US20130186110A1 - Auxiliary Cryogenic Cooling Systems Based on Commercial Cryo-Coolers - Google Patents

Auxiliary Cryogenic Cooling Systems Based on Commercial Cryo-Coolers Download PDF

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US20130186110A1
US20130186110A1 US13/548,291 US201213548291A US2013186110A1 US 20130186110 A1 US20130186110 A1 US 20130186110A1 US 201213548291 A US201213548291 A US 201213548291A US 2013186110 A1 US2013186110 A1 US 2013186110A1
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tunable
cryostat
closed loop
cryocooler
loop circulation
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US13/548,291
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Sastry Pamidi
Daniel Crook
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Florida State University Research Foundation Inc
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Assigned to FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION reassignment FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CROOK, DANIEL, PAMIDI, SASTRY
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of heat transfer. More specifically, the invention comprises a device and method for distributing cooling capacity of a prior art cryo-cooler to one or more auxiliary applications needing such cooling capacity.
  • a cryo-cooler is a commercially available device capable of producing extremely low temperatures.
  • Superconducting power system components and other electronic components requiring very low temperatures are entering the marketplace in the fields of defense, aerospace, and power distribution systems.
  • the most common device for achieving cryogenic temperatures in such devices is a cryo-cooler. These are typically gas compression devices such as Stirling cycle engines.
  • cryo-coolers operate like residential heat pumps, in that they are generally only “on” or “off.” In other words, they have no throttling capacity. Such systems are often designed with excess cooling capacity in order to provide a suitable engineering margin and to accommodate the occasional “spike” cooling load. They generally run while the application is running. Since there is some degree of excess cooling capacity during most operations, the application will actually be over-cooled without an additional feature.
  • the additional feature is the inclusion of a small heater to controllably raise and stabilize the temperature of the application itself. This is analogous to providing a central air conditioning system sized to overcool a house and then using a controllable space heater to bring the temperature in one room of the house up to a desired level. Obviously this is an inefficient approach.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art cryocooled application 10 in which a cryo-cooler is configured to provide cooling to an experimental application.
  • the cryo-cooler in this example is a helium compressor 14 . It feeds very cold helium gas through delivery line 22 to cold head 16 .
  • the cold gas provides cooling to experimental application 18 housed in cryostat 12 .
  • the gas is returned to the helium pump by return line 24 .
  • Heater 20 is provided to maintain experimental application 18 at a suitable temperature.
  • the heater may assume many forms, with one example being an electrical heater having a variable voltage input.
  • the heater provides a variable amount of heat transfer to the experimental application so that a constant temperature can be maintained (or so that the temperature can be varied in a controlled fashion, if that is desired).
  • cryo-coolers are heavy and often increase the footprint and weight of the overall application. Providing a cryo-cooler for each cooling application is obviously inefficient. It would therefore be preferable to use a single cryo-cooler to provide cooling for two or more applications.
  • the present invention provides a device and method for accomplishing this goal.
  • the present invention comprises a novel apparatus and method for distributing the cooling capacity provided by a commercial cryo-cooler.
  • the cryo-cooler is connected to a first application housed in a first cryostat.
  • a second application is provided—typically in a second cryostat.
  • a heat exchanger is added to the first application. Circulating gas lines connect this heat exchanger to the second application contained in the second cryostat. Helium is circulated in the gas lines, with the flow of the helium being regulated so that it may be throttled between a zero flow condition and a maximum flow condition. The circulating helium gas transfers some of the available cooling capacity from the first application to the second application. This circulation regulates the temperature of both applications.
  • cryocooled application 12 cryostat 14 helium compressor 16 cold head 18 experimental application 20 heater 22 delivery line 24 return line 26 tunable helium flow system 28 delivery line 29 return line 30 auxiliary application 32 heat exchanger
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, showing a prior art cryo-cooler providing cooling to a single experimental application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view, showing the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cryocooled application of FIG. 1 with the addition of a heat transfer apparatus constructed according to the present invention.
  • Heat exchanger 32 is thermally connected to the cooling delivery system providing cooling to experimental application 18 .
  • the thermal connection can be achieved via any suitable means. Directly attaching the heat exchanger to the cold head is one suitable approach.
  • Heat exchanger 32 is then connected to auxiliary application 30 in a second cryostat 12 via a closed loop circulation system.
  • Delivery line 28 carries gas from heat exchanger 32 and return line 29 returns gas from auxiliary application 30 .
  • the circulating gas is preferably cold helium.
  • Tunable helium flow system 26 regulates the flow of the gas circulating between heat exchanger 32 and auxiliary application 30 .
  • Tunable helium flow system may comprise many individual components.
  • a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive can be used to continuously alter the rate of flow in the circulating loop.
  • One or more throttling valves, check valves, and shut-off valves may be included as well.
  • variable speed drive is able to continuously vary its rotational speed over a range of speeds.
  • continuously should be understood in this context to include an infinitely variable drive and a drive which is capable of operating at a number of different and discrete speed steps. Some drives deemed “continuously” variable have as few as 4 different speed steps, though it is more common to have 16 or more possible speed steps.
  • variable speed drive may be used to directly drive a centrifugal pump, or the pump may be driven through a gear-train or other ratio-creating device. In any case, varying the speed of the variable speed drive also varies the speed of the centrifugal pump and thereby varies the flow rate within the circulating loop.
  • a throttling valve may also be used to continuously vary the flow rate.
  • a throttling valve may be a simple butterfly valve, a needle-and-seat valve, a spring-loaded globe valve, or any other suitable type of valve.
  • the position of the valve may be varied infinitely. Alternatively, it may be possible to place the valve in any number of discrete positions.
  • tunable helium flow system 26 is to provide a controlled and variable flow rate in the circulating loop connecting heat exchanger 32 to auxiliary application 30 .
  • the tunable flow system is thereby able to transmit some of the excess available cooling capacity at experimental application 18 to auxiliary application 30 . This regulates the temperature of experimental application 18 without the use of a heater.
  • inventive system can be applied to two or more auxiliary applications by providing a tunable helium flow system 26 with multiple lines and flow control devices.
  • a single cryo-cooler having considerable capacity could thereby supply two, three, or more applications needing cooling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

A novel apparatus and method for distributing the cooling capacity provided by a commercial cryo-cooler. The cryo-cooler is connected to a first application housed in a first cryostat. A second application is provided—typically in a second cryostat. A heat exchanger is added to the first application. Circulating gas lines connect this heat exchanger to the second application contained in the second cryostat. Helium is circulated in the gas lines, with the flow of the helium being regulated so that it may be throttled between a zero flow condition and a maximum flow condition. The circulating helium gas transfers some of the available cooling capacity from the first application to the second application. This circulation regulates the temperature of both applications.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This non-provisional application claims the benefit of an earlier-filed provisional application pursuant to the provisions of 37 C.F.R. §(c). The provisional application was assigned Ser. No. 61/507,725. It was filed on Jul. 13, 2011 and listed the same inventors.
    • STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
  • This application is based on work performed at the Center for Advanced Power Systems at the Florida State University. A portion of this work has been funded by the United States Navy.
    • MICROFICHE APPENDIX
  • Not Applicable
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • This invention relates to the field of heat transfer. More specifically, the invention comprises a device and method for distributing cooling capacity of a prior art cryo-cooler to one or more auxiliary applications needing such cooling capacity.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • A cryo-cooler is a commercially available device capable of producing extremely low temperatures. Superconducting power system components and other electronic components requiring very low temperatures are entering the marketplace in the fields of defense, aerospace, and power distribution systems. The most common device for achieving cryogenic temperatures in such devices is a cryo-cooler. These are typically gas compression devices such as Stirling cycle engines.
  • Commercial cryo-coolers operate like residential heat pumps, in that they are generally only “on” or “off.” In other words, they have no throttling capacity. Such systems are often designed with excess cooling capacity in order to provide a suitable engineering margin and to accommodate the occasional “spike” cooling load. They generally run while the application is running. Since there is some degree of excess cooling capacity during most operations, the application will actually be over-cooled without an additional feature. The additional feature is the inclusion of a small heater to controllably raise and stabilize the temperature of the application itself. This is analogous to providing a central air conditioning system sized to overcool a house and then using a controllable space heater to bring the temperature in one room of the house up to a desired level. Obviously this is an inefficient approach.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art cryocooled application 10 in which a cryo-cooler is configured to provide cooling to an experimental application. The cryo-cooler in this example is a helium compressor 14. It feeds very cold helium gas through delivery line 22 to cold head 16. The cold gas provides cooling to experimental application 18 housed in cryostat 12. The gas is returned to the helium pump by return line 24.
  • Heater 20 is provided to maintain experimental application 18 at a suitable temperature. The heater may assume many forms, with one example being an electrical heater having a variable voltage input. The heater provides a variable amount of heat transfer to the experimental application so that a constant temperature can be maintained (or so that the temperature can be varied in a controlled fashion, if that is desired).
  • It is typical to provide an individual cryo-cooler for each application requiring cooling, even though some of the applications may be in close proximity. This is tnie because no suitable device capable of sharing cooling capacity between two or more applications presently exists.
  • Commercial cryo-coolers are heavy and often increase the footprint and weight of the overall application. Providing a cryo-cooler for each cooling application is obviously inefficient. It would therefore be preferable to use a single cryo-cooler to provide cooling for two or more applications. The present invention provides a device and method for accomplishing this goal.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • The present invention comprises a novel apparatus and method for distributing the cooling capacity provided by a commercial cryo-cooler. The cryo-cooler is connected to a first application housed in a first cryostat. A second application is provided—typically in a second cryostat.
  • A heat exchanger is added to the first application. Circulating gas lines connect this heat exchanger to the second application contained in the second cryostat. Helium is circulated in the gas lines, with the flow of the helium being regulated so that it may be throttled between a zero flow condition and a maximum flow condition. The circulating helium gas transfers some of the available cooling capacity from the first application to the second application. This circulation regulates the temperature of both applications.
  • REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS
    10 cryocooled application 12 cryostat
    14 helium compressor 16 cold head
    18 experimental application 20 heater
    22 delivery line 24 return line
    26 tunable helium flow system 28 delivery line
    29 return line 30 auxiliary application
    32 heat exchanger
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, showing a prior art cryo-cooler providing cooling to a single experimental application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view, showing the present invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 2 shows the cryocooled application of FIG. 1 with the addition of a heat transfer apparatus constructed according to the present invention. Heat exchanger 32 is thermally connected to the cooling delivery system providing cooling to experimental application 18. The thermal connection can be achieved via any suitable means. Directly attaching the heat exchanger to the cold head is one suitable approach.
  • Heat exchanger 32 is then connected to auxiliary application 30 in a second cryostat 12 via a closed loop circulation system. Delivery line 28 carries gas from heat exchanger 32 and return line 29 returns gas from auxiliary application 30. The circulating gas is preferably cold helium.
  • Tunable helium flow system 26 regulates the flow of the gas circulating between heat exchanger 32 and auxiliary application 30. Tunable helium flow system may comprise many individual components. As an example, a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive can be used to continuously alter the rate of flow in the circulating loop. One or more throttling valves, check valves, and shut-off valves may be included as well.
  • As those skilled in the art will know, a variable speed drive is able to continuously vary its rotational speed over a range of speeds. The term “continuously” should be understood in this context to include an infinitely variable drive and a drive which is capable of operating at a number of different and discrete speed steps. Some drives deemed “continuously” variable have as few as 4 different speed steps, though it is more common to have 16 or more possible speed steps.
  • Such a variable speed drive may be used to directly drive a centrifugal pump, or the pump may be driven through a gear-train or other ratio-creating device. In any case, varying the speed of the variable speed drive also varies the speed of the centrifugal pump and thereby varies the flow rate within the circulating loop.
  • A throttling valve may also be used to continuously vary the flow rate. A throttling valve may be a simple butterfly valve, a needle-and-seat valve, a spring-loaded globe valve, or any other suitable type of valve. The position of the valve may be varied infinitely. Alternatively, it may be possible to place the valve in any number of discrete positions.
  • Whatever individual components are used, the purpose of tunable helium flow system 26 is to provide a controlled and variable flow rate in the circulating loop connecting heat exchanger 32 to auxiliary application 30. The tunable flow system is thereby able to transmit some of the excess available cooling capacity at experimental application 18 to auxiliary application 30. This regulates the temperature of experimental application 18 without the use of a heater.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive system can be applied to two or more auxiliary applications by providing a tunable helium flow system 26 with multiple lines and flow control devices. A single cryo-cooler having considerable capacity could thereby supply two, three, or more applications needing cooling. One could even incorporate a second external heat exchanger configured to “dump” excess cooling capacity in the event that only a small percentage of the current capacity is needed.
  • Although the preceding description contains significant detail, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providing illustrations of the preferred embodiments of the invention. Many other embodiments will occur to those knowledgeable in this field. The inventive structure and process could be carried out in many different ways. Thus, the scope of the invention should be fixed by the following claims rather than the examples given.

Claims (16)

Having described our invention, we claim:
1. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler from a first application located in a first cryostat to an auxiliary application located in a second cryostat, comprising:
a, providing a first cryostat and a second cryostat;
b. providing a first application located within said first cryostat;
c. providing an auxiliary application located within said second cryostat;
d. providing a crycooler connected to said first cryostat by a delivery line and a return line;
e. said cryocooler providing a cold cryogenic gas through said delivery line and receiving said cryogenic gas through said return line;
f. providing a heat exchanger within said first cryostat;
g. providing a closed loop circulation system between said heat exchanger and said auxiliary application, said closed loop circulation system circulating helium gas;
h. providing a tunable helium flow system within said closed loop circulation system, said tunable helium flow system being capable of continuously varying the flow rate in said closed loop circulation system; and
i. using said tunable helium flow system to vary the flow rate of said circulating helium gas within said closed loop circulation system in order to maintain a desired temperature for said auxiliary application.
2. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 1, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive; and
b. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
3. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 1, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
b. a position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
4. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 1, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive;
b. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
c. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied and said position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
5. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 1, wherein:
a. said cryocooler delivery and return lines are connected to a cold head connected to said first cryostat; and
b. said heat exchanger is connected to said cold head.
6. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 5, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive; and
b. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
7. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 5, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
b. a position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
8. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 5, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive;
b. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
c. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied and said position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
9. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler from a first application located in a first cryostat to an auxiliary application located in a second cryostat, comprising:
a. providing a first cryostat and a second cryostat;
b. providing a first application located within said first cryostat;
c. providing an auxiliary application located within said second cryostat;
d. providing a crycooler connected to said first cryostat by a delivery line and a return line;
e. said cryocooler providing cold cryogenic gas through said delivery line and receiving said cryogenic gas through said return line;
f. providing a heat exchanger within said first cryostat;
g. providing a closed loop circulation system between said heat exchanger and said auxiliary application, said closed loop circulation system circulating cold cryogenic gas;
h. providing a tunable flow system within said closed loop circulation system, said tunable flow system being capable of continuously varying the flow rate in said closed loop circulation system; and
i. using said tunable flow system to vary the flow rate of said circulating cryogenic gas within said closed loop circulation system in order to maintain a desired temperature for said auxiliary application.
10. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 9, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive; and
b. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
11. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 9, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
b. a position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
12. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 9, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive;
b. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
c. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied and said position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
13. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 9, wherein:
a. said cryocooler delivery and return lines are connected to a cold head connected to said first cryostat; and
b. said heat exchanger is connected to said cold head.
14. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 13, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive; and
b. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
15. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 13, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
b. a position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
16. A method of distributing the cooling capacity of a cryocooler as recited in claim 13, wherein:
a. said tunable helium flow system includes a centrifugal pump attached to a variable speed drive:
b. said tunable helium flow system includes a throttling valve; and
c. a rotational speed of said variable speed drive is varied and said position of said throttling valve is varied in order to vary said flow rate within said closed loop circulation system.
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US20150075197A1 (en) * 2012-04-30 2015-03-19 Atecan Andaluci S.L. Cooling/recovering system for the cooling of facilities
US20180051852A1 (en) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 Bruker Biospin Ag Cryogen-free magnet system comprising a heat sink connected to the gas circuit of a cryocooler

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US5289692A (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-03-01 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Apparatus and method for mass flow control of a working fluid
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150075197A1 (en) * 2012-04-30 2015-03-19 Atecan Andaluci S.L. Cooling/recovering system for the cooling of facilities
US20180051852A1 (en) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 Bruker Biospin Ag Cryogen-free magnet system comprising a heat sink connected to the gas circuit of a cryocooler
CN107763432A (en) * 2016-08-18 2018-03-06 布鲁克碧奥斯平股份公司 Including be connected to subcolling condenser heat dump without refrigerant magnet system
US10655783B2 (en) * 2016-08-18 2020-05-19 Bruker Switzerland Ag Cryogen-free magnet system comprising a heat sink connected to the gas circuit of a cryocooler

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