CN101673018A - Solar photovoltaic electrochromic device - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic electrochromic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101673018A CN101673018A CN200810212953A CN200810212953A CN101673018A CN 101673018 A CN101673018 A CN 101673018A CN 200810212953 A CN200810212953 A CN 200810212953A CN 200810212953 A CN200810212953 A CN 200810212953A CN 101673018 A CN101673018 A CN 101673018A
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, which comprises a semitransparent thin film solar battery substrate, an electrochromic solution and a transparent nonconductive substrate, wherein the electrochromic solution is positioned between the transparent nonconductive substrate and the semitransparent thin film solar battery substrate; the semitransparent thin film solar battery substrate comprises a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin film solar batteries; and an anode and a cathode of each thin film solar battery are simultaneously taken as an anode and a cathode of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device. A driving voltage required by the electrochromic solution is low, so the thickness of an intrinsic layer of each thin film solar battery can bereduced so as to increase the transmittance of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device. In addition, the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device can control current output provided by the thin film solar batteries by adding the configuration of an output switch connected with the thin film solar batteries.
Description
[technical field]
(electrochromic device ECD), particularly relates to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device (solar photovoltaic electrochromic device) to the present invention relates to a kind of electrochromic device.
[background technology]
So-called electrochromic device is formed, can be caused that reversible oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction produces the device of change color by applying electric field or electric current by conductive materials, the making of electrochromic device need be satisfied following a few specific character, comprise: the color that different potentials is presented down must be able to be easy to differentiate, quick and the homogeneous of change in color, the reversible variation of device color needs can repeat more than up to ten thousand times, and stability is high.Common electrochromic device comprises surface-limited film-type (surfaceconfined thin film) electrochromic device and solution-type electrochromic device.
Surface-limited film-type Structures of Electrochromic Devices adds that by upper and lower two-layer transparent base therebetween electrochromism multilayer film is formed.Wherein the electrochromism multilayer film is similar to the structure of battery, contains being coated with/coating of five layers of difference in functionality at least.Above-mentioned five layers be coated with/coating is followed successively by transparency conducting layer, electrochromic layer, dielectric substrate, ion storage layer and transparency conducting layer.The solution-type Structures of Electrochromic Devices is then fairly simple, form by upper and lower two electrically conducting transparent base materials, by epoxide-resin glue with the electrode layer mode in opposite directions two sides base material of fitting, dispose electrochromism organic solution therebetween, the composition of solution comprises oxidation or reduced form electrochromism organic small molecule material, polyelectrolyte and solvent.
Though the electrochromism technology is gone through years of researches, have only the electrochromism rearview mirror so far by commercialization, other large tracts of land electrochromic device 100 still can't overcome the uneven iris effect of variable color (iris effect) effectively, as shown in Figure 1.Such phenomenon can explain by Fig. 2, shows general electrochromic device 200 in Fig. 2, and it is made up of two sides electrically conducting transparent base material 210 and the electrochromic solutions 220 that is clipped between the two electrically conducting transparent base materials 210.Power supply is supplied around the electrode 230 of two sides electrically conducting transparent base material 210 respectively during energising, but because electrochromic device 200 planar central are different with the electric-field path length at edge, causes the impedance between fringe region and the central area that evident difference is arranged.The difference of impedance then causes as shown in Figure 1, and variable color concentration is risen to the central area by the edge and presents concentration ellipse shape graded, influences the uniformity coefficient of color changeable effect.
For expanding electrochromism The Application of Technology scope, existing multinomial correlative study in conjunction with photoelectric technology and solar cell provides more diversified direction.For example be incorporated into solar cell (the building integrated photovoltaic in the buildings, BIPV) can cooperate the electrochromism technology, need not additionally provide under the situation of power supply, variation according to the indoor and outdoor intensity of illumination, automatically adjust the depth of electrochromic color, reduce indoor heat energy.Because the new line of awareness of saving energy, this application process has become a kind of new trend.
For example U.S. Pat 5,377, and 037 has disclosed a kind of electrochromic device of having integrated silicon film solar batteries and electrochromic substance.Its structure is between the transparent conducting glass base material of two sides, sets gradually silicon film solar batteries, electrochromic device and the dielectric substrate of storehouse type (tandem) structure.Be positioned at the outermost transparent conducting glass base material in stack architecture two sides at last and with the series connection of voltage divider resistance, adjust silicon film solar batteries with control and make the voltage that the time spent drives electrochromic device, so need not external power source be the may command variable color.Yet, though this double-sided electrode structure can be integrated electrochromic device and solar cell, but the electric density (charge density) required owing to the inorganic variable color is quite big, need bigger voltage to drive variable color, the unavoidable thicker intrinsic layer (intrinsiclayer) of application that needs, improve photoelectric transformation efficiency, even use multilayer storehouse (tandem) to improve the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of silicon film solar batteries.So the transmittance of silicon film solar batteries just thereby reduce.In addition, because power supply, still has the iris effect generation by the electrode edge supply.
[summary of the invention]
The invention provides a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, have the effect that changes color equably, and have higher transmittance (transmittance).
The invention provides a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, this device comprises semitransparent thin film solar cell base, electrochromic solutions and transparent non-conductive base material, wherein, electrochromic solutions is between transparent non-conductive base material and semitransparent thin film solar cell base.The semitransparent thin film solar cell base comprises transparent base and a plurality of thin-film solar cells, and the positive pole of these thin-film solar cells and negative pole while are as the positive pole and the negative pole of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned solar photovoltaic electrochromic device also comprises the output switch configuration that is connected with each thin-film solar cells, is exported by the electric current that thin-film solar cells provides with control.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned thin-film solar cells can be in parallel or be connected serially to this output switch and disposes.
In another embodiment embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned output switch configuration also can be connected to DC/AC switching device, and the current conversion that thin-film solar cells is provided is civil power (alternating current) thus.In addition, above-mentioned output switch configuration also can be connected to the direct current charge storage device, to store the DC current that thin-film solar cells provides.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned thin-film solar cells for example is arranged or stripe-arrangement.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition of above-mentioned electrochromic solutions comprises oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material and solvent.Wherein, aforementioned oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material is selected from a kind of or and the combination in negative pole off-color material and the anodal off-color material.Wherein, for example methyl viologen (methyl viologen), ethyl purpurine (ethylviologen), phenyl purpurine (benzyl viologen) or propyl group purpurine (propyl viologen) etc. of negative pole off-color material; Anodal off-color material is dimethyl azophenlyene (dimethylphenazine) or phenylenediamine (phenylenediamine) etc. for example.
In one embodiment of the present invention, solvent in the above-mentioned electrochromic solutions is propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate), ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate), gamma-butyrolacton (γ-butyrolactone), acetonitrile (acetonitrile), tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran for example, THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) etc.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of above-mentioned electrochromic solutions also can comprise alkali metal salt (alkali metal salt), for example trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium (lithium triflate), lithium perchlorate (lithiumperchlorate), or tetraalkylammonium salt (tetra alkyl ammonium salt) etc.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of above-mentioned electrochromic solutions also can comprise polyelectrolyte, for example polyethylene oxide (polyethylene oxide), polypropyleneoxide (polypropyleneoxide) or polymethylmethacrylate (polymethylmetha acrylate).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the oxidation/reduction potential of above-mentioned electrochromic material is for example less than 3V.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned semitransparent thin film solar cell base comprises the thin-film solar cells base material of cladding plate (superstrate) or base plate (substrate) structure.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned thin-film solar cells comprises silicon film solar batteries, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells or cadmium tellurium (CdTe) thin-film solar cells.
In one embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned solar photovoltaic electrochromic device also comprise a plurality of thin film transistor (TFT)s (thin film transistor, TFT), in order to the ACTIVE CONTROL thin-film solar cells.
The present invention can make the device variable color even because of employing mode decentralized configuration thin-film solar cells with for example arranged or stripe-arrangement on a same substrate.In addition, the present invention is lower because of the required oxidation/reduction potential of electrochromic solutions, so the reduction of thin-film solar cells generated energy demand, thus can reduce the constituent material or the thickness of solar cell, and increase the transmittance of integral device.
For the above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and cooperate appended graphicly, be described in detail below.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the floor map of known iris effect.
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of known electrochromic device structure.
Fig. 3 A is the schematic top plan view according to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of B-B tangent plane among Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of Fig. 3 B solar photovoltaic electrochromic device.
Fig. 5 is electrochromism cyclic voltammetric (cyclic voltagram) curve map of electrochromic solutions.
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the used semitransparent thin film solar cell base of experimental example.
Fig. 7 is the schematic top plan view according to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic top plan view according to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device shown in the third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic top plan view according to the another kind distortion of a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device shown in the four embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is the schematic top plan view that the another kind of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of Fig. 9 is out of shape.
Figure 11 is solar photovoltaic electrochromic device and a kind of circuit diagram of exporting between the switch configuration of Fig. 9.
Figure 12 is the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of Fig. 9 and the circuit diagram between the configuration of another kind of output switch.
Figure 13 is the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of Fig. 9 and the circuit diagram of thin film transistor (TFT).
[main devices label declaration]
100,200,1100: electrochromic device
210: the electrically conducting transparent base material
220,420: electrochromic solutions
230: electrode
300,300a, 300b, 300c, 300d: positive pole
310,310a, 310b, 310c, 310d: negative pole
400,700,800: the semitransparent thin film solar cell base
402: transparent base
404: silicon film solar batteries
410: the transparent non-conductive base material
422:P type layer
424: intrinsic layer
426:N type layer
428: including transparent conducting oxide layer
430: metal level
500: sunshine
600: glass baseplate
602,610:ZnO:Al layer
604:p type layer
The 606:a-SiH layer
608:n type layer
The 612:Ag layer
802: Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells
The 804:CIGS absorption layer
806: cushion
900: the configuration of output switch
1102: thin-film solar cells
1104: DC/AC switching device
1106: switch
1108: civil power
1200: the direct current charge storage device
1300: thin film transistor (TFT)
[embodiment]
Fig. 3 A is the schematic top plan view of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device drawn according to first embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of B-B tangent plane among Fig. 3 A.
Please be simultaneously with reference to Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present embodiment is made up of semitransparent thin film solar cell base 400, transparent non-conductive base material 410 and electrochromic solutions 420.Electrochromic solutions 420 and is formed a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of single face conductive base between semitransparent thin film solar cell base 400 and transparent non-conductive base material 410.As shown in Figure 4, semitransparent thin film solar cell base 400 is the thin-film solar cells base material of a kind of cladding plate (superstrate) structure, comprise transparent base 402 and a plurality of silicon film solar batteries 404, wherein the material of transparent base 402 be for example glass, plastics or other suitable transparent flexible substrate.The material of transparent non-conductive base material 410 then for example is glass, plastics or flexible substrate.Form by for example positive pole 300, P type layer 422, intrinsic layer 424, N type layer 426 and negative pole 310 as for silicon film solar batteries 404.Wherein anodal 300 material for example transparent conductive oxide (transparentconductive oxide, TCO).310 at negative pole can comprise layer of transparent conductive oxide layer 428 and layer of metal layer 430, and the including transparent conducting oxide layer 428 of negative pole 310 directly contacts N type layer 426.
In the present embodiment, the composition of electrochromic solutions 420 for example has oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material and solvent, and forms a kind of solution.Wherein oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material for example is a kind of or and the combination that is selected from negative pole off-color material and the anodal off-color material.Aforementioned negative pole off-color material is methyl viologen, ethyl purpurine, phenyl purpurine or propyl group purpurine etc. for example; Anodal off-color material is dimethyl azophenlyene or phenylenediamine etc. for example, and its oxidation/reduction potential is all less than 3V.In addition, the composition of electrochromic solutions 420 also can comprise alkali metal salt, for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium perchlorate or tetraalkylammonium salt etc.In addition, in electrochromic solutions 420, also comprise the polyelectrolyte of suitable addition, to improve the viscosity of electrochromic solutions 420; For example polyethylene oxide, polypropyleneoxide or polymethylmethacrylate etc.Solvent in the electrochromic solutions 420 is for example propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or methyl pyrrolidone then.
Above-mentioned anodal 300 with the negative pole 310 not still positive pole of silicon film solar batteries 404 and negative pole, also simultaneously as the positive pole and the negative pole of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of present embodiment.As shown in Figure 4, it is the schematic perspective view of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of Fig. 3 B, when sunshine 500 entered solar photovoltaic electrochromic device by semitransparent thin film solar cell base 400 surfaces, thin-film solar cells (ask for an interview Fig. 4 404) produced electron-hole pair at once.The electric current that thin-film solar cells produced under generating state, be transported to 420 li of electrochromic solutions via anodal 300 with negative pole 310, make the electrochromic solutions 420 that is in the clear, colorless state originally that oxidation/reduction reaction take place, positive pole 300, negative pole 310 and the electrochromic solutions 420 of this moment are promptly formed electrochromic device.Behind the negative pole 310 places acquisition electronics that thin-film solar cells discharged, negative pole off-color material generation reduction reaction and variable color.And anodal off-color material obtains the hole that thin-film solar cells discharged and oxidation reaction and variable color takes place at anodal 300 places.
When sunlight intensity weakens, the electronics that thin-film solar cells produced, hole tail off gradually, the driving voltage of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device fades away, and promptly from there being the chromatic rendition attitude progressively to fade, and becomes the transparent colourless oxidation state that is again at the negative pole off-color material on negative pole 310 surfaces.Anodal off-color material on anodal 300 surfaces progressively fades from coloured oxidation state, and becomes also ortho states of clear, colorless.And because the electric current that thin-film solar cells produces is converted into ion flow in electrochromic solutions 420, therefore after the energising, though anodal 300, negative pole 310 contacts electrochromic solutions 420 simultaneously, does not have short circuit problem and take place.The oxidation/reduction reaction charge balance of both positive and negative polarity when reaching electrochromism, anodal 300 is approaching with the area ratio of negative pole 310.
In the present embodiment, electrochromic solutions 420 only needs the low-voltage low current can drive variable color.For instance, can earlier the 0.05 methyl viologen dichloride that restrains be dissolved in 5 ml pure waters, and fully stir to be made into evenly colourless electrochromic solutions.Above-mentioned methyl viologen dichloride is meant 1,1 '-dimethyl-4, and 4 '-dipyridine dichloride (1,1 '-dimethyl-4,4 '-bipyridinium dichloride), its structural formula is as follows:
Then, (indium tinoxide ITO) on the electro-conductive glass base material, covers and goes up another side indium tin oxide electro-conductive glass base material, forms electrochromic device this electrochromic solutions to be coated on area 2cm * 2cm indium tin oxide.The positive and negative electrode of this electrochromic device is received electrochemical analyser, by-1V carries out cyclic voltammetric to 3V, and (cyclic voltammogram CV) scans.It scans the result shown in Fig. 5 cyclic voltammetry curve figure ,+the 0.16V place just begins to produce reduction reaction.Oxidation/the reduction potential of general organic molecule is all quite low, is example with purpurine class negative pole off-color material, and electric density reaches 2mC/cm
2Foot is in producing tangible color contrast.
Please once again with reference to Fig. 3 B, because the oxidation/reduction potential of electrochromic solutions 420 is not high, and the required electric density of variable color is not high, therefore when the usefulness of thin-film solar cells 404 is enough to electrochromism takes place, can constitute negative pole 310 by including transparent conducting oxide layer 428 separately, and the thickness of intrinsic layer 424 can reduce, and the transmittance of whole solar photovoltaic electrochromic device is increased.
The below routine by experiment feasibility that confirms the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present embodiment.
Experimental example 1
Prepare clear glass substrate earlier.In addition with 0.05 the gram lithium perchlorate and 0.05 the gram methyl viologen (1,1 '-dimethyl-4,4 '-bipyridinium dichloride, 1,1 '-dimethyl-4,4 '-dipyridine dichloride) be dissolved in 5 ml pure waters, and stirring is made into the colourless electrochromic solutions of homogeneous transparent.This electrochromic solutions is coated on the above-mentioned clear glass substrate, is that the semitransparent thin film solar cell base of 15cm * 15cm fits in clear glass substrate with epoxide-resin glue again with area.Wherein employed is silicon film solar batteries, and silicon film solar batteries is arranged, and single matrix area is about 0.25cm
2And the thickness of above-mentioned epoxide-resin glue is about 0.5 centimetre, and is mixed with glass bead as separation material, makes two base materials produce certain spacing.
Wherein, used semitransparent thin film solar cell base can adopt sputtering method to form: growth layer of transparent conductive layer on the glass baseplate of 15cm * 15cm, carry out the continuous coating of silicon thin film more again on the transparent conducting glass layer with the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, at last deposit transparent conductive layer and metal coating on silicon membrane layer.With the 532nm pulse laser above-mentioned part silicon thin film coating is divested again, obtain rectangular silicon film solar batteries, wherein the negative pole square is the silicon thin film coating that area equals 0.5cm * 0.5cm, zone beyond the square is all positive pole, and be spaced apart 0.2cm between negative pole square and the negative pole square, total negative pole square number is 196.Its structure comprises as shown in Figure 6: area is 15 * 15cm
2Glass baseplate 600; As the ZnO:Al layer 602 of positive pole, its thickness is 10nm; P type layer 604, its thickness are 30nm; As the a-SiH layer 606 of intrinsic layer, its thickness is 450nm; N type layer 608, its thickness are 30nm; The Ag layer 612 that ZnO:Al layer 610 that 80nm is thick and 300nm are thick, both constitute negative pole.
The open-circuit voltage Voc of translucent thin film solar cell is 0.6V, and current density, J sc is 5mA/cm
2And Pmax is 0.5mW.Therefore, when the solar light irradiation solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, in 30 times in second, electrochromic solutions begins to produce variable color under negative pole, is become light bluely gradually by clear, colorless, becomes mazarine again.When sunshine stops irradiation, solar photovoltaic electrochromic device recovered to become Transparent color again in 15 seconds.
Experimental example 2
Prepare clear glass substrate earlier.In addition with 0.05 gram 5,10-dihydro-5, and 10-dimethyl azophenlyene (5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethyl phenazine) be dissolved in 5 milliliters of propylene carbonates (propylenecarbonate) solvent, and stirring is made into the colourless electrochromic solutions of homogeneous transparent.This electrochromic solutions is coated on the above-mentioned clear glass substrate, is that the semitransparent thin film solar cell base of 15cm * 15cm fits in clear glass substrate with epoxide-resin glue again with area.Wherein employed is the silicon film solar batteries that is arranged, and single matrix area is about 0.25cm
2, its structure is identical with embodiment 1.And the thickness of above-mentioned epoxide-resin glue is about 0.5 centimetre, and is mixed with glass bead as separation material, makes two base materials produce certain spacing.
The open-circuit voltage Voc of translucent thin film solar cell is 0.62V, and current density, J sc is 5.2mA/cm
2And Pmax is 0.55mW.Therefore, when the solar light irradiation solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, in 40 times in second, electrochromic solutions begins to produce variable color under positive pole, by transparent light yellow yellowing gradually, becomes green again.When sunshine stops irradiation, solar photovoltaic electrochromic device recovered to become transparent light yellow in 20 seconds again.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top plan view of implementing a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device shown in the embodiment according to the present invention second, wherein uses the label identical with first embodiment to represent identical parts.Please refer to Fig. 7, the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of second embodiment is made up of semitransparent thin film solar cell base 700, electrochromic solutions 420, transparent non-conductive base material 410.The thin-film solar cells base material that above-mentioned semitransparent thin film solar cell base 700 is a kind of base plate (substrate) structure (sunshine 500 is from 410 incidents of transparent non-conductive base material) comprises silicon film solar batteries 404 and transparent base 402.Form by negative pole 310, N type layer 426, intrinsic layer 424, P type layer 422 and anodal 300 as for silicon film solar batteries 404.Wherein anodal 300 material is for example transparent conductive oxide (TCO), and 310 at negative pole can comprise layer of transparent conductive oxide layer 428 and the metal level 430 between N type layer 426 and including transparent conducting oxide layer 428.Because semitransparent thin film solar cell base 700 belongs to the thin-film solar cells base material of base arrangement, so the variable color situation of electrochromic solutions 420 might influence the condition that silicon film solar batteries 404 produces electricity, therefore the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of second embodiment need can be applicable to the device of circulating variable color.
Fig. 8 is the schematic top plan view according to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device shown in the third embodiment of the invention, wherein uses the label identical with second embodiment to represent identical parts.Please refer to Fig. 8, the difference of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the 3rd embodiment and the second embodiment maximum is, semitransparent thin film solar cell base 800 comprises transparent base 402 and a plurality of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells 802, and wherein CIGS thin-film solar cells 802 is made up of for example positive pole 300, CIGS absorption layer (absorber layer) 804, cushion (buffer layer) 806 and negative pole 310.Wherein positive pole 300 is for example transparent conductive oxide (TCO) with the material of negative pole 310.In addition, cadmium tellurium (CdTe) thin-film solar cells is equally applicable to the thin-film solar cells of the 3rd embodiment.
Fig. 9 is the schematic top plan view according to a kind of solar photovoltaic electrochromic device shown in the four embodiment of the invention.Please refer to Fig. 9, the semitransparent thin film solar cell base of the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present embodiment in above-mentioned each embodiment (as Fig. 4 400, Fig. 7 700, Fig. 8 800), electrochromic solutions (as Fig. 4 420) and the transparent non-conductive base material (as Fig. 4 410), also comprise with thin-film solar cells (as Fig. 4 404, Fig. 8 802 etc.) the output switch configuration 900 that is connected, anodal 300 control the electric current output of thin-film solar cells 404 by connecting it with negative pole 310.Member in the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of relevant the present embodiment can be described with reference to top embodiment, so repeat no more.
And shown in Figure 9 be the form that connects with parallel way, wherein the positive pole 300 of thin-film solar cells is the continuous film that connects output switch configuration 900, and positive pole 300 is connected respectively to output switch configuration 900 with negative pole 310a, the 310b, 310c and the 310d that are stripe-arrangement.
The connected mode of relevant output switch configuration 900 is except that the parallel way of Fig. 9, also can take series system as shown in figure 10, discontinuous anodal 300b, 300c and 300d are connected with negative pole 310a, 310b, the 310c of another thin-film solar cells, more anodal 300a and negative pole 310d are connected to output switch configuration 900.
Above-mentioned output switch configuration 900 can be adopted various prior aries.For instance, Figure 11 and Figure 12 circuit diagram between the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of displayed map 9 disposes with different output switch respectively.
Please refer to Figure 11, electrochromic device in the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of 1100 representative graphs 9 (or Figure 10), itself and thin-film solar cells 1102 are connected to DC/AC switching device (DC/AC inverter) 1104, when switch 1106 connects, the electric current that is provided by thin-film solar cells 1102 can be converted to civil power 1108 (being alternating current), supplies general ac electric apparatus and uses.
In addition, please refer to Figure 12, electrochromic device 1100 also can be selected to be connected to direct current charge storage device 1200 (electrical storage device) with thin-film solar cells 1102, uses to store the direct current that thin-film solar cells 1102 provides, and supplies general dc electric apparatus and uses.When switch 1106 connected, electrochromic device 1100 will deepening.
In addition, the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of Fig. 9 (or Figure 10) more can cooperate utilization thin film transistor (TFT) (thin film transistor, TFT) technology, configuration thin film transistor (TFT) 1300 on the semitransparent thin film solar cell base, its circuit diagram as shown in figure 13, with ACTIVE CONTROL thin-film solar cells 1102, whether use 1100 variable colors of control electrochromic device.
In sum, the present invention comprises following characteristics at least:
1. the electric current that solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present invention produced can be converted into ion flow in electrochromic solutions, therefore after the energising, though positive and negative electrode contacts simultaneously, does not have short circuit problem.
2. because the electrode in the solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present invention is not as traditional electrochromic device, power supply is by the electrode edge supply, and can on average intersperse among in whole the semitransparent thin film solar cell base according to required, therefore can form uniform electric field, allow electrochromic solutions identical variable color degree be arranged, avoid the generation of iris effect in zones of different.
3. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present invention since oxidation/its oxidation/reduction potential of reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material of selecting for use less than 1.5V, the characteristic that tool low-voltage low current can drive.Therefore intrinsic layer's thickness of thin-film solar cells can reduce, and separately by including transparent conducting oxide layer as negative pole, to increase the light transmittance of device, enlarge the range of application of this device, more can reduce the manufacturing cost of device.
4. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device of the present invention also can comprise the configuration of output switch, and connect by its and to comprise DC/AC switching device and direct current charge storage device, with electric current supply ac electric apparatus and the dc electric apparatus that utilizes device to produce, for shortage of energy sources situation now increases a kind of source of electric power.
Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; any person of an ordinary skill in the technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; can do some and change and improvement, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims institute restricted portion.
Claims (19)
1. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, it comprises:
The transparent non-conductive base material;
The semitransparent thin film solar cell base, described semitransparent thin film solar cell base comprises transparent base and a plurality of thin-film solar cells, and the positive pole of wherein said a plurality of thin-film solar cells and negative electrode while are as the positive pole and the negative pole of described solar photovoltaic electrochromic device; And
Electrochromic solutions, described electrochromic solutions is between described transparent non-conductive base material and described semitransparent thin film solar cell base.
2. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 also comprises the output switch configuration that is connected with described a plurality of thin-film solar cells, is exported by the electric current that described a plurality of thin-film solar cells provide with control.
3. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 2, wherein said a plurality of thin-film solar cells comprise parallel connection or are connected serially to described output switch configuration.
4. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 2, the configuration of wherein said output switch also comprise and are connected to DC/AC switching device, are civil power so as to the current conversion that described a plurality of thin-film solar cells are provided.
5. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 2, the configuration of wherein said output switch also comprise and are connected to the direct current charge storage device, so as to storing the DC current that described a plurality of thin-film solar cells provides.
6. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said a plurality of thin-film solar cells comprise and are arranged or are stripe-arrangement.
7. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2, the composition of wherein said electrochromic solutions comprise oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material and solvent.
8. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein said oxidation/reduced form organic molecule electrochromic material are selected from a kind of or and the combination in negative pole off-color material and the anodal off-color material.
9. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 8, wherein said negative pole off-color material comprises methyl viologen, ethyl purpurine, phenyl purpurine or propyl group purpurine.
10. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 8, wherein said anodal off-color material comprises dimethyl azophenlyene or phenylenediamine.
11. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein said solvent comprises propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or methyl pyrrolidone.
12. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 7, the composition of wherein said electrochromic solutions also comprises alkali metal salt.
13. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 12, wherein said alkali metal salt comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium, lithium perchlorate or tetraalkylammonium salt.
14. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 7, the composition of wherein said electrochromic solutions also comprises polyelectrolyte.
15. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said polyelectrolyte comprises poly-oxirene, polypropyleneoxide or polymethylmethacrylate.
16. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2, the oxidation/reduction potential of wherein said electrochromic solutions is less than 3V.
17. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said semitransparent thin film solar cell base comprises the thin-film solar cells base material of cladding plate or base arrangement.
18. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said a plurality of thin-film solar cells comprise silicon film solar batteries, copper-indium-galliun-selenium film solar cell or cadmium tellurium thin films solar cell.
19. solar photovoltaic electrochromic device according to claim 1 and 2 wherein also comprises a plurality of thin film transistor (TFT)s, in order to the described a plurality of thin-film solar cells of ACTIVE CONTROL.
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