different materials from the first the first heat-transfer fluid closed in cooling circuit.
11. devices as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the second heat extraction device is the outside active refrigeration machine of mechanical type.
12. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the second heat extraction device is passive refrigeration machine, it comprise one can be loaded with the deep cooling agent container closing in cooling circuit the pipeline thermo-contact of the second heat-transfer fluid circulated second.
13. devices as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, described deep cooling agent container has a large amount of solid-state deep cooling agent.
14. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second heat extraction device had both comprised active refrigeration machine, also comprise passive refrigeration machine, and described passive refrigeration machine is arranged to the second heat-transfer fluid application passive cooled, until described sub-cooled equipment is cooled to the first temperature, flowing to active refrigeration machine thus further cooling be provided then by switching second heat-transfer fluid, to continue to be cooled to desired temperature, described desired temperature is lower than the temperature only using passive refrigeration machine to reach.
15. devices as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described deep cooling agent container provides the chilling temperature lower than 70K.
16. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second circulator comprises fan.
17. devices as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described heat exchanger comprises a large amount of liquid or solid deep cooling agent; Or the ice that water is formed.
18. 1 kinds for carrying out the method for precooling to the sub-cooled equipment being positioned at low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, it comprises by making the first heat-transfer fluid close the work of the circulator circulated in cooling circuit first, thus make described first heat transfer fluid circulation through this first closed cooling circuit, and the heat extraction device of cooling circuit thermo-contact is closed by one and first, heat is extracted from this first heat-transfer fluid, wherein, described first heat-transfer fluid is entered in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel also therefrom flow out
Described heat extraction device is heat exchanger, described heat exchanger itself is closed cooling circuit by second and is cooled, this second closed cooling circuit comprises the second heat-transfer fluid, for making the second heat-transfer fluid close the second circulator and the second heat extraction device of cooling circuit circulation around second, the second heat extraction device is arranged to for extracting heat from the second heat-transfer fluid.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, described circulator comprises compressor, and described compressor is used in the scope of absolute pressure gaseous heat transfer fluid being compressed to 100-300kPa.
20. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, described heat extraction device is the outside active refrigeration machine of mechanical type.
21. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, described heat extraction device comprises passive refrigeration machine, and it one can close the deep cooling agent container of cooling circuit thermo-contact with first.
22. methods as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, extraction heat like this, namely, start by using the passive cooled mode of deep cooling agent container to extract heat, until described sub-cooled equipment reaches the first temperature, described first temperature is not less than the temperature of sacrificial deep cooling agent, and then extract heat, to be continued to be cooled to desired precooling temperature by described sub-cooled equipment by active refrigeration machine.
23. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, described second closes cooling circuit closes operation before cooling circuit runs, to cool described heat exchanger first.
24. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, described second heat extraction device is the outside active refrigeration machine of mechanical type.
25. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, described second heat extraction device comprises passive refrigeration machine, and it one can close the deep cooling agent container of cooling circuit thermo-contact with first.
26. methods as claimed in claim 24, it is characterized in that, close cooling circuit by second and so extract heat, namely, start by using the passive cooled mode of deep cooling agent container to extract heat, until described sub-cooled equipment reaches the first temperature, described first temperature is not less than the temperature of deep cooling agent container, and then extract heat by active refrigeration machine, to be continued to be cooled to desired precooling temperature by described sub-cooled equipment, described precooling temperature is lower than the temperature only using deep cooling agent container to reach.
27. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, the second circulator comprises fan.
28. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, the first and second heat-transfer fluids are all gas, and the second pressure closing the second heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit closes the pressure of the first heat-transfer fluid in cooling circuit higher than first.
29. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, the second the second heat-transfer fluid closed in cooling circuit is different materials from the first the first heat-transfer fluid closed in cooling circuit.
30. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, the active refrigeration machine of mechanical type by outside extracts heat from the second closed cooling circuit.
31. methods as claimed in claim 25, is characterized in that, to close cooling circuit extract heat by passive refrigeration machine from second, described passive refrigeration facility have one with the deep cooling agent container of the second closed cooling circuit thermo-contact.
32. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, described second heat extraction device comprises active refrigeration machine and passive refrigeration machine, from the second closed cooling circuit, heat is extracted by active refrigeration machine and passive refrigeration machine, be arranged to utilize the second heat-transfer fluid passive cooled, until make described sub-cooled equipment reach the first temperature, then the second heat-transfer fluid flowing is switched to active refrigeration machine to cool further to provide, to continue to be cooled to desired precooling temperature.
33. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, the second circulator comprises fan.
34. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, heat exchanger is formed by a large amount of liquid or solid deep cooling agent; Or the ice of to be formed by water is formed.
35. methods as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, close heat exchanger before cooling circuit runs first be cooled to a specific cryogenic temperature first.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0526163.1 | 2005-12-22 | ||
| GB0526163A GB2433581B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Closed-loop precooling of cryogenically cooled equipment |
| CN2006101310212A CN101106006B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-21 | Closed-loop pre-cooling of cryogenically cooled equipment |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101310212A Division CN101106006B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-21 | Closed-loop pre-cooling of cryogenically cooled equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102290187A CN102290187A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102290187B true CN102290187B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Family
ID=35841005
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110096855.5A Expired - Fee Related CN102290187B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-21 | Sub-cooled equipment is carried out to the apparatus and method of closed loop precooling |
| CN2006101310212A Expired - Fee Related CN101106006B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-21 | Closed-loop pre-cooling of cryogenically cooled equipment |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101310212A Expired - Fee Related CN101106006B (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-21 | Closed-loop pre-cooling of cryogenically cooled equipment |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070245749A1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP5196781B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN102290187B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2433581B (en) |
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-
2006
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- 2006-12-21 CN CN2006101310212A patent/CN101106006B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-21 US US11/642,862 patent/US20070245749A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-22 JP JP2006345799A patent/JP5196781B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-05-16 JP JP2012112570A patent/JP5869423B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2007205709A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| GB2433581B (en) | 2008-02-27 |
| JP5196781B2 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| JP5869423B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
| CN102290187A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| GB0526163D0 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| GB2433581A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CN101106006A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| US20070245749A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| CN101106006B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| JP2012184918A (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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