CN102279496B - Tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module - Google Patents

Tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module Download PDF

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CN102279496B
CN102279496B CN 201110139106 CN201110139106A CN102279496B CN 102279496 B CN102279496 B CN 102279496B CN 201110139106 CN201110139106 CN 201110139106 CN 201110139106 A CN201110139106 A CN 201110139106A CN 102279496 B CN102279496 B CN 102279496B
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thin film
film solar
layer
solar cell
electrochromics
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CN102279496A (en
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黄莉媚
贡振邦
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Abstract

The invention provides a tunable solar photovoltaic electrochromic assembly and module. The assembly comprises a transparent substrate, a thin-film solar cell positioned on the transparent substrate, transparent conductive layers positioned on the transparent substrate beside the thin-film solar cell, an electrochromic material covering exposed surfaces of the transparent conductive layers and the thin-film solar cell, a switching device, and a charge-discharge device coupled to the switching device. The first transparent conductive layer and a cathode layer of the thin-film solar cell respectively serve as an anode and a cathode of the electrochromic material simultaneously. The switching device is electrically connected to a first transparent conductive layer and electrically connected to an anode layer and a cathode layer of the thin-film solar cell, and enters a control mode through a switch control signal.

Description

But modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and module
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of electrochromic window assemblies, but and particularly relevant for a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly (tunable photovoltaic electrochromic device) and module.
Background technology
Typical electrochromic window assemblies structure is divided into solid-state version and solution-type.The structure of solid-state version electrochromic window assemblies is the structure that the coating/coating (as transparency conducting layer, electrochomeric films, solid electrolyte and ion storage layer) by upper and lower two-layer transparency carrier and multilayer difference in functionality is therebetween formed.The structure of solution-type electrochromic window assemblies is consisted of the electrolyte solution between two sides conductive, transparent substrate, electrically conducting transparent Electro-Discolor Coating and substrate.
The comparatively long electrochromism (electrochromism) compared to history, light electrochromism (photoelectrochromism) technology is only to need irradiation and do not need to provide in addition energy just can make the electrochromic layer effect, has more standby energy-saving effect.Light electrochromism technology at the beginning is to using the composite membrane of electrochromism layer Prussian blue (Prussian blue) and light-sensitive layer titania (TiO2) as the concept of irradiation variable color, utilize in recent years such concept, light-sensitive layer and electrochromic layer are divided in to the two poles of the earth, in order to forming assembly, such assembly can be considered as electrochromic material intercalative dye sensitization solar cell, also becomes the current light electrochromism field system of broad research the most.
For example, yet said structure is still faced problems, the large-area feasibility of the stability of light-sensitive layer or assembly in the actual development application facet.Another kind of research is that thin film solar cell and electrochromic window assemblies are formed on a substrate simultaneously, then utilizes in addition suitable switch to control electrochromic window assemblies and thin film solar cell, as U.S. Pat 5384653 is disclosed.Yet the control module of this part United States Patent (USP) (control box) only can rely on switch to utilize solar cell or accumulator to drive the electrochromics assembly painted or fade.
Moreover, U.S. Pat 5377037 a kind of solar cells of invention and electrochromic device are combined into the design of single device, mainly on the first surface conducting glass substrate, by silicon-film solar-cell with laminated (tandem) mode and the combination of inorganic electrochromic device, and in mode in opposite directions by silicon-film solar-cell module and the combination of another side transparent conducting glass substrate, dispose liquid organic electrolyte solution or solid-state inorganic electrolyte layer therebetween.The bleeder resistance that this application of installation presets (bleed resistor) carries out the switch of electrochromic material to be controlled, and wherein this bleeder resistance is that the mode of connecting is connected electrochromic material with thin film solar cell.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, but the invention provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, can see through additional circuit design, make the control model variation.
But the present invention provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module again, possess the assembly large tracts of land and control diversified effect, and thering is good variable color uniformity coefficient.
But the present invention separately provides a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module, possess equally the assembly large tracts of land and control diversified effect, and thering is good variable color uniformity coefficient.
But the present invention proposes a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, at least comprises a transparency carrier, a thin film solar cell, one first transparency conducting layer, an electrochromic material and one first switching device shifter.Wherein, thin film solar cell is on transparency carrier and have an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer between the positive and negative electrode layer.The first transparency conducting layer is positioned on the other transparency carrier of thin film solar cell, and the first transparency conducting layer does not contact mutually with thin film solar cell.Electrochromic material at least covers surface and the thin film solar cell that the first transparency conducting layer exposes, and wherein the negative electrode layer of the first transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of above-mentioned electrochromic material simultaneously.The first switching device shifter is electrically connected the positive and negative electrode layer in the first transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell, and wherein the first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
In one embodiment of this invention, the anodal layer of above-mentioned thin film solar cell has an exposed surface, but and modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprise one first insulation course on the exposed surface that is positioned at anodal layer, be positioned at above-mentioned the first transparency conducting layer on the first insulation course.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprise one second insulation course on the negative electrode layer that is positioned at thin film solar cell, be positioned at one second transparency conducting layer and one second switching device shifter on the second insulation course.Described the second switching device shifter be electrically connected in the second transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell just with negative electrode layer, wherein the second switching device shifter sees through above-mentioned at least one switch controlling signal and carries out control model.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material solution-type electrochromic material.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one first electrochomeric films be positioned on the first transparency conducting layer and the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that cover the first electrochomeric films and thin film solar cell.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one second electrochomeric films be positioned on the second transparency conducting layer and the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that cover the second electrochomeric films and the first transparency conducting layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises an ion storage layer, is arranged on the second transparency conducting layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises the first charge and discharge device that couples the first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the first transparency conducting layer power supply.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises one second charge and discharge device, couples the second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the second transparency conducting layer power supply.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also can comprise a photoresistance film, is arranged on the surface of negative electrode layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises the external impedance loop of at least one adjustable impedance value, is coupled to the positive and negative electrode layer of thin film solar cell.
But the present invention reintroduces a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module, at least comprises a transparency carrier, thin film solar cell, the first insulation course, the first transparency conducting layer, electrochromic material and one first switching device shifter.Thin film solar cell is positioned on transparency carrier, wherein each thin film solar cell at least has the photoelectric conversion layer between an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and positive and negative utmost point layer of living in, wherein anodal layer and negative electrode layer having an exposed surface and come out between thin film solar cell wherein.The first transparency conducting layer lays respectively on each exposed surface, and the first insulation course lays respectively between each exposed surface and each the first transparency conducting layer.Electrochromic material covers respectively surface and at least one thin film solar cell that at least one first transparency conducting layer exposes, and wherein the negative electrode layer of the first transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material simultaneously.The first switching device shifter be electrically connected first transparency conducting layer under electrochromic material and a thin film solar cell just with negative electrode layer, wherein the first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a plurality of the second insulation courses, a plurality of the second transparency conducting layer and at least one the second switching device shifter.Above-mentioned the second insulation course is positioned on the negative electrode layer of each thin film solar cell, and the second transparency conducting layer is positioned on the second insulation course, as for the second switching device shifter be electrically connected in the second transparency conducting layer and thin film solar cell just with negative electrode layer, wherein above-mentioned the second switching device shifter sees through at least one switch controlling signal and carries out control model.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned thin film solar cell is to connect with series system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the anodal layer under above-mentioned the first transparency conducting layer under same electrochromic material is not connected mutually with the anodal layer of the thin film solar cell under same electrochromic material; And above-mentioned the first switching device shifter is electrically connected anodal layer and the negative electrode layer of the first beneath transparency conducting layer of same electrochromic material and thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned at least one the first switching device shifter is single the first switching device shifter, be electrically connected anodal layer and the negative electrode layer of the first beneath transparency conducting layer of each electrochromic material and each thin film solar cell, and but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also can comprise single the first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the first transparency conducting layer power supply; And the external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values, couple negative electrode layer, the first transparency conducting layer and the first charge and discharge device in each thin film solar cell, to control separately the variable color depth of each electrochromic material.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one first electrochomeric films that is positioned at the surface that each first transparency conducting layer exposes and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that covers the first electrochomeric films and thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned electrochromic material comprises one second electrochomeric films that is positioned at the surface that each second transparency conducting layer exposes and covers the second electrochomeric films and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte of the first transparency conducting layer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises at least one the first charge and discharge device, couples the first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the first transparency conducting layer power supply.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly also comprises at least one the second charge and discharge device, couples the second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the second transparency conducting layer power supply.
In another embodiment of the present invention, on above-mentioned the second transparency conducting layer, also an ion storage layer can be set.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged at the surface of negative electrode layer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises one second charge and discharge device, couples the second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide the second transparency conducting layer power supply.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises the external impedance loop of at least one group of adjustable impedance value, couple at least one anodal layer and at least one negative electrode layer in thin film solar cell, to control separately the variable color depth of each electrochromic material.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several common anode utmost point variableimpedances, and the one end couples the anodal layer in a thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the negative electrode layer in each thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several common cathode variableimpedances, and the one end couples a negative electrode layer in thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the anodal layer in each thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises several series connection variableimpedances, and an end of each series connection variableimpedance couples the anodal layer in a thin film solar cell, and the other end couples the negative electrode layer in another thin film solar cell.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the external impedance loop of above-mentioned adjustable impedance value comprises the variableimpedance that is end-to-end, and couples this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell at this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell at an edge and another edge.
In another embodiment of the present invention, but above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged on the negative electrode layer of thin film solar cell.
Based on the above, structure of the present invention is because be designed to electrochromics system (transparency conducting layer and electrochromic material) and the thin film solar cell shared electrode, and the just very independently transparency conducting layer of electrochromics system.So, just can see through additional circuit design, control the positive pole of electrochromics system and the generation of negative electricity potential difference, to form a kind of assembly switch, reach uniform variable color simultaneously.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
The accompanying drawing explanation
But Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one first embodiment of the present invention;
The circuit diagram of the assembly that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1;
But Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E is respectively the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of Fig. 1 and the circuit diagram of several control models that switching device shifter wherein carries out;
But Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 C is the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assemblies of one second embodiment of the present invention;
But Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 G is the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of of the present invention 1 the 3rd embodiment;
But Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 4th embodiment;
But Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 5th embodiment;
But Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are the diagrammatic cross-section according to several modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of of the present invention 1 the 6th embodiment;
But Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 7th embodiment;
The diagrammatic cross-section of another two kinds of modules that Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B are the 7th embodiment;
But Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 8th embodiment;
But Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are respectively the diagrammatic cross-section according to two kinds of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of of the present invention 1 the 9th embodiment;
Figure 13 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of the silicon-film solar-cell of experiment one;
Figure 14 is the painted of experiment two Prussian blue film and the spectrogram that fades;
Figure 15 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of the silicon-film solar-cell module of experiment three.Symbol logo
100,600,700,900,1202: transparency carrier
102,500,702,902,1204: thin film solar cell
104,408,502,528,704,904,1002,1206,1222: transparency conducting layer
104a, 600a, 704a, 112: surface
106,708a～d, 906: electrochromic material
106a, 410,800,922,1004,1212,1224: electrochomeric films
106b, 802a～d, 924,1210: colloidal state or solid electrolyte
108,412,530,710,908,1006: switching device shifter
110,414,532,712,910,1008,1208: charge and discharge device
114,506,716,914,1204a: anodal layer
116,508,718,916,1204b: negative electrode layer
118,510,720,918,1204c: photoelectric conversion layer
120,714,804,912,1102: the external impedance loop of adjustable impedance value
122,416,534,722,1010: first node
124,418,536,724,1012: Section Point
400,506a, 716a, 914a: exposed surface
402,406,512,526,706,920,1000,1214,1226: insulation course
404: metal level
420,538,726,1014: the three nodes
422,540,1016: ion storage layer
504: the solution-type electrochromic material
514: passivation layer
516: common anode utmost point variableimpedance
518: the common cathode variableimpedance
520: the series connection variableimpedance
522: variableimpedance is end-to-end
524,1100: the photoresistance film
602: the reflection plated film
806: encapsulating material
926: but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly
1200,1220: but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module
S1, S1 ', sw1: the first switch
S2, S2 ', sw2: second switch
S3, S3 ', sw3a, sw3b, sw3c: the 3rd switch
Sw4: the 4th switch
Sw5: the 5th switch
Sw6: the 6th switch
X1, y1, z1: first end
X2, y2, z2: the second end
Y3, z3: the 3rd end
Embodiment
But Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one first embodiment of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the first embodiment comprises a transparency carrier 100, a thin film solar cell 102, one first transparency conducting layer 104, an electrochromic material 106, one first switching device shifter 108, one first charge and discharge device 110, and wherein transparency carrier 100 is for example glass, plastics or flexible base plate.And thin film solar cell 102 is to be positioned on the surface 112 of transparency carrier 100, wherein thin film solar cell 102 at least has anodal layer 114, one negative electrode layer 116 and the position photoelectric conversion layer 118 between positive and negative electrode layer 114 and 116.In the first embodiment, thin film solar cell 102 is silicon-film solar-cell, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell, cadmium tellurium (CdTe) thin film solar cell or other applicable solar cell for example.In addition, the external impedance loop 120 of an additional adjustable impedance value in the present embodiment, be coupled to the anodal layer 114 and negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102, to control the variable color depth of electrochromic material 106.In addition, the present embodiment is when be applied to the module of cascaded structure, and external impedance loop 120 can allow each single thin film solar cell 102 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, and makes whole module variable color color even.
Cover the first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102 because the present invention is integral structure and electrochromic material 106, after irradiation, meeting generation pressure reduction and electric current make electric charge move betwixt and produce redox reaction.
The first transparency conducting layer 104 in the present invention and thin film solar cell 102 are structures side by side, after utilizing switching device shifter to be electrically connected the anodal layer 114 and negative electrode layer 116 in the first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102, the negative electrode layer 116 of the first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102 is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 106 simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 1, the first transparency conducting layer 104 is to be positioned on the other transparency carrier 100 of thin film solar cell 102, and 106 of electrochromic materials at least cover surperficial 104a and the thin film solar cell 102 that the first transparency conducting layer 104 exposes.As for above-mentioned the first switching device shifter 108, are the anodal layers 114 and negative electrode layer 116 that are electrically connected in the first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102, and the first switching device shifter 108 is to see through at least one switch controlling signal to carry out a control model.Now, the negative electrode layer 116 of the first transparency conducting layer 104 and thin film solar cell 102 is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 106 simultaneously.The first 110 of charge and discharge devices couple above-mentioned the first switching device shifter 108, to store from the electric current of above-mentioned thin film solar cell 102 and/or to be to provide above-mentioned the first transparency conducting layer 104 power supplys, for example capacitor (capacitor) or accumulator (battery) of the first charge and discharge device 110 wherein.
Take the first embodiment as example, a colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b that electrochromic material 106 can be one first electrochromics film 106a and covers the first electrochromics film 106a and thin film solar cell 102, the high molecular polymer that wherein composition of the first electrochromics film 106a is for example formed by aniline (Aniline) monomer, dioxoethyl thiophene (EDOT) monomer or amethyst (Viologen) monomer polymerization; Perhaps Prussian blue derivant (Prussian Blue derivatives).
In addition, the first electrochromics film 106a can be also " transition metal oxide " (transition metal oxide), comprises WO as be selected from 3, MoO 3, V 2o 5, Cu 2o, Nb 2o 5, NiO, SnO, Fe 2o 3, CoO, Ir 2o 3, Rh 2o 3and MnO 2the transition metal oxide group who forms, and " transition metal " (transition metal) is the formed metal of transition metal group, alloy, hydride (hydride), chalcogenide (chalcogenide) and telluride (telluride) that choosing freely contains Mn, Mg, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, Cr, Fe, Bi, Sb, Au, Zn, Pt, Ag, Ti, Nb, Te and Se.For example, transition metal hydride is to be selected from the group of containing Sb-Cu, Sb-Al, Mg, Mg-Ti and Mg-Ni; Transition-metal dichalcogenide is to be selected to contain NbSe and TiS 2group; The transition metal telluride is to be selected to contain NbTe 2group.The film of above-mentioned transition metal is to change its optical characteristics via being exposed to dilution hydrogen (dilute hydrogen gas); Perhaps the film of above-mentioned transition metal is by means of with alkaline electrolyte (alkaline electrolyte), contacting to change its optical characteristics.
For example contain alkali metal salt, solvent and macromolecular material as for colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b, wherein for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium perchlorate or tetraalkylammonium salt of alkali metal salt; Solvent is for example propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (NMP); Macromolecular material is as Pluronic F-127 (polyethylene oxide), polypropyleneoxide (polypropylene oxide), polyvinyl butyral (Poly Vinyl Butyral, PVB) or polymethylmethacrylate (polymethylmeth-acrylate).
In addition, when the transition metal as electrochromics film 106a or transition metal oxide, after vacuum moulding machine, also can rely on the mode of continuous vacuum deposition to form solid electrolyte 106b in the surface of transparency carrier 100.Such solid electrolyte 106b such as inorganic electrolyte, as Li xtaO y, LiPON, Ta 2o 5, ZrO 2, MgF 2, Li 2o, Al 2o 3deng.
The film build method of above electrochromic material 106 comprises and utilizes galvanochemistry to electroplate (electrodeposition), coating, collosol and gel (sol-gel) method, vacuum coating method etc.; For example: electron beam evaporation plating method (electron beam evaporation), hot vapour deposition method (thermal evaporation), the auxiliary coating of ion (ion-assisted coating), reactivity and non-reacted sputter (reactive and non-reactive sputtering), chemical gaseous phase Shen long-pending (CVD), electricity slurry are promoted chemical gaseous phase Shen and are amassed (plasma enhanced CVD) or atmospheric pressure chemical gas phase Shen long-pending (atmospheric pressure CVD).In addition, in the film forming processing procedure, also can utilize shielding (mask) to change long-pending position, Shen.
In the first embodiment, the positive pole of the first charge and discharge device 110 and negative pole rely on respectively a first node 122 and a Section Point 124 to be coupled to the first switching device shifter 108, and the first switching device shifter 108 for example has one first switch S 1, a second switch S2, one the 3rd switch S 3, wherein first, second and the 3rd switch S 1, S2 and S3 such as transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch.And the first switch S 1 has first end x1 and the second end x2, wherein first end x1 couples anodal layer 114, and the second end x2 couples first node 122.Second switch S2 has first end y1, the second end y2 and the 3rd end y3, and wherein first end y1 couples negative electrode layer 116, the second end y2 and couples first node 122, and the 3rd end y3 couples Section Point 124.The 3rd switch S 3 also has first end z1, the second end z2, the 3rd end z3, and wherein first end z1 couples transparency conducting layer 104, the second end z2 and couples first node 122, and the 3rd end z3 couples Section Point 124.
The first switching device shifter 108 of the first embodiment, except the example shown in Fig. 1, as long as can meet the circuit diagram of Fig. 2, all can be used as switching device shifter of the present invention.In Fig. 2, the thin film solar cell 102 of PV representative graph 1, the electrochromic material 106 of EC representative graph 1, is charge and discharge device (being shown as in the drawings electric capacity) between PV and EC.The switching device shifter of Fig. 2 can see through switch controlling signal I, II, III carries out various control models.
Therefore, with the first switching device shifter 108 of Fig. 1, be example, the control model that switching device shifter of the present invention can carry out has the several modes shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E, below explanation one by one.
At first, the control model shown at Fig. 3 A is idle mode (idle mode).During idle mode, the first switch S 1, second switch S2 and the 3rd switch S 3 are open-circuit condition.
The control model shown at Fig. 3 B is charge mode.During charge mode, the first switch S 1 is not on-state for the first end y1 in conducting state (being first end x1 and the mutual conducting of the second end x2), second switch S2 and the mutual conducting of the 3rd end y3 and the 3rd switch S 3.Therefore, irradiation and the electric current that produces from thin film solar cell 102 will be stored in the first charge and discharge device 110.
The control model shown at Fig. 3 C is the electrochromism pattern.During the electrochromism pattern, the first switch S 1 is first end z1 and the mutual conducting of the second end z2 in open-circuit condition and the 3rd switch S 3 for conducting state, second switch S2, offer the first transparency conducting layer 104 with the electric current that thin film solar cell 102 is produced, to drive electrochromic material 106 variable colors.
The control model shown at Fig. 3 D is charging electrochromism pattern.During charging electrochromism pattern, the first switch S 1 is first end y1 and the first end z1 in the mutual conducting of the 3rd end y3 and the 3rd switch S 3 and the mutual conducting of the second end z2 in conducting state, second switch S2.Thus, via first node 122, the electric current that thin film solar cell 102 produces not only can offer the first transparency conducting layer 104, also can be stored in the first charge and discharge device 110.
And the control model shown at Fig. 3 E is that electricity causes the pattern of fading.During electricity causes and fades, the first switch S 1 is first end y1 and the first end z1 in the mutual conducting of the second end y2 and the 3rd switch S 3 and the mutual conducting of the 3rd end z3 in not on-state, second switch S2.So, under the negative pole of the first charge and discharge device 110 and the first transparency conducting layer 104 is electrical connected and the negative electrode layer 116 of the positive pole of the first charge and discharge device 110 and thin film solar cell 102 is electrical connected situation, the first charge and discharge device 110 can provide back voltage to the first transparency conducting layer 104, so that electrochromic material 106 fades.
Above the first embodiment is only wherein a kind of example of the present invention, and switching device shifter wherein, thin film solar cell and electrochromic material can also have the various deformation example, as follows.
But Fig. 4 A is according to the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of one second embodiment of the present invention, wherein uses the element numbers identical with the first embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 4 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the second embodiment is identical with the first embodiment, comprise transparency carrier 100, thin film solar cell 102, the first transparency conducting layer 104, electrochromic material 106, the first switching device shifter 108 and the first charge and discharge device 110.Both difference are, the anodal layer 114 of the thin film solar cell 102 in the second embodiment has an exposed surface 400.And one deck the first insulation course 402 is arranged on this exposed surface 400, and the first transparency conducting layer 104 is located on this layer first insulation course 402.In addition, the negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102 is generally transparent conductive oxide (TCO), to be conducive to electrical conduction so form layer of metal layer 404 (as silver, gold or platinum) on negative electrode layer 116, but improve the photoelectric transformation efficiency of thin film solar cell 102 and the stability that improves the painted of this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and fade, now the first end y1 of the second switch S2 in switching device shifter 108 can be coupled to metal level 404.
In addition, the present embodiment is when be applied to the module of cascaded structure, metal level 404 can be replaced with one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film, so can control the color of electrochromic material 106 gradual changes with the photoresistance film of different impedances, and make module there is the gradually effect of layer.
But Fig. 4 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the second embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 4 A to represent identical member.In Fig. 4 B, also can establish on the negative electrode layer 116 of thin film solar cell 102 on first insulating layer 406, the second insulation course 406 and can establish one deck the second transparency conducting layer 408 and electrochromic material 106, wherein electrochromic material 106 can be one first electrochomeric films 106a and one second electrochomeric films 410 and covers the first electrochomeric films 106a and a colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 106b of the second electrochomeric films 410.Then the arrange in pairs or groups color of second electrochomeric films 410 of second switching device shifter 412 and one the second charge and discharge device 414 on can modulation negative electrode layer 116.In addition, the present embodiment can also select only at the second transparency conducting layer 408, the second electrochomeric films 410 is arranged, and, without the first electrochomeric films 106a, now colloidal state or solid electrolyte 106b can directly cover the first transparency conducting layer 104 and the second electrochomeric films 410.
In order to improve the penetrability of thin film solar cell 102,116 of negative electrode layers, form a transparent conductive oxide (TCO).Above-mentioned the second switching device shifter 412 is the anodal layers 114 and negative electrode layer 116 that are electrically connected in the second transparency conducting layer 408 and thin film solar cell 102, and see through switch controlling signal and carry out control model, for example transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch of the second switching device shifter 412 wherein.Couple the second switching device shifter 412 as for 414 of the second charge and discharge devices, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 102 and/or to be to provide the second transparency conducting layer 408 power supplys, for example capacitor or accumulator of the second charge and discharge device 414 wherein.
In Fig. 4 B, the second switching device shifter 412 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of the first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 116, the other end couples first node 416.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 114, another two ends couple respectively Section Point 418 and the 3rd node 420.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples the second transparency conducting layer 408, another two ends couple respectively first node 416 and Section Point 418.Wherein, first node 416 is connected with the 3rd node 420.The both positive and negative polarity of the second charge and discharge device 414 is to receive respectively Section Point 418 and the 3rd node 420.
But Fig. 4 C is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the second embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 4 B to represent identical member.In Fig. 4 C, the second electrochomeric films is a kind of ion storage layer (ion storage layer) 422, ion storage layer 422 add the electric quantity balancing that can contribute to electrochromic material 106 and can increase assembly painted/on-off times of fade (on/off).The material of ion storage layer 422 is for example that (poly (3 as poly-ethylenedioxy thiophene for the material of complementary polymerization electrochromic window assemblies (complementary polymeric electrochromic device), 4-ethylenedioxy thiophene, PEDOT), 3,4-trimethylene dioxy thiophene (3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, ProDOT), amethyst ;or inorganic material, as ZnO, NiO, V 2o 5, WO 3deng.
Because the assembly of above-described embodiment also can be made into module, so but following several embodiment is that to take various enforceable modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules be example.
But Fig. 5 A is according to the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with the first embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 5 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment comprises transparency carrier 100, a plurality of thin film solar cell 500, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 502, solution-type electrochromic material 504, at least one switching device shifter 108 and at least one charge and discharge device 110.Above-mentioned thin film solar cell 500 has anodal layer 506, one negative electrode layer 508 and a photoelectric conversion layer 510.In the 3rd embodiment, because between thin film solar cell 500 be, with series system, connect, so the anodal layer 506 between thin film solar cell 500 has an exposed surface 506a, transparency conducting layer 502 comes out as the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 between thin film solar cell 500, and solution-type electrochromic material 504 is shared identical negative electrode layer 508 with thin film solar cell 500 simultaneously.In addition, between anodal layer 506 and transparency conducting layer 502, a layer insulating 512 is arranged.
As for solution-type electrochromic material 504, be to cover on the surface and thin film solar cell 500 that transparency conducting layer 502 exposes.Wherein, but at least one transparency conducting layer 502 and at least one thin film solar cell 500 of being covered by solution-type electrochromic material 504 just can form a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.But switching device shifter 108 is electrically connected anodal layer 506 and negative electrode layer 508 in transparency conducting layer 502 in above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and thin film solar cell 500, but to control modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.Now, the negative electrode layer 508 of transparency conducting layer 502 and thin film solar cell 500 is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.Above-mentioned switching device shifter 108 can be with reference to the first embodiment with the coupling mode of charge and discharge device 110.The external impedance loop used in this figure is common anode utmost point variableimpedance 516, and anodal layer 506, the other end that an end of these common anode utmost point variableimpedances 516 couples in a thin film solar cell 500 couple the negative electrode layer 508 in each thin film solar cell 500.Such circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.In addition, the sidewall of photoelectric conversion layer 510 that also can be in each thin film solar cell 500 arranges respectively passivation layer 514, in order to protect photoelectric conversion layer 510, not destroyed by solution-type electrochromic material 504.
In the 3rd embodiment, electrochromic material is exactly solution-type electrochromic material 504, and its composition is for example oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromic material.Described oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromic material is for example to be selected to comprise a kind of material or its combination of selecting in the material group that negative pole off-color material and anodal off-color material form.For instance, for example methyl amethyst (methyl viologen), ethyl amethyst (ethyl viologen), phenyl amethyst (benzyl viologen) or propyl group amethyst (propyl viologen) of negative pole off-color material; And anodal off-color material for example dimethyl azophenlyene (dimethyl-phenazine) or phenylenediamine (phenylene diamine) or N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine, TMPD) etc.In addition, the composition of above-mentioned solution-type electrochromic material 504 also can comprise liquid electrolyte, as the liquid electrolyte that comprises alkali metal salt and solvent, wherein for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (lithium triflate), lithium perchlorate (lithium perchlorate) or tetraalkylammonium salt (tetra alkyl ammonium salt) of alkali metal salt; Solvent is for example propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate), ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate), gamma-butyrolacton (γ-butyrolactone), acetonitrile (acetonitrile), tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran, THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP).In addition, likely there is the macromolecular material of suitable addition in solution-type electrochromic material 504, to improve the viscosity of electrochromic solutions, as Pluronic F-127, polypropyleneoxide or polymethylmethacrylate etc.
Therefore, the solution-type electrochromic material 504 in the 3rd embodiment also can be in order to replace electrochomeric films 106a and colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 106b in the first or second embodiment.
But Fig. 5 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.The external impedance loop used in Fig. 5 B is a plurality of common cathode variableimpedances 518, and an end of these common cathode variableimpedances 518 couples negative electrode layer 508, the other end in thin film solar cell 500 and couples the anodal layer 506 in each thin film solar cell 500.Such circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
But Fig. 5 C is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.The external impedance loop used in Fig. 5 C is a plurality of series connection variableimpedances 520, and anodal layer 506, the other end that an end of each series connection variableimpedance 520 couples in a thin film solar cell 500 couple the negative electrode layer 508 in another thin film solar cell 500, all variableimpedances 520 form series connection.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly even.
But Fig. 5 D is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 A to represent identical member.The external impedance loop used in Fig. 5 D is the variableimpedance 522 that is end-to-end, and it couples the negative electrode layer 508 of anodal layer 506 and the thin film solar cell 500 at another edge of the thin film solar cell 500 at an edge.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell 500 its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly even.
But Fig. 5 E is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 D to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 E, also have one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film 524, it is arranged between negative electrode layer 508 surfaces and solution-type electrochromic material 504 of thin film solar cell 500.Therefore, can control with the photoresistance film 524 of different impedances the color of solution-type electrochromic material 504 gradual changes, but so that the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the present embodiment has the gradually effect of layer.
But Fig. 5 F is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 D to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 F, also can establish first insulating layer 526 on the negative electrode layer 508 of thin film solar cell 500, can establish one deck the second transparency conducting layer 528 on the second insulation course 526.Now, in the composition of the electrochromic material 504 on the second transparency conducting layer 528 as contain the negative pole off-color material, can arrange in pairs or groups second switching device shifter 530 and second charge and discharge device 532 get final product the color of the electrochromic material 504 on modulation negative electrode layer 508.Above-mentioned the second switching device shifter 530 is the anodal layers 506 and negative electrode layer 508 that are electrically connected in the second transparency conducting layer 528 and thin film solar cell 500, and carries out control model through switch controlling signal.Therefore, the second transparency conducting layer 528 and transparency conducting layer 502 are played the part of negative pole and the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.
In Fig. 5 F, the second switching device shifter 530 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of the first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 508, the other end couples first node 534.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 506, another two ends couple respectively Section Point 536 and the 3rd node 538.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples the second transparency conducting layer 528, another two ends couple respectively first node 534 and Section Point 536.Wherein, first node 534 is connected with the 3rd node 538.The both positive and negative polarity of the second charge and discharge device 532 is to receive respectively Section Point 536 and the 3rd node 538.
But Fig. 5 G is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 3rd embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 5 F to represent identical member.In Fig. 5 G, in second transparency conducting layer 528 surface configuration one deck ion storage layer 540, in order to the electric quantity balancing of solution-type electrochromic material 504 and can increase assembly painted/on-off times of fade (on/off), wherein the example of ion storage layer 540 can be with reference to the second embodiment, therefore repeat no more.And the second transparency conducting layer 528 and transparency conducting layer 502 are played the part of negative pole and the positive pole of solution-type electrochromic material 504 simultaneously.
But Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 4th embodiment, wherein use the element numbers identical with the 3rd embodiment to represent identical member.
Please refer to Fig. 6, another transparency carrier 600 is wherein arranged with respect to transparency carrier 100 configurations, thin film solar cell 500 and solution-type electrochromic material 504 are between transparency carrier 100 and 600, and wherein transparency carrier 600 is for example glass, plastics or flexible base plate.In addition, at the surperficial 600a of transparency carrier 600, also can form one deck reflection plated film 602, to form minute surface, wherein reflect plated film 602 for example one silver-plated or aluminize or the film of chromium plating (chromium).
But Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 5th embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 7, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 5th embodiment comprises a kind of transparency carrier 700, a plurality of thin film solar cell 702, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 704, a plurality of insulation course 706, a plurality of electrochromic material 708a～d, at least one switching device shifter 710 and at least one charge and discharge device 712.Thin film solar cell 702 is positioned on transparency carrier 700, and each thin film solar cell 702 at least has anodal layer 716, one negative electrode layer 718 and the photoelectric conversion layer 720 of position between positive and negative utmost point layer 716 and 718, wherein each positive pole layers 716 has an exposed surface 716a and comes out between thin film solar cell 702.And transparency conducting layer 704 is to lay respectively at each exposed surface 716a of anodal layer 716 above, 706 of insulation courses lay respectively between anodal layer 716 and transparency conducting layer 704.As for electrochromic material 708a～d, be to cover respectively surperficial 704a and the thin film solar cell 702 that a transparency conducting layer 704 exposes, wherein electrochromic material 708a～d can be solution-type electrochromic material (can with reference to the 3rd embodiment).In addition, but can be formed a single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly by each electrochromic material 708a～d of single transparency conducting layer 704 and single thin film solar cell 702.
In the 5th embodiment, the anodal layer 716 under the transparency conducting layer 704 under same electrochromic material 708b is not connected mutually with the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under same electrochromic material 708b.Therefore switching device shifter 710 be electrically connected transparency conducting layer 704 under an electrochromic material 708c and thin film solar cell 702 just with negative electrode layer 716 and 718.Now, the negative electrode layer 718 of transparency conducting layer 704 and thin film solar cell 702 is played the part of electrochromic material 708a～d simultaneously positive pole and negative pole.In addition, also have a charge and discharge device 712 to couple above-mentioned switching device shifter 710, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 702 and/or to be to provide transparency conducting layer 704 power supplys.In addition, the external impedance loop 714 of additional at least one group of adjustable impedance value in the present embodiment, it is coupled to the transparency conducting layer 704 and negative electrode layer 718 of thin film solar cell 702, although only have an external impedance loop 714 in this figure, can comply with the quantity that actual demand increases external impedance loop 714.
In the 5th embodiment, the positive pole of charge and discharge device 712 and negative pole rely on respectively a first node 722 and a Section Point 724 to be coupled to switching device shifter 710, and switching device shifter 710 for example has the first switch S 1, second switch S2, the 3rd switch S 3, and it can be transistor switch, mechanical switch or photocontrol switch.Wherein, an end of the first switch S 1 couples anodal layer 716, and the other end couples one the 3rd node 726; The end of second switch S2 couples negative electrode layer 718, and another two ends couple respectively first node 722 and Section Point 724; One end of the 3rd switch S 3 couples transparency conducting layer 704, and another two ends couple respectively Section Point 724 and the 3rd node 726.Therefore, the 5th embodiment can rely on the electrochromic material 708a～d of separate type, the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under single electrochromic material 708b is received to the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under next electrochromic material 708c.
But Fig. 8 A is according to the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 6th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 7 to represent identical member.。
The circuit that the 6th embodiment adopts is similar to the modular design of the 5th embodiment, wherein larger difference is that the electrochromic material of the present embodiment is electrochomeric films (106a) and colloidal state or the solid electrolyte (106b) of picture Fig. 1, is described in detail as follows.
Please refer to Fig. 8 A, the electrochomeric films 800 of the 6th embodiment is on a surperficial 704a who exposes at transparency conducting layer 704, and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d cover respectively an electrochomeric films 800 and a thin film solar cell 702, wherein electrochomeric films 800 and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d can be with reference to the examples of the first embodiment, and colloidal state in the present embodiment or solid electrolyte 802a～d have the effect of encapsulation material simultaneously.As for the external impedance loop 804 used in this figure, be that to take common anode utmost point variableimpedance be example, anodal layer 716, the other end that an end of these common anode utmost point variableimpedances 804 couples in some thin film solar cells 702 couple the negative electrode layer 718 in each thin film solar cell 702.Certainly, but also any circuit in application drawing 5B～Fig. 5 C of the external impedance loop 804 in the 6th embodiment.
In the 6th embodiment, the anodal layer 716 under the transparency conducting layer 704 under same colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802b is not connected mutually with the anodal layer 716 of the thin film solar cell 702 under same colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802b.Therefore switching device shifter 710 be electrically connected transparency conducting layer 704 under a colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802c and thin film solar cell 702 just with negative electrode layer 716 and 718.Now, the negative electrode layer 718 of transparency conducting layer 704 and thin film solar cell 702 is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of the beneath electrochomeric films 800 of electrolyte 802b simultaneously.712 of charge and discharge devices couple above-mentioned switching device shifter 710, to store from the electric current of thin film solar cell 702 and/or to be to provide transparency conducting layer 704 power supplys.
Fig. 8 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind of module of the 6th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 8 A to represent identical member.In Fig. 8 B, if colloidal state or solid electrolyte 802a～d are not had a packaging effect, can be on transparency carrier 700 an additional encapsulating material 806, in addition all can continue to use the structure of Fig. 8 B.
But Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 7th embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 9, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 7th embodiment comprises transparency carrier 900, a plurality of thin film solar cell 902, a plurality of transparency conducting layer 904, electrochromic material 906, at least one switching device shifter 908 and at least one charge and discharge device 910.Above-mentioned thin film solar cell 902 is positioned on transparency carrier 900 and has anodal layer 914, one negative electrode layer 916 and a photoelectric conversion layer 918.Transparency conducting layer 904 is positioned on transparency carrier 900 equally, and comes out between thin film solar cell 902; For instance, the anodal layer 914 of each thin film solar cell 902 has an exposed surface 914a and comes out between thin film solar cell 902, so transparency conducting layer 904 is on this exposed surface 914a, and rely on a layer insulating 920 and anodal layer 914 to be isolated.Electrochromic material 906 can be with reference to the electrochromic material 106 of the first embodiment, the colloidal state or the solid electrolyte 924 that comprise an electrochomeric films 922 and at least cover the negative electrode layer 916 of electrochomeric films 922 and thin film solar cell 902.In the 7th embodiment, but the transparency conducting layer 904 covered by identical colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924, an electrochomeric films 922 and a thin film solar cell 902 form a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926, but and the colloidal state in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 or solid electrolyte 924 be not connected.In addition, external impedance loop 912 that also can additional at least one group of adjustable impedance value, as the variableimpedance that is end-to-end of Fig. 5 D, be coupled to the negative electrode layer 916 of anodal layer 914 and the thin film solar cell 902 at another edge of the thin film solar cell 902 at an edge.Certainly, the present embodiment also can be used the external impedance loop of arbitrary kind in Fig. 5 A～Fig. 5 C instead according to demand.
In addition, but, because colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924 are to be present in individually in single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926, therefore can significantly reduce the Power unbalance phenomenon, so should prevent the painted inhomogeneous problem of irradiation.But switching device shifter 908 is electrically connected anodal layer 914 and negative electrode layer 916 in transparency conducting layer 904 in above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 and thin film solar cell 902, but to control modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926.The coupling mode of above-mentioned switching device shifter 908 and charge and discharge device 910 can be with reference to the first embodiment, wherein for example capacitor (capacitor) or accumulator (battery) of charge and discharge device 910.Now, the negative electrode layer 916 of transparency conducting layer 904 and thin film solar cell 902 is played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.
Figure 10 A is the diagrammatic cross-section of the another kind of module of the 7th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Fig. 9 to represent identical member.In Figure 10 A, except the electrochromic material 906 that covers transparency conducting layer 904 and thin film solar cell 902, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly 926 also can have another insulation course 1000 to be formed on the surface of the negative electrode layer 916 of thin film solar cell 902, can establish again layer of transparent conductive layer 1002 on insulation course 1000, one deck electrochomeric films 1004 (as the negative pole electrochomeric films) is arranged on transparency conducting layer 1002, the color of then arrange in pairs or groups a switching device shifter 1006 and charge and discharge device 1008 electrochromic material 906 on can modulation negative electrode layer 916.Above-mentioned switching device shifter 1006 is the anodal layers 914 and negative electrode layer 916 that are electrically connected in transparency conducting layer 1002 and thin film solar cell 902, and carries out control model through switch controlling signal.Now, transparency conducting layer 1002 and transparency conducting layer 904 are played the part of negative pole and the positive pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.In addition, the present embodiment can also select only to have on transparency conducting layer 1002 electrochomeric films 1004, and without electrochomeric films 922 at transparency conducting layer 904, now colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924 can directly cover transparency conducting layer 904 and electrochomeric films 1004.
In Figure 10 A, switching device shifter 1006 for example has one first switch S 1 ', a second switch S2 ', one the 3rd switch S 3 ', and wherein an end of the first switch S 1 ' couples negative electrode layer 916, the other end couples first node 1010.The end of second switch S2 ' couples anodal layer 914, another two ends couple respectively Section Point 1012 and the 3rd node 1014.One end of the 3rd switch S 3 ' couples transparency conducting layer 1002, another two ends couple respectively first node 1010 and Section Point 1012.Wherein, first node 1010 is connected with the 3rd node 1014.Both positive and negative polarity as for charge and discharge device 1008 is to receive respectively Section Point 1012 and the 3rd node 1014.
But Figure 10 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of another modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly of the 7th embodiment, wherein uses the element numbers identical with Figure 10 A to represent identical member.In Figure 10 B, replace the negative pole electrochomeric films 1004 of Figure 10 A by one deck ion storage layer 1016, ion storage layer 1016 contribute to the electric quantity balancing of electrochromic material 906 and can increase assembly painted/on-off times of fade (on/off).Now, transparency conducting layer 1002 and transparency conducting layer 904 are played the part of negative pole and the positive pole of electrochromic material 906 simultaneously.The material of ion storage layer 1016 is for example that the material of complementary polymerization electrochromic window assemblies is as PEDOT, ProDOT, amethyst; Or inorganic material is as ZnO, NiO, V 2o 5, WO 3deng.
But Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to a kind of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of of the present invention 1 the 8th embodiment, wherein use the element numbers identical with the 7th embodiment to represent identical member.Please refer to Figure 11, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the 8th embodiment and the difference of the 7th embodiment are: configurable one deck photoresistance (Photoresistor) film 1100 also between the negative electrode layer 916 of each thin film solar cell 902 and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 924.Therefore can control with the photoresistance film 1100 of different impedances the color of electrochromic material 906 gradual changes, but so that the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of the present embodiment has the gradually effect of layer.In addition, the external impedance loop 1102 used in this figure is that to take the series connection variableimpedance of Fig. 5 C be example, and this figure also can use the external impedance loop of arbitrary kind in Fig. 5 A, 5B or 5D instead according to demand certainly.
The module of above Fig. 7 to Figure 11, because therefore the discontinuous electrolyte of strip or electrochromic material design can " not add " external impedance loop yet.
But Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are respectively the diagrammatic cross-sections according to two kinds of modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics modules of of the present invention 1 the 9th embodiment.
Please first with reference to Figure 12 A, but the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1200 of the 9th embodiment comprises thin film solar cell 1204 (comprising anodal layer 1204a, negative electrode layer 1204b and photoelectric conversion layer 1204c), the first transparency conducting layer 1206, the first switching device shifter, single charge and discharge device 1208, solid electrolyte 1210 and the electrochomeric films 1212 of transparency carrier 1202, series connection.Be typically provided with insulation course 1214 between anodal layer 1204a and transparency conducting layer 1206.
In Figure 12 A, the circuit control device that the first switching device shifter is comprised of a plurality of switches, and it connects respectively anodal layer 1204a and the negative electrode layer 1204b of transparency conducting layer 1206 and thin film solar cell 1204.But when modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module irradiation, the sw1 of the first switching device shifter is connected, electrochomeric films 1212 just can be painted.Sw2, sw3a and sw4 connect simultaneously, and the electrical power storage that so just thin-film solar cell module 1200 can be produced is in single charge and discharge device 1208.The accumulate mechanism of the 9th embodiment and general thin film solar cell film category seemingly, are connected to single charge and discharge device 1208 with sw4 and sw1 with the negative, positive utmost point (1204b and the 1204a) two ends that sw2 connects the thin film solar cell 1204 of connecting for utilizing sw3a.But fade as made modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1200, must connect sw5, sw3a with each sw3b so that single charge and discharge device 1208 is connected with each negative pole 1204b, and connect sw6 to each transparency conducting layer 1206 so that back voltage and electric current to be provided.Only need provide back voltage and electric current by single charge and discharge device 1208 because the electricity of the 9th embodiment causes to fade, therefore be connected to each thin film solar cell negative electrode layer 1204b and transparency conducting layer 1206 all hinders the protective film solar cell with adjustable variable.
But show another kind modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module 1220 in Figure 12 B, the difference of itself and Figure 12 A is can establish layer of transparent conductive layer 1222 on the negative electrode layer 1204b of thin film solar cell 1204 again, one deck electrochomeric films 1224 (as the negative pole electrochomeric films) is arranged on transparency conducting layer 1222, and be typically provided with insulation course 1226 between negative electrode layer 1204b and transparency conducting layer 1222, then arrange in pairs or groups single switching device shifter and single charge and discharge device 1208 get final product the color of the electrochomeric films 1224 on modulation negative electrode layer 1204b.
In addition, the solid electrolyte 1210 in the 9th embodiment and electrochomeric films 1212,1224 also replaceable become the solution-type electrochromic material (as Fig. 5 A 504).In addition, also electrochromic material, ion storage layer or photoresistance film etc. can be set with reference to the structure of above each embodiment in the thin-film solar cell module 1200,1220 of Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B, therefore do not repeat at this.
In above embodiment, the electric energy that thin film solar cell produces is used for driving electrochromics system (transparency conducting layer and electrochromic material) variable color in the mode of chemical energy, and its mechanism is carried out the painted and modulation that fades for the switch controlling signal that general electrochemical redox reaction also sees through a switching device shifter.Identical principle and modular construction can be applicable to save battery (battery), electrochemical capacitor (electrochemical capacitor) or claim super capacitor (super capacitor).
Below enumerate several experiments and confirm effect of the present invention, and be to take silicon-film solar-cell as example in following experiment.
Experiment one
In experiment one, but the on/off on-off circuit design of checking modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.Prepare the first transparent glass substrate of a slice 1cm * 4cm, and make one single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) thereon, wherein the area of the positive and negative electrode of this silicon-film solar-cell is respectively 0.5cm * 4cm.The IV curve of this silicon-film solar-cell is, as shown in figure 13, and wherein Voc=1.33volt, Jsc=11.52mA/cm 2, F.F%=61.94%, PwrMax=22.65mW and generating efficiency=9.44%.
Then, utilize the part area that the laser of 355nm wavelength exposes at the silicon-film solar-cell positive pole to be divested, to isolate most anodal area and to form the transparency conducting layer as Fig. 1, and form one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film on the surface of the transparency conducting layer after isolation.Then produce the circuit as the switching device shifter of Fig. 1 on a circuit board, and be coupled to a capacitor, then the positive pole of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and transparency conducting layer are connected respectively on the foregoing circuit plate.By above circuit design, can seeing through switching device shifter, to control the irradiation of the Prussian blue film on this layer at transparent layer painted and fade.
Above silicon-film solar-cell is placed into to O.1M LiClO 4in/deionized water (DI water) electrolytic solution, and the control model of setting switching device shifter is charging and the electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 10 seconds, the Prussian blue film of layer at transparent layer starts variable color, by clear, colorless, becomes gradually light blue.Then, the control model of setting switching device shifter is that electricity causes the pattern of fading, Prussian blue film on the observable transparency conducting layer, in 3 seconds, becomes clear, colorless gradually by light blue, therefore provable capacitor provides to the back voltage of electrochomeric films, can reach the effect of fading.Painted and the optical contrast of fading of the irradiation of Prussian blue very thin film as shown in figure 14.
Experiment two
In experiment two, but the surface of the single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) in modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module is with continuous solid electrolyte contact.
Prepare the transparent glass substrate of a slice 3cm * 4cm, and make three groups of silicon-film solar-cell cell that are one another in series thereon, the positive and negative electrode area of each group silicon-film solar-cell is respectively 0.5cm * 4cm, wherein anodal by exposing between negative pole.The light transfer characteristic of this silicon-film solar-cell module is as follows, Voc=3.98volts, Isc=27.84mA, F.F%=67.31%, PwrMax=74.67mW and module generating efficiency=5.66%.(module generating efficiency only actual generating area).
Then, sequentially form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film on the positive pole exposed between silicon-film solar-cell, the positive pole that wherein is designed to a part of silicon-film solar-cell is exposed by the SiNx layer in edge, and so design just can reach the SiNx insulation course by the effect of the positive pole of silicon-film solar-cell and the isolation of ITO layer.Then, use the mode of identical with Fig. 5 A (but there is no additional variable resistor) to make switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, again the positive pole of first group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of silicon-film solar-cell module positive terminal and negative pole and ito thin film are connected respectively on above-mentioned switching device shifter, but but form the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module be composed in series by three single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assemblies.Due to because above-mentioned silicon-film solar-cell module is comprised of three silicon-film solar-cells, therefore just have three groups of switching device shifters to control separately single component.
Then, at 0.1M tetrafluoro boric acid tetrabutylammonium (tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, TBABF4) add 5wt% polyethylene oxide (Poly Ethylene Oxide, PEO) in/carbonic allyl ester (propylene carbonate) and form solid electrolyte.Then, the solid electrolyte more than whole silicon-film solar-cell module covers, and the control model of setting switching device shifter is charging the electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
But, when the above-mentioned modulation solar photoelectric of solar light irradiation electrochromics assembly, within the time of 1 minute, Prussian blue film starts variable color, by clear, colorless, become gradually light bluely, then become light green color.Then, the control model of setting switching device shifter is that electricity causes the pattern of fading, the Prussian blue film of observable, within the time of 1 minute, light bluely finally becomes clear, colorless by light green returning gradually, therefore provable capacitor provides to the back voltage of electrochomeric films, can reach the effect of fading.But and the feasibility of checking modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module.
By experiment two resulting conclusions, it is mainly because over oxidation causes that Prussian blue film becomes jade-green through irradiation; If its reason is because whole of silicon-film solar-cell module directly contacts with electrolyte, can be because silicon-film solar-cell (cell) be to connect with series system, therefore the Power unbalance produced between solar cell (cell) and solar cell (cell), make easily to produce over oxidation and easily produce the over reduction reaction at negative pole end near the module positive terminal.Even the anodal layer of each silicon-film solar-cell has the Prussian blue film of same plating, but impinges upon the light difference of two silicon-film solar-cells at silicon-film solar-cell module two ends, the painted variation of the irradiation of generation also can be different.
Below test three, test four and test five modular structures that sequentially propose discontinuous strip solid electrolyte, apply external variable resistor and the application electrochromic system is connected, to obtain painted solar photoelectric electrochromics module comparatively uniformly.
Experiment three
In experiment three, but the lip-deep discontinuous strip solid electrolyte of the single component in modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module (single group of silicon-film solar-cell) is independent of each other, with the strip solid electrolyte of other solar cell (cell), do not contact structure similar to Figure 9.
At first prepare the first transparent glass substrate of a slice 3cm * 4cm, and three groups of silicon-film solar-cells (cell) that making is one another in series thereon, the positive and negative electrode area of each group silicon-film solar-cell is respectively 0.5cm * 4cm, wherein anodal by exposing between negative pole.The IV curve of this silicon-film solar-cell module as shown in figure 15, Voc=4.00volts, Isc=26.57mA, F.F%=64.94%, PwrMax=69.09mW and generating efficiency=5.23% (module generating efficiency only actual generating area) wherein.
Then, utilize on the anodal area of the major part of exposing between the single component silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of manufacture of semiconductor in the silicon-film solar-cell module and sequentially form layer of sin x layer, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film, wherein the anodal area of another part is exposed by SiNx layer and Prussian blue layer in edge.Then on a circuit board, produce as tested the circuit of two switching device shifter, and be coupled to a capacitor, again the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ito thin film are connected respectively on above-mentioned switching device shifter, but form the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module be composed in series by three single components.By above circuit design, can seeing through switching device shifter, to control the irradiation of the lip-deep Prussian blue film of ITO painted and fade.Then, add 5wt% polyethylene oxide (PEO) at 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester and form solid electrolyte.Then, cover strip solid electrolyte (the edge zone of getting rid of the anodal layer do not covered by SiNx) being covered on Prussian blue film on the anodal layer of thin film solar cell and each thin film solar cell, and forming a single component, the control model of then setting switching device shifter is charging electrochromism pattern by the silicon-film solar-cell power supply.
In experiment three, but the strip solid electrolyte in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly is independent of each other, and institute's area coverage comprises a cluster film solar cell (positive pole and a negative pole), but the strip solid electrolyte in single component does not contact with the strip solid electrolyte in adjacent component.
But the above practice can be limited in the negative ions in each modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly in the strip electrolyte of single component, and can prevent to cover the phenomenon of the Power unbalance that the continuous electrolysis matter layer on cascaded structure silicon-film solar-cell module produces, and it is more even to make to test three assembly irradiation variable color.
When the above-mentioned module of solar light irradiation, within the time of 1 minute, Prussian blue film starts variable color, by clear, colorless, is become gradually light bluely, does not have the over oxidation reaction at first group of silicon-film solar-cell of positive terminal and produces.Therefore, but provable have cover individually single/mono-electrochromics of the modulation solar photoelectric to the strip solid electrolyte on thin film solar cell module, can significantly reduce the Power unbalance phenomenon, and there is preferably irradiation uniform coloring degree.
Then the control model of setting switching device shifter is that non-charging electricity cause the pattern of fading, and the Prussian blue film on observable ITO layer surface is in 1 minutes, by the light blue clear, colorless that becomes gradually.But and the design of checking strip solid electrolyte can improve the color homogeneity of single component modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module.
Experiment four (the application variable resistor is to improve color homogeneity)
In experiment four, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module is shared the same layer solid electrolyte, and the silicon-film solar-cell of each series connection contacts with this layer of solid electrolyte, and applies the homogeneity that external adjustable variable hinders to improve the assembly variable color.
At first prepare the silicon-film solar-cell module that a slice is identical with experiment three, and utilize on the anodal area of the major part exposed between the single group of silicon-film solar-cell (cell) of manufacture of semiconductor in the silicon-film solar-cell module and sequentially form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film, wherein a fraction of anodal area is exposed by SiNx layer and Prussian blue layer in edge.Then, use and the three identical modes of testing are made switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, then the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ITO layer are connected respectively on above-mentioned switching device shifter, but a single component modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module formed.
And the transparent glass substrate of preparation a slice 10cm * 10cm.Then, at 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester and add 5wt%PEO.Again above-mentioned solid electrolyte is covered on transparent glass substrate, then the silicon-film solar-cell module is covered to electrolyte, and set charging the electrochromism pattern of control model for being powered by silicon-film solar-cell of the switching device shifter of each group silicon-film solar-cell.
The person of connecing, utilize the external impedance loop of adjustable impedance value to control separately the variable color depth of each thin film solar cell.This experiment utilizes the design of common anode utmost point variableimpedance, its circuit design is for utilizing the variableimpedance that is equal to thin film solar cell quantity, and an end of all external variableimpedances all concentrates to be connected to and connect altogether anode, the other end is connected to the negative electrode of each thin film solar cell separately.Because the single component of experiment three silicon-film solar-cell module has three groups, therefore be provided with three groups of variable resistors and distinctly be connected to and connect altogether anode.Variable-resistance Standard resistance range by 10ohm to 2M ohm.
Then the control model of setting switching device shifter serve as reasons charging the electrochromism pattern of each group silicon-film solar-cell power supply.When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 1 minutes, the Prussian blue film of each group (but single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly) silicon-film solar-cell starts variable color, by clear, colorless, becomes gradually light blue.Above circuit design can make each thin film solar cell its electric weight distribution equilibrium when irradiation is painted, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
Then the control model of setting switching device shifter is that non-charging electricity cause the pattern of fading, and the observable electrochomeric films is in 1 minutes, by the light blue clear, colorless that becomes gradually.
Experiment five (the application electrochromic system is connected)
In experiment five, but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module utilizes electrochromic system to be connected.At first prepare three silicon-film solar-cells (cell) identical with experiment one, and utilize on the anodal area of the major part of manufacture of semiconductor in silicon-film solar-cell and sequentially form layer of sin x film, one deck ito thin film and one deck Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) film, wherein sub-fraction is capped at the anodal area of edge.Then, use the mode identical with Fig. 7 to make switching device shifter, and be coupled to capacitor, then the positive pole of one single group of silicon-film solar-cell and negative pole and ITO layer are connected respectively on above-mentioned switching device shifter, but formation modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly.
Add 5wt%PEO to form solid electrolyte in 0.1M TBABF4/ carbonic allyl ester.
Then, utilize above solid electrolyte the positive pole of single component silicon-film solar-cell to be received to the negative pole of next assembly silicon-film solar-cell, so that solid electrolyte covers respectively Prussian blue film on the positive pole that is formed on silicon-film solar-cell and the negative pole of next silicon-film solar-cell, and each strip solid electrolyte is independent of each other, but with the strip solid electrolyte of other silicon-film solar-cell, do not contact.
Anodal layer under transparency conducting layer under same strip solid electrolyte is not connected mutually with the anodal layer of the thin film solar cell under same solid electrolyte.
But each the strip solid electrolyte in the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module formed by the silicon-film solar-cell of connecting is independent of each other, and the negative electrode layer that the institute overlay area comprises the thin film solar cell under a pair of Prussian blue film and same strip solid electrolyte, but with the strip solid electrolyte in other assembly, do not contact.
Then the control model of setting switching device shifter is charging electrochromism pattern by single silicon-film solar-cell power supply.When the solar light irradiation said modules, in 1 minutes, the anodal lip-deep Prussian blue film of each silicon-film solar-cell starts variable color, by clear, colorless, becomes gradually light blue.Above cascaded structure is to utilize the strip electrolyte to carry out single silicon-film solar-cell to be connected with next silicon-film solar-cell, but and form single modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, therefore the distribution of negative ions all is confined in the strip electrolyte, but makes the variable color color of cascaded structure modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module even.
In sum, the present invention relies on component design, allow electrochromic system and thin film solar cell share a negative pole, the just very independently transparency conducting layer of electrochromic system wherein, and through additional circuit design, control the generation of positive pole and negative electricity potential difference and the electric current of electrochromic system, to form a kind of assembly switch.In addition, the present invention also can rely on component design, allows electrochromic system connect with series system, and sees through additional circuit design, but controls the potential difference (PD) between modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, to form a kind of assembly switch.Therefore, the present invention can, according to the switch controlling signal of stipulating, reach the modulation of solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly and module easily.
Although the present invention with embodiment openly as above; so it is not in order to limit the present invention; in the situation that do not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art are when making according to the present invention various corresponding changes and distortion, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.

Claims (29)

1. but a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly, is characterized in that, at least comprises:
One transparency carrier;
One thin film solar cell, be positioned on this transparency carrier, and wherein this thin film solar cell at least has an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and the position photoelectric conversion layer between this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer;
One first transparency conducting layer, be positioned on this other transparency carrier of this thin film solar cell, and this first transparency conducting layer does not contact mutually with this thin film solar cell;
One electrochromic material, at least cover surface and this thin film solar cell that this first transparency conducting layer exposes; And
One first switching device shifter, be electrically connected this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this first transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
2. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell has an exposed surface, but and should also comprise by modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly:
One first insulation course, be positioned on this exposed surface of this positive pole layer; And
This first transparency conducting layer is positioned on this first insulation course.
3. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises:
One second insulation course, be positioned on this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell;
One second transparency conducting layer, be positioned on this second insulation course; And
One second switching device shifter, be electrically connected this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this second transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this second switching device shifter carries out this control model through this at least one switch controlling signal.
4. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as described as any one in claim 1 ~ 3, is characterized in that, this electrochromic material is a solution-type electrochromic material.
5. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as described as any one in claim 1 ~ 3, is characterized in that, this electrochromic material comprises:
One first electrochomeric films, be positioned on this first transparency conducting layer; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte, cover this first electrochomeric films and this thin film solar cell.
6. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as described as any one in claim 1 ~ 3, is characterized in that, this electrochromic material comprises:
One second electrochomeric films, be positioned on this second transparency conducting layer; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte, cover this second electrochomeric films and this first transparency conducting layer.
7. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises an ion storage layer, is arranged on this second transparency conducting layer.
8. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise one first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide this first transparency conducting layer power supply.
9. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise one second charge and discharge device, couple this second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell and/or to be to provide this second transparency conducting layer power supply.
10. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises a photoresistance film, is arranged on the surface of this negative electrode layer.
But 11. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics assembly as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that, also comprise the external impedance loop of at least one adjustable impedance value, be coupled to this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell.
But 12. a modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module it is characterized in that, at least comprise:
One transparency carrier;
A plurality of thin film solar cells, be positioned on this transparency carrier, wherein respectively this thin film solar cell at least has an anodal layer, a negative electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer between this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer, wherein this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer having an exposed surface and come out between those thin film solar cells wherein;
A plurality of the first transparency conducting layers, lay respectively on this exposed surface;
A plurality of the first insulation courses, lay respectively at this exposed surface and respectively between this first transparency conducting layer;
A plurality of electrochromic materials, cover respectively surface and at least one this thin film solar cell that at least one this first transparency conducting layer exposes; And
At least one the first switching device shifter, be electrically connected beneath this first transparency conducting layer of this electrochromic material and this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell, wherein this first switching device shifter carries out a control model through at least one switch controlling signal.
But 13. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 12 when this positive pole layer has this exposed surface, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
A plurality of the second insulation courses, be positioned on this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell respectively;
A plurality of the second transparency conducting layers, be positioned on this second insulation course; And
At least one the second switching device shifter, be electrically connected this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer in this second transparency conducting layer and this thin film solar cell, and wherein this second switching device shifter sees through this at least one switch controlling signal and carries out this control model.
But 14. as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, those thin film solar cells are to connect with series system.
But 15. as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that:
This positive pole layer under this first transparency conducting layer under same electrochromic material is not connected mutually with this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell under same electrochromic material; And
This first switching device shifter is electrically connected this beneath the first transparency conducting layer of same electrochromic material and this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell.
16. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, this at least one first switching device shifter is single the first switching device shifter, be electrically connected this first transparency conducting layer under this electrochromic material respectively and respectively this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell, but and this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module also comprise:
Single the first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or to be to provide those the first transparency conducting layer power supplys; And
The external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values, couple this negative electrode layer, those first transparency conducting layers and this first charge and discharge device in this thin film solar cell respectively, to control separately the respectively variable color depth of this electrochromic material.
17. but as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 13, it is characterized in that, this at least one second switching device shifter is single the second switching device shifter, be electrically connected this positive pole layer and this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell under this second transparency conducting layer under this electrochromic material respectively and same this electrochromic material, but and this modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module more comprise:
Single the second charge and discharge device, couple this at least one the second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or to be to provide those the second transparency conducting layer power supplys; And
The external impedance loop of a plurality of adjustable impedance values, couple this negative electrode layer, those second transparency conducting layers and this second charge and discharge device in this thin film solar cell respectively, to control separately the respectively variable color depth of this electrochromic material.
But 18. as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, those electrochromic materials are a solution-type electrochromic material.
But 19. as the modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module of claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, those electrochromic materials comprise:
One first electrochomeric films, be positioned at the surface that respectively this first transparency conducting layer exposes; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte, cover this first electrochomeric films and this thin film solar cell.
But 20. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13 it is characterized in that, those electrochromic materials comprise:
One second electrochomeric films, be positioned at the surface that respectively this second transparency conducting layer exposes; And
One colloidal state or solid electrolyte, cover this second electrochomeric films and this first transparency conducting layer.
21. but as claim 12 or the described modulation solar photoelectric of claim 13 electrochromics module, it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one the first charge and discharge device, couple this first switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of those thin film solar cells and/or to be to provide those the first transparency conducting layer power supplys.
But 22. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13 it is characterized in that, also comprise an ion storage layer, be arranged on this second transparency conducting layer.
23. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one the second charge and discharge device, couple this second switching device shifter, to store from the electric current of this thin film solar cell respectively and/or to be to provide those the second transparency conducting layer power supplys.
But 24. modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as described as claim 12 or 13 it is characterized in that, also comprise a photoresistance film, be arranged at the surface of this negative electrode layer.
25. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as described as claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop that also comprises at least one group of adjustable impedance value, couple at least one this positive pole layer and at least one this negative electrode layer in those thin film solar cells, to control separately the respectively variable color depth of this electrochromic material.
26. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most common anode utmost point variableimpedances, one end of those common anode utmost point variableimpedances couples this positive pole layer in a thin film solar cell, and the other end of those common anode utmost point variableimpedances couples this negative electrode layer in each thin film solar cell.
27. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most common cathode variableimpedances, one end of those common cathode variableimpedances couples this negative electrode layer in a thin film solar cell, and the other end of those common cathode variableimpedances couples this positive pole layer in each thin film solar cell.
28. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises most series connection variableimpedances, and respectively an end of this series connection variableimpedance couples this positive pole layer in a thin film solar cell, and the other end couples this negative electrode layer in another thin film solar cell.
29. but modulation solar photoelectric electrochromics module as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the external impedance loop of this group adjustable impedance value comprises the variableimpedance that is end-to-end, and couples this negative electrode layer of this thin film solar cell at this positive pole layer of this thin film solar cell at an edge and another edge.
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