CN102033380B - Multi-color solar photovoltaic electrochromic device - Google Patents
Multi-color solar photovoltaic electrochromic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102033380B CN102033380B CN 200910179205 CN200910179205A CN102033380B CN 102033380 B CN102033380 B CN 102033380B CN 200910179205 CN200910179205 CN 200910179205 CN 200910179205 A CN200910179205 A CN 200910179205A CN 102033380 B CN102033380 B CN 102033380B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-color solar photovoltaic electrochromic device, comprising a first transparent base plate, a second transparent base plate opposite to the first transparent base plate, a photo-electrochromic element located on the first transparent base plate, and an allochroic element located between the first and second transparent base plates. The photo-electrochromic element comprises thin-film solar batteries and electrochromic materials on the thin-film solar batteries. Different potential differences exist between the thin-film solar batteries, and each thin-film solar battery comprises an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode of each thin-film solar battery act as the anode and the cathode of the photo-electrochromic element. The allochroic element comprises two electrodes and allochroic materials thereon, wherein the cathodes of the thin-film solar batteries with different potential differences are respectively connected to the first and second electrodes of the allochroic element.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of solar photoelectric electrochromic device (photovoltaicselectrochromics apparatus), and be (multicolor) solar photoelectric electrochromic device relevant for a kind of polychrome particularly.
Background technology
So-called electrochromism or electrochromics element are a kind ofly to be formed, can be caused that reversible oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction produces the element of change color by applying electric field or electric current by conductive materials.The making of electrochromics element need be satisfied following a few specific character, comprising: the color that presents under the different potentials must be able to be easy to differentiate, and the variation of color fast and evenly, the reversible variation of element color should be able to repeat more than up to ten thousand times, and stability is high.Common electrochromics element comprises solid-state version surface-limited film-type (surfaceconfined thin film) electrochromics element and solution-type electrochromics element.
The structure of surface-limited film-type electrochromics element adds that by upper and lower two-layer transparent base electrochromics multilayer film is therebetween formed.Wherein the structure of the similar battery of electrochromics multilayer film contains being coated with/coating of five layers of difference in functionality at least, for example is sequentially the multilayer film of transparency conducting layer, electrochromics layer, dielectric substrate, ion storage layer and transparency conducting layer.Structure as for solution-type electrochromics element then is comprised of upper and lower two electrically conducting transparent base materials, by adhesive agent, with the relative mode of the electrode layer two sides base material of fitting, configures electrochromics organic solution therebetween.In addition, it is to utilize the pixel electrode of thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) as the common electrode of electrochromics element that research is also arranged, such as No. the 7312914th, United States Patent (USP).Yet said structure need additionally provide energy.
Compared to history longer " electrochromism (electrochromics) ", " Photoelectrochromic (photovoltaics electrochromics) " technology be light requirement according to and do not need to provide in addition energy just can make the effect of electrochromics layer, have more for energy-saving effect.
Therefore, for expanding the range of application of electrochromics technology, existing multinomial correlative study in conjunction with photoelectric technology and solar cell provides more diversified direction.Photoelectricity architecture-integral (buildingintegrated photovoltaic for example, BIPV) can cooperate the electrochromics technology, need not additionally providing under the situation of power supply, change according to the indoor and outdoor intensity of illumination, automatically adjust the depth of electrochromics window color, reduce indoor heat.Because the new line of awareness of saving energy, this application process has become a kind of new trend.
And present development priority is divided into two megatrend, and one of them is the integrated type optical electrochromism, mainly is with the inorganic film-plating process of multilayer, and the electrochromics layer stack on thin-film solar cells coating, is formed the structure of a series connection, such as No. the 5377037th, United States Patent (USP).But because inorganic electrochromics material intrinsic propesties's need high driving voltage and high charge density, therefore, the comparison of light and shade of this element is relatively low, is difficult for being generalized to the application of smart window.
Another trend is as generating source, such as No. the 6369934th, United States Patent (USP) with DSSC.Yet this typical structure still has problems to need to be resolved hurrily for the actual development application facet, similarly is the stability of light-sensitive layer or the feasibility of element large tracts of land.
In addition, present existing multi-media display in conjunction with electrochromics layer and solar cell is such as No. the 7205473rd, United States Patent (USP).But this display is electrochromics element and solar cell to be separated make and minute in zones of different, so be unfavorable for the trend of element large tracts of land.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of polychrome is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it can be in the structure of an element, see through thin-film solar cells and luminous energy is transferred to the electric energy that provides variable color required, and by the potential difference (PD) (potential difference) between thin-film solar cells, reaching polychrome is the effect of variable color.
It is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device that the present invention proposes a kind of polychrome, comprises one first transparency carrier, relative one second transparency carrier, at least one Photoelectrochromic element on the first transparency carrier and at least one variable color element between first and second transparency carrier.Above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element comprises several thin-film solar cells and at least a electrochromics material, and wherein the electrochromics material is to be positioned on the thin-film solar cells.Has different potential difference (PD) between the described thin-film solar cells, and each thin-film solar cells comprises one first positive pole, a photoelectric conversion layer and one first negative pole, and wherein first of each thin-film solar cells the positive pole and the first negative pole are played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of described Photoelectrochromic element simultaneously.Then comprise one first electrode and one second electrode as for the variable color element, add at least a off-color material that is positioned on the first electrode and the second electrode, the first negative pole that wherein has those thin-film solar cells of different potential difference (PD) is connected to respectively the first electrode and second electrode of variable color element.
In one embodiment of this invention, have being one another in series of potential difference (PD) in the said film solar cell.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned the first electrode and the second electrode can all be positioned on the first transparency carrier, all be positioned on the second transparency carrier; Perhaps lay respectively on the second transparency carrier and the first transparency carrier.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned the first electrode comprises different pattern structures from the second electrode.
In one embodiment of this invention, the said film solar cell comprises that being matrix arranges or be stripe-arrangement.
In one embodiment of this invention, the described off-color material of above-mentioned electrochromics material or variable color element comprises the aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution between first and second transparency carrier, and its composition comprises oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromics material.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned composition aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution also comprises liquid electrolyte, for example comprises the liquid electrolyte of alkali metal salt and solvent.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned electrochromics material or the described off-color material of variable color element comprise the electrochromics film that deposition forms, and its composition comprises the high molecular polymer that is formed by aniline monomer, dioxoethyl thiophene monomer or purpurine monomer polymerization; Perhaps Prussian blue.In addition, described electrochromics film also can be transition metal oxide.
In one embodiment of this invention, when adopting the electrochromics film, above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element or above-mentioned variable color element also comprise and the contacted colloidal state of electrochromics film or solid electrolyte.
In one embodiment of this invention, the off-color material of above-mentioned variable color element comprises thermochromatic material, such as vanadium dioxide (VO
2) etc.
In one embodiment of this invention, the said film solar cell comprises silicon film solar batteries, copper-indium-galliun-selenium film solar cell or cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned the first transparency carrier or the second transparency carrier comprise glass, plastics or flexible substrate.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned polychrome is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, also comprises a plurality of passivation layers, is arranged at respectively the sidewall of each photoelectric conversion layer in the thin-film solar cells.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned polychrome is that the solar photoelectric electrochromic device also can comprise a reflection plated film, is arranged at the surface of the second transparency carrier.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned polychrome is that the solar photoelectric electrochromic device also comprises output switch configuration and a DC/AC switching device.The configuration of described output switch links to each other with thin-film solar cells, and DC/AC switching device then configures with output switch and links to each other, take current conversion that thin-film solar cells is provided as civil power.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned polychrome is that the Photoelectrochromic device also comprises thin film transistor (TFT), is connected respectively to first anodal and the first negative pole of each thin-film solar cells, in order to control separately the switch of each thin-film solar cells and external circuits.
Based on above-mentioned, polychrome of the present invention is that the conception of solar photoelectric electrochromic device is designed to utilize thin-film solar cells to drive electrochromics material solid-state or gluey in the described Photoelectrochromic element, and makes the positive and negative electrode of thin-film solar cells play the part of simultaneously positive pole and the negative pole of Photoelectrochromic element.Simultaneously, design between the negative pole of different thin-film solar cells and negative pole and produce potential difference (PD), and drive off-color material in the described variable color element by the potential difference (PD) between thin-film solar cells.Therefore, when being subject to solar radiation, thin-film solar cells can directly provide electric current, allows electrochromics material and simultaneously variable color of thermochromatic material in Photoelectrochromic element and the variable color element, and forming polychrome is photoelectricity electrochromics element.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is that a kind of polychrome according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Figure 1B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the B-B line segment of Figure 1A;
Fig. 2 A is that a kind of polychrome according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 2 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the B-B line segment of Fig. 2 A;
Fig. 3 is that the polychrome of the second embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of packaged type of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 4 is that a kind of polychrome according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 5 is that a kind of polychrome according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 6 is that a kind of polychrome according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 7 A is that a kind of polychrome according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 7 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the B-B line segment of Fig. 7 A;
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the variation of the 6th embodiment;
Fig. 9 A is that a kind of polychrome according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device;
Fig. 9 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the B-B line segment of Fig. 9 A;
Fig. 9 C is the schematic diagram of a kind of variation of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 10 is the cyclic voltammogram of TMPD and HV positive and negative electrode organic molecule electrochromics material;
Figure 11 is the abosrption spectrogram of TMPD and HV positive and negative electrode organic molecule electrochromics material;
Figure 12 is the current-responsive figure of TMPD and HV positive and negative electrode organic molecule electrochromics material;
Figure 13 is the design diagram of experiment two;
Figure 14 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of silicon film solar batteries;
Figure 15 is the IV curve map of the light transfer characteristic of silicon film solar batteries;
Figure 16 is that polychrome of the present invention is the electrochromics element of solar photoelectric electrochromic device and the circuit diagram between the configuration of a kind of output switch;
Figure 17 is that polychrome of the present invention is the electrochromics element of solar photoelectric electrochromic device and the circuit diagram of thin film transistor (TFT).
Wherein, accompanying drawing sign:
100,200,400,500,600,700,900: polychrome is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device
102,902: the first transparency carriers
104,904: the second transparency carriers
106,204,906: Photoelectrochromic element
108,202,402,502,908: the variable color element
110a, 110b, 602a, 602b, 702: thin-film solar cells
112,206: the electrochromics material
114a, 114b, 704,910a, 910b: the first positive pole
116a, 116b, 706: photoelectric conversion layer
118a, 118b, 708,912a, 912b: the first negative pole
120,916: the second electrodes
122,914: the first electrodes
124,208,210,918,920: off-color material
126: the reflection plated film
212,922: colloidal state or solid electrolyte
710: passivation layer
802a, 802b: electrochromics film
924: aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution
1300: glass substrate
1302a, 1302b: silicon film solar batteries
1304: positive pole
1306: negative pole
1308: strip conductor
1310a, 1310b: electro-conductive glass
1312: contain the TMPD-HV electro Chromotropic solution
1314: electrochemical cell
1600: DC/AC switching device
1602: civil power
1700: thin film transistor (TFT)
Embodiment
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, embodiment cited below particularly, and cooperate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Figure 1A and Figure 1B are that a kind of polychrome according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of upward view and the B-B line segment of solar photoelectric electrochromic device.
Please be simultaneously with reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the polychrome of the present embodiment be solar photoelectric electrochromic device 100 comprise at least one first transparency carrier 102, with respect to one second transparency carrier 104 of the first transparency carrier 102, at least one Photoelectrochromic element 106 on the first transparency carrier 102 and the variable color element 108 between the first and second transparency carriers 102 and 104.Above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element 106 comprises several thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b and at least a electrochromics material 112, and wherein electrochromics material 112 is to be positioned on thin-film solar cells 110a and the 110b.Have different potential difference (PD) between described thin-film solar cells 110a and the 110b, and thin-film solar cells 110a comprises one first anodal 114a, a photoelectric conversion layer 116a and one first negative pole 118a; Thin-film solar cells 110b comprises one first anodal 114b, a photoelectric conversion layer 116b and one first negative pole 118b.Wherein the first anodal 114a of each thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b and 114b and the first negative pole 118a and 118b play the part of positive pole and the negative pole of described Photoelectrochromic element 106 simultaneously.In addition, variable color element 108 comprises one first electrode 122 and one second electrode 120, adds at least a off-color material 124 that is positioned on the second electrode 120 and the first electrode 122.Downward arrow represents the direction of light irradiation among the figure.
Please continue with reference to Figure 1B, in the first embodiment, above-mentioned electrochromics material 112 and off-color material 124 can be identical or different aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solutions, and its composition for example is oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromics material.And described oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromics material for example is to be selected to comprise a kind of material or its combination of selecting among the material group that negative pole off-color material and anodal off-color material form.For instance, for example methyl viologen (methyl viologen), ethyl purpurine (ethyl viologen), phenyl purpurine (benzyl viologen) or propyl group purpurine (propylviologen) of negative pole off-color material; And anodal off-color material for example dimethyl azophenlyene (dimethylphenazine) or phenylenediamine (phenylene diamine) or N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, TMPD) etc.
In addition, above-mentioned composition aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution also can comprise liquid electrolyte.For example, the liquid electrolyte that comprises alkali metal salt and solvent, wherein for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (lithium triflate), lithium perchlorate (lithium perchlorate) or tetraalkylammonium salt (tetraalkyl ammonium salt) of alkali metal salt; Solvent is propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate), ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate), gamma-butyrolacton (γ-butyrolactone), acetonitrile (acetonitrile), tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran for example then, THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP).As for the first transparency carrier 102 or the second transparency carrier 104, for example glass, plastics or flexible substrate.And also can form one deck reflection plated film 126 on the surface of the second transparency carrier 104, to form minute surface, wherein reflect a for example silver-plated or film of aluminizing of plated film 126.
In Figure 1B, thin-film solar cells 110a and the first negative pole 118a of 110b and the first electrode 122 and the second electrode 120 that 118b is connected to respectively variable color element 108 with different potential difference (PD), can make polychrome is that solar photoelectric electrochromic device 100 produces at least two kinds of colors.Because when being subject to solar radiation, thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b can directly provide electric current, allow electrochromics material 112 and off-color material 124 simultaneously variable colors in Photoelectrochromic element 106 and the variable color element 108.
Above-mentioned the second electrode 120 and the first electrode 122 can exchange by both positive and negative polarity in response to the potential difference (PD) of thin-film solar cells 110a, 110b.For instance, suppose that thin-film solar cells 110a has the potential difference (PD) (Δ V) of 1V, the potential difference (PD) that thin-film solar cells 110b has 2V, then because the first anodal 114a of thin-film solar cells 110a and the first anodal 114b equipotential (ground connection) of thin-film solar cells 110b, thus the first negative pole 118a current potential of thin-film solar cells 110a be-the first negative pole 118b current potential of 1V, thin-film solar cells 110b is-2V.Therefore, the first electrode 122 that links to each other with the first negative pole 118a is anodal, and the second electrode 120 that links to each other with the first negative pole 118b is negative poles.In like manner, if the potential difference (PD) of thin-film solar cells 110a greater than the potential difference (PD) of thin-film solar cells 110b, then the second electrode 120 is that anodal, the first electrode 122 is negative pole.In addition, when thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b are light-permeable type thin-film solar cells (see through type thin film photovoltaic), general anode all can be silver-plated, and the present invention then can remove this silver coating, to increase the penetrability of element integral body.
Because the employed electrochromics material of the first embodiment 112 is low with the driving voltage of off-color material 124, so intrinsic layer's thickness of thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b can reduce, and the increase polychrome is the penetration of solar photoelectric electrochromic device 100.And, be that the structure of solar photoelectric electrochromic device 100 be it seems by whole polychrome, because the second electrode 120 of variable color element 108 and the first electrode 122 can be transparent conductive oxide (TCO), to help to increase the transparent area that polychrome is solar photoelectric electrochromic device 100, and improve the integral light-transmitting degree.
Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B are that a kind of polychrome according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of upward view and the B-B line segment of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, wherein use the component symbol identical with the first embodiment to represent same or similar member.
Please be simultaneously with reference to Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B, the polychrome of the present embodiment be solar photoelectric electrochromic device 200 comprise at least the first transparency carrier 102, the second transparency carrier 104, at least one Photoelectrochromic element 204 on the first transparency carrier 102 and the variable color element 202 between the first and second transparency carriers 102 and 104.Above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element 204 comprises several thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b and at least a electrochromics material 206.Thin-film solar cells 110a and 110b be except being to be the stripe-arrangement as Fig. 2 A, also can design to be matrix and to arrange.Comprise the second electrode 120, the first electrode 122 and several off- color materials 210 and 208 as for 202 of variable color elements.Owing to from the first electrode 122 different off- color material 210 and 208 being set at the second electrode 120, so the first negative pole 118a and 118b are connected to respectively the first electrode 122 and second electrode 120 of variable color element 202, can make polychrome is that solar photoelectric electrochromic device 200 produces two kinds of colors at least.
Please continue the B with reference to Fig. 2, in a second embodiment, electrochromics material 206 and off-color material 208 and 210 can be the electrochromics films that identical or different deposition forms, and its composition comprises the high molecular polymer that is formed by aniline monomer, dioxoethyl thiophene (EDOT) monomer or purpurine (Viologen) monomer polymerization; Perhaps Prussian blue (Prussian Blue).In addition, described electrochromics film can be transition metal oxide also, as is selected from and comprises WO
3, MoO
3, V
2O
5, Nb
2O
5, NiO, SnO, Fe
2O
3, CoO, Ir
2O
3, Rh
2O
3And MnO
2The transition metal oxide group who forms.In addition, use in the present embodiment two kinds of off-color materials 208 and 210, so variable color element 202 can produce two kinds of variable color colors basically, certainly also can use the same off-color material and only produce same variable color color.Above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element 204 and/or be that variable color element 202 also comprises colloidal state or solid electrolyte 212.For instance, colloidal state or solid electrolyte 212 comprise alkali metal salt, macromolecular material and solvent, wherein for example trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium perchlorate or tetraalkylammonium salt of alkali metal salt; Solvent is for example propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) then; Macromolecular material such as Pluronic F-127 (polyethylene oxide), polypropyleneoxide (polypropylene oxide), polyvinyl butyral (Poly Vinyl Butyral, PVB) or polymethylmethacrylate (polymethylmethacrylate).
In addition, if select solid electrolyte 212, the solid electrolyte 212 of making film can be clipped between the first transparency carrier 102 and the second transparency carrier 104, such as Fig. 3.Then, utilize the machine such as superposing machine (laminator) or autoclave (autoclave) and so on, with the first transparency carrier 102, solid electrolyte 212 and 104 pressings of the second transparency carrier, to carry out the encapsulation that polychrome is solar photoelectric electrochromic device 200.And also can form one deck reflection plated film 126 on the surface of the second transparency carrier 104, to form minute surface, wherein reflect a for example silver-plated or film of aluminizing of plated film.
In addition, the off-color material 208 among Fig. 2 B and 210 can also be thermochromatic material, such as vanadium dioxide (VO
2)Deng.Therefore, do not need electrolyte, just can have the thin-film solar cells 110a of different potential difference (PD) and the first negative pole 118a and 118b of 110b by connecting respectively, above-mentionedly be formed at thermochromatic material on the first electrode 122 and the second electrode 120 because of the variable color of current potential bad student heat and make.
Fig. 4 is that a kind of polychrome according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, wherein uses the component symbol identical with the first embodiment to represent same or similar member.
Please refer to Fig. 4, the polychrome of the present embodiment is that the difference of solar photoelectric electrochromic device 400 and the first embodiment is: the second electrode 120 of variable color element 402 and the first electrode 122 lay respectively on the second transparency carrier 104 and the first transparency carrier 102.So, can make variable color element 402 become complementary type electrochromics element (complementary electrochromic device).
In addition, first and second electrode of variable color element can also be positioned on the second transparency carrier 104, and links to each other with Photoelectrochromic element by the setting of wire.
Fig. 5 is that a kind of polychrome according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, wherein uses the component symbol identical with the second embodiment to represent same or similar member.
Please refer to Fig. 5, the polychrome of the present embodiment is that the difference of solar photoelectric electrochromic device 500 and the second embodiment is: the second electrode 120 of variable color element 502 and the first electrode 122 lay respectively on the second transparency carrier 104 and the first transparency carrier 102.So, can make variable color element 502 become complementary type electrochromics element.
Fig. 6 is that a kind of polychrome according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, wherein uses the component symbol identical with the second embodiment to represent same or similar member, simultaneously the clipped member.Please refer to Fig. 6, the polychrome of the present embodiment is that solar photoelectric electrochromic device 600 mainly is to have different potential difference (PD) thin-film solar cells in order to design, so Photoelectrochromic element 204 can be divided into (1) by the structure of two thin-film solar cells 602a and 602b and (2) single thin-film solar cells 110a of series connection.The position of all the other members and example please refer to the second embodiment.Certainly, Photoelectrochromic element 204 designs of Fig. 6 also may be used on above-mentioned other embodiment, therefore repeat no more.
Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B are respectively that a kind of polychrome according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is the diagrammatic cross-section of upward view and the B-B line segment of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, wherein use the component symbol identical with the first embodiment to represent same or similar member, simultaneously the clipped member.
Please refer to Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, the polychrome of the present embodiment be solar photoelectric electrochromic device 700 be the same with a upper embodiment be to have different potential difference (PD) thin-film solar cells in order to design, and 8 thin-film solar cells 702 that Photoelectrochromic element 106 is divided into 10 thin-film solar cells 702 with series connection and has series connection, each thin-film solar cells 702 comprises the first positive pole 704, a photoelectric conversion layer 706 and the first negative pole 708.Because the quantity of thin-film solar cells 702 is different, so it is poor to make upper and lower two Photoelectrochromic elements 106 that are connected to the second electrode 120 and the first electrode 122 have a different potentials.In addition; can be to add a plurality of passivation layers 710 in the solar photoelectric electrochromic device 700 at polychrome also; be arranged at respectively the sidewall of each photoelectric conversion layer 706 in the thin-film solar cells 702, not destroyed by the electrochromics material 112 of aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution in order to protect photoelectric conversion layer 706.
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the variation of the 6th embodiment, wherein uses the component symbol identical with the 6th embodiment to represent same or similar member, simultaneously the clipped member.
Please refer to Fig. 8, the difference of itself and the 6th embodiment is that electrochromics material wherein is to adopt the electrochromics film 802a that is deposited on respectively the first positive pole 704 and the electrochromics film 802b that is deposited on the first negative pole 708.And, but the packaged type of application drawing 3, the solid electrolyte 212 of making film is clipped between the first transparency carrier 102 and the second transparency carrier 104, the machine of recycling as coincide machine or autoclave and so on is with the first transparency carrier 102, solid electrolyte 212 and 104 pressings of the second transparency carrier.
Fig. 9 A is that a kind of polychrome according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is the upward view of solar photoelectric electrochromic device, and Fig. 9 B is the diagrammatic cross-section of the B-B line segment of Fig. 9 A.
Please refer to Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B, the polychrome of the present embodiment is that solar photoelectric electrochromic device 900 can be used as the display use, comprising the first transparency carrier 902, with respect to one second transparency carrier 904 of the first transparency carrier 902, at least one Photoelectrochromic element 906 on the first transparency carrier 902 and the variable color element 908 between the first and second transparency carriers 902 and 904.Above-mentioned Photoelectrochromic element 906 comprise several thin-film solar cells (such as 110a and the 110b of the second embodiment) and an electrochromics material (as the second embodiment 206).Thin-film solar cells with different potential difference (PD) comprises one first anodal 910a and 910b, a photoelectric conversion layer (not illustrating) and one first negative pole 912a and 912b.908 of variable color elements comprise one first electrode 914, one second electrode 916 and one first off-color material 918 and one second off-color material 920 that lay respectively on the first electrode 914 and the second electrode 916.The first electrode 914 and the second electrode 916 of the 7th embodiment are connected to respectively the first negative pole 912b and 912a.Because the first electrode 914 has different pattern structures from the second electrode 916, therefore when polychrome be that solar photoelectric electrochromic device 900 is when being subject to solar radiation, thin-film solar cells can directly provide electric current, allows electrochromics material and the first off-color material 918 and 920 variable colors of the second off-color material in Photoelectrochromic element 906 and the variable color element 908.In addition, variable color element 908 can also have colloidal state or solid electrolyte 922 between the first transparency carrier 902 and the second transparency carrier 904.The material of above-mentioned each member can be described with reference to the second embodiment.
Fig. 9 C is the schematic diagram of a kind of variation of the 7th embodiment, uses with the similar aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution 924 of the first embodiment to replace the first off-color material 918, the second off-color material 920 and colloidal state or solid electrolyte 922 in this figure.
Be in the solar photoelectric electrochromic device at polychrome of the present invention, thin-film solar cells for example is silicon film solar batteries, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells or cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar cells.
Below enumerate several experiments and confirm effect of the present invention, and be as example take the silicon film solar batteries module in following experiment.
Experiment one
With anodal off-color material N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and heptyl purpurine (HV) positive and negative electrode organic molecule electrochromics material, prepare respectively 0.1M according to its molecular weight, be dissolved in carbonic allyl ester (propylene carbonate) solvent, add again LiClO
40.1M, and stirring is made into the colourless electro Chromotropic solution of homogeneous transparent.Above electro Chromotropic solution is carried out cyclic voltammetric (cyclicvoltammograms, C-V) figure scan, scanning speed is 100mV/s, and the scope of scanning is 0V～1.6V, obtains the curve of Figure 10.First oxidation peak that Figure 10 is presented at 0.8V is the heat-tinting peak of TMPD, and second is the oxidation peak of HV, and reduction equally is that then HV gets back to first the reduction peak that 0.4V is exactly TMPD.The minimum painted current potential of operation just has painted effect at about 0.6V, and the UV-Vis (visible light) of the Figure 11 that can arrange in pairs or groups absorbs and observes.By can seeing among Figure 11, the current potential of reaction just has obvious coloring phenomenon greater than a little painted just arranged in the 0.4V greater than 0.6V, and two characteristic absorption peaks are by TMPD and the common contribution of HV.Operation is greater than in the 0.8V, and the absorption of color does not just present linear increase, is than better suited operation current potential so operate under the 0.8V.In the part of current-responsive, be controlled under the operation current potential of 0～0.6V, the time of reaction can finish within one second, as shown in figure 12.
Experiment two
Be to be on the glass substrate 1300 of 5cm * 5cm that matrix is arranged shape and single area is about 0.25cm with area
2Silicon film solar batteries 1302a and positive pole 1304 ground connection of wherein two single matrixes of 1302b, as shown in figure 13.The negative pole 1306 of the silicon film solar batteries of above two single matrixes is designed to the above potential difference (PD) of at least 0.6 volt of tool (Volts).Wherein, the open-circuit voltage Voc of the silicon film solar batteries 1302a of first single matrix is about 0.93V, and current density, J sc is 12.3mA/cm
2, it is that 2.1mW and efficient are about 8.4% that FF is about 73.03%, Pmax, and the Voc of the silicon film solar batteries 1302b of second single matrix is about 1.57V, and current density, J sc is 7.12mA/cm
2, it is that 1.66mW and efficient are about 6.6% that FF is about 59.16%, Pmax.The light transfer characteristic of above silicon film solar batteries 1302a and 1302b is shown in the IV curve of Figure 14 and Figure 15.
One end of recycling strip (ribbon) wire 1308 distinctly is welded on negative pole 1306, and the other end of strip (ribbon) wire 1308 is distinctly contacted with 1310b for the electro-conductive glass 1310a of 1cm * 1cm with two areas.Again above two electro-conductive glass 1310a and 1310b are immersed in 1314 li of electrochemical cells that contain TMPD-HV electro Chromotropic solution 1312, as shown in figure 13.When the above-mentioned silicon film solar batteries 1302a of solar light irradiation and 1302b, within 5 minutes time, produce TMPD positive pole variable color and produce the variable color of HV negative pole at the electro-conductive glass 1310b place of negative pole at the electro-conductive glass 1310a place of positive pole.
Experiment three
Be on the first glass baseplate of 5cm * 5cm with area, be that matrix is arranged shape and single area is about 0.25cm
2The wherein plus earth of two single matrixes of silicon film solar batteries, the negative pole of the silicon film solar batteries of above two single matrixes also is designed at least potential difference (PD) of 0.6Volts of tool.Wherein employed is that silicon film solar batteries is matrix to arrange the open-circuit voltage Voc of the silicon film solar batteries of first single matrix be 0.93V, and current density, J sc is 12.29mA/cm
2, FF is that 73.03%, Pmax is 2.1mW, and the Voc of second single matrix silicon film solar batteries is 1.57V, and current density, J sc is 7.23mA/cm
2, FF is that 59.08%, Pmax is that 1.68mW and efficient are 6.7%.
Recycling strip (ribbon) wire distinctly is welded on the negative pole of silicon film solar batteries of the first and second matrixes of above tool potential difference (PD), and the other end of strip (ribbon) wire is distinctly contacted for the electro-conductive glass of 1cm * 1cm with two areas.The TMPD-HV of colloidal state shape is coated on the second clear glass substrate that area is 10cm * 10cm, the first glass baseplate silicon film solar batteries of above tool potential difference (PD) is covered on the second clear glass substrate form Photoelectrochromic element again.Electro-conductive glass with above two 1cm * 1cm distinctly covers formation electrochromics element on the second clear glass substrate simultaneously.When the above-mentioned silicon film solar batteries of solar light irradiation, within 5 minutes time, the positive pole of Photoelectrochromic element and negative pole produce variable color simultaneously, and produce the variable color of HV negative pole in the anodal variable color of the generation TMPD of anodal electro-conductive glass place and at negative pole electro-conductive glass place.
From above experiment as can be known the present invention can realize that really polychrome is the effect of photoelectricity electrochromics element irradiation variable color.
In addition, polychrome of the present invention is the output switch configuration that the Photoelectrochromic element in the solar photoelectric electrochromic device can be coupled to by adding thin-film solar cells, and the output of the electric current that is provided by these thin-film solar cells is provided.Below several modes all can make the switch of Photoelectrochromic element:
1. utilize DC/AC switching device (DC/AC Inverter) 1600, the current conversion that thin-film solar cells is produced is that alternating current can be used as the general electrical equipment use of civil power 1602 supplies afterwards, as shown in figure 16.
2. use the processing procedures such as thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT), all make thin film transistor (TFT) 1700 at the thin-film solar cells positive and negative end and be used as switch, control separately the switch (On/Off) of silicon film solar batteries and external circuits, so can reach active control Photoelectrochromic element as shown in figure 17.
In sum, polychrome of the present invention is that the solar photoelectric electrochromic device is to utilize thin-film solar cells to drive solid-state or gluey electrochromics material in the Photoelectrochromic element, and makes the positive and negative electrode of thin-film solar cells play the part of simultaneously positive pole and the negative pole of Photoelectrochromic element.Simultaneously, design between the negative pole of different thin-film solar cells and negative pole and produce potential difference (PD), and drive off-color material in the electrochromics element by the potential difference (PD) between thin-film solar cells.Therefore, above polychrome is photoelectricity electrochromics element except improving the glazed area of integral member, also can be designed as the electrochromics display simultaneously.Under different irradiation intensity, present different color variable colors to improve the color diversity.
Although the present invention discloses as above with embodiment; so it is not to limit the present invention; have in the technical field under any and usually know the knowledgeable; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when doing a little change and retouching, therefore protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion when looking the appending claims person of defining.
Claims (21)
1. a polychrome is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One first transparency carrier;
One second transparency carrier is with respect to this first transparency carrier;
At least one Photoelectrochromic element is positioned on this first transparency carrier, and wherein this Photoelectrochromic element comprises:
Several thin-film solar cells, has different potential difference (PD) between those thin-film solar cells, and respectively this thin-film solar cells comprises one first positive pole, a photoelectric conversion layer and one first negative pole, and wherein this first anodal and this first negative pole of each thin-film solar cells are played the part of positive pole and the negative pole of this Photoelectrochromic element simultaneously;
At least one electrochromics material, this electrochromics material is positioned on those thin-film solar cells;
At least one variable color element, between this first transparency carrier and this second transparency carrier, wherein this variable color element comprises:
One first electrode and one second electrode;
At least one off-color material, this off-color material are positioned on this first electrode and this second electrode, wherein
Those first negative poles with those thin-film solar cells of different potential difference (PD) are connected to respectively this first electrode and this second electrode of this variable color element.
2. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, has being one another in series of potential difference (PD) in those thin-film solar cells.
3. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this first electrode and this second electrode all are positioned on this first transparency carrier, this first electrode and this second electrode all is positioned on this second transparency carrier or this first electrode and this second electrode lay respectively on the second transparency carrier and this first transparency carrier.
4. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this first electrode comprises different pattern structures from this second electrode.
5. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, those thin-film solar cells comprise and are the matrix arrangement or are stripe-arrangement.
6. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this off-color material of this electrochromics material or this variable color element comprises the aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution between this first transparency carrier and this second transparency carrier.
7. polychrome according to claim 6 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this composition aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution comprises oxidation/reduction type organic molecule electrochromics material.
8. polychrome according to claim 6 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this composition aqueous or gluey electro Chromotropic solution also comprises liquid electrolyte.
9. polychrome according to claim 8 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this liquid electrolyte comprises alkali metal salt and solvent.
10. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this off-color material of this electrochromics material or this variable color element comprises the electrochromics film that deposition forms.
11. polychrome according to claim 10 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, the composition of this electrochromics film comprises the high molecular polymer that is formed by aniline monomer, dioxoethyl thiophene monomer or purpurine monomer polymerization, and is perhaps Prussian blue.
12. polychrome according to claim 10 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, the material of this electrochromics film comprises transition metal oxide.
13. polychrome according to claim 10 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this Photoelectrochromic element or this variable color element also comprise colloidal state or the solid electrolyte that contacts with this electrochromics film.
14. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this off-color material of this variable color element comprises thermochromatic material.
15. polychrome according to claim 14 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this thermochromatic material comprises vanadium dioxide.
16. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, those thin-film solar cells comprise silicon film solar batteries, copper-indium-galliun-selenium film solar cell or cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery.
17. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, this first transparency carrier or this second transparency carrier comprise glass, plastics or flexible substrate.
18. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, also comprises most passivation layers, is arranged at respectively the sidewall of each photoelectric conversion layer in those thin-film solar cells.
19. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, also comprises a reflection plated film, is arranged at the outside surface of this second transparency carrier.
20. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, also comprises:
The configuration of one output switch links to each other with those thin-film solar cells;
One DC/AC switching device links to each other with the configuration of this output switch, take current conversion that those thin-film solar cells are provided as civil power.
21. polychrome according to claim 1 is the solar photoelectric electrochromic device, it is characterized in that, also comprise thin film transistor (TFT), be connected respectively to this first anodal and this first negative pole of each thin-film solar cells, in order to control separately the switch of each thin-film solar cells and external circuits.
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| US11630367B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2023-04-18 | View, Inc. | Driving thin film switchable optical devices |
| US9030725B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2015-05-12 | View, Inc. | Driving thin film switchable optical devices |
| US9778532B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2017-10-03 | View, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
| US9412290B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-08-09 | View, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
| US9454055B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2016-09-27 | View, Inc. | Multipurpose controller for multistate windows |
| US10935865B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2021-03-02 | View, Inc. | Driving thin film switchable optical devices |
| CN102643542B (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-11-06 | 安徽工业大学 | Conductive polymer-based electrochromic film and preparation method for same |
| US10503039B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2019-12-10 | View, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
| US12061404B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2024-08-13 | View, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
| US9885935B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-02-06 | View, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
| WO2017189307A2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | View, Inc. | Calibration of electrical parameters in optically switchable windows |
| CN108252631A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 上海大学 | A kind of energy-saving power generation integral intelligent window device and preparation method thereof |
| JP7033282B2 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2022-03-10 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | Electrochemical optics |
| WO2019228146A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Housing of electronic device and manufacturing method therefor, and electronic device |
| CN109575797B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Color development adjustable vanadium dioxide-based thermochromic composite material and application thereof |
| CN109557739A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-02 | 南京工业大学 | Light-driven electrochromic device and preparation method thereof |
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