A kind of biomass garbage pyrolyzer system
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the biomass garbage process field, particularly a kind of is main biomass garbage pyrolyzer system in order to handle domestic refuse.
Background technology:
The biomass resource storage is very abundant, as a kind of renewable energy source, its reasonable use, not only can alleviate environmental pressure, also can avoid the transition of traditional coal, fossil fuel is relied on, cracking technique can be converted to inflammable gas with biomass and biomass garbage, as replenishing of the energy, generate electricity, comprehensive utilization such as heat supply, also be the at present main direction of utilizing.
Moreover process of urbanization when having improved people's living standard, has also increased the burden of domestic refuse, and this also is global a great problem.The mode of tradition landfill is still also being used, and there is obvious defects in emerging incineration treatment of garbage, and the dioxin gas of its generation can't thoroughly be eliminated, and combustion processes also needs certain fuel combustion supporting.At present, though the test subject that various places have the rubbish cracking to burn all is that some experimental exploration shapes are.And another kind of biomass garbage burning disposal promptly is the mode that adopts Pintsch process.
As patent announcement CN100338396C, be called the pyrolyzer of heating in the rubbish, its structure is by pedestal, body of heater is installed on the pedestal, the top of body of heater is provided with the air outlet, the place, side of body of heater is provided with an opening for feed, and the place, another side of body of heater is provided with inlet mouth, and the inquiry bottom of body of heater is equipped with the arch fire grate; The pedestal inner bottom part is fixed with main shaft, and the upper end of main shaft rises up into the fire grate top of body of heater and rotating turret is installed, and knife is installed on the rotating turret; Pedestal is at the interlayer that is provided with sealing by the upper end of body of heater, and the upper end of interlayer is equipped with the deslagging device that chain scraper drives.During work from the inlet mouth input air, rubbish promptly can produce cracking under sultry state, rubbish enters through automatic drying from opening for feed and dewaters when entering working cycle, after drop to gasification layer gasification, drop to the zone of cracking cracking again, then drop to layer of carbon, the carbon slag is discharged by deslagging device by the fire grate hole.This patent has provided the notion of a waste cracking furnace, but each link is all perfect inadequately, and such as opening for feed, the encapsulation process that there is no need causes gas leak; The arch fire grate of bottom of furnace body can play a supportive role to rubbish, but only designs one deck fire grate, can't support the rubbish weight in the whole body of heater, to such an extent as to rubbish is closely knit in the body of heater, is unfavorable for the burning of the garbage carbonized thing of bottom; Moreover aspect deslagging, design also lacks perfect.
Patent announcement CN201196486Y, be called and the supporting gas emission processing system of domestic refuse pyrolyzer, its structure is that heat in the rubbish top of pyrolyzer is provided with collection chamber, the side of collection chamber is connected with vapor pipe, the other end of vapor pipe is connected to oil, gas separates the resorption jar, oil, gas separate resorption jar upper end and are provided with the combustion gas vent pipe, and the lower side is provided with oil exit pipe; The other end of combustion gas vent pipe is connected to the combustion gas storage cabinet, and the other end tracheae of combustion gas storage cabinet directly is connected to the combustion gas internal combustion engine generator; The centre of oil exit pipe is connected with oil sump and oil pump, and the other end pipeline of oil pump directly is connected to the lower end, cracking furnace side of heating in the rubbish.The characteristics of this patent promptly are by an oil, gas separating treatment, and oil is as the combustion-supporting oil of reignition, and cracked gas can make full use of the renewable energy resources as the fuel of gas electricity generator.This patent just provides a generalities design, and the possibility of realization is not high, and by the high-temperature gas mixture that pyrolyzer gives off, directly enters oil, gas separation, also is difficult to reach the ideal purpose.
The technical schemes of also open many relevant waste cracking furnaces mostly are exploratory scheme greatly in the patent gazette, and poor operability is difficult to satisfy the need of actual production.It is reasonable how to invent a kind of scheme, and the comprehensive pyrolyzer that structure is feasible promptly becomes the object that the present invention studies.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to invent that a kind of furnace sealing feed, blanking can evenly be supported, sufficient combustion, produce clean inflammable gas, reduce the biomass garbage cracking system that produces secondary pollution in the production process.
Technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of biomass garbage pyrolyzer system, comprises body of heater, feed mechanism, connects the slag container, scrubber tower, gas-oil separation tower and gas collection tower; Upper of furnace body is provided with feed mechanism, top and connects that scrubber tower, middle part are provided with fire grate, the bottom is provided with paddle, goes out wind apparatus and scum pipe; Fire grate and paddle is characterized in that respectively by power wheel drive:
A) body of heater: the middle part is provided with the above fire grate of one deck, and every grate furnace row is formed side by side by the fire bars of an above hollow structure, and the intravital fire bars of stove surface becomes the spiricle structure at least, and this spiricle offers breach, and breach is to offer along the axis parallel direction; Bottom center is movably equipped with power shaft, power shaft stove inner end is fixed with the paddle of selecting a structure of cross section triangulation shape or semicircle arcuation, wherein the bottom surface of paddle is parallel with furnace bottom, power shaft and paddle are hollow structure, offer the downward-sloping production well of outlet on paddle two central planes or the semicircle cambered surface;
B) feed mechanism: comprise hopper, feed bin and the feed opening that is communicated with body of heater from top to bottom successively, this feed bin upper/lower terminal is respectively equipped with movable flashboard;
C) connect the slag container: the slag container that connects that is loaded with liquid is separated into seal area and open area, and the scum pipe of body of heater leads directly to seal area, and seal area top is provided with and goes out the vapor pipe that wind apparatus is communicated with; Connect the slag container bottom and be equipped with a gradient conveying belt, this gradient conveying belt one end be in scum pipe under, the other end perk is stretched out outside the open area;
D) scrubber tower: include perpendicular tower, horizontal tower and gas washing chamber; Perpendicular tower vertically is slit into inlet plenum and spray chamber, and inlet plenum and spray chamber middle part are connected, and spray header is equipped with at the spray chamber top; Horizontal tower is connected with the spray chamber bottom, and horizontal top of tower is distributed with spray header; The pipeline that is communicated with the Heng Ta end inserts under gas washing chamber's liquid level, and the gas washing chamber top is through the pipe connection induced draft fan; The top of described gas washing chamber is provided with water port, and the bottom is provided with mud mouth;
E) gas-oil separation tower: top is respectively equipped with air intake vent and air outlet, is provided with one fen oil baffle between air intake vent and air outlet, and this minute, oil baffle was near air intake vent one side; The output of described induced draft fan is communicated with through the air intake vent of pipeline with the gas-oil separation tower, and described air outlet is communicated with the gas collection tower; The gas-oil separation tower bottom is the wedged bottom structure, and lowest part is provided with oil discharge outlet in the bottom.
Spray chamber bottom in the described scrubber tower is an incline structure, tilts toward horizontal tower direction; And horizontal tower at least the bottom be incline structure, an end height that is communicated with spray chamber, an end that is communicated with pipeline is low.Be entrained with the sewage of lime-ash etc. behind the spray, can flow into fast in the gas washing chamber, reach in perpendicular tower and the horizontal tower not laying dust, non-maintaining characteristics.
Described fire grate is a multilayered structure, and every layer of fire bars becomes parallel misalignment to distribute with the fire bars of adjacent layers, and perhaps every layer of fire bars becomes the structure of selecting of vertical distribution with the fire bars of adjacent layers.Make every layer of fire grate can both reach the purpose of regulation and control to blanking.
Described feed opening stretches in the body of heater by a slide plate, avoids blanking to be accumulated in a side of body of heater.
Described bottom of furnace body go out wind apparatus, comprise that horizontal distribution is at the air outlet tube of furnace bottom with pass the blast pipe of body of heater; Blast pipe is connected with air outlet tube, and the air outlet tube lower surface offers oblique air outlet; The cross section of air outlet tube is circular, del, and perhaps diagonal lines rectangle parallel with horizontal plane selects a structure.Organic pipeline upper surface guide tip that utilizes keeps the oblique air outlet of lower surface not blocked by lime-ash, and smooth and easy is to replenish air on every side.
The water port on described gas washing chamber top is communicated with the described slag container that connects.With the part of contaminated water of gas washing, post precipitation is back to connect in the slag container and consumes, and produces harmful heat steam loopback stove internal combustion again, avoids producing secondary pollution.Residue sewage recycles behind sedimentation and filtration.
The one section refractory metal boiler clothing that has been sticked on the described bottom of furnace body inwall reaches the purpose of energy storage by this metal boiler clothing, when making each blanking or deslagging, can both keep the temperature of burner hearth.
The present invention carries out Synthetical Optimization to the biomass garbage cracking, pass through the multilayer fire grate in the body of heater, the rubbish layering that falls into is supported, avoid seriously being stacked, especially be in the combustion zone of bottom, and can utilize fire grate the organic functional zone such as drying zone, the zone of cracking, combustion zone and melting zone that are partitioned into of body of heater; And the fire bars of hollow structure can cool off by fluid, increases the service life; Paddle can be to the flammable carbide of arch untwisting piece, and tonifying Qi in good time, makes that the carbide burning is more abundant; Connect the design of slag container, avoid high temperature furnace slag directly to discharge, the part of contaminated water of utilizing its heat of vaporization scrubber tower to produce, and consume the percolate that heap garbage produces; The high-temperature gas that cracking produces more easily separatedly goes out oil plant after the scrubber tower cooling is given a dinner of welcome, the oil plant of collection can pump into and carry out combustion-supporting in the stove and decompose.Mud, mud and the oil plant of the sewage that the present invention produces cracking process, part band oil can circulate and melt down burning and further cracking.Recycle behind settlement of sewage filtration and the vapour condensation, finally reach harmless treatment.
Description of drawings:
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with concrete legend:
Fig. 1 rubbish cracking system structural representation
Fig. 2 pyrolyzer synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 fire bars synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 trilateral paddle synoptic diagram
Fig. 5 semi arch paddle synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 goes out wind apparatus one synoptic diagram
Fig. 7 goes out wind apparatus two synoptic diagram
The circular air outlet tube diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 8
Fig. 9 trilateral air outlet tube diagrammatic cross-section
Figure 10 rectangle air outlet tube diagrammatic cross-section
Wherein
1-body of heater 11-fire grate 111-fire bars 112-breach
12-scum pipe 13-paddle 131-power shaft 132-production well
14-goes out wind apparatus 141-air outlet tube 142-blast pipe 143-air outlet
The 15-boiler clothing
2-feed mechanism 21-hopper 22-feed bin 23-feed opening
The movable flashboard 25-of 24-slide plate
3-connects slag container 31-seal area 32-open area 33-vapor pipe
34-gradient conveying belt
4-scrubber tower 41-erects tower 411-inlet plenum 412-spray chamber
The horizontal tower 43-of the 42-431-of gas washing chamber water port 432-mud mouth
The 44-spray header
5-gas-oil separation tower 51-air intake vent 52-air outlet 53-divide oil baffle
The 54-oil discharge outlet
6-gas collection tower 7-pipeline 8-induced draft fan
Embodiment:
With reference to Fig. 1, biomass garbage pyrolyzer system comprises body of heater 1, feed mechanism 2, connects slag container 3, scrubber tower 4, gas-oil separation tower 5 and gas collection tower 6; Body of heater 1 top is provided with feed mechanism 2, and this feed mechanism 2 includes hopper 21, feed bin 22 and feed opening 23, and these feed bin 22 upper/lower terminals are respectively equipped with movable flashboard 24; Described movable flashboard 24 is split for left and right sides two halves or is become fan-shaped two halves to opening structure, and movable flashboard 24 is by motor or hydraulic drive, the movable flashboard 24 of upper/lower terminal is asynchronous unlatching, also being that both are staggered opens and closes, except energy relative quantification ground feed, can guarantee that especially the movable flashboard 24 of lower end cuts out the characteristics that put in place.Described this feed opening 23 stretches in the body of heater 1 by a slide plate 25, and the rubbish thing can slide to body of heater 1 centre bit by this slide plate 25.In addition, the one section metal boiler clothing 15 that on body of heater 1 bottom interior wall, has been sticked, this boiler clothing 15 is made barrel shaped structure by spheroidal graphite cast iron or high temperature material, is close on the stove inwall, plays the energy storage effect.
Describedly connect the below that slag container 3 is located at body of heater 1, the slag container 3 that connects that is loaded with liquid is separated into seal area 31 and open area 32, the scum pipe 12 straight-through seal areas 31 of body of heater 1, can directly insert under the liquid level, also can be on liquid level, seal area 31 tops are provided with and go out the vapor pipe 33 that wind apparatus 14 is communicated with; Connect slag container 3 bottoms and be equipped with a gradient conveying belt 34, these gradient conveying belt 34 1 ends be in scum pipe 12 under, the other end perk is stretched out outside the open area 32, first from the slag of scum pipe 12 discharges like this through water cooling, then fall on the gradient conveying belt 34, send by this gradient conveying belt 34 and connect outside the slag container 3; Connect the percolate that slag container 3 can utilize dumping to produce, the part of contaminated water that scrubber tower 4 produces etc., effectively circular treatment avoids cracking process to produce secondary pollution.
Body of heater 1 top connects scrubber tower 4, and it includes perpendicular tower 41, horizontal tower 42 and gas washing chamber 43; Perpendicular tower 41 vertically is divided into inlet plenum 411 and spray chamber 412, and inlet plenum 411 and spray chamber 412 middle parts are connected, and spray header 44 is equipped with at spray chamber 412 tops; Horizontal tower 42 is connected with spray chamber 412 bottoms, and horizontal tower 42 top portion are furnished with spray header 44; Spray chamber 412 bottoms are incline structure, tilt toward horizontal tower 42 directions; And horizontal tower 42 at least the bottom be incline structure, an end height that is communicated with spray chamber 412, an end that is communicated with pipeline 7 is low.Pipeline 7 inserts under gas washing chamber's 43 liquid levels, makes gas can pass through liquid scrubbing once more, and gas washing chamber 43 tops connect induced draft fan 8 through pipeline 7, produces negative pressure by induced draft fan 8, and gas is extracted out from gas washing chamber 43; The top of described gas washing chamber 43 is provided with water port 431, and the bottom is provided with mud mouth 432, and the draining of water port 431 is by facilities such as pipelines, can be back to connect in the slag container 3 to consume.
Scrubber tower 4 back levels are gas-oil separation tower 5, these gas-oil separation tower 5 tops are respectively equipped with air intake vent 51 and air outlet 52, between air intake vent 51 and air outlet 52, be provided with one fen oil baffle 53, this minute oil baffle 53 near air intake vent 51 1 sides, make the air-flow that enters can impact this minute oil baffle 53; Gas-oil separation tower 5 bottoms are the wedged bottom structure, are provided with oil discharge outlet 54 at the bottom lowest part, and the oil plant of collection can be sent in the stove by this oil discharge outlet 54 again, plays combustion-supporting effect, also can be once more to byproduct the cracking of burning once more handle, kill two birds with one stone.The output of described induced draft fan 8 is communicated with the air intake vent 51 of gas-oil separation tower through pipeline 7, and described air outlet 52 is communicated with gas collection tower 6.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the middle part of body of heater 1 is provided with the above fire grate 11 of a row, every grate furnace row 11 fire bars 111 by an above hollow structure form side by side, at least the intravital fire bars of stove 111 surfaces become the spiricle structure, this spiricle offers breach 112, breach is to offer along the axis parallel direction, and saying so exactly mills out breach 112 along axis.Be provided with multilayer fire grate 11 in the body of heater 1 from top to bottom, every layer of fire bars 111 distributes with 111 one-tenth parallel misalignments of fire bars of adjacent layers, perhaps 111 one-tenth vertical distribution of fire bars of every layer of fire bars 111 and adjacent layers selects a structure, and 111 one-tenth of the adjacent fire bars of layer rotate in opposite directions together, can tear cutting action to the rubbish deposits yields that supports like this, also can avoid toward the extruding of body of heater 1 the same side.The fire bars 111 of hollow structure can cool off by through-flow body, can protect the life-span of fire bars 111, and it is by motor or hydraulic drive.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, powered movable axle 131 ends of body of heater 1 bottom center are fixed with paddle 13, paddle 13 cross section triangulation shapes or semicircle arcuation select a structure, wherein the bottom surface of paddle 13 is parallel with furnace bottom, when avoiding rotating slag is produced compaction actions, power shaft 131 and paddle 13 are hollow structure, the cross section is two central planes of trilateral paddle 13, perhaps the cross section is to offer the downward-sloping production well 132 of outlet on the semicircle cambered surface of semicircular arc, stir by rotation, to the slag oxygen supply.Fig. 4 is a scheme that the cross section is leg-of-mutton paddle 13, and Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of three cross sections paddle 13 that is semi arch.
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 to Figure 10, body of heater 1 bottom is provided with the necessary wind apparatus 14 that goes out, and provides the body of heater burning main air source, and its design is unreasonable, whether fully directly influences incendiary.Go out wind apparatus 14 and comprise the air outlet tube 141 and the blast pipe 142 that pass body of heater of horizontal distribution at furnace bottom; Blast pipe 142 is connected with air outlet tube 141, and air outlet tube 141 lower surfaces offer oblique air outlet 143; The cross section of air outlet tube 141 is circular, as Fig. 8, del, as Fig. 9, perhaps diagonal lines rectangle parallel with horizontal plane select a structure, as Figure 10.Utilize upper surface to block lime-ash, avoid falling into air outlet 143, cause air outlet tube 141 to stop up.The arrangement moulding of air outlet tube 141 as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, can be that parallel equidistant distributes, and always calls on pipe 142 by one and is communicated with, and perhaps every air outlet tube 141 all is communicated with blast pipe 142.In addition, air outlet tube 141 also can adopt concentric structure to arrange, perhaps becomes latticed layout, all can reach identical effect.