CN102286359A - Solid-liquid-gas three phase flow-dividing rumen imitation continuous fermentation system and method - Google Patents
Solid-liquid-gas three phase flow-dividing rumen imitation continuous fermentation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102286359A CN102286359A CN2011101675956A CN201110167595A CN102286359A CN 102286359 A CN102286359 A CN 102286359A CN 2011101675956 A CN2011101675956 A CN 2011101675956A CN 201110167595 A CN201110167595 A CN 201110167595A CN 102286359 A CN102286359 A CN 102286359A
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/04—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles
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- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/22—Settling tanks; Sedimentation by gravity
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid-liquid-gas three phase flow-dividing rumen imitation continuous fermentation system, which is characterized by comprising a fermentation tank body (a), a stirring device (b), a liquid discharging valve (c), a solid discharging device (d), an injection pump (e), a computer (f) and a CH4 and CO2 detector (j). By using the fermentation system, the solid-phase, liquid-phase and gas-phase products produced by fermentation in the fermentation tank can be separated with high efficiency and delivered to the solid discharging device, the liquid discharging valve and the CH4 and CO2 detector respectively. The products in three phases discharged from reaction can be measured accurately by corresponding measuring means, so that deep study on fermentation reaction effect of different kinds of feed can be facilitated. Meanwhile, as an injection pump for supplying buffer solution into the fermentation tank constantly is designed, the drawback that a static fermentation device cannot realize continuous fermentation is overcome. In addition, the whole control process of the system can be implemented by high-automation control of a computer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ruminant animal nutrition studying technological domain, particularly relate to continuously ferment system and fermentation process thereof that a kind of solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase three-phase shunting that is used for ruminant tumor gastric fermentations such as mock bull, sheep discharged.
Background technology
The digestion of ruminant tumor gastric, main rely on perch in cud various microorganisms and protozoon to the decomposition and the fermentation of the various compositions in the daily ration, studies have shown that the dry-matter in the feed about 40%～80% digests in cud, wherein 80% is carbohydrate; 60%～80% organism is arranged approximately, and 10%～100% crude fat also digests in cud, and 23%～87% also in cud, the digesting of total energy.Especially the robust fibre in the feed, about 90% ferments in cud, and only about 10% in big intestinal digestion, and hemicellulose is seldom or do not find at post-ruminal digestion.
Cud is as a biological fermentation tank, should possess the rumen microorganism condition of growth and breeding therein that is suitable for population complexity, enormous amount, and these conditions are along with respective change can take place in the microbial growth breeding.But, the living environment of microorganism, it is relatively stable to comprise that nutritive substance, temperature, potential of hydrogen etc. require again, and therefore, various environmental factorss must be among the tight regulation and control again at any time in the cud.
At present, the method for research cud mainly contains three kinds, is respectively intracorporal method, half intracorporal method and in vitro method.
Intracorporal method is meant at the left shank portion cud knapsack place of animal installs the permanence lymphoma stomach fistulization pipe, gathers the rumen content sample by fistula and carries out the evaluation of microbiological research or feed nutritive value.Intracorporal method research is to measure the most frequently used method of feed nutritive value always, but shortcoming such as it exists the test period long, and envrionment conditions is wayward, and this makes this method not be suitable for the evaluation of large-scale feed, can only be as a kind of reference method.Half intracorporal method mainly is meant the Nylon Bag method, and this method is directly the feed sample to be packed in the Nylon Bag, is suspended in the digestion situation of measuring feed nutrient in the cud by rumen fistula.This method is widely used in estimating the palliating degradation degree of feed in cud, but this method need be with the ruminating animal of fistula, and its measurement result is influenced by multiple extraneous factor, causes the measurement result variation bigger.In vitro method is meant gathers fresh cud chyme or rumen fluid, in the device of simulation rumen condition, carry out microorganism culturing, so claim the artificial rumen method again, with respect to intracorporal method, half intracorporal method, simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, characteristics such as envrionment conditions is controlled easily, good reproducibility that in vitro method has, and it can measure a large amount of feed samples within a short period of time.This method is suitable for breadboard routine analysis, and this seems particularly important for increasingly sophisticated modern ruminant animal nutrition is learned research.
At present, typical in vitro method mainly contains batch culture method and continuous culture method.
Batch culture method is with in microbial inoculant thing and the disposable adding fermenting container of fermentation substrate, after certain hour is cultivated, in the set time, finish to cultivate, so belong to static fermentation again, this method is owing to can not realize separating of substrate and product, cause the rumen zymosis environment to change, therefore be not suitable for long-term in-vitro simulated fermentation test.Batch culture method mainly contains two-phase method, aerogenesis method and simple digestion method etc.Yet, the in-vitro cultivation method has realized the continuous discharge of entering continuously of substrate (feed) and damping fluid and chyme (solid phase and liquid phase), thereby, than batch culture method, has the advantage of environment in the simulation rumen more accurately more near rumen zymosis situation in vivo.
Use wider in-vitro cultivation system at present in the world and mainly contain single outflow continuous culture system and two outflow continuous culture system.Single outflow is meant the system that digestion chyme solid phase and liquid phase all outflow with identical speed; And two outflows are to digest the system that rotten solid phase and liquid phase outflow rate are controlled respectively.The characteristics of typical case's representative of the outer fermentation unit of single outflow continuum are that tested daily ration is put into Nylon Bag, again Nylon Bag is put into fermentor tank for microbiological deterioration, but this device is not considered the solid phase situation different with the liquid phase outflow rate in the cud, and the mensuration of gas production rate exists than mistake.The typical case of the outer fermentation unit of two outflow continuuies is represented as bactogen, this device relies on the filtering membrane in the fermentor tank to keep the different of solid outflow rate and liquid outflow rate, keep anaerobic environment in the fermentor tank by continuing in fermentor tank, to feed CO2, but this device can't accurately be distinguished the feed that ferments and just dropped into, and can't measure the digestibility of single feed.Subsequently, people such as the Hannah of Univ Minnesota-Twin Cities USA have designed the continuous culture apparatus of a cover, though this device has been realized the separation of gas, liquid, solid phases, and magnetic agitation system and inner type of heating have been adopted, but liquid is in the majority in the solid phase chyme of discharging, still can not well liquid phase and solid phase be separated, and what adopt is the mode of internal heating, exists the inhomogenous phenomenon of heating.
At present, the range of application of cud simulation technique comprises: cellulose digestion and influence factor thereof; The application of non-protein nitrogen(NPN); Metabolism of rumen microorganism and influence factor thereof; The assessment of nutritional value of ruminant feed; The rumen zymosis dynamics research; Rumen microorganism and and the host between symbiotic relationship; Extreme case (as high fine fodder, the highly diluted rate) is the fermentation situation of cud down; Medicine and energy development research (as methanogen) etc.
In vitro the superiority of research method makes people more and more pay attention to the utilization of cud simulation technique.But, because it is a lot of to influence the factor of artificial rumen simulation technique, as pH, thinning ratio, stir speed (S.S.), scale of feeding, the frequency etc. of feeding.Therefore, control external fermentation condition well to the reliability of test-results and scientific most important.And the artificial rumen device needs long non-stop run, needs real-time fluid infusion in the whole process, and the gas that produces during the real-time collecting fermentation continues to stir, and regularly adds feed, collection liquid, solid sample, and it is heavy therefore to work, and need take a large amount of manpowers.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve problems of the prior art, continuously ferment system and the fermentation process thereof that provide a kind of solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase three-phase shunting that is used for ruminant tumor gastric fermentations such as mock bull, sheep to discharge.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud is simulated the system of continuously fermenting, and comprising: fermentation tank body a, whipping appts b, tapping valve c, row's fixing apparatus d, syringe pump e, computer f, CH
4, CO
2Detector j;
Described fermentation tank body a covers sealing by tank body body 3 and fermentation cover 2 and constitutes; This fermentation tank body a outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies insulation water layer 7 between two-layer; Downside at this fermentation tank body a outer wall is provided with insulation water inlet 10, and upside is provided with insulation water out 4; Described whipping appts b is installed on the fermentation cover 2, places in the tank body body 3; On the sidewall of fermentation tank body a, offer upflow tube 14, in order to discharge overflowing liquid; In upflow tube 14, be provided with filter cylinder 12, on upflow tube 14, offer upflow tube arm 13 downwards; Fermentation tank body a is connected with tapping valve c by this upflow tube arm 13; Also being provided with venting port 17 on fermentation cover 2 is connected with tapping valve c; This fermentation tank body a top is cylindrical, and the bottom is taper, and the bottom level of cylindrical tank is equipped with screen cloth 8; Offer solid phase chyme outlet 9 in the bottom of this bottom taper, communicate with row's fixing apparatus d by ball valve; On fermentation tank body a, offer damping fluid inlet 11, be connected with described syringe pump e by this damping fluid inlet 11; Also be provided with inspection gas port 18 on the cover 2 in fermentation, in order to CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected; On fermentation cover 2, also be provided with inlet mouth 19 and feed inlet 1; This inlet mouth 19 is in order to injecting gas in fermentation tank body a; This feed inlet 1 is in order to throw in feed in fermentation tank body a; On the sidewall of this fermentation tank body a, offer temperature and survey mouth 5 and pH value detection mouth 6, insert temp probe i and pH probe h respectively;
Described whipping appts b comprises: motor 21, shaft coupling 20 and blade 22; Described motor 21 drives blade 22 and rotates by the transmission of shaft coupling 20;
Described tapping valve c is in order to discharge the overflowing liquid that flows into;
Described row's fixing apparatus d is in order to discharge the solid phase chyme that flows into;
Described syringe pump e is in order to inject damping fluid by damping fluid inlet 11 in fermentation tank body a;
Described computer f comprises signals collecting part and time variable control part at least; This signals collecting part and CH
4, CO
2Detector j, temp probe i are connected with pH probe h, gather the signal data that obtains in order to receive it; This programcontrol unit and whipping appts b, syringe pump e and CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected, and carries out work in order to control it;
Described CH
4, CO
2Detector j is in order to detect CH in the input gas
4, CO
2Content.
Described tapping valve c covers sealing by valve body 31 and valve gap 24 and constitutes; This tapping valve c outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies cooling water layer 32 between two-layer; Downside at this tapping valve c outer wall is provided with cooling water inlet 29, and upside is provided with cooling water outlet 23; On valve gap 24, be provided with fluid inlet 26, in order to be connected with described upflow tube arm 13; On valve gap 24, also be provided with leakage fluid dram 27; This leakage fluid dram 27 is placed floating ball lever 30 controlled opening in the tapping valve c or is closed; Also being provided with inlet mouth 25 on valve gap 24 is connected with the venting port 17 of fermentation tank body a; Bottom side at valve gap 24 also offers sewage draining exit 28.
Described row's fixing apparatus d is made of valve body 34 and piston 33; Valve body 34 is provided with solid phase chyme inlet 35, in order to be connected with solid phase chyme outlet 9 on the described fermentation tank body a; Be provided with solid phase chyme outlet 37 in valve body 34 bottom sides; Described piston 33 places in the valve body 34, releases from solid phase chyme outlet 37 in order to the solid phase chyme that will arrange in the fixing apparatus d; On valve body 34, the upside of solid phase chyme outlet 37 also is provided with damping fluid inlet 36.
At described CH
4, CO
2The front end of detector j also is provided with gas meter g, detects in order to the flow to gas; This gas meter g is connected with the signal acquisition part branch of described computer f, sends to computer f in order to the gas flow data that will be detected.
Described fermentation system also is provided with five valve k, l, m, n, o; The venting port 18 of described fermentation tank body a is connected with gas meter g; The output terminal of this gas meter g is divided into two branch roads through threeway, and a branch road communicates with atmosphere through valve k, and another branch road is divided into two branch roads again after by valve l; Two branch roads behind this valve l, one and CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected, and another road links to each other with threeway through valve m again; Two other port of this threeway, a port is N
2Gas input port, another port are then by the inlet mouth 19 of valve o with fermentation tank body a; At CH
4, CO
2The output terminal of detector j also is provided with valve n; Described valve k, l, m, n, o all partly are connected with the time variable control of described computer f, are subjected to the control of computer f.
A kind of solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation continuous ferment process realizes that based on above-mentioned fermentation system this fermentation process comprises the steps:
Step 1 is set the temperature of fermentation tank body insulation water, the temperature of tapping valve water coolant, the rotating speed of whipping appts, frequency, liquid diluting rate, the CH that syringe pump injects damping fluid
4, CO
2The assay intervals time of detector;
Step 2 adds a certain amount of damping fluid in the fermentation tank body, treat that the intravital temperature of fermentor tank rises to the temperature of described fermentation tank body insulation water after, inoculation and add of the isopyknic rumen fluid of damping fluid;
Step 3, syringe pump continue to inject damping fluid according to the frequency of the injection damping fluid that sets in the fermentation tank body;
Step 4 adds feed in the fermentation tank body, and feeds N
2Gas with remaining air in the drain tank after, the tank body that will ferment sealing;
Step 5, intravital temperature value of computer real-time monitoring fermentor tank and pH value, and pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces according to the timed interval of setting
4, CO
2Content;
Step 6 is regularly collected overflowing liquid and the solid phase chyme of arranging in the fixing apparatus in the tapping valve;
Repeat above-mentioned steps 3 to step 6, finish until fermentation reaction.
Also be provided with the step that fermentation tank body resistance to air loss is detected before the described step 1, this step is as follows:
In the fermentation tank body, inject the N of certain pressure by inlet mouth
2Whether gas, it is stable to detect the intravital pressure condition of fermentor tank.
If it is the pressure condition instability is then checked each interface resistance to air loss, stable until pressure condition.
In described step 4, feed N
2Gas is specifically realized by following valve control method with the step of remaining air in the drain tank:
At first, valve-off m, l open valve o simultaneously, feed N to the fermentation tank body
2Gas;
Secondly, behind the interior surplus air of discharge fermentation tank body, valve-off o, and Open valve k.
In described step 5, pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces
4, CO
2The step of content specifically realize by following valve control method:
At first, valve-off k, m, n, Open valve l makes the fermentation gas that produces enter CH simultaneously
4, CO
2Detector;
Secondly, valve-off m, l, Open valve k closes CH simultaneously
4, CO
2The inlet mouth of detector, CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the fermentation gas of having imported, and CH in the fermentation gas is detected in institute
4, CO
2Content send to computer;
At last, Open valve m, n are to CH
4, CO
2Detector feeds N
2Gas, CH to be discharged
4, CO
2Behind the detected fermentation gas in the detector, valve-off m, n.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) solved the shortcoming that existing two outflow cud simulation fermentation unit can not be collected, measure the gas that produces in the fermenting process.
(2) this fermentation system can be realized the difference continuous blow-down of solid phase in the fermentor tank, liquid phase, gas phase, and solid phase, liquid phase separation rate height, only needs just can realize solid phase, liquid phase, the gas phase accurate measurement of discharging by the corresponding measurement means.
(3) level of automation height can be realized the automatic monitoring of yeasting and the automatic control of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation continuously fermenting system;
Fig. 2 is a fermentor tank body structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the whipping appts structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the tapping valve structural representation;
Fig. 5 is row's fixing apparatus structural representation;
Fig. 6 is the schema of solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation continuous ferment process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 simulates the structural representation of the system of continuously fermenting for solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud of the present invention.As shown in the figure, this fermentation system comprises: fermentation tank body a, whipping appts b, tapping valve c, row's fixing apparatus d, syringe pump e, computer f, CH
4, CO
2Detector j.
Described fermentation tank body a is the core reaction device of whole fermentation system, and other each device is all in order to the reaction work in the tank body a that coordinate to ferment.Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fermentation tank body.Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, this fermentation tank body a covers sealing by tank body body 3 and fermentation cover 2 and constitutes.This fermentation tank body a outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies insulation water layer 7 between two-layer.Downside at this fermentation tank body a outer wall is provided with insulation water inlet 10, and upside is provided with insulation water out 4.By this insulation water inlet 10 and insulation water out 4 input and output fermentation tank body insulation water, to keep the constant of jar interior leavening temperature.Because the temperature of reaction of rumen zymosis is generally 39 ℃, therefore the temperature of this fermentation tank body insulation water is 39 ℃.This whipping appts b is installed on the fermentation cover 2, places in the tank body body 3.On the sidewall of fermentation tank body a, offer upflow tube 14, in order to discharge overflowing liquid.In upflow tube 14, be provided with filter cylinder 12, in order to filtrating overflow liquid.On upflow tube 14, offer upflow tube arm 13 downwards.Fermentation tank body a is connected with tapping valve c by this upflow tube arm 13.Liquid level position in this upflow tube arm 13 the has been offered determining positions fermentation tank body a, when the liquid level in the fermentation tank body a surpass upflow tube arm 13 offer the position time, pot liquid can be discharged in the tapping valve c by upflow tube arm 13 automatically.In addition, on fermentation cover 2, also be provided with venting port 17, in order to be connected with tapping valve c.This fermentation tank body a top is cylindrical, and the bottom is taper, and the bottom level of cylindrical tank is equipped with a screen cloth 8, and the screen cloth in different apertures can be changed according to the needs of test.Feed in fermentation tank body a when being degraded to certain fineness, can pass screen cloth 8 under action of microorganisms, accumulate in the bottom of fermentation tank body a.Offer solid phase chyme outlet 9 in the bottom of this bottom taper, communicate with row's fixing apparatus d by a ball valve, when ball valve was opened, the solid phase chyme that accumulates in fermentation tank body a bottom flowed under the influence of gravity among row's fixing apparatus d.On fermentation tank body a, offer damping fluid inlet 11, be connected with described syringe pump e by this damping fluid inlet 11.Also be provided with inspection gas port 18 on the cover 2 in fermentation, in order to CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected, and exports tested gas.In addition, on fermentation cover 2, also be provided with inlet mouth 19 and feed inlet 1.This inlet mouth 19 is in order to injecting gas in fermentation tank body a.This feed inlet 1 is in order to throw in feed in fermentation tank body a.On the sidewall of this fermentation tank body a, offer temperature and survey mouth 5 and pH value detection mouth 6, insert temp probe i and pH probe h respectively, in order to intravital temperature value of fermentor tank and pH value.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of whipping appts.As shown in the figure, described whipping appts b comprises: motor 21, shaft coupling 20 and blade 22.Wherein, motor 21 drives blade 22 and rotates, with the solid phase in the stirred fermentor body a, liquid composition uniform mixing by the transmission of shaft coupling 20.
Described tapping valve c is in order to discharge the overflowing liquid that flows into.
Described row's fixing apparatus d is in order to discharge the solid phase chyme that flows into.
Described syringe pump e is in order to injecting this syringe pump of damping fluid e by injecting damping fluid with constant speed in fermentation tank body a, to keep in the fermentation tank body a pH value between 6-7 in fermentation tank body a by damping fluid inlet 11.
In the native system, used damping fluid is formulated according to the ruminating animal salivary component, and its main component is to contain NaHCO in every 1000ml damping fluid
39.8g; Na
2HPO
4.12H
2O 9.3g; NaCl0.47g; KCl 0.57g; MgSO
4.7H
2O 0.12g; Anhydrous CaCl
20.04g.Inject cud because of ruminating animal oral cavity in the activity of ruminating can constantly salivate, keep acid base equilibrium in the cud, salivate so the damping fluid of native system is promptly simulated ruminating animal, and the speed by injecting in cud with the given pace simulate saliva.
Signals collecting and programcontrol unit that described computer f is whole fermentation system.This computer f comprises signals collecting part and time variable control part two portions at least.This signals collecting part and CH
4, CO
2Detector j, temp probe i are connected with pH probe h, gather the signal data that obtains in order to receive it.This programcontrol unit and whipping appts b, syringe pump e and CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected, and carries out work in order to control it.
Described CH
4, CO
2Detector j is in order to detect CH in the input gas
4, CO
2Content.
By the cud simulation fermentation system of said structure, fermenting solid phase, the liquid and gas product that is produced in the tank body of can realizing fermenting can high efficiency separation, the row's of entering fixing apparatus, tapping valve and CH respectively
4, CO
2Detector.But only need by the just accurate measurement of the three-phase product of realization response discharge of corresponding measurement means, thereby conveniently DIFFERENT FEED fermentation reaction effect is furtherd investigate.Simultaneously, the fermentation tank body is mended syringe pump into damping fluid, can not realize the shortcoming of continuously fermenting thereby solved existing static fermentation device because design has constantly.And this system's whole control process all can be carried out the automatization control of high level by computer, can omnidistancely realize the automatic monitoring of yeasting and the automatic control of system.
Described tapping valve c places and is lower than fermentation tank body a place.Fig. 4 is the structural representation of tapping valve.As shown in the figure, this tapping valve c is covered to seal by valve body 31 and valve gap 24 and constitutes.This tapping valve c outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies cooling water layer 32 between two-layer.Downside at this tapping valve c outer wall is provided with cooling water inlet 29, and upside is provided with cooling water outlet 23.By this cooling water inlet 29 and cooling water outlet 23 input and output tapping valve water coolants, keeping the homo(io)thermism in the tapping valve, thereby stop to flow into the fermentation reaction of overflowing liquid in the tapping valve rapidly.Because microorganism is when temperature of reaction system is equal to or less than 4 ℃ in the cud, the meeting loss of activity, can not continue to decompose feed and ferment, so in order to stop to flow into the fermentation reaction of overflowing liquid rapidly, the temperature of this tapping valve water coolant is set at 4 ℃ in the present embodiment.On valve gap 24, be provided with fluid inlet 26, in order to be connected with described upflow tube arm 13.On valve gap 24, also be provided with leakage fluid dram 27.This leakage fluid dram 27 is placed floating ball lever 30 controlled opening in the tapping valve c or is closed.Simultaneously, show the smooth and easy discharge overflowing liquid of energy, on valve gap 24, also be provided with inlet mouth 25 and be connected with the venting port 17 of fermentation tank body a in order to keep tapping valve c and the air pressure one in the fermentation tank body a.In addition, also offer sewage draining exit 28, in order to discharge the solid phase impurity that flows in the tapping valve c in the bottom side of valve gap 24.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of row's fixing apparatus.As shown in the figure, this row's fixing apparatus d is made of valve body 34 and piston 33.Valve body 34 is provided with solid phase chyme inlet 35, in order to be connected with solid phase chyme outlet 9 on the described fermentation tank body a.Be provided with solid phase chyme outlet 37 in valve body 34 bottom sides.Described piston 33 places in the valve body 34, releases from solid phase chyme outlet 37 in order to the solid phase chyme that will arrange in the fixing apparatus d.Because the feed in the fermentor tank in the i is continuous katabolism under action of microorganisms, the cumulative meta-bolites can change the acid base equilibrium of fermentation system, therefore needs to inject damping fluid and regulates the acid base equilibrium of fermentation system to keep the optimum pH of rumen microorganism existence.So on valve body 34, the upside of solid phase chyme outlet 37 also is provided with damping fluid inlet 36, the liquid composition of being taken out of when discharging the solid phase chyme to replenish.
In addition, fermentation system of the present invention is except being provided with CH
4, CO
2Detector j is to the fermentation tank body a CH in the gas of generation that ferments
4, CO
2Content detect outside, also at CH
4, CO
2The front end of detector j is provided with gas meter g, detects in order to the flow to gas.This gas meter g is connected with the signal acquisition part branch of described computer f, sends to computer f in order to the gas flow data that will be detected.
For better to described CH
4, CO
2Automatization control is carried out in the gas detection work of detector j and gas meter g, also is provided with five valve k, l, m, n, o in described fermentation system.As shown in Figure 1, the venting port 18 of described fermentation tank body a is connected with gas meter g.The output terminal of this gas meter g is divided into two branch roads through threeway, and a branch road communicates with atmosphere through valve k, and another branch road is divided into two branch roads again after by valve l.Two branch roads behind this valve l, one and CH
4, CO
2Detector j is connected, and another road links to each other with threeway through valve m again.Two other port of this threeway, a port is pure N
2Gas input port, another port are then by the inlet mouth 19 of valve o with fermentation tank body a.At CH
4, CO
2The output terminal of detector j also is provided with valve n, with control CH
4, CO
2The exhaust of detector j.Described valve k, l, m, n, o all partly are connected with the time variable control of described computer f, and the control that is subjected to computer f is to described CH
4, CO
2Automatization control is carried out in the gas detection work of detector j and gas meter g.
Solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation the continuously fermenting system of said structure controls by following fermentation process in actual mechanical process.Fig. 6 is the schema of this fermentation process.As shown in the figure, this fermentation process comprises the steps:
Step 1 is set the temperature of fermentation tank body insulation water, the temperature of tapping valve water coolant, the rotating speed of whipping appts, frequency, liquid diluting rate, the CH that syringe pump injects damping fluid
4, CO
2The assay intervals time of detector;
So-called liquid diluting rate is to enter in the cud by microbial fermentation because of constantly search for food feed and drinking-water of ruminating animal such as ox, sheep, original content concentration reduces in the cud so new feed that injects and water can make, and the new feed that injects and the ratio of water and cud volume are the liquid diluting rate.
Here, the set(ting)value of each parameter can be adjusted according to the experiment needs.In the present embodiment, the set(ting)value of above-mentioned parameter is respectively: the temperature of fermentation tank body insulation water is that 39 ℃, the temperature of tapping valve water coolant are that 4 ℃, the rotating speed of whipping appts are that the frequency that 15rpm, syringe pump inject damping fluid is that 200 times/min, liquid diluting rate are 1.2.
Step 2 adds a certain amount of damping fluid in the fermentation tank body, treat that the intravital temperature of fermentor tank rises to the temperature of described fermentation tank body insulation water after, inoculation and add of the isopyknic rumen fluid of damping fluid;
Here, owing to be a certain amount of damping fluid of disposable adding in the fermentation tank body for the first time, so damping fluid can slowly add by syringe pump e, also can select directly to add by feed inlet 1.And the amount of the damping fluid that is added can be decided according to the experiment needs, is the damping fluid that adds 500ml in the fermentation tank body in the present embodiment.
Step 3, syringe pump continue to inject damping fluid according to the frequency of the injection damping fluid that sets in the fermentation tank body;
Step 4 adds feed in the fermentation tank body, and feeds N
2Gas with remaining air in the drain tank after, the tank body that will ferment sealing;
Here, feed drops into N by feed inlet 1
2Gas feeds by inlet mouth 19.Feed N
2The time of gas should decide with air regime remaining in the jar, is set at the N that feeds 10s in the present embodiment
2Gas.After finishing above-mentioned steps 4, promptly begin fermentation reaction in this fermentation tank body.
Step 5, intravital temperature value of computer real-time monitoring fermentor tank and pH value, and pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces according to the timed interval of setting
4, CO
2Content;
Step 6 is regularly collected overflowing liquid and the solid phase chyme of arranging in the fixing apparatus in the tapping valve;
Repeat above-mentioned steps 3 to step 6, finish until fermentation reaction.
By above-mentioned fermentation process, the experimenter can monitor the intravital temperature value of fermentor tank, pH value and the CH in the fermentation gas that produces in the fermentation reaction process in real time
4, CO
2Content, and liquid phase, the solid product that can regularly collect reaction and produced.Entire reaction course is all controlled automatically by computer.The experimenter can make things convenient for, comprehensively grasp the experimental data of entire reaction course.
Above-mentioned fermenting process can by periodic in the fermentation tank body reactants such as supplement feed and damping fluid, make the intravital fermentation reaction of fermentor tank to go on continuously, can satisfy the experiment needs of long-time reaction observation.In the present embodiment, be set at, collected overflowing liquid and the solid phase chyme of arranging among the fixing apparatus d among the tapping valve c every 8 hours, until the experiment end every 12 hours adding 20g feeds in the fermentation tank body.
In addition, this fermentation process also was provided with the step that fermentation tank body resistance to air loss is detected before above-mentioned steps 1, and this step is as follows:
In the fermentation tank body, inject the N of certain pressure by inlet mouth 19
2Gas, whether detect the intravital pressure condition of fermentor tank stable? if it is the pressure condition instability is then checked each interface resistance to air loss, stable until pressure condition.
By such inspection in advance, can guarantee that whole fermentation reaction process carries out under the ideal state, the experimental data that is obtained can not be affected because of tank body resistance to air loss problem.
In addition, for can be better to described CH
4, CO
2Automatization control is carried out in the gas detection work of detector j and gas meter g, also designs the concrete control flow that has at described five valve k, l, m, n, o in the fermentation process of the present invention, and is specific as follows described:
In described step 4, feed N
2Gas is specifically realized by following valve control method with the step of remaining air in the drain tank:
At first, valve-off m, l open valve o simultaneously, feed N to the fermentation tank body
2Gas is used N
2Replace out the air of bringing into when reinforced;
Secondly, behind the surplus air, valve-off o, and Open valve k make the gas that produces when fermenting in the discharge fermentation tank body, and after minimum gas under meter g measured, k was discharged to atmosphere from valve.
Because the gas flow direction is unidirectional among the minimum gas under meter g, and is irreversible, like this, just can keep the intravital anaerobic environment of fermentor tank, to be suitable for the carrying out of external cud simulation fermentation.
In described step 5, pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces
4, CO
2The step of content specifically realize by following valve control method:
At first, valve-off k, m, n, Open valve l makes the fermentation gas that produces enter CH simultaneously
4, CO
2Detector;
Secondly, valve-off m, l, Open valve k closes CH simultaneously
4, CO
2The inlet mouth of detector, CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the fermentation gas of having imported, and CH in the fermentation gas is detected in institute
4, CO
2Content send to computer;
At last, Open valve m, n are to CH
4, CO
2Detector feeds N
2Gas, CH to be discharged
4, CO
2Behind the detected fermentation gas in the detector, valve-off m, n.
Like this, can pass through N
2Gas bleed CH
4, CO
2Detector, making it can residually not have detected fermentation gas, and influence detects the accuracy of data next time.
Above-mentioned control to five valve k, l, m, n, o all adopts the computer program auto-control mode to finish.Like this, can improve the level of automation of total system greatly, alleviate experimenter's operation burden, increase the accuracy that detects data simultaneously.
The present invention passes through technique scheme, high fermentation system that continuously ferments and the fermentation process thereof of level of automation that provides a kind of solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase three-phase shunting that is used for ruminant tumor gastric fermentations such as mock bull, sheep to discharge solved problems of the prior art.Persons skilled in the art any not creative transformation of doing under this design philosophy all should be considered as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation a continuously fermenting system is characterized in that: comprising: fermentation tank body (a), whipping appts (b), tapping valve (c), row's fixing apparatus (d), syringe pump (e), computer (f), CH
4, CO
2Detector (j);
Described fermentation tank body (a) covers sealing by tank body body (3) and fermentation cover (2) and constitutes; This fermentation tank body (a) outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies insulation water layer (7) between two-layer; Downside at this fermentation tank body (a) outer wall is provided with insulation water inlet (10), and upside is provided with insulation water out (4); Described whipping appts (b) is installed on the fermentation cover (2), places in the tank body body (3); On the sidewall of fermentation tank body (a), offer upflow tube (14), in order to discharge overflowing liquid; In upflow tube (14), be provided with filter cylinder (12), on upflow tube (14), offer upflow tube arm (13) downwards; Fermentation tank body (a) is connected with tapping valve (c) by this upflow tube arm (13); Also being provided with venting port (17) on fermentation cover (2) is connected with tapping valve (c); This fermentation tank body (a) top is cylindrical, and the bottom is taper, and the bottom level of cylindrical tank is equipped with screen cloth (8); Offer solid phase chyme outlet (9) in the bottom of this bottom taper, communicate with row's fixing apparatus (d) by ball valve; On fermentation tank body (a), offer damping fluid inlet (11), be connected with described syringe pump (e) by this damping fluid inlet (11); In fermentation cover (2), also be provided with inspection gas port (18), in order to CH
4, CO
2Detector (j) is connected; On fermentation cover (2), also be provided with inlet mouth (19) and feed inlet (1); This inlet mouth (19) is in order to injecting gas in fermentation tank body (a); This feed inlet (1) is in order to throw in feed in fermentation tank body (a); On the sidewall of this fermentation tank body (a), offer temperature and survey mouthful (5) and pH value detection mouthful (6), insert temp probe (i) and pH probe (h) respectively;
Described whipping appts (b) comprising: motor (21), shaft coupling (20) and blade (22); Described motor (21) drives blade (22) and rotates by the transmission of shaft coupling (20);
Described tapping valve (c) is in order to discharge the overflowing liquid that flows into;
Described row's fixing apparatus (d) is in order to discharge the solid phase chyme that flows into;
Described syringe pump (e) is in order to inject damping fluid by damping fluid inlet (11) in fermentation tank body (a);
Described computer (f) comprises signals collecting part and time variable control part at least; This signals collecting part and CH
4, CO
2Detector (j), temp probe (i) and pH probe (h) are connected, and gather the signal data that obtains in order to receive it; This programcontrol unit and whipping appts (b), syringe pump (e) and CH
4, CO
2Detector (j) is connected, and carries out work in order to control it;
Described CH
4, CO
2Detector (j) is in order to detect CH in the input gas
4, CO
2Content.
2. fermentation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described tapping valve (c) covers sealing by valve body (31) and valve gap (24) and constitutes; This tapping valve (c) outer wall adopts bilayer structure, accompanies cooling water layer (32) between two-layer; Downside at this tapping valve (c) outer wall is provided with cooling water inlet (29), and upside is provided with cooling water outlet (23); On valve gap (24), be provided with fluid inlet (26), in order to be connected with described upflow tube arm (13); On valve gap (24), also be provided with leakage fluid dram (27); This leakage fluid dram (27) is placed floating ball lever (30) controlled opening in the tapping valve (c) or is closed; Also being provided with inlet mouth (25) on valve gap (24) is connected with the venting port (17) of fermentation tank body (a); Also offer sewage draining exit (28) in the bottom side of valve gap (24).
3. fermentation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described row's fixing apparatus (d) is made of valve body (34) and piston (33); Valve body (34) is provided with solid phase chyme inlet (35), in order to be connected with solid phase chyme outlet (9) on the described fermentation tank body (a); Be provided with solid phase chyme outlet (37) in valve body (34) bottom side; Described piston (33) places in the valve body (34), releases from solid phase chyme outlet (37) in order to the solid phase chyme that will arrange in the fixing apparatus (d); On valve body (34), the upside of solid phase chyme outlet (37) also is provided with damping fluid inlet (36).
4. fermentation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: at described CH
4, CO
2The front end of detector (j) also is provided with gas meter (g), detects in order to the flow to gas; This gas meter (g) is connected with the signal acquisition part branch of described computer (f), sends to computer (f) in order to the gas flow data that will be detected.
5. fermentation system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described fermentation system also is provided with five valves (k), (l), (m), (n), (o); The venting port (18) of described fermentation tank body (a) is connected with gas meter (g); The output terminal of this gas meter (g) is divided into two branch roads through threeway, and a branch road communicates with atmosphere through valve (k), and another branch road is divided into two branch roads again after by valve (l); Two branch roads behind this valve (l), one and CH
4, CO
2Detector (j) is connected, and another road is passed through valve (m) again and linked to each other with threeway; Two other port of this threeway, a port is N
2Gas input port, another port are then by the inlet mouth (19) of valve (o) with fermentation tank body (a); At CH
4, CO
2The output terminal of detector (j) also is provided with valve (n); Described valve (k), (l), (m), (n), (o) all partly are connected with the time variable control of described computer (f), are subjected to the control of computer (f).
6. a solid-liquid gas three-phase shunting cud simulation continuous ferment process realizes that based on the described fermentation system of claim 1 it is characterized in that: this fermentation process comprises the steps:
Step 1 is set the temperature of fermentation tank body insulation water, the temperature of tapping valve water coolant, the rotating speed of whipping appts, frequency, liquid diluting rate, the CH that syringe pump injects damping fluid
4, CO
2The assay intervals time of detector;
Step 2 adds a certain amount of damping fluid in the fermentation tank body, treat that the intravital temperature of fermentor tank rises to the temperature of described fermentation tank body insulation water after, inoculation and add of the isopyknic rumen fluid of damping fluid;
Step 3, syringe pump continue to inject damping fluid according to the frequency of the injection damping fluid that sets in the fermentation tank body;
Step 4 adds feed in the fermentation tank body, and feeds N
2Gas with remaining air in the drain tank after, the tank body that will ferment sealing;
Step 5, intravital temperature value of computer real-time monitoring fermentor tank and pH value, and pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces according to the timed interval of setting
4, CO
2Content;
Step 6 is regularly collected overflowing liquid and the solid phase chyme of arranging in the fixing apparatus in the tapping valve;
Repeat above-mentioned steps 3 to step 6, finish until fermentation reaction.
7. fermentation process as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: also be provided with the step that fermentation tank body resistance to air loss is detected before the described step 1, this step is as follows:
In the fermentation tank body, inject the N of certain pressure by inlet mouth
2Whether gas, it is stable to detect the intravital pressure condition of fermentor tank.
If it is the pressure condition instability is then checked each interface resistance to air loss, stable until pressure condition.
8. fermentation process as claimed in claim 6 is realized based on the described fermentation system of claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, feed N
2Gas is specifically realized by following valve control method with the step of remaining air in the drain tank:
At first, valve-off (m), (l) open valve (o) simultaneously, feed N to the fermentation tank body
2Gas;
Secondly, behind the interior surplus air of discharge fermentation tank body, valve-off (o), and Open valve (k).
9. fermentation process as claimed in claim 6 is realized based on the described fermentation system of claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, pass through CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the CH in the fermentation gas that produces
4, CO
2The step of content specifically realize by following valve control method:
At first, valve-off (k), (m), (n), Open valve (l) makes the fermentation gas that produces enter CH simultaneously
4, CO
2Detector;
Secondly, valve-off (m), (l), Open valve (k) is closed CH simultaneously
4, CO
2The inlet mouth of detector, CH
4, CO
2Detector detects the fermentation gas of having imported, and CH in the fermentation gas is detected in institute
4, CO
2Content send to computer;
At last, Open valve (m), (n) are to CH
4, CO
2Detector feeds N
2Gas, CH to be discharged
4, CO
2Behind the detected fermentation gas in the detector, valve-off (m), (n).
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