CN102279496A - Tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module - Google Patents

Tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module Download PDF

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CN102279496A
CN102279496A CN2011101391066A CN201110139106A CN102279496A CN 102279496 A CN102279496 A CN 102279496A CN 2011101391066 A CN2011101391066 A CN 2011101391066A CN 201110139106 A CN201110139106 A CN 201110139106A CN 102279496 A CN102279496 A CN 102279496A
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thin film
film solar
layer
solar cell
electrochromics
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CN102279496B (en
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黄莉媚
贡振邦
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Abstract

The invention provides a tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module. The assembly comprises a transparent substrate, a thin-film solar cell positioned on the transparent substrate, transparent conductive layers positioned on the transparent substrate beside the thin-film solar cell, an electrochromic material covering exposed surfaces of the transparent conductive layers and the thin-film solar cell, a switching device, and a charge-discharge device coupled to the switching device. The first transparent conductive layer and a cathode layer of the thin-film solar cell respectively serve as an anode and a cathode of the electrochromic material simultaneously. The switching device is electrically connected to a first transparent conductive layer and electrically connected to an anode layer and a cathode layer of the thin-film solar cell, and enters a control mode through a switch control signal.

Description

But modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and module
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of electrochromic window assemblies, but and particularly relevant for a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly (tunable photovoltaic electrochromic device) and module.
Background technology
Typical electrochromic window assemblies structure is divided into solid-state version and solution-type.The structure of solid-state version electrochromic window assemblies is the structure that the coating/coating (as transparency conducting layer, electrochomeric films, solid electrolyte and ion storage layer) by upper and lower two-layer transparency carrier and multilayer difference in functionality is therebetween constituted.The structure of solution-type electrochromic window assemblies is made of the electrolyte solution between two sides conductive, transparent substrate, electrically conducting transparent Electro-Discolor Coating and the substrate.
Compared to the comparatively long electrochromism of history (electrochromism), light electrochromism (photoelectrochromism) technology is only to need irradiation and do not need to provide in addition energy just can make the electrochromic layer effect, more possesses energy-saving effect.Light electrochromism technology at the beginning is with the composite membrane of electrochromism layer Prussian blue (Prussian blue) and light-sensitive layer titania (TiO2) notion as the irradiation variable color, then utilize such notion in recent years, light-sensitive layer and electrochromic layer are divided in the two poles of the earth, in order to forming assembly, such assembly can be considered as electrochromic material intercalative dye sensitization solar cell, also becomes the present light electrochromism field system of broad research the most.
Yet said structure is still faced problems, for example large-area feasibility of the stability of light-sensitive layer or assembly aspect actual Application and Development.Another kind of research is that thin film solar cell and electrochromic window assemblies are formed on the substrate simultaneously, utilizes suitable switch to control electrochromic window assemblies and thin film solar cell more in addition, such as U.S. Pat 5384653 exposure.Yet it is painted or fade that the control module of this part United States Patent (USP) (control box) only can rely on switch to utilize solar cell or accumulator to drive the electrochromics assembly.
Moreover, U.S. Pat 5377037 a kind of solar cells of invention and electrochromic device are combined into the design of single device, mainly be on first conducting glass substrate, with silicon-film solar-cell with laminated (tandem) mode and the combination of inorganic electrochromic device, and in opposite directions mode with silicon-film solar-cell module and the combination of another side transparent conducting glass substrate, dispose liquid organic electrolyte solution or solid-state inorganic electrolyte layer therebetween.This device is used the switch control that the bleeder resistance (bleed resistor) that presets carries out electrochromic material, and wherein this bleeder resistance is in the mode of connecting electrochromic material to be connected with thin film solar cell.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, but the invention provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, can see through the circuit design that adds, make the control model variation.
But the present invention provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module again, possesses assembly large tracts of land and the diversified effect of control, and has good variable color uniformity coefficient.
But the present invention provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module in addition, possesses assembly large tracts of land and the diversified effect of control equally, and has good variable color uniformity coefficient.
But the present invention proposes a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, comprises a transparency carrier, a thin film solar cell, one first transparency conducting layer, an electrochromic material and one first switching device shifter at least.Wherein, thin film solar cell is on the transparency carrier and have an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer between the positive and negative electrode layer.First transparency conducting layer is positioned on the other transparency carrier of thin film solar cell, and first transparency conducting layer does not contact mutually with thin film solar cell.Electrochromic material covers surface and the thin film solar cell that first transparency conducting layer is exposed at least, and wherein the negative electrode layer of first transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of above-mentioned electrochromic material simultaneously.First switching device shifter then electrically connects the positive and negative electrode layer in first transparency conducting layer and the thin film solar cell, and wherein first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
In one embodiment of this invention, the anodal layer of above-mentioned thin film solar cell has an exposed surface, but and modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprise one first insulation course on the exposed surface that is positioned at anodal layer, be positioned at above-mentioned first transparency conducting layer on first insulation course.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprise one second insulation course on the negative electrode layer that is positioned at thin film solar cell, be positioned at one second transparency conducting layer and one second switching device shifter on second insulation course.Described second switching device shifter electrically connect in second transparency conducting layer and the thin film solar cell just with negative electrode layer, wherein second switching device shifter sees through above-mentioned at least one switch controlling signal and carries out control model.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material solution-type electrochromic material.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one first electrochomeric films that is positioned on first transparency conducting layer and the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that cover first electrochomeric films and thin film solar cell.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one second electrochomeric films that is positioned on second transparency conducting layer and the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that cover second electrochomeric films and first transparency conducting layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises an ion storage layer, is arranged on second transparency conducting layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises first charge and discharge device that couples first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the first transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises one second charge and discharge device, couples second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the second transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also can comprise a photoresistance film, is arranged on the surface of negative electrode layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises the external impedance loop of at least one adjustable impedance value, is coupled to the positive and negative electrode layer of thin film solar cell.
But the present invention reintroduces a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module, comprises a transparency carrier, thin film solar cell, first insulation course, first transparency conducting layer, electrochromic material and one first switching device shifter at least.Thin film solar cell is positioned on the transparency carrier, wherein each thin film solar cell has the photoelectric conversion layer between an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and the positive and negative utmost point layer of living at least, wherein anodal layer and negative electrode layer having an exposed surface and come out between thin film solar cell wherein.First transparency conducting layer then lays respectively on each exposed surface, and first insulation course lays respectively between each exposed surface and each first transparency conducting layer.Electrochromic material covers surface and at least one thin film solar cell that at least one first transparency conducting layer is exposed respectively, and wherein the negative electrode layer of first transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material simultaneously.First switching device shifter then electrically connect one first transparency conducting layer and a thin film solar cell under the electrochromic material just with negative electrode layer, wherein first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a plurality of second insulation courses, a plurality of second transparency conducting layer and at least one second switching device shifter.Above-mentioned second insulation course is positioned on the negative electrode layer of each thin film solar cell, and second transparency conducting layer is positioned on second insulation course, as for second switching device shifter be electrically connect in second transparency conducting layer and the thin film solar cell just with negative electrode layer, wherein above-mentioned second switching device shifter sees through at least one switch controlling signal and carries out control model.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned thin film solar cell is to connect with series system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the anodal layer of the thin film solar cell under the anodal layer under above-mentioned first transparency conducting layer under the same electrochromic material and same electrochromic material does not link to each other mutually; And above-mentioned first switching device shifter electrically connects the anodal layer and the negative electrode layer of first beneath transparency conducting layer of same electrochromic material and thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned at least one first switching device shifter is single first switching device shifter, electrically connect the anodal layer and the negative electrode layer of the first beneath transparency conducting layer of each electrochromic material and each thin film solar cell, and but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also can comprise single first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the first transparency conducting layer power supply is provided; And the external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values, couple negative electrode layer, first transparency conducting layer and first charge and discharge device in each thin film solar cell, with the variable color depth of independent each electrochromic material of control.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one first electrochomeric films that is positioned at the surface that each first transparency conducting layer exposed and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that covers first electrochomeric films and thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one second electrochomeric films that is positioned at the surface that each second transparency conducting layer exposed and covers second electrochomeric films and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte of first transparency conducting layer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises at least one first charge and discharge device, couples first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the first transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises at least one second charge and discharge device, couples second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the second transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
In another embodiment of the present invention, also an ion storage layer can be set on above-mentioned second transparency conducting layer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged at the surface of negative electrode layer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises one second charge and discharge device, couples second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or the second transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises the external impedance loop of at least one group of adjustable impedance value, couple at least one anodal layer and at least one negative electrode layer in the thin film solar cell, with the variable color depth of independent each electrochromic material of control.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several common anode variableimpedances, and the one end couples the anodal layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the negative electrode layer in each thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several common cathode variableimpedances, and the one end couples a negative electrode layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the anodal layer in each thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several series connection variableimpedances, and an end of each series connection variableimpedance couples the anodal layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the negative electrode layer in another thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises the variableimpedance that is end-to-end, and couples this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell at this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell at an edge and another edge.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged on the negative electrode layer of thin film solar cell.
Based on the above, structure of the present invention is because be designed to electrochromics system (transparency conducting layer and electrochromic material) and the thin film solar cell shared electrode, and the just very independently transparency conducting layer of electrochromics system.So, just can see through the circuit design that adds, control the positive pole of electrochromics system and the generation of negative electricity potential difference,, reach uniform variable color simultaneously to form a kind of assembly switch.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, embodiment cited below particularly, and conjunction with figs. is described in detail below.
Description of drawings
But Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the assembly of Fig. 1;
But Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E is respectively the circuit diagram of the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of Fig. 1 and several control models that switching device shifter carried out wherein;
But Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 C is the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assemblies of one second embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 G is the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of one the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 4th embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 5th embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of one the 6th embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 7th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B are the diagrammatic cross-section of two kinds of modules in addition of the 7th embodiment;
But Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 8th embodiment of the present invention;
But Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are respectively the diagrammatic cross-section according to two kinds of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of one the 9th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of the silicon-film solar-cell of experiment one;
Figure 14 is the painted of experiment two Prussian blue film and the spectrogram that fades;
Figure 15 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of the silicon-film solar-cell module of experiment three.Symbol logo
100,600,700,900,1202: transparency carrier
102,500,702,902,1204: thin film solar cell
104,408,502,528,704,904,1002,1206,1222: transparency conducting layer
104a, 600a, 704a, 112: surface
106,708a～d, 906: electrochromic material
106a, 410,800,922,1004,1212,1224: electrochomeric films
106b, 802a～d, 924,1210: colloidal state or solid electrolyte
108,412,530,710,908,1006: switching device shifter
110,414,532,712,910,1008,1208: charge and discharge device
114,506,716,914,1204a: anodal layer
116,508,718,916,1204b: negative electrode layer
118,510,720,918,1204c: photoelectric conversion layer
120,714,804,912,1102: the external impedance loop of adjustable impedance value
122,416,534,722,1010: first node
124,418,536,724,1012: Section Point
400,506a, 716a, 914a: exposed surface
402,406,512,526,706,920,1000,1214,1226: insulation course
404: metal level
420,538,726,1014: the three nodes
422,540,1016: ion storage layer
504: the solution-type electrochromic material
514: passivation layer
516: be total to the anode variableimpedance
518: the common cathode variableimpedance
520: the series connection variableimpedance
522: variableimpedance is end-to-end
524,1100: the photoresistance film
602: the reflection plated film
806: encapsulating material
926: but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly
1200,1220: but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module
S1, S1 ', sw1: first switch
S2, S2 ', sw2: second switch
S3, S3 ', sw3a, sw3b, sw3c: the 3rd switch
Sw4: the 4th switch
Sw5: the 5th switch
Sw6: the 6th switch
X1, y1, z1: first end
X2, y2, z2: second end
Y3, z3: the 3rd end
Embodiment
But Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one first embodiment of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of first embodiment comprises a transparency carrier 100, a thin film solar cell 102, one first transparency conducting layer 104, an electrochromic material 106, one first switching device shifter 108, one first charge and discharge device 110, and wherein transparency carrier 100 for example is glass, plastics or flexible base plate.And thin film solar cell 102 is to be positioned on the surface 112 of transparency carrier 100, and wherein thin film solar cell 102 has the photoelectric conversion layer 118 of anodal layer 114, one negative electrode layer 116 and position between positive and negative electrode layer 114 and 116 at least.In first embodiment, thin film solar cell 102 is silicon-film solar-cell, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell, cadmium tellurium (CdTe) thin film solar cell or other solar cell that is fit to for example.In addition, can also add the external impedance loop 120 of an adjustable impedance value in the present embodiment, be coupled to the anodal layer 114 and negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102, with the variable color depth of control electrochromic material 106.In addition, present embodiment is when being applied to the module of cascaded structure, and external impedance loop 120 can allow each single thin film solar cell 102 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, and makes whole module variable color color even.
Cover first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102 because the present invention is integral structure and electrochromic material 106, can produce pressure reduction and electric current behind the irradiation and make electric charge move and produce redox reaction betwixt.
First transparency conducting layer 104 among the present invention and thin film solar cell 102 are structures side by side, after utilizing switching device shifter to electrically connect anodal layer 114 and negative electrode layer 116 in first transparency conducting layer 104 and the thin film solar cell 102, first transparency conducting layer 104 and the negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102 are played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 106 simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 1, first transparency conducting layer 104 is to be positioned on the transparency carrier 100 on thin film solar cell 102 sides, and 106 of electrochromic materials cover surperficial 104a and the thin film solar cell 102 that first transparency conducting layer 104 is exposed at least.As for above-mentioned first switching device shifter 108 are the anodal layers 114 and negative electrode layer 116 that electrically connect in first transparency conducting layer 104 and the thin film solar cell 102, and first switching device shifter 108 is to see through at least one switch controlling signal to carry out a control model.At this moment, the negative electrode layer 116 of first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102 is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 106 simultaneously.110 of first charge and discharge devices couple above-mentioned first switching device shifter 108, to store from the electric current of above-mentioned thin film solar cell 102 and/or above-mentioned first transparency conducting layer, 104 power supplys be provided, for example capacitor (capacitor) or accumulator (battery) of first charge and discharge device 110 wherein.
With first embodiment is example, a colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b that electrochromic material 106 can be one first electrochromics film 106a and covers the first electrochromics film 106a and thin film solar cell 102, the wherein high molecular polymer that for example forms of the composition of the first electrochromics film 106a by aniline (Aniline) monomer, dioxoethyl thiophene (EDOT) monomer or amethyst (Viologen) monomer polymerization; Perhaps Prussian blue derivant (Prussian Blue derivatives).
In addition, the first electrochromics film 106a also can be " transition metal oxide " (transition metal oxide), as is selected from and comprises WO 3, MoO 3, V 2O 5, Cu 2O, Nb 2O 5, NiO, SnO, Fe 2O 3, CoO, Ir 2O 3, Rh 2O 3And MnO 2The transition metal oxide group who is formed, and " transition metal " (transition metal) is selected from by the formed metal of transition metal group that contains Mn, Mg, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, Cr, Fe, Bi, Sb, Au, Zn, Pt, Ag, Ti, Nb, Te and Se, alloy, hydride (hydride), chalcogenide (chalcogenide) and telluride (telluride).For example, transition metal hydride is to be selected from the group of containing Sb-Cu, Sb-Al, Mg, Mg-Ti and Mg-Ni; The transition metal chalcogenide is to be selected to contain NbSe and TiS 2Group; The transition metal telluride is to be selected to contain NbTe 2Group.The film of above-mentioned transition metal is to change its optical characteristics via being exposed to dilution hydrogen (dilute hydrogen gas); Perhaps the film of above-mentioned transition metal changes its optical characteristics by means of contacting with alkaline electrolyte (alkaline electrolyte).
For example contain alkali metal salt, solvent and macromolecular material as for colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b, wherein for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium perchlorate or tetraalkylammonium salt of alkali metal salt; Solvent is for example propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) then; Macromolecular material as poly-oxirene (polyethylene oxide), polypropyleneoxide (polypropylene oxide), polyvinyl butyral (Poly Vinyl Butyral, PVB) or polymethylmethacrylate (polymethylmeth-acrylate).
In addition, when as the transition metal of electrochromics film 106a or transition metal oxide after vacuum moulding machine, also can rely on the mode of continuous vacuum deposition to form solid electrolyte 106b in the surface of transparency carrier 100.Such solid electrolyte 106b such as inorganic electrolyte are as Li xTaO y, LiPON, Ta 2O 5, ZrO 2, MgF 2, Li 2O, Al 2O 3Deng.
The film build method of above electrochromic material 106 comprises and utilizes galvanochemistry to electroplate (electrodeposition), coating, collosol and gel (sol-gel) method, vacuum coating method etc.; For example: electron beam evaporation plating method (electron beam evaporation), hot vapour deposition method (thermal evaporation), the auxiliary coating of ion (ion-assisted coating), reactivity and non-reacted sputter (reactive and non-reactive sputtering), chemical gaseous phase Shen long-pending (CVD), electricity slurry are promoted chemical gaseous phase Shen and are amassed (plasma enhanced CVD) or atmospheric pressure chemical gas phase Shen long-pending (atmospheric pressure CVD).In addition, in the film forming processing procedure, also can utilize shielding (mask) to change long-pending position, Shen.
In first embodiment, the positive pole of first charge and discharge device 110 and negative pole rely on a first node 122 and a Section Point 124 to be coupled to first switching device shifter 108 respectively, and first switching device shifter 108 for example has one first switch S 1, a second switch S2, one the 3rd switch S 3, wherein first, second and the 3rd switch S 1, S2 and S3 such as transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch.And first switch S 1 has the first end x1 and the second end x2, and wherein the first end x1 couples anodal layer 114, and the second end x2 couples first node 122.Second switch S2 then has the first end y1, the second end y2 and the 3rd end y3, and wherein the first end y1 couples negative electrode layer 116, the second end y2 and couples first node 122, and the 3rd end y3 couples Section Point 124.The 3rd switch S 3 also has the first end z1, the second end z2, the 3rd end z3, and wherein the first end z1 couples transparency conducting layer 104, the second end z2 and couples first node 122, and the 3rd end z3 couples Section Point 124.
First switching device shifter 108 of first embodiment as long as can meet the circuit diagram of Fig. 2, all can be used as switching device shifter of the present invention except example shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 2, the thin film solar cell 102 of PV representative graph 1, the electrochromic material 106 of EC representative graph 1, between PV and EC then is charge and discharge device (being shown as electric capacity in the drawings).The switching device shifter of Fig. 2 can see through switch controlling signal I, II, III carries out various control models.
Therefore, be example with first switching device shifter 108 of Fig. 1, the control model that switching device shifter of the present invention can carry out has the several modes shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E, below explanation one by one.
At first, the control model that shows at Fig. 3 A is idle mode (idle mode).During idle mode, first switch S 1, second switch S2 and the 3rd switch S 3 are open-circuit condition.
The control model that shows at Fig. 3 B is a charge mode.During charge mode, first switch S 1 is that the first end y1 among conducting state (i.e. the first end x1 and the mutual conducting of the second end x2), the second switch S2 and the mutual conducting of the 3rd end y3 and the 3rd switch S 3 are not on-state.Therefore, irradiation and the electric current that produces from thin film solar cell 102 will be stored in first charge and discharge device 110.
The control model that shows at Fig. 3 C is the electrochromism pattern.During the electrochromism pattern, first switch S 1 is the first end z1 and the mutual conducting of the second end z2 in open-circuit condition and the 3rd switch S 3 for conducting state, second switch S2, offer first transparency conducting layer 104 with the electric current that thin film solar cell 102 is produced, to drive electrochromic material 106 variable colors.
The control model that shows at Fig. 3 D is charging and electrochromism pattern.During charging and electrochromism pattern, first switch S 1 is the first end y1 and first end z1 in mutual conducting of the 3rd end y3 and the 3rd switch S 3 and the mutual conducting of the second end z2 among conducting state, the second switch S2.Thus, via first node 122, the electric current that thin film solar cell 102 is produced not only can offer first transparency conducting layer 104, also can be stored in first charge and discharge device 110.
And the control model that shows at Fig. 3 E is that electricity causes the pattern of fading.In electricity cause fade during, first switch S 1 is the first end y1 and first end z1 in mutual conducting of the second end y2 and the 3rd switch S 3 and the mutual conducting of the 3rd end z3 among not on-state, the second switch S2.So, under the negative pole of first charge and discharge device 110 and first transparency conducting layer 104 is electrical connected and the negative electrode layer 116 of the positive pole of first charge and discharge device 110 and thin film solar cell 102 is electrical connected situation, first charge and discharge device 110 can provide back voltage to the first transparency conducting layer 104, so that electrochromic material 106 fades.
More than first embodiment only be wherein a kind of example of the present invention, switching device shifter wherein, thin film solar cell and electrochromic material can also have the various deformation example, and be as follows.
But Fig. 4 A is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one second embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with first embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 4 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of second embodiment is identical with first embodiment, comprises transparency carrier 100, thin film solar cell 102, first transparency conducting layer 104, electrochromic material 106, first switching device shifter 108 and first charge and discharge device 110.Both difference are that the anodal layer 114 of the thin film solar cell 102 among second embodiment has an exposed surface 400.And one deck first insulation course 402 is arranged on this exposed surface 400, and first transparency conducting layer 104 is located on this layer first insulation course 402.In addition, the negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102 generally is transparent conductive oxide (TCO), to help electrical conduction so on negative electrode layer 116, form layer of metal layer 404 (as silver, gold or platinum), but improve the photoelectric transformation efficiency of thin film solar cell 102 and the stability that improves the painted of this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and fade, can be coupled to metal level 404 this moment with the first end y1 of the second switch S2 in the switching device shifter 108.
In addition, present embodiment is when being applied to the module of cascaded structure, metal level 404 can be replaced with one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film, so the photoresistance film of available different impedances is controlled the color of electrochromic material 106 gradual changes, made module have the gradually effect of layer.
But Fig. 4 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of second embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 4 A to represent identical member.In Fig. 4 B, can establish one deck second transparency conducting layer 408 and electrochromic material 106 in also establishing on the negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102 on first insulating layer 406, second insulation course 406, wherein electrochromic material 106 can be one first electrochomeric films 106a and one second electrochomeric films 410 and covers the first electrochomeric films 106a and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 106b of second electrochomeric films 410.Arrange in pairs or groups the then color of one second switching device shifter 412 and one second charge and discharge device 414 second electrochomeric films 410 on can modulation negative electrode layer 116.In addition, present embodiment can also select only at second transparency conducting layer 408 second electrochomeric films 410 is arranged, and do not have the first electrochomeric films 106a, this moment, colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b can directly cover first transparency conducting layer 104 and second electrochomeric films 410.
In order to improve the penetrability of thin film solar cell 102, form a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) 116 of negative electrode layers.Above-mentioned second switching device shifter 412 is the anodal layers 114 and negative electrode layer 116 that electrically connect in second transparency conducting layer 408 and the thin film solar cell 102, and see through switch controlling signal and carry out control model, for example transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch of second switching device shifter 412 wherein.Couple second switching device shifter 412 as for 414 of second charge and discharge devices, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 102 and/or provide second transparency conducting layer 408 power supplys, for example capacitor or accumulator of second charge and discharge device 414 wherein.
In Fig. 4 B, second switching device shifter 412 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 116, the other end couples first node 416.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 114, two ends couple Section Point 418 and the 3rd node 420 respectively in addition.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples second transparency conducting layer 408, two ends couple first node 416 and Section Point 418 respectively in addition.Wherein, first node 416 is connected with the 3rd node 420.The both positive and negative polarity of second charge and discharge device 414 then is to receive Section Point 418 and the 3rd node 420 respectively.
But Fig. 4 C is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of second embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 4 B to represent identical member.In Fig. 4 C, second electrochomeric films is a kind of ion storage layer (ion storage layer) 422, and the adding of ion storage layer 422 can help the electric quantity balancing of electrochromic material 106 and can increase the switch number of times of painted/fade (on/off) of assembly.The material of ion storage layer 422 for example is that (poly (3 as poly-enedioxy thiophene for the material of complementary polymerization electrochromic window assemblies (complementary polymeric electrochromic device), 4-ethylenedioxy thiophene, PEDOT), 3,4-trimethylene dioxy thiophene (3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, ProDOT), amethyst Or inorganic material, as ZnO, NiO, V 2O 5, WO 3Deng.
Because the assembly of the foregoing description also can be made into module, so but following several embodiment is to be example with various enforceable modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules.
But Fig. 5 A is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with first embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 5 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment comprises transparency carrier 100, a plurality of thin film solar cell 500, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 502, solution-type electrochromic material 504, at least one switching device shifter 108 and at least one charge and discharge device 110.Above-mentioned thin film solar cell 500 has anodal layer 506, one negative electrode layer 508 and a photoelectric conversion layer 510.In the 3rd embodiment, connect with series system because between the thin film solar cell 500 be, so the anodal layer 506 between the thin film solar cell 500 has an exposed surface 506a, transparency conducting layer 502 then comes out between thin film solar cell 500 as the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504, and solution-type electrochromic material 504 is shared identical negative electrode layer 508 with thin film solar cell 500 simultaneously.In addition, between anodal layer 506 and transparency conducting layer 502, a layer insulating 512 is arranged.
As for solution-type electrochromic material 504 is to cover on the surface and thin film solar cell 500 that transparency conducting layer 502 exposed.Wherein, but at least one transparency conducting layer 502 and just can be formed a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly by at least one thin film solar cell 500 that solution-type electrochromic material 504 covers.But switching device shifter 108 then electrically connects anodal layer 506 and negative electrode layer 508 in transparency conducting layer 502 in the above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and the thin film solar cell 500, but with control modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.At this moment, the negative electrode layer 508 of transparency conducting layer 502 and thin film solar cell 500 is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.Above-mentioned switching device shifter 108 can be with reference to first embodiment with the coupling mode of charge and discharge device 110.Employed external impedance loop is for being total to anode variableimpedance 516 in this figure, and anodal layer 506, the other end that an end of these common anode variableimpedances 516 couples in the thin film solar cell 500 couple the negative electrode layer 508 in each thin film solar cell 500.Such circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.In addition, also can passivation layer 514 be set respectively, not destroyed by solution-type electrochromic material 504 in order to protection photoelectric conversion layer 510 at the sidewall of the photoelectric conversion layer 510 in each thin film solar cell 500.
In the 3rd embodiment, electrochromic material is exactly a solution-type electrochromic material 504, and its composition for example is oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material.Described oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material for example is to be selected to comprise a kind of material or its combination of selecting among the material group that negative pole off-color material and anodal off-color material form.For instance, for example methyl amethyst (methyl viologen), ethyl amethyst (ethyl viologen), phenyl amethyst (benzyl viologen) or propyl group amethyst (propyl viologen) of negative pole off-color material; And anodal off-color material for example dimethyl azophenlyene (dimethyl-phenazine) or phenylenediamine (phenylene diamine) or N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine, TMPD) etc.In addition, the composition of above-mentioned solution-type electrochromic material 504 also can comprise liquid electrolyte, as comprise the liquid electrolyte of alkali metal salt and solvent, for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (lithium triflate), lithium perchlorate (lithium perchlorate) or tetraalkylammonium salt (tetra alkyl ammonium salt) of alkali metal salt wherein; Solvent is propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate), ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate), gamma-butyrolacton (γ-butyrolactone), acetonitrile (acetonitrile), tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran for example then, THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP).In addition, in solution-type electrochromic material 504, might have the macromolecular material of suitable addition, to improve the viscosity of electrochromic solutions, as poly-oxirene, polypropyleneoxide or polymethylmethacrylate etc.
Therefore, the solution-type electrochromic material 504 among the 3rd embodiment also can be in order to replace electrochomeric films 106a and colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 106b among first or second embodiment.
But Fig. 5 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.Employed external impedance loop is a plurality of common cathode variableimpedances 518 in Fig. 5 B, and an end of these common cathode variableimpedances 518 couples negative electrode layer 508, the other end in the thin film solar cell 500 and couples anodal layer 506 in each thin film solar cell 500.Such circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
But Fig. 5 C is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.Employed external impedance loop is a plurality of series connection variableimpedances 520 in Fig. 5 C, and anodal layer 506, the other end that an end of each series connection variableimpedance 520 couples in the thin film solar cell 500 couple the negative electrode layer 508 in another thin film solar cell 500, and all variableimpedances 520 form series connection.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly even.
But Fig. 5 D is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.Employed external impedance loop is the variableimpedance 522 that is end-to-end in Fig. 5 D, and it couples the negative electrode layer 508 of anodal layer 506 and the thin film solar cell 500 at another edge of the thin film solar cell 500 at an edge.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly even.
But Fig. 5 E is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 D to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 E, also have one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film 524, it is arranged between negative electrode layer 508 surfaces and solution-type electrochromic material 504 of thin film solar cell 500.Therefore, the photoresistance film 524 of available different impedances is controlled the color of solution-type electrochromic material 504 gradual changes, but so that the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of present embodiment has the gradually effect of layer.
But Fig. 5 F is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 D to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 F, on the negative electrode layer 508 of thin film solar cell 500, also can establish first insulating layer 526, on second insulation course 526, can establish one deck second transparency conducting layer 528.At this moment, in the composition of the electrochromic material 504 on second transparency conducting layer 528 as contain the negative pole off-color material, then can arrange in pairs or groups one second switching device shifter 530 and one second charge and discharge device 532 get final product the color of the electrochromic material 504 on the modulation negative electrode layer 508.Above-mentioned second switching device shifter 530 is the anodal layers 506 and negative electrode layer 508 that electrically connect in second transparency conducting layer 528 and the thin film solar cell 500, and carries out control model through switch controlling signal.Therefore, second transparency conducting layer 528 and transparency conducting layer 502 are played the part of the negative pole and the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.
In Fig. 5 F, second switching device shifter 530 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 508, the other end couples first node 534.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 506, two ends couple Section Point 536 and the 3rd node 538 respectively in addition.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples second transparency conducting layer 528, two ends couple first node 534 and Section Point 536 respectively in addition.Wherein, first node 534 is connected with the 3rd node 538.The both positive and negative polarity of second charge and discharge device 532 then is to receive Section Point 536 and the 3rd node 538 respectively.
But Fig. 5 G is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 F to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 G, in second transparency conducting layer, 528 surface configuration one deck ion storage layer 540, in order to the electric quantity balancing of solution-type electrochromic material 504 and can increase the switch number of times of painted/fade (on/off) of assembly, wherein the example of ion storage layer 540 can be with reference to second embodiment, so repeat no more.And second transparency conducting layer 528 and transparency conducting layer 502 are played the part of the negative pole and the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.
But Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 4th embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with the 3rd embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 6, another transparency carrier 600 is wherein arranged with respect to transparency carrier 100 configurations, thin film solar cell 500 and solution-type electrochromic material 504 then are between transparency carrier 100 and 600, and wherein transparency carrier 600 for example is glass, plastics or flexible base plate.In addition, also can form one deck reflection plated film 602 at the surperficial 600a of transparency carrier 600, to form minute surface, it is for example one silver-plated or aluminize or the film of chromium plating (chromium) wherein to reflect plated film 602.
But Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 5th embodiment of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 7, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 5th embodiment comprises a kind of transparency carrier 700, a plurality of thin film solar cell 702, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 704, a plurality of insulation course 706, a plurality of electrochromic material 708a～d, at least one switching device shifter 710 and at least one charge and discharge device 712.Thin film solar cell 702 is positioned on the transparency carrier 700, and each thin film solar cell 702 has anodal layer 716, one negative electrode layer 718 and the photoelectric conversion layer 720 of position between positive and negative utmost point layer 716 and 718 at least, and wherein each positive pole layers 716 has an exposed surface 716a and comes out between thin film solar cell 702.And transparency conducting layer 704 is to lay respectively on the exposed surface 716a of each anodal layer 716, and 706 of insulation courses lay respectively between anodal layer 716 and the transparency conducting layer 704.As for electrochromic material 708a～d is to cover surperficial 704a and thin film solar cell 702 that a transparency conducting layer 704 is exposed respectively, and wherein electrochromic material 708a～d can be solution-type electrochromic material (can with reference to the 3rd embodiment).In addition, but can be formed a single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly by each electrochromic material 708a～d of single transparency conducting layer 704 and single thin film solar cell 702.
In the 5th embodiment, the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under the anodal layer 716 under the transparency conducting layer 704 under the same electrochromic material 708b and same electrochromic material 708b does not link to each other mutually.Therefore switching device shifter 710 be electrically connect transparency conducting layer 704 and thin film solar cell 702 under the electrochromic material 708c just with negative electrode layer 716 and 718.At this moment, transparency conducting layer 704 and the negative electrode layer 718 of thin film solar cell 702 positive pole and the negative pole of playing the part of electrochromic material 708a～d simultaneously.In addition, also have a charge and discharge device 712 to couple above-mentioned switching device shifter 710, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 702 and/or provide transparency conducting layer 704 power supplys.In addition, can also add the external impedance loop 714 of at least one group of adjustable impedance value in the present embodiment, it is coupled to the transparency conducting layer 704 and negative electrode layer 718 of thin film solar cell 702, though in this figure, have only an external impedance loop 714, can comply with the quantity that actual demand increases external impedance loop 714.
In the 5th embodiment, the positive pole of charge and discharge device 712 and negative pole rely on a first node 722 and a Section Point 724 to be coupled to switching device shifter 710 respectively, and switching device shifter 710 for example has first switch S 1, second switch S2, the 3rd switch S 3, and it can be transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch.Wherein, an end of first switch S 1 couples anodal layer 716, and the other end couples one the 3rd node 726; The end of second switch S2 couples negative electrode layer 718, and two ends couple first node 722 and Section Point 724 respectively in addition; One end of the 3rd switch S 3 couples transparency conducting layer 704, and two ends couple Section Point 724 and the 3rd node 726 respectively in addition.Therefore, the 5th embodiment can rely on the electrochromic material 708a～d of separate type, the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under the single electrochromic material 708b is received the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under next electrochromic material 708c.
But Fig. 8 A is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 6th embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 7 to represent identical member.。
The circuit that the 6th embodiment is adopted is similar to the modular design of the 5th embodiment, wherein is that than big-difference the electrochromic material of present embodiment is electrochomeric films (106a) and the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte (106b) of image pattern 1, is described in detail as follows.
Please refer to Fig. 8 A, the electrochomeric films 800 of the 6th embodiment is that the position is on the surperficial 704a that transparency conducting layer 704 is exposed, and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d cover an electrochomeric films 800 and a thin film solar cell 702 respectively, wherein electrochomeric films 800 and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d can be with reference to the examples of first embodiment, and colloidal state in the present embodiment or solid electrolyte 802a～d have the effect of encapsulation material simultaneously.As for employed external impedance loop 804 among this figure is to be example with anode variableimpedance altogether, and anodal layer 716, the other end that an end of these common anode variableimpedances 804 couples in some thin film solar cells 702 couple the negative electrode layer 718 in each thin film solar cell 702.Certainly, but also any circuit among application drawing 5B～Fig. 5 C of the external impedance loop 804 among the 6th embodiment.
In the 6th embodiment, the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under the anodal layer 716 under the transparency conducting layer 704 under same colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 802b and same colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802b does not link to each other mutually.Therefore switching device shifter 710 be electrically connect transparency conducting layer 704 and thin film solar cell 702 under a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 802c just with negative electrode layer 716 and 718.At this moment, the negative electrode layer 718 of transparency conducting layer 704 and thin film solar cell 702 is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of the beneath electrochomeric films 800 of electrolyte 802b simultaneously.712 of charge and discharge devices couple above-mentioned switching device shifter 710, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 702 and/or provide transparency conducting layer 704 power supplys.
Fig. 8 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind of module of the 6th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 8 A to represent identical member.In Fig. 8 B, if colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d are not had a packaging effect, then can on transparency carrier 700, add an encapsulating material 806, in addition all can continue to use the structure of Fig. 8 B.
But Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 7th embodiment of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 9, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 7th embodiment comprises transparency carrier 900, a plurality of thin film solar cell 902, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 904, electrochromic material 906, at least one switching device shifter 908 and at least one charge and discharge device 910.Above-mentioned thin film solar cell 902 is positioned on the transparency carrier 900 and has anodal layer 914, one negative electrode layer 916 and a photoelectric conversion layer 918.Transparency conducting layer 904 is positioned on the transparency carrier 900 equally, and comes out between thin film solar cell 902; For instance, the anodal layer 914 of each thin film solar cell 902 has an exposed surface 914a and comes out between thin film solar cell 902, so transparency conducting layer 904 is on this exposed surface 914a, and rely on a layer insulating 920 and anodal layer 914 to be isolated.Electrochromic material 906 then can be with reference to the electrochromic material 106 of first embodiment, the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 924 that comprise an electrochomeric films 922 and cover the negative electrode layer 916 of electrochomeric films 922 and thin film solar cell 902 at least.In the 7th embodiment, but a transparency conducting layer being covered by identical colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924 904, an electrochomeric films 922 and a thin film solar cell 902 are formed a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926, but and the colloidal state in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 or solid electrolyte 924 do not link to each other.In addition, also can add the external impedance loop 912 of at least one group of adjustable impedance value,, be coupled to the negative electrode layer 916 of anodal layer 914 and the thin film solar cell 902 at another edge of the thin film solar cell 902 at an edge as the variableimpedance that is end-to-end of Fig. 5 D.Certainly, present embodiment also can be used the external impedance loop of arbitrary kind among Fig. 5 A～Fig. 5 C instead according to demand.
In addition, but, therefore can significantly reduce the electric weight energy imbalance, so should prevent the painted uneven problem of irradiation because colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924 are to be present in individually in the single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926.But switching device shifter 908 then electrically connects anodal layer 914 and negative electrode layer 916 in transparency conducting layer 904 in the above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 and the thin film solar cell 902, but with control modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926.The coupling mode of above-mentioned switching device shifter 908 and charge and discharge device 910 can be with reference to first embodiment, wherein for example capacitor (capacitor) or accumulator (battery) of charge and discharge device 910.At this moment, the negative electrode layer 916 of transparency conducting layer 904 and thin film solar cell 902 is played the part of the positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.
Figure 10 A is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind of module of the 7th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 9 to represent identical member.In Figure 10 A, except the electrochromic material 906 that covers transparency conducting layer 904 and thin film solar cell 902, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 also can have another insulation course 1000 to be formed on the surface of the negative electrode layer 916 of thin film solar cell 902, on insulation course 1000, can establish layer of transparent conductive layer 1002 again, one deck electrochomeric films 1004 (as the negative pole electrochomeric films) is arranged, the color of arrange in pairs or groups then a switching device shifter 1006 and charge and discharge device 1008 electrochromic material 906 on can modulation negative electrode layer 916 on transparency conducting layer 1002.Above-mentioned switching device shifter 1006 is the anodal layers 914 and negative electrode layer 916 that electrically connect in transparency conducting layer 1002 and the thin film solar cell 902, and carries out control model through switch controlling signal.At this moment, transparency conducting layer 1002 and transparency conducting layer 904 are played the part of the negative pole and the positive pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.In addition, present embodiment can also select only to have electrochomeric films 1004 on transparency conducting layer 1002, and do not have electrochomeric films 922 at transparency conducting layer 904, this moment, colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924 can directly cover transparency conducting layer 904 and electrochomeric films 1004.
In Figure 10 A, switching device shifter 1006 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 916, the other end couples first node 1010.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 914, two ends couple Section Point 1012 and the 3rd node 1014 respectively in addition.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples transparency conducting layer 1002, two ends couple first node 1010 and Section Point 1012 respectively in addition.Wherein, first node 1010 is connected with the 3rd node 1014.Both positive and negative polarity as for charge and discharge device 1008 then is to receive Section Point 1012 and the 3rd node 1014 respectively.
But Figure 10 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the 7th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Figure 10 A to represent identical member.In Figure 10 B, use one deck ion storage layer 1016 to replace the negative pole electrochomeric films 1004 of Figure 10 A, ion storage layer 1016 helps the electric quantity balancing of electrochromic material 906 and can increase the switch number of times of painted/fade (on/off) of assembly.At this moment, transparency conducting layer 1002 and transparency conducting layer 904 are played the part of the negative pole and the positive pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.The material of ion storage layer 1016 for example is the material of complementary polymerization electrochromic window assemblies such as PEDOT, ProDOT, amethyst; Or inorganic material such as ZnO, NiO, V 2O 5, WO 3Deng.
But Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of one the 8th embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with the 7th embodiment to represent identical member.Please refer to Figure 11, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 8th embodiment and the difference of the 7th embodiment are: also configurable one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film 1100 between the negative electrode layer 916 of each thin film solar cell 902 and colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 924.Therefore the photoresistance film 1100 of available different impedances is controlled the color of electrochromic material 906 gradual changes, but so that the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of present embodiment has the gradually effect of layer.In addition, employed external impedance loop 1102 is that the series connection variableimpedance with Fig. 5 C is an example in this figure, and this figure also can use the external impedance loop of arbitrary kind among Fig. 5 A, 5B or the 5D instead according to demand certainly.
The module of above Fig. 7 to Figure 11 is not because therefore discontinuous electrolyte of strip or electrochromic material design can " add " external impedance loop yet.
But Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are respectively the diagrammatic cross-sections according to two kinds of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of one the 9th embodiment of the present invention.
Please earlier with reference to Figure 12 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1200 of the 9th embodiment comprises thin film solar cell 1204 (comprising anodal layer 1204a, negative electrode layer 1204b and photoelectric conversion layer 1204c), first transparency conducting layer 1206, first switching device shifter, single charge and discharge device 1208, solid electrolyte 1210 and electrochomeric films 1212 of transparency carrier 1202, series connection.Be typically provided with insulation course 1214 between anodal layer 1204a and the transparency conducting layer 1206.
In Figure 12 A, the circuit control device that first switching device shifter is made up of a plurality of switches, and it connects the anodal layer 1204a and the negative electrode layer 1204b of transparency conducting layer 1206 and thin film solar cell 1204 respectively.But when modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module irradiation, with the sw1 connection of first switching device shifter, electrochomeric films 1212 just can be painted.Sw2, sw3a and sw4 connect simultaneously, and so the electrical power storage that just thin-film solar cell module 1200 can be produced is in single charge and discharge device 1208.The accumulate mechanism of the 9th embodiment and general thin film solar cell film category seemingly are connected to single charge and discharge device 1208 for utilizing sw3a and sw4 and sw1 with the negative, positive utmost point (1204b and the 1204a) two ends that sw2 connects the thin film solar cell 1204 of connecting.But fade as making modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1200, then must connect sw5, sw3a with each sw3b so that single charge and discharge device 1208 be connected with each negative pole 1204b, and connect sw6 to each transparency conducting layer 1206 so that back voltage and electric current to be provided.Because the electricity of the 9th embodiment causes to fade and only needs provide back voltage and electric current by single charge and discharge device 1208, therefore be connected to each thin film solar cell negative electrode layer 1204b and transparency conducting layer 1206 all hinders the protective film solar cell with adjustable variable.
But in Figure 12 B, then show another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1220, the difference of itself and Figure 12 A is can establish layer of transparent conductive layer 1222 again on the negative electrode layer 1204b of thin film solar cell 1204, one deck electrochomeric films 1224 (as the negative pole electrochomeric films) is arranged on transparency conducting layer 1222, and be typically provided with insulation course 1226 between negative electrode layer 1204b and the transparency conducting layer 1222, arrange in pairs or groups then single switching device shifter and single charge and discharge device 1208 get final product the color of the electrochomeric films 1224 on the modulation negative electrode layer 1204b.
In addition, the solid electrolyte 1210 among the 9th embodiment and electrochomeric films 1212,1224 also replaceable become the solution-type electrochromic material (as Fig. 5 A 504).In addition, also electrochromic material, ion storage layer or photoresistance film etc. can be set with reference to the structure of above each embodiment in the thin-film solar cell module 1200,1220 of Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B, so do not give unnecessary details at this.
In above embodiment, the electric energy that thin film solar cell produced is used for driving electrochromics system (transparency conducting layer and electrochromic material) variable color in the mode of chemical energy, and its mechanism is carried out painted and the modulation that fades for the switch controlling signal that general electrochemical redox reaction also sees through a switching device shifter.Identical principle and modular construction can be applicable to save battery (battery), electrochemical capacitor (electrochemical capacitor) or claim super capacitor (super capacitor).
Below enumerate several experiments and confirm effect of the present invention, and be to be example with the silicon-film solar-cell in following experiment.
Experiment one
In the experiment one, but the on/off on-off circuit design of checking modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.Prepare first transparent glass substrate of a slice 1cm * 4cm, and make one single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) thereon, wherein the area of the positive and negative electrode of this silicon-film solar-cell respectively is 0.5cm * 4cm.The IV curve of this silicon-film solar-cell is, as shown in figure 13, and wherein Voc=1.33volt, Jsc=11.52mA/cm 2, F.F%=61.94%, PwrMax=22.65mW and generating efficiency=9.44%.
Then, utilize the laser of 355nm wavelength to divest at the part area that the silicon-film solar-cell positive pole is exposed, isolating most anodal area and to form as the transparency conducting layer of Fig. 1, and on the surface of the transparency conducting layer after the isolation formation one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film.On a circuit board, produce circuit then, and be coupled to a capacitor, again the positive pole of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and transparency conducting layer are connected respectively on the foregoing circuit plate as the switching device shifter of Fig. 1.By above circuit design, can seeing through switching device shifter, to control the irradiation of the Prussian blue film on this layer at transparent layer painted and fade.
Above silicon-film solar-cell is placed into O.1M LiClO 4In/deionized water (DI water) electrolytic solution, and the control model of setting switching device shifter is charging and electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 10 times in second, the Prussian blue film of layer at transparent layer begins variable color, becomes light blue gradually by clear, colorless.Then, the control model of setting switching device shifter is that electricity causes the pattern of fading, can observe Prussian blue film on the transparency conducting layer in 3 times in second, become clear, colorless gradually, can reach the effect of fading so provable capacitor provides to the back voltage of electrochomeric films by light blue.Painted and the optical contrast of fading of the irradiation of Prussian blue very thin film as shown in figure 14.
Experiment two
In experiment two, but the surface of the single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) in the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module is with continuous solid electrolyte contact.
Prepare the transparent glass substrate of a slice 3cm * 4cm, and make three groups of silicon-film solar-cell cell that are one another in series thereon, the positive and negative electrode area of each group silicon-film solar-cell respectively is 0.5cm * 4cm, and is wherein anodal by exposing between negative pole.The light transfer characteristic of this silicon-film solar-cell module is as follows, Voc=3.98volts, Isc=27.84mA, F.F%=67.31%, PwrMax=74.67mW and module generating efficiency=5.66%.(the module generating efficiency is only calculated actual generating area).
Then, on the positive pole that exposes between the silicon-film solar-cell, form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film in regular turn, the positive pole that wherein is designed to a part of silicon-film solar-cell is exposed by the SiNx layer in edge, and so design just can reach the effect that the SiNx insulation course is isolated the positive pole and the ITO layer of silicon-film solar-cell.Then, use the mode of identical with Fig. 5 A (but not adding variable resistor) to make switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, again the positive pole of first group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of silicon-film solar-cell module positive terminal and negative pole and ito thin film are connected respectively on the above-mentioned switching device shifter, but but form the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module that is composed in series by three single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assemblies.Owing to, therefore just have three groups of switching device shifters with independent control single component because of above-mentioned silicon-film solar-cell module is made up of three silicon-film solar-cells.
Then, at 0.1M tetrafluoro boric acid tetrabutylammonium (tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, TBABF4)/middle 5wt% polyethylene oxide (Poly Ethylene Oxide, PEO) the formation solid electrolyte of adding of carbonic allyl ester (propylene carbonate).Then, the solid electrolyte more than whole silicon-film solar-cell module covers, and the control model of setting switching device shifter is charging and electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
But when the above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric of solar light irradiation electrochromics assembly, in 1 minute time, Prussian blue film begins variable color, is become light bluely gradually by clear, colorless, becomes light green color again.Then, the control model of setting switching device shifter is that electricity causes the pattern of fading, can observe Prussian blue film in 1 minute time, light bluely become clear, colorless at last, can reach the effect of fading so provable capacitor provides to the back voltage of electrochomeric films by light green returning gradually.But and the feasibility of checking modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module.
By experiment two resulting conclusions, it mainly is because over oxidation causes that Prussian blue film becomes jade-green through irradiation; If its reason is because whole of silicon-film solar-cell module directly contacts with electrolyte, can be because silicon-film solar-cell (cell) be to connect with series system, therefore the electric weight imbalance that produces between solar cell (cell) and the solar cell (cell) makes near the module positive terminal to be easy to generate over oxidation and to be easy to generate the over reduction reaction at negative pole end.Even the anodal layer of each silicon-film solar-cell has the Prussian blue film of same plating, but impinges upon the light difference of two silicon-film solar-cells at silicon-film solar-cell module two ends, the painted variation of the irradiation of generation also can be different.
Below test three, experiment four and test five modular structures that propose discontinuous strip solid electrolyte in regular turn, use external variable resistor and use electrochromic systems and connect, to obtain painted solar photoelectric electrochromics module comparatively uniformly.
Experiment three
In experiment three, but the lip-deep discontinuous strip solid electrolyte of the single component in the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module (single group of silicon-film solar-cell) is independent of each other, the strip solid electrolyte with other solar cell (cell) does not contact, similar structure shown in Figure 9.
At first prepare first transparent glass substrate of a slice 3cm * 4cm, and make the three groups of silicon-film solar-cells (cell) be one another in series thereon, the positive and negative electrode area of each group silicon-film solar-cell respectively is 0.5cm * 4cm, and is wherein anodal by exposing between negative pole.The IV curve of this silicon-film solar-cell module as shown in figure 15, Voc=4.00volts, Isc=26.57mA, F.F%=64.94%, PwrMax=69.09mW and generating efficiency=5.23% (module generating efficiency only calculate actual generating area) wherein.
Then, utilize and form layer of sin x layer, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film on the most of anodal area that exposes between the single component silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of manufacture of semiconductor in the silicon-film solar-cell module in regular turn, wherein the anodal area of another part is exposed by SiNx layer and Prussian blue layer in edge.On a circuit board, produce then as testing the circuit of two switching device shifter, and be coupled to a capacitor, again the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ito thin film are connected respectively on the above-mentioned switching device shifter, but form the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module that is composed in series by three single components.By above circuit design, it is painted and fade to see through the irradiation of the lip-deep Prussian blue film of switching device shifter control ITO.Then, add 5wt% polyethylene oxide (PEO) at 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester and form solid electrolyte.Then, cover strip solid electrolyte (the edge zone of getting rid of not the anodal layer that is covered by SiNx) on Prussian blue film on the anodal layer of thin film solar cell and each thin film solar cell being covered in, and forming a single component, the control model of setting switching device shifter then is charging and electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
In experiment three, but the strip solid electrolyte in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly is independent of each other, and institute's area coverage comprises a cluster film solar cell (positive pole and a negative pole), but the strip solid electrolyte in the single component does not contact with strip solid electrolyte in the adjacent component.
But the above practice can be limited in the negative ions in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly in the strip electrolyte of single component, and can prevent to cover the unbalanced phenomenon of electric weight that the continuous electrolysis matter layer on the cascaded structure silicon-film solar-cell module is produced, and can make the assembly irradiation variable color of experiment three more even.
When the above-mentioned module of solar light irradiation, in 1 minute time, Prussian blue film begins variable color, is become light bluely gradually by clear, colorless, does not have the over oxidation reaction at first group of silicon-film solar-cell of positive terminal and produces.Therefore, but provable have cover single/single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module individually to the strip solid electrolyte on the thin film solar cell, can significantly reduce the electric weight energy imbalance, and have preferable irradiation uniform coloring degree.
The control model of setting switching device shifter then is that non-charging and electricity cause the pattern of fading, and the Prussian blue film that can observe the ITO laminar surface is in 1 fen clock time, by the light blue clear, colorless that becomes gradually.And but the design of checking strip solid electrolyte can improve the color homogeneity of single component modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module.
Experiment four (using variable resistor) to improve color homogeneity
In experiment four, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module share with one deck solid electrolyte, and the silicon-film solar-cell of each series connection all contact with this layer solid electrolyte, and uses external adjustable variable and hinder to improve the homogeneity of assembly variable color.
At first prepare a slice and test three identical silicon-film solar-cell modules, and utilize and form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film on the most of anodal area that exposes between the single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of manufacture of semiconductor in the silicon-film solar-cell module in regular turn, wherein a fraction of anodal area is exposed by SiNx layer and Prussian blue layer in edge.Then, use and test three identical modes and make switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, again the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ITO layer are connected respectively on the above-mentioned switching device shifter, but form a single component modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module.
And the transparent glass substrate of preparation a slice 10cm * 10cm.Then, at 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester and add 5wt%PEO.Again above-mentioned solid electrolyte is covered on the transparent glass substrate, then the silicon-film solar-cell module is covered electrolyte, and set charging and the electrochromism pattern of control model for powering of the switching device shifter of each group silicon-film solar-cell by silicon-film solar-cell.
The person of connecing utilizes the external impedance loop of adjustable impedance value to control the variable color depth of each thin film solar cell separately.This experiment utilizes the design of anode variableimpedance altogether, its circuit design is for utilizing the variableimpedance that is equal to thin film solar cell quantity, and an end of all external variableimpedances all concentrates to be connected to and connects anode altogether, and the other end then is connected to the negative electrode of each thin film solar cell separately.Because the single component of the silicon-film solar-cell module of experiment three has three groups, therefore connect anode altogether for there being three groups of variable resistors distinctly to be connected to.Variable-resistance Standard resistance range by 10ohm to 2M ohm.
The control model of setting switching device shifter then the serve as reasons charging and the electrochromism pattern of each group silicon-film solar-cell power supply.When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 1 fen clock time, the Prussian blue film of each group (but single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly) silicon-film solar-cell begins variable color, becomes light blue gradually by clear, colorless.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
The control model of setting switching device shifter then is that non-charging and electricity cause the pattern of fading, and can observe electrochomeric films in 1 fen clock time, by the light blue clear, colorless that becomes gradually.
Experiment five (using electrochromic system connects)
In experiment five, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module utilizes electrochromic system to connect.At first prepare three with experiment one identical silicon-film solar-cell (cell), and utilize and form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film on the most of anodal area of manufacture of semiconductor in silicon-film solar-cell in regular turn, wherein sub-fraction is not capped at the anodal area of edge.Then, use the mode identical to make switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, again the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ITO layer are connected respectively on the above-mentioned switching device shifter with Fig. 7, but formation modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.
In 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester, add 5wt%PEO to form solid electrolyte.
Then, utilize above solid electrolyte the positive pole of single component silicon-film solar-cell to be received the negative pole of next assembly silicon-film solar-cell, so that solid electrolyte covers the Prussian blue film on the positive pole that is formed on silicon-film solar-cell and the negative pole of next silicon-film solar-cell respectively, and each strip solid electrolyte is independent of each other, but does not contact with the strip solid electrolyte of other silicon-film solar-cell.
The anodal layer of the thin film solar cell under the anodal layer under the transparency conducting layer under the same strip solid electrolyte and same solid electrolyte does not link to each other mutually.
But by each the strip solid electrolyte in the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module that forms of silicon-film solar-cell of series connection is independent of each other, and the institute overlay area comprises the negative electrode layer of the thin film solar cell under a pair of Prussian blue film and the same strip solid electrolyte, but does not contact with strip solid electrolyte in other assembly.
The control model of setting switching device shifter then is charging and electrochromism pattern by single silicon-film solar-cell power supply.When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 1 fen clock time, the anodal lip-deep Prussian blue film of each silicon-film solar-cell begins variable color, becomes light blue gradually by clear, colorless.Above cascaded structure is to utilize the strip electrolyte to carry out single silicon-film solar-cell to connect with next silicon-film solar-cell, but and form single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, therefore the distribution of negative ions all is confined in the strip electrolyte, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
In sum, the present invention relies on component design, allow electrochromic system and thin film solar cell share a negative pole, the just very independently transparency conducting layer of electrochromic system wherein, and through the circuit design that adds, control the generation of positive pole and the negative electricity potential difference and the electric current of electrochromic system, to form a kind of assembly switch.In addition, the present invention also can rely on component design, allows electrochromic system connect with series system, and sees through the circuit design that adds, but controls the potential difference (PD) between the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, to form a kind of assembly switch.Therefore, the present invention can reach the modulation of solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and module easily according to the switch controlling signal of stipulating.
Though the present invention with embodiment openly as above; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.

Claims (29)

1. but a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly is characterized in that, comprises at least:
One transparency carrier;
One thin film solar cell is positioned on this transparency carrier, and wherein this thin film solar cell has an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and the position photoelectric conversion layer between this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer at least;
One first transparency conducting layer be positioned on this other transparency carrier of this thin film solar cell, and this first transparency conducting layer does not contact mutually with this thin film solar cell;
One electrochromic material covers surface and this thin film solar cell that this first transparency conducting layer is exposed at least; And
One first switching device shifter electrically connects this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this first transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
2. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell has an exposed surface, but and should also comprise by modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly:
One first insulation course is positioned on this exposed surface of this positive pole layer; And
This first transparency conducting layer is positioned on this first insulation course.
3. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
One second insulation course is positioned on this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell;
One second transparency conducting layer is positioned on this second insulation course; And
One second switching device shifter electrically connects this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this second transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this second switching device shifter carries out this control model through this at least one switch controlling signal.
4. but as each described modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that this electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material.
5. but as each described modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that this electrochromic material comprises:
One first electrochomeric films is positioned on this first transparency conducting layer; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte cover this first electrochomeric films and this thin film solar cell.
6. but as each described modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that this electrochromic material comprises:
One second electrochomeric films is positioned on this second transparency conducting layer; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte cover this second electrochomeric films and this first transparency conducting layer.
7. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises an ion storage layer, is arranged on this second transparency conducting layer.
8. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise one first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell respectively and/or this first transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
9. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise one second charge and discharge device, couple this second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell and/or this second transparency conducting layer power supply is provided.
10. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged on the surface of this negative electrode layer.
But 11. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that, also comprise the external impedance loop of at least one adjustable impedance value, be coupled to this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell.
But 12. a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module it is characterized in that, comprise at least:
One transparency carrier;
A plurality of thin film solar cells, be positioned on this transparency carrier, wherein respectively this thin film solar cell has an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer between this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer at least, wherein should the positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer having an exposed surface and come out between those thin film solar cells wherein;
A plurality of first transparency conducting layers lay respectively on this exposed surface;
A plurality of first insulation courses lay respectively at this exposed surface and respectively between this first transparency conducting layer;
A plurality of electrochromic materials cover surface and at least one this thin film solar cell that at least one this first transparency conducting layer is exposed respectively; And
At least one first switching device shifter, electrically connect beneath this first transparency conducting layer of this electrochromic material and this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell, wherein this first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
But 13. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 12 when this positive pole layer has this exposed surface, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
A plurality of second insulation courses are positioned on this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell respectively;
A plurality of second transparency conducting layers are positioned on this second insulation course; And
At least one second switching device shifter electrically connects this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this second transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this second switching device shifter sees through this at least one switch controlling signal and carries out this control model.
14. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that those thin film solar cells are to connect with series system.
But 15. as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that:
This positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell under this positive pole layer under this first transparency conducting layer under the same electrochromic material and same electrochromic material does not link to each other mutually; And
This first switching device shifter electrically connects this beneath first transparency conducting layer of same electrochromic material and this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell.
16. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, this at least one first switching device shifter is single first switching device shifter, electrically connect this first transparency conducting layer and respectively this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell under this electrochromic material respectively, but and this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprise:
Single first charge and discharge device couples this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or those first transparency conducting layer power supplys are provided; And
The external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values couples this negative electrode layer, those first transparency conducting layers and this first charge and discharge device in this thin film solar cell respectively, with the independent control variable color depth of this electrochromic material respectively.
17. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 13, it is characterized in that, this at least one second switching device shifter is single second switching device shifter, electrically connect this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell under this second transparency conducting layer and same this electrochromic material under this electrochromic material respectively, but and this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module more comprise:
Single second charge and discharge device couples this at least one second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or those second transparency conducting layer power supplys are provided; And
The external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values couples this negative electrode layer, those second transparency conducting layers and this second charge and discharge device in this thin film solar cell respectively, with the independent control variable color depth of this electrochromic material respectively.
18. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that those electrochromic materials are a solution-type electrochromic material.
19. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that those electrochromic materials comprise:
One first electrochomeric films is positioned at the surface that this first transparency conducting layer is respectively exposed; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte cover this first electrochomeric films and this thin film solar cell.
But 20. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that those electrochromic materials comprise:
One second electrochomeric films is positioned at the surface that this second transparency conducting layer is respectively exposed; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte cover this second electrochomeric films and this first transparency conducting layer.
21. but as claim 12 or the described modulation solar photoelectric of claim 13 electrochromics module, it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or those first transparency conducting layer power supplys are provided.
But 22. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13 it is characterized in that, also comprise an ion storage layer, be arranged on this second transparency conducting layer.
23. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one second charge and discharge device, couple this second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell respectively and/or those second transparency conducting layer power supplys are provided.
24. but as claim 12 or 13 described modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules, it is characterized in that, also comprise a photoresistance film, be arranged at the surface of this negative electrode layer.
25. but as claim 12 or 13 described modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop that also comprises at least one group of adjustable impedance value, coupling at least one in those thin film solar cells should positive pole layer and at least one this negative electrode layer, with the independent control variable color depth of this electrochromic material respectively.
26. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most anode variableimpedances altogether, one end of those common anode variableimpedances couples this positive pole layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end of those common anode variableimpedances couples this negative electrode layer in each thin film solar cell.
27. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most common cathode variableimpedances, one end of those common cathode variableimpedances couples this negative electrode layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end of those common cathode variableimpedances couples this positive pole layer in each thin film solar cell.
28. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most series connection variableimpedances, and respectively an end of this series connection variableimpedance couples this positive pole layer in the thin film solar cell, and the other end couples this negative electrode layer in another thin film solar cell.
29. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises the variableimpedance that is end-to-end, and couples this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell at this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell at an edge and another edge.
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